Regency
Appointed Regent
Historical events in 1543
212 historical records
January 15433 historical events
Marriage Alliance
Henry VIII seeks to marry Prince Edward to Mary, Queen of Scots, as a means of uniting the kingdoms.
Invasion of Scotland
Henry VIII proposes that Prince Edward should marry Mary, Queen of Scots, to unite the Tudor and Stuart lines.
February 15439 historical events
Alliance Anglo-Imperial alliance
An Anglo-Imperial alliance is completed against France
Alliance Henry VIII and Charles V
Completes an Anglo-Imperial alliance with Charles V against Francis I of France.
Alliance with Charles V
The agreement prepares coordinated pressure on Francis I.
Anglo-Imperial Alliance
Completes an alliance with Emperor Charles V against France.
French Peace Consultation Clause
Agrees with Charles V that neither ally will settle separately with France before communicating French proposals and answers to the other.
Imperial Alliance Against France
Concludes a twenty-five-article alliance with Charles V that restores Anglo-Imperial cooperation and prepares coordinated action against France.
Imperial Mutual Defence Clause
Agrees that attacks on specified English or Imperial territories will be treated as attacks on both allied rulers.
Joint Invasion of France Clause
Accepts an alliance article requiring both rulers to mount a major invasion of France within two years.
Joint Naval War Commitment
Promises coordinated naval forces with the emperor to operate against France after a formal declaration of war.
April 15435 historical events
Garter Appointment
Receives one of the monarchy's highest chivalric honours.
Order of the Garter
Is appointed a Knight of the Garter.
Dudley Sworn to Council
His council membership marks his rise to senior political influence.
Privy Council
Is sworn as a member of Henry VIII's Privy Council.
Invasion of Austria
Suleyman I the Magnificent invades Austria
May 15434 historical events
Death of Copernicus
His death coincides with publication of De revolutionibus.
Death of Nicolaus Copernicus
Dies at Frombork in the same year his major work appears.
Bible Reading Restricted by Statute
The Act for the Advancement of True Religion limits access to English scripture for some social groups and seeks to control unauthorised interpretation.
King's Book Published
The Necessary Doctrine and Erudition for Any Christian Man presents an authoritative and more conservative statement of religion under Henry VIII.
June 15434 historical events
Anglo-Imperial War Policy
Commits England to renewed conflict with Francis I.
Declaration of War
Declares war on France so that he can win the French throne
Declaration of War
Declares war on France as England joins the wider Habsburg-Valois conflict.
War with France
Declares war on France as part of his alliance with Charles V.
July 154332 historical events
Anglo-Scottish Marriage Treaty
The treaty proposes marriage between Prince Edward and Mary Queen of Scots.
Treaty of Greenwich
Agrees the Treaty of Greenwich with Scottish representatives.
Treaty of Greenwich
The Treaty of Greenwich agrees peace and proposes the marriage of Prince Edward to Mary, Queen of Scots.
Third Succession Act
Third Succession Act restores Mary to the succession after Edward
Treaty of Greenwich
England and Scotland sign treaties providing for peace and the future marriage of Prince Edward to Mary, Queen of Scots.
Invasion of Scotland
Henry VIII expects the Treaty of Greenwich to bring Scotland into a closer English political orbit.
Invasion of Scotland
The Treaty of Greenwich agrees peace and the future marriage of Prince Edward to Mary, Queen of Scots.
Treaty of Greenwich
Henry VIII uses the treaty to seek a dynastic union between England and Scotland.
Treaty of Greenwich
The Treaty of Greenwich is signed, proposing peace between England and Scotland.
Treaty of Greenwich
The agreement seeks to end conflict after the Scottish defeat at Solway Moss.
Treaty of Greenwich
The settlement is intended to bring Scotland into a closer English alliance after the death of James V.
Treaty of Greenwich
The treaty arranges the future marriage of Prince Edward to Mary, Queen of Scots.
Treaty of Greenwich
The treaty provides that Mary, Queen of Scots, will marry Henry VIII's son Edward when both are older.
Peace Agreement with England
Accepts the proposed marriage between Mary and Prince Edward.
Treaty of Greenwich
Agrees peace terms with England in the Treaty of Greenwich.
Betrothal to Prince Edward
The agreement seeks a dynastic union between England and Scotland.
Treaty of Greenwich
Is formally promised in marriage to Prince Edward under the Treaty of Greenwich.
Treaty of Greenwich
Henry secures the Treaty of Greenwich proposing marriage between Prince Edward and Mary, Queen of Scots, a settlement whose rejection helps trigger renewed invasion.
Marriage to Catherine Parr
Marries Catherine Parr at Hampton Court Palace.
Marriage
Marries Catherine Parr, 6th wife, widow of Lord Latimer
Sixth Marriage of Henry VIII
Takes Catherine Parr as his sixth and final wife.
Marriage
Marries Henry VIII, his 6th wife, she is the widow of Lord Latimer
Catherine Parr Becomes Queen
Becomes Henry VIII's sixth queen consort.
