1065 in History

At a general Witen Tostigs laws are anulled & Tostig is deposed

Edward is too ill to attend the consecration of the Westminster church he had built.

Harold accepts Morcar's recognition as Earl of Northumbria as part of the peace settlement.

Edward accepts Tostig's exile despite his earlier desire to restore him.

Harold accepts the settlement that sends his brother Tostig into exile.

Harold supports compromise rather than a royal military campaign that could trigger civil war.

Tostig seeks royal support for restoration to his earldom after the Northumbrian uprising.

Tostig reaches Saint-Omer, where Baldwin V provides accommodation for his exiled household.

Rebels attack Tostig's household in York and destroy the local machinery of his rule.

Morcar places authority beyond the Tyne in Oswulf's hands to secure support in northern Northumbria.

Ferdinand receives communion on Christmas Day as his final illness advances.

Ferdinand joins the clergy at San Isidoro for Christmas matins despite his worsening illness.

Edward's great abbey church at Westminster is completed shortly before its consecration.

Consecrates Westminster Abbey

Westminster Abbey is consecrated on 28 December, but Edward is too ill to attend the ceremony.

Edward's new abbey church is consecrated on 28 December 1065.

At Oxford, Harold accepts the Northumbrian demands, Tostig remains outlawed, and Morcar is recognised as Earl of Northumbria.

Morcar, Harolds brother-in-law, became the new Earl of Northumbria. Harold yields to the rebels demands & banishes Tostig from the country. At a general Witen Tostigs laws are anulled & Cnuts reinstated

200 senior thegns choose Morcar to become their new leader

Northumbrian leaders reject Tostig and choose Morcar to replace him as earl.

The standard of revolt is raised in Yorkshire. Morcar is declared the new Earl. A coalition of Yorkshire, Northumbria & Mercia against Tostig

Edward remains seriously ill at Westminster as the year approaches its end.

Edward initially favors restoring Tostig and suppressing resistance to royal authority.

Tostig leaves England with his wife and loyal followers after his deposition is accepted.

The October settlement accepts Tostig's deposition from Northumbria and confirms Morcar as the new earl.

The settlement at Oxford confirms Tostig's removal and recognizes Morcar as the new earl.

Men from Derby join the coalition backing Morcar against Tostig.

Edward's planned hunting residence is disrupted when Caradoc ap Gruffydd attacks the construction site.

Ferdinand's partition leaves Alfonso ruling León separately from Sancho's Castile.

Ferdinand's death separates Sancho's Castile from the León inherited by Alfonso.

Falls into a coma, dreams the Anglo-Saxons will be consumed by fire & sword

Edward becomes seriously ill late in the year, and later tradition records a troubling final vision.

Ferdinand's succession settlement divides his dominions among his sons and provides territories for his daughters.

Morcar consolidates his new authority in York after the royal government recognizes his election.

Northumbrian rebels choose Morcar to replace Tostig as their earl.

Morcar, Harolds brother-in-law, became the new Earl of Northumbria. Forced into exile in Norway

The Oxford settlement leaves Tostig in exile and confirms Morcar as Earl of Northumbria.

Sancho receives the Castilian share of Ferdinand's divided dominions under the royal succession settlement.

Edward enters the final stage of his illness at Westminster, dying on 5 January 1066.

Morcar begins governing Northumbria after the royal settlement confirms his earldom.

Falls into a coma, dreams the Anglo-Saxons will be consumed by fire & sword

Edward's health deteriorates severely near the end of 1065, preventing him from attending Westminster Abbey's consecration.

Tostig establishes his household in exile at Saint-Omer under Baldwin V's protection.

Alfonso receives territory in Asturias with the Leonese share of Ferdinand's inheritance.

Alfonso's inheritance includes the territory of Campos as part of his Leonese kingdom.

Alfonso inherits León together with Ferdinand's tributary rights connected with the taifa of Toledo.

Sancho inherits Castile together with claims to tribute from the taifa of Zaragoza.

Morcar joins forces with his brother Edwin and Mercian supporters at Northampton.

Northumbrian rebels kill members of Tostig's household and officials during the seizure of York.

Castile passes to Sancho with royal status under Ferdinand's partition of the inheritance.

León becomes Alfonso's principal inheritance under Ferdinand's division of the royal dominions.

Morcar leads the rebel host south after his election as earl.

Alfonso begins exercising royal authority in León after his father's death.

Men from Lincoln join Morcar's movement as the Northumbrian force advances south.

Tostig loses effective control of Northumbria when the rebels choose Morcar in his place.

Harold loses workmen when Caradoc's force attacks the royal construction site at Portskewet.

Agrees to marry Ealdgyth, sister of Edwin & Morcar to gain support for his accession

Harold meets the rebel leaders at Northampton and attempts to negotiate a peaceful settlement.

Mercian and Welsh forces reinforce Morcar's position while negotiations with Harold develop.

