Royal Hunting Lodge
Harold supervises construction of a royal hunting residence at Portskewet for Edward the Confessor.
Historical events in 1065
159 historical records
August 10656 historical events
Portskewet Hunting Residence
Edward commissions a hunting residence at Portskewet, where Harold oversees construction during the summer.
Loss of Workmen
Harold loses workmen when Caradoc's force attacks the royal construction site at Portskewet.
Raid on Portskewet
Caradoc ap Gruffydd attacks the works at Portskewet while Harold's royal building project is underway.
Seizure of Building Supplies
Raiders carry off goods and supplies gathered for Harold's royal building project at Portskewet.
Destruction at Portskewet
Edward's planned hunting residence is disrupted when Caradoc ap Gruffydd attacks the construction site.
October 106554 historical events
Council of York
200 senior thegns choose Morcar to become their new leader
Council of York
Northumbrian leaders reject Tostig and choose Morcar to replace him as earl.
Declaration of War
The standard of revolt is raised in Yorkshire. Morcar is declared the new Earl. A coalition of Yorkshire, Northumbria & Mercia against Tostig
Northumbrian Revolt
Northumbrian rebels move against Tostig's officials and declare that they will no longer accept his rule.
Acceptance of Morcar
Harold accepts Morcar's recognition as Earl of Northumbria as part of the peace settlement.
Acceptance of Tostig's Exile
Harold accepts the settlement that sends his brother Tostig into exile.
Recognition as Earl
The Oxford settlement legalizes Morcar's position as Earl of Northumbria.
Abdication
At a general Witen Tostigs laws are anulled & Tostig is deposed
Council of Oxford
At Oxford, Harold accepts the Northumbrian demands, Tostig remains outlawed, and Morcar is recognised as Earl of Northumbria.
Council of Oxford
Morcar, Harolds brother-in-law, became the new Earl of Northumbria. Harold yields to the rebels demands & banishes Tostig from the country. At a general Witen Tostigs laws are anulled & Cnuts reinstated
Deposition Confirmed
The settlement at Oxford confirms Tostig's removal and recognizes Morcar as the new earl.
Deposition
The October settlement accepts Tostig's deposition from Northumbria and confirms Morcar as the new earl.
Exile Settlement
The Oxford settlement leaves Tostig in exile and confirms Morcar as Earl of Northumbria.
Exile of Tostig
Morcar, Harolds brother-in-law, became the new Earl of Northumbria. Forced into exile in Norway
Acceptance of Tostig's Exile
Edward accepts Tostig's exile despite his earlier desire to restore him.
Recognition of Morcar
Edward's government recognizes Morcar as Earl of Northumbria after the Oxford negotiations.
Advice Against Civil War
Harold supports compromise rather than a royal military campaign that could trigger civil war.
Oxford Mediation
Harold continues negotiations at Oxford after failing to reconcile Tostig with the Northumbrians.
Presentation of Rebel Demands
Harold presents the rebels' demands to the royal government during the Oxford settlement.
Oxford Conference
Morcar's supporters insist at Oxford that his election must be recognized.
Reballion of Rebels in Oxford
Morcar is elected Earl & Tostig deposed. At a general Witen Tostigs laws are anulled & Cnuts reinstated
Reballion of Rebels in Oxford
Morcar's position as Earl of Northumbria is accepted during the settlement reached at Oxford.
Oxford Negotiations
Negotiations at Oxford end without restoring Tostig to Northumbria.
Oxford Settlement
Edward accepts a settlement recognizing Morcar and ending Tostig's rule in Northumbria.
Reballion of Rebels in Oxford
Edward accepts the settlement under which Morcar replaces Tostig as Earl of Northumbria.
Reballion of Rebels in Oxford
Morcar is elected Earl & Tostig deposed. At a general Witen Tostigs laws are anulled & Cnuts reinstated
Loss of Northumbria
Tostig loses effective control of Northumbria when the rebels choose Morcar in his place.
Outlawry of Tostig
The Northumbrian assembly outlaws Tostig and rejects his authority as earl.
Mediation Mission
Harold meets the rebel leaders at Northampton and attempts to negotiate a peaceful settlement.
Negotiated End of Revolt
Harold secures an agreement that prevents immediate fighting between the royal government and the northern coalition.
News of Northumbrian Revolt
Harold learns that the Northumbrians have rejected his brother Tostig and chosen Morcar.