Marriage to Henry VIII
Marries Henry VIII in the Queen's Privy Closet at Hampton Court.
Treaty of Greenwich
Agrees to peace afte the marriage of Margaret & Edward. Agrees that Queen Mary will marry the Prince Edward at the age of 10
Treaty of Greenwich
The Earl of Arran concludes a Treaty betrothing Mary to Prince Edward
Guardian
Marches to Linlithgow to provide guardianship for Mary Queen of Scots
Guardian
Moves Mary to Stirling castle where she cannot be abducted by the English. Gathers a force of 7,000 at Stirling
Guardianship of Mary
Helps move Mary Queen of Scots to the security of Stirling Castle.
Mary Moved to Stirling
Protects the infant queen from possible English seizure.
Invasion of Scotland
The pro-French and Catholic faction around Cardinal Beaton opposes the English marriage policy.
Invasion of Scotland
Opposition to the English marriage grows among Scots who fear domination by Henry VIII.
August 154312 historical events
Treaty of Greenwich
Regent Arran ratifies the Treaty of Greenwich before Scottish opposition to the English marriage hardens.
Treaty of Greenwich
Regent Arran ratifies the Treaty of Greenwich before Scottish opposition to English influence grows.
Greenwich Treaty Ratified
His support for the English marriage policy soon collapses.
Treaty Ratification
Ratifies the Treaty of Greenwich before opposition strengthens.
Franco-Ottoman Fleet at Nice
Works with French forces against the Habsburg-aligned city.
Siege of Nice
Commands the Ottoman fleet during the combined attack on Nice.
Capture of Gran
Suleyman I the Magnificent captures Gran
Capture of Stuhlweissenber
Suleyman I the Magnificent captures Stuhlweissenberg
Attack on Nice
The operation demonstrates the active military alliance with Francis I.
Capture of Esztergom
Captures the fortress city of Esztergom during the Hungarian campaign.
Franco-Ottoman Campaign
Supports a combined Ottoman-French campaign against Habsburg-held Nice.
Ottoman Conquest of Gran
The conquest strengthens Ottoman control in central Hungary.
September 154310 historical events
Capture of Szekesfehervar
Captures Szekesfehervar after an Ottoman siege.
Ottoman Capture of Stuhlweissenburg
The former Hungarian coronation city falls to Suleyman's army.
Invasion of Scotland
Mary, Queen of Scots, is crowned at Stirling as Scottish leaders seek to protect her from English pressure.
Coronation
Is crowned Queen of Scots at Stirling Castle.
Mary Crowned at Stirling
Receives the Scottish crown at about nine months old.
Accusations against Cranmer
Opponents attempt to discredit his evangelical leadership in Canterbury.
Prebendaries Plot
Faces accusations from conservative clergy and gentry in the Prebendaries Plot.
Treaty of Greenwich
Opposition to the treaty increases among Scots who fear domination by Henry VIII.
Pro-French Policy
Aligns increasingly with the Catholic and pro-French faction.
Return to Catholic Policy
Moves away from his earlier pro-English religious and diplomatic policy.
October 15433 historical events
Treaty of Greenwich
The Treaty of Greenwich is nullified by the Earl of Arran
Ottoman Fleet at Toulon
Brings the Ottoman fleet to Toulon for the winter of 1543-1544.
Wintering at Toulon
The French port serves as a temporary Ottoman naval base.
November 15435 historical events
Marriage to Philip II
Marries Prince Philip of Spain, her first cousin.
Spanish-Portuguese Dynastic Marriage
The marriage links the Spanish and Portuguese royal houses.
Marriage
Marries Maria of Portugal, 1st of 4 wives
First Marriage of Philip II
The dynastic marriage strengthens ties between Spain and Portugal.
Marriage to Maria Manuela
Marries Maria Manuela of Portugal while still a teenage prince.
December 154333 historical events
Coronation
Crowned in Stirling castle at the age of 9 months
Scotland reverts to pro-French & Catholic policies
Scotland reverts to pro-French & Catholic policies after the escape of Cardinal Beaton
Scottish Policy Hardens
Turns increasingly toward coercion after the marriage treaty collapses.
Treaty of Greenwich Rejected
Receives news that Scotland has rejected the Greenwich settlement.
Treaty of Greenwich
The Scottish Parliament rejects the Treaty of Greenwich and the proposed marriage alliance with England.
Invasion of Scotland
The Scottish Parliament rejects the Treaty of Greenwich and the proposed Edward and Mary marriage.
Treaty of Greenwich
The Scottish Parliament rejects the Treaty of Greenwich and the proposed Edward and Mary marriage.
Treaty of Greenwich
The treaties of Greenwich are not ratified by Scotland
Treaty of Greenwich
Marie of Guise & the Scottish Parliament repudiate the Treaty of Greenwich
Alliance Scottish Parliament and France by approving a new Treaty
The Scottish Parliament renews its alliance with France by approving a new Treaty
Auld Alliance Renewed
Supports renewal of Scotland's traditional alliance with France.