Harold secures an agreement that prevents immediate fighting between the royal government and the northern coalition.

Harold learns that the Northumbrians have rejected his brother Tostig and chosen Morcar.

The rebel host reaches Northampton, increasing pressure on Edward to abandon Tostig's restoration.

Edward faces a major political crisis when Northumbrian rebels reject his appointed earl Tostig.

Morcar receives the support of the Northumbrian thegns after Tostig is rejected.

Northumbrian rebels move against Tostig's officials and declare that they will no longer accept his rule.

Northumbrian thegns rise against Tostig's government while he is away from York.

Supporters from Nottingham strengthen Morcar's army during its southward march.

The Northumbrian assembly outlaws Tostig and rejects his authority as earl.

Morcar's supporters insist at Oxford that his election must be recognized.

Harold continues negotiations at Oxford after failing to reconcile Tostig with the Northumbrians.

Negotiations at Oxford end without restoring Tostig to Northumbria.

Edward accepts a settlement recognizing Morcar and ending Tostig's rule in Northumbria.

The inheritance settlement assigns Castile to Sancho, León to Alfonso and Galicia to García.

Morcar considers peace proposals delivered during Harold's attempt to settle the revolt.

Ferdinand performs a final penitential ceremony before the altar at San Isidoro.

Edward's health deteriorates after the Northumbrian crisis and the collapse of his attempt to restore Tostig.

Harold's negotiated settlement ends the immediate Northumbrian crisis without restoring Tostig.

Edward commissions a hunting residence at Portskewet, where Harold oversees construction during the summer.

Ferdinand visits the church of San Isidoro after returning to León in grave health.

Harold presents the rebels' demands to the royal government during the Oxford settlement.

Caradoc ap Gruffydd attacks the works at Portskewet while Harold's royal building project is underway.

Harold accepts that Tostig cannot be restored without civil war and supports a negotiated settlement.

Sent to mediate with the rebels by Edward but Tostig is exiled

Edward accepts the settlement under which Morcar replaces Tostig as Earl of Northumbria.

Morcar is elected Earl & Tostig deposed. At a general Witen Tostigs laws are anulled & Cnuts reinstated

Morcar is elected Earl & Tostig deposed. At a general Witen Tostigs laws are anulled & Cnuts reinstated

Morcar's position as Earl of Northumbria is accepted during the settlement reached at Oxford.

Tostig's opponents march south through the Midlands while demanding recognition of Morcar as earl.

Harold receives demands for Tostig's outlawry and Morcar's recognition from the northern coalition.

The Oxford settlement legalizes Morcar's position as Earl of Northumbria.

Edward's government recognizes Morcar as Earl of Northumbria after the Oxford negotiations.

Tostig takes refuge in Flanders under the protection of Count Baldwin V.

Alfonso VI begins his reign in León following Ferdinand I's death on 27 December.

Morcar returns north with his authority recognized after the settlement with Edward's government.

Ferdinand returns to León on 24 December after leaving the Valencia campaign.

The southward march of the rebels demonstrates that Edward lacks support for a military restoration of Tostig.

Edward consults leading nobles at Britford as the Northumbrian revolt threatens wider conflict.

Harold supervises construction of a royal hunting residence at Portskewet for Edward the Confessor.

The succession settlement confirms Alfonso as heir to the Leonese portion of Ferdinand's dominions.

Sancho begins ruling the newly separated Castilian kingdom as Sancho II.

Raiders carry off goods and supplies gathered for Harold's royal building project at Portskewet.

The rebels seize Tostig's treasure, weapons and property after taking control of York.

The partition of 1065 re-establishes León as a separate realm under Alfonso.

Alfonso succeeds to León after Ferdinand I divides his realms among his children.

Edward tells Harold "I commend Edith & all the Kingdom to your protection"

Edward tells Harold "I commend Edith & all the Kingdom to your protection"

Sancho succeeds to Castile after the death of his father Ferdinand I.

Sancho succeeds to Castile after the death of Ferdinand I.

Alfonso succeeds to the Kingdom of León after Ferdinand I dies.

Tostig remains with King Edward at Britford while news of the Northumbrian revolt reaches the royal court.

Edward's new Westminster Abbey is consecrated while the king remains gravely ill and unable to attend.

Present at the consecration of the new abbey church of Westminster, last public act

Present at the consecration of the new abbey church of Westminster

Stigand is associated with the royal church at Westminster when the new abbey is consecrated.

Edward remains at Westminster during midwinter while his new abbey church prepares for consecration.

Tostig spends the winter at Saint-Omer after losing his Northumbrian earldom.

Says to Harold on his deathbed, "I commend Edith & all the Kingdom to your protection". Death of Edward the Confessor

Ferdinand I dies at León after ruling León and Castile and campaigning against neighbouring Muslim kingdoms.

Ferdinand I dies at León on 27 December 1065 after returning from his final campaign.