Rebel Peace Terms
Harold receives demands for Tostig's outlawry and Morcar's recognition from the northern coalition.
Bernician Settlement
Morcar places authority beyond the Tyne in Oswulf's hands to secure support in northern Northumbria.
Derby Support
Men from Derby join the coalition backing Morcar against Tostig.
Election as Earl
Northumbrian rebels choose Morcar to replace Tostig as their earl.
Junction with Edwin
Morcar joins forces with his brother Edwin and Mercian supporters at Northampton.
Leadership of the Rebel Host
Morcar leads the rebel host south after his election as earl.
Lincoln Support
Men from Lincoln join Morcar's movement as the Northumbrian force advances south.
Mercian Reinforcement
Mercian and Welsh forces reinforce Morcar's position while negotiations with Harold develop.
Northumbrian Recognition
Morcar receives the support of the Northumbrian thegns after Tostig is rejected.
Nottingham Support
Supporters from Nottingham strengthen Morcar's army during its southward march.
Peace Proposals
Morcar considers peace proposals delivered during Harold's attempt to settle the revolt.
Appeal for Royal Restoration
Tostig seeks royal support for restoration to his earldom after the Northumbrian uprising.
Attack on Tostig's Household
Rebels attack Tostig's household in York and destroy the local machinery of his rule.
Killing of Tostig's Retainers
Northumbrian rebels kill members of Tostig's household and officials during the seizure of York.
Northampton Confrontation
The rebel host reaches Northampton, increasing pressure on Edward to abandon Tostig's restoration.
Northumbrian Rising
Northumbrian thegns rise against Tostig's government while he is away from York.
Rebel Advance into the Midlands
Tostig's opponents march south through the Midlands while demanding recognition of Morcar as earl.
Seizure of Tostig's Treasury
The rebels seize Tostig's treasure, weapons and property after taking control of York.
Tostig at Britford
Tostig remains with King Edward at Britford while news of the Northumbrian revolt reaches the royal court.
Demand for Tostig's Restoration
Edward initially favors restoring Tostig and suppressing resistance to royal authority.
Northumbrian Crisis
Edward faces a major political crisis when Northumbrian rebels reject his appointed earl Tostig.
Royal Authority Challenged
The southward march of the rebels demonstrates that Edward lacks support for a military restoration of Tostig.
Royal Council at Britford
Edward consults leading nobles at Britford as the Northumbrian revolt threatens wider conflict.
November 106511 historical events
Earldom Consolidated
Morcar consolidates his new authority in York after the royal government recognizes his election.
Government of Northumbria
Morcar begins governing Northumbria after the royal settlement confirms his earldom.
Arrival at Saint-Omer
Tostig reaches Saint-Omer, where Baldwin V provides accommodation for his exiled household.
Departure from England
Tostig leaves England with his wife and loyal followers after his deposition is accepted.
Refuge in Flanders
Tostig takes refuge in Flanders under the protection of Count Baldwin V.
Marriage
Agrees to marry Ealdgyth, sister of Edwin & Morcar to gain support for his accession
Political Crisis and Illness
Edward's health deteriorates after the Northumbrian crisis and the collapse of his attempt to restore Tostig.
Political Settlement of the North
Harold's negotiated settlement ends the immediate Northumbrian crisis without restoring Tostig.
Reballion of Rebels in Northumbria
Harold accepts that Tostig cannot be restored without civil war and supports a negotiated settlement.
Return North
Morcar returns north with his authority recognized after the settlement with Edward's government.
Reballion of Rebels in Northumbria
Sent to mediate with the rebels by Edward but Tostig is exiled
December 106548 historical events
Return to Leon
Ferdinand returns to León on 24 December after leaving the Valencia campaign.
Christmas Matins
Ferdinand joins the clergy at San Isidoro for Christmas matins despite his worsening illness.
Prayer at San Isidoro
Ferdinand visits the church of San Isidoro after returning to León in grave health.
Christmas Communion
Ferdinand receives communion on Christmas Day as his final illness advances.
Consecration
Consecrates Westminster Abbey
Penitential Ceremony
Ferdinand performs a final penitential ceremony before the altar at San Isidoro.
Kingdom of Castille
Castile passes to Sancho with royal status under Ferdinand's partition of the inheritance.
Succession to Castille
Sancho succeeds to Castile after the death of Ferdinand I.