French Alliance Restored
The Scottish Parliament reaffirms the French connection after rejecting Greenwich.
Declaration of War
War is declared by Henry in an attempt to force the Scots to agree to a marriage between Edward and the infant queen, thereby creating a new alliance between Scotland and England
Declaration of War
Henry VIII prepares war against Scotland after the rejection of the Greenwich marriage settlement.
Invasion of Scotland
Following it's break with Rome, England decided to attack Scotland, partly to destroy the Auld Alliance, and prevent Scotland being used as a springboard for future invasion by France.
Invasion of Scotland
The Rough Wooing is a war between Scotland and England.
Invasion of Scotland
partly to weaken Scotland, and partly to force Scotland to agree to a marriage alliance between its child Queen Mary and the English heir apparent Edward, son of King Henry VIII.
Delaration of War
War is declared by Henry in an attempt to force the Scots to agree to a marriage between Edward and the infant queen, thereby creating a new alliance between Scotland and England
Invasion of Scotland
Following it's break with Rome, England decided to attack Scotland, partly to destroy the Auld Alliance, and prevent Scotland being used as a springboard for future invasion by France.
Invasion of Scotland
The Rough Wooing is a war between Scotland and England.
Invasion of Scotland
partly to weaken Scotland, and partly to force Scotland to agree to a marriage alliance between its child Queen Mary and the English heir apparent Edward, son of King Henry VIII.
Invasion of Scotland
English policy shifts from negotiation to coercion after Scotland refuses the Greenwich settlement.
Invasion of Scotland
Henry VIII treats Scotland's rejection of the Treaty of Greenwich as a breach of the marriage settlement.
Invasion of Scotland
The renewal of Scottish links with France strengthens Henry VIII's fear of a hostile northern frontier.
Rough Wooing Begins
Prepares military action after Scotland rejects the marriage settlement.
Rough Wooing
Following it's break with Rome, England decided to attack Scotland, partly to destroy the Auld Alliance, and prevent Scotland being used as a springboard for future invasion by France, partly to weaken Scotland, and partly to force Scotland to agree to a marriage alliance between its child Queen Mary and the English heir apparent Edward, son of King Henry VIII
Rough Wooing
The Rough Wooing is a war between Scotland and England
Treaty of Greenwich
Henry VIII treats Scotland's rejection of the treaty as justification for renewed war and the Rough Wooing.
War against Scotland
The failed diplomacy develops into the conflict known as the Rough Wooing.
Treaty of Greenwich
Annulls the Treaty of Greenwich
Treaty of Greenwich
Appoints Mary & Beaton to the Regency Council & re-enters the Roman Church
Treaty of Greenwich
Persuaded by Cardinal Beaton to nullify the Treaty of Greenwich
Treaty Opposed
Mary opposes English plans to marry her daughter to Edward VI
De Humani Corporis Fabrica
Publishes De Humani Corporis Fabrica in Basel.
De Humani Corporis Fabrica
Publishes a detailed anatomical atlas based on human dissection.
Epitome Published
Publishes an illustrated Epitome alongside the larger Fabrica.
Fabrica Published
The anatomical atlas is based heavily on direct human dissection.
Galenic Errors Corrected
Uses direct observation to reshape the study of human anatomy.
Modern Human Anatomy
Corrects longstanding anatomical errors through direct observation of the body.
Modern Human Anatomy
Corrects numerous anatomical errors inherited from Galenic tradition.
Vesalius Student Epitome
The shorter work provides students with an accessible anatomical guide.
Imperial Court Physician
Enters the service of Emperor Charles V as a court physician.
Service to Charles V
His anatomical reputation brings him into Habsburg court service.
Great Chamberlain
Appointed Great Chamberlain
Privy Council
Appointed Member of Privy Council
Arrest of Howard
Arrested for annoying London citizens
Court Appointment
The office increases Seymour's standing at the Tudor court.
Great Chamberlain
Receives appointment as Great Chamberlain.
Privy Council
Becomes increasingly prominent in Henry VIII's Privy Council.
Seymour Political Advancement
His political position strengthens during the king's final years.
Advancement of True Religion Act
Supports legislation restricting unauthorized scripture reading by lower social ranks.
Alliance Agreement at Solway Moss
Releases Angus & 10 Lords captured at Solway Moss to secure a Scottish alliance. Agrees for Prince Edward to marry Mary Queen of Scots
Alliance Henry VIII and Scottish lords
Releases Angus & 10 Lords captured at Solway Moss to secure a Scottish alliance
Legislation
An Act forbids the laboring class to read scripture
Reform of Bible Use
An Act forbids the laboring class to read scripture
Restriction on Bible Reading
The Advancement of True Religion Act tightens control of religious reading.
Scripture
An Act forbids the laboring class to read scripture
Marshal in the Netherlands
Serves as marshal of English forces in the Netherlands.
Military Appointment
Takes a military role as England prepares for continental war.
Marshal
Appointed Marshal of the English Armies in The Netherlands
Secretary of Catherine Parr
Appointed Secretary to Catherine Parr
Tutor
Appointed