Parliament
Richard III opens his first Parliament and seeks statutory recognition of his title.
Historical events in 1484
69 historical records
January 14843 historical events
Titulus Regius
Richard III's first Parliament confirms the Titulus Regius, declaring Edward IV's children illegitimate and strengthening Richard's claim.
Succession
Richard III's first Parliament of January 1484 stripped Elizabeth Woodville of all the lands given her during Edward IV's reign
March 14844 historical events
Sanctuary
Elizabeth Woodville and her daughters came out of sanctuary after Richard III publicly swore an oath that her daughters would not be harmed or molested and that they would not be imprisoned in the Tower of London or in any other prison. He also promised
Sanctuary
to provide them with marriage portions and to marry them to "gentlemen born". The family returned to Court, outwardly reconciled to Richard III
Sanctuary
Elizabeth Woodville leaves sanctuary after Richard III promises protection and marriage portions for her daughters.
Sanctuary
Elizabeth and her daughters came out of sanctuary and return to court
April 14847 historical events
Death of Richard III
Death of Edward Prince of Wales, Richard's only son & heir
Reballion of Rebels in Brittany
Without an heir & a wife who cannot have children support rallies to Henry Tudor
Death of Edward
Death of Edward Prince of Wales, Richard's only son & heir
Prince of Wales
Edward of Middleham, Richard III's only legitimate son, dies at Middleham Castle.
Death of Edward
Anne Neville suffers the death of her only son, Edward of Middleham, weakening the Yorkist succession.
Succession
After the death of her only son, Anne Neville effectively adopted Edward, Earl of Warwick, the mutual nephew of Richard III and Anne Neville. Richard III made the boy his heir presumptive, probably in deference to Anne Neville's wishes
Death of Anne Neville
Death of Edward, Richard III & Anne's only son, at Middleham Castle
August 14841 historical events
Papal Election
Innocent VIII is elected pope after the death of Sixtus IV.
September 14847 historical events
Coronation
Innocent VIII is crowned pope in Rome after his election.
Marriage
Richard's niece Anne de la Pole marries James III's son. A 3-year truce is agreed
Peace
A 3-year truce follows the marriage of Richard's niece Anne de la Pole & James III's son
Peace
A 3-year truce follows the marriage of Richard's niece Anne de la Pole & James III's son
Treaty of Friendship
Avoids war on 2 fronts with Scotland & the Lancastrian invasion force of Henry Tudor
Marriage Treaty
Anne de la Pole's planned marriage into the Scottish royal family supports a temporary Anglo-Scottish settlement.
Truce with England
James III accepts a truce with England connected to marriage negotiations involving Anne de la Pole.
December 14846 historical events
Summis Desiderantes
Heinrich Kramer receives papal support for inquisitorial authority against suspected witchcraft in German dioceses.
Summis Desiderantes
Jacob Sprenger is named with Heinrich Kramer in the papal bull supporting witchcraft prosecutions.
Summis Desiderantes
Its direct purport was to ratify the powers already conferred upon Henry Institoris and James Sprenger, to deal with witchcraft as well as heresy, and it called upon the Bishop of Strasbourg to lend the inquisitors all possible support
Summis Desiderantes
The bull sought to remedy this jurisdictional dispute by specifically identifying the dioceses of Mainz, Cologne, Trier, Salzburg, and Bremen. Issues a bull against witchcraft. Innocent's Bull enacted nothing new.
Summis Desiderantes
The bull was written in response to the request of Dominican Inquisitor Heinrich Kramer for explicit authority to prosecute witchcraft in Germany, after he was refused assistance by the local ecclesiastical authorities, who maintained that as the letter of deputation did not specifically mention where
Summis Desiderantes
the inquisitors may operate, they could not legally exercise their functions in their areas.
Lord Treasurer
Appointed Lord Treasurer
Bail
Parliament under Richard III passes legal reforms later remembered for limiting arbitrary seizure and strengthening bail procedure.