Kingdom of Leon
León becomes Alfonso's principal inheritance under Ferdinand's division of the royal dominions.
Reign of Alfonso VI Begins
Alfonso VI begins his reign in León following Ferdinand I's death on 27 December.
Succession to Leon
Alfonso succeeds to the Kingdom of León after Ferdinand I dies.
Death of Ferdinand I
Ferdinand I dies at León after ruling León and Castile and campaigning against neighbouring Muslim kingdoms.
Death of Ferdinand I
Ferdinand I dies at León on 27 December 1065 after returning from his final campaign.
Consecration
Westminster Abbey is consecrated on 28 December, but Edward is too ill to attend the ceremony.
Death of Edward the Confessor
Says to Harold on his deathbed, "I commend Edith & all the Kingdom to your protection". Death of Edward the Confessor
Dream
Falls into a coma, dreams the Anglo-Saxons will be consumed by fire & sword
Succession
Edward tells Harold "I commend Edith & all the Kingdom to your protection"
Westminster Abbey
Edward's new Westminster Abbey is consecrated while the king remains gravely ill and unable to attend.
Westminster Abbey
Present at the consecration of the new abbey church of Westminster, last public act
Succession
Edward tells Harold "I commend Edith & all the Kingdom to your protection"
Westminster Abbey
Present at the consecration of the new abbey church of Westminster
Westminster Abbey
Stigand is associated with the royal church at Westminster when the new abbey is consecrated.
Consecration of Westminster Abbey
Edward's new abbey church is consecrated on 28 December 1065.
Absence from Abbey Consecration
Edward is too ill to attend the consecration of the Westminster church he had built.
Health of Edward the Confessor
Falls into a coma, dreams the Anglo-Saxons will be consumed by fire & sword
Household in Exile
Tostig establishes his household in exile at Saint-Omer under Baldwin V's protection.
Winter Exile
Tostig spends the winter at Saint-Omer after losing his Northumbrian earldom.
Completion of Westminster Abbey
Edward's great abbey church at Westminster is completed shortly before its consecration.
Dream
Edward becomes seriously ill late in the year, and later tradition records a troubling final vision.
Westminster at Midwinter
Edward remains at Westminster during midwinter while his new abbey church prepares for consecration.
Declining Health
Edward remains seriously ill at Westminster as the year approaches its end.
Final Illness
Edward enters the final stage of his illness at Westminster, dying on 5 January 1066.
Health of Edward the Confessor
Edward's health deteriorates severely near the end of 1065, preventing him from attending Westminster Abbey's consecration.
Inheritance of Zaragoza Parias
Sancho inherits Castile together with claims to tribute from the taifa of Zaragoza.
Royal Title of Sancho II
Sancho begins ruling the newly separated Castilian kingdom as Sancho II.
Succession
Sancho succeeds to Castile after the death of his father Ferdinand I.
Division from Castille
Ferdinand's partition leaves Alfonso ruling León separately from Sancho's Castile.
Inheritance in Asturias
Alfonso receives territory in Asturias with the Leonese share of Ferdinand's inheritance.
Inheritance of Campos
Alfonso's inheritance includes the territory of Campos as part of his Leonese kingdom.
Inheritance of Toledo Parias
Alfonso inherits León together with Ferdinand's tributary rights connected with the taifa of Toledo.
Leonese Royal Authority
Alfonso begins exercising royal authority in León after his father's death.
Royal Inheritance Confirmed
The succession settlement confirms Alfonso as heir to the Leonese portion of Ferdinand's dominions.
Separate Leonese Realm
The partition of 1065 re-establishes León as a separate realm under Alfonso.
Succession
Alfonso succeeds to León after Ferdinand I divides his realms among his children.
Dynastic Partition
Ferdinand's succession settlement divides his dominions among his sons and provides territories for his daughters.
Partition of Royal Inheritance
The inheritance settlement assigns Castile to Sancho, León to Alfonso and Galicia to García.
Division from Leon
Ferdinand's death separates Sancho's Castile from the León inherited by Alfonso.
Ferdinand's Succession Settlement
Sancho receives the Castilian share of Ferdinand's divided dominions under the royal succession settlement.
Marriage to Ealdgyth
Around this period Harold marries Ealdgyth, sister of Edwin and Morcar, strengthening ties with the Mercian family.
Marriage
Harold marries Ealdgyth, sister of Edwin and Morcar, strengthening his political links with the Mercian family.
Mercian Marriage Alliance
Harold's marriage to Ealdgyth creates a dynastic link with the powerful house of Mercia.
Exile of Tostig
Tostig is outlawed after refusing to accept his removal from the earldom of Northumbria.
Exile of Tostig
Tostig is outlawed because he refused to accept his deposition as commanded by Edward
Exile of Tostig
Tostig leaves England with his family and loyal followers and takes refuge with Count Baldwin V in Flanders.
Exile of Tostig
Tostig took ship with his family and some loyal thegns and took refuge with his brother-in-law, Count Baldwin V
Occupation of York
Northumbrian rebels occupy York, kill several of Tostig's officials and supporters, and summon Morcar to take the earldom.
Siege of York
The thegns of Yorkshire and the rest of Yorkshire descend on York and occupied the city, they killed Tostigs officials and supporters, then declared Tostig outlawed for his unlawful actions and sent for Morcar, younger brother of Edwin, Earl of Mercia
Reballion of Northumbrian
Harold carries Edward's proposals to the Northumbrian rebels and negotiates rather than attempting to restore Tostig by force.
Peerage
Created Earl of Northumbria from 1065 to 1066
Peerage
Morcar is chosen to replace Tostig as Earl of Northumbria during the northern revolt.
Reballion of Northumbrians
Morcar becomes the rebels' chosen earl after Northumbrians rise against Tostig's government.
Reballion of Northumbrians
The Northumbrians revolt against their Earl Tostig, who is replaced by Morcar and declared an outlaw
Reballion of Northumbrian
Edward sends Harold to negotiate with the Northumbrian rebels as their forces move south.
Reballion of Northumbrian
Harold conveys a message from Edward for Northumbrian rebels to lay down their arms
Reballion of Northumbrian
The Northumbrian revolt challenges Tostig's rule and forces Edward to decide whether to restore his brother-in-law by force.
Reballion of Rebels in Britford
Edward holds council during the Northumbrian crisis while seeking a settlement that will avoid civil war.
Reballion of Rebels in Britford
Holds a royal council to try & avoid civil war
Reballion of Rebels in Northumbria
Rebellion breaks out after Tostig is created Earl of Northumbria
Reballion of Northumbrian
Harold takes a message from King Edward for Northumbrian rebels to make peace
Siege of Dol
With Conan II, Duke of Brittany when he besieged Rivallon I of Dol, Lord of Dol, in the castle of Combourg
Siege of Dol
William lays siege to Dol, represented on the Bayeux tapestry
Succession
Succeeds as King of Castille
Succession
Succeeds as King of Leon, son of Ferdinand I
Death of Ferdinand I
Death of Ferdinand I, after beginning the reconquest of Spain from the Moors
Illness during Valencia Campaign
Ferdinand becomes seriously ill while campaigning around Valencia and decides to return to León.
Advance toward Valencia
Ferdinand moves his army toward Valencia after operations connected with Zaragoza.
Battle of Paterna
Ferdinand's forces defeat the Valencian ruler's army near Paterna during the campaign against Valencia.
Demand for Zaragoza Parias
Ferdinand demands renewed tribute from the taifa ruler of Zaragoza during his final campaigning year.
Siege of Valencia
Ferdinand besieges Valencia during the last military campaign of his reign.
Victory near Valencia
The victory at Paterna strengthens Ferdinand's position before illness forces him to end the campaign.
Withdrawal from Valencia
Ferdinand abandons the Valencia campaign because of his deteriorating health.
Zaragoza Punitive Expedition
Ferdinand campaigns against Zaragoza after tribute obligations to his realm are disputed.
El-Cid
Appointed Commander of the Royal Troops, El-Cid
Commander of Royal Troops
Appointed Commander of the Royal Troops, El-Cid
Eastern Frontier Command
Sancho performs military duties on the eastern frontier of his father's dominions during the final years of Ferdinand's reign.
March toward Valencia
Sancho accompanies the royal military effort that moves from the Zaragoza frontier toward Valencia.
Valencia Campaign
Sancho takes part in Ferdinand's final campaign against the taifa of Valencia.
Zaragoza Tribute Campaign
Sancho participates in pressure on Zaragoza connected with the payment of tribute to Ferdinand's realm.