Benevolences
Richard III's Parliament condemns forced benevolences, attacking a fiscal practice associated with Edward IV.
Birth of Charles Brandon
Charles Brandon is born and later becomes Henry VIII's close companion, Duke of Suffolk and husband of the king's sister Mary Tudor.
Exile of Jasper Tudor
Jasper Tudor remains in exile and supports Henry Tudor's claim against Richard III.
Escape from Brittany
Pressure on Brittany from Richard III helps drive Henry Tudor into France, where he continues preparing a challenge for the throne.
Exile of Henry VII
Henry Tudor escapes to Paris
Kidnap
Henry Tudor is warned that Breton officials may hand him to Richard III and prepares to escape to France.
Exile of Henry Tudor
Henry Tudor gathers support in France after avoiding attempts to return him to Richard III's control.
Northern Council
Francis Lovell remains one of Richard III's trusted supporters and participates in northern Yorkist administration.
Heir Presumptive
Edward, Earl of Warwick, is considered by some Yorkists as a possible heir after the death of Richard III's son.
Heir Presumptive
After Edward of Middleham's death, John de la Pole becomes a leading Yorkist heir and is associated with Richard's northern administration.
Exile of Richard III
Henry Tudor escapes to Paris
Invasion of England
The Lancastrian heir, Henry Tudor, makes attemptts to land in Dorset & Devon
Invasion of England
Executes or pardons those who had been involved in Henry Tudor's invasion attemptts
Kidnap
Henry Tudor is warned of a kidnap attempt by supporters of Richard III
Northern Council
Sets up a Northern Council at Sandal under his nephew John de la Pole
Council of the North
Richard strengthens northern government through a council based at Sandal and connected with his nephew John de la Pole.
Henry Tudor
Richard III pressures Brittany to surrender Henry Tudor, but Henry escapes the threat and moves toward France.
Marriage Negotiations
Elizabeth of York becomes increasingly important to rival dynastic plans after her brothers are declared illegitimate.
Marriage
Parliament declares Edward IV's marriage to Elizabeth invalid. Elizabeth's children are made illegitimate
St Anthonys School
More begins his early schooling at St Anthony's School in London.
Education
Studies at the University of Cambridge from 1484, where at Michaelhouse, Cambridge, he comes under the influence of William Melton, a pastorally-minded theologian open to the new current of reform in studies arising from the Renaissance
Beaumaris Castle
Appointed Commander of Beaumaris Castle
Invasion of Wales
Richard III appoints Huddleston to help see off an invasion by Henry Tudor
Henry Tudor
Francis II's court becomes a refuge for Henry Tudor and Lancastrian supporters before the Bosworth campaign.
Pope
Appointed Pope, Giovanni Battista Cybo
Akkerman
Stephen the Great loses Akkerman to Bayezid II's Ottoman forces.
Congo River
Diogo Cao reaches the Congo River mouth and claims the region for Portugal.
African Exploration
John II supports Portuguese Atlantic and African exploration, including Diogo Cao's voyages.
Loss of Chilia and Cetatea Alba
Loses key Black Sea ports to the Ottomans.
Raid into Scotland
Alexander Stewart attempts another raid against Scotland after earlier conflict with his brother James III.
Birth of John Stewart Albany
John Stewart, future Duke of Albany and regent of Scotland, is born to Alexander Stewart.
Birth of John Stewart
Birth of John Stewart, Duke of Albany, only son of Alexander Stewart
Invasion of Scotland
Leads an abortive raid into Scotland
Inquisition
Introduces the inquisition to Aragon
Inquisition
Ferdinand II extends inquisitorial institutions into Aragon as royal control over religious policy grows.
Capture of Akkerman
Captures the port of Akkerman on the Black Sea
Capture of Kilia
Captures the port of Kilia on the Black Sea
Akkerman
Bayezid II captures Akkerman, expanding Ottoman influence on the Black Sea coast.
Capture of Kilia
Bayezid II captures Kilia, strengthening Ottoman control near the Danube and Black Sea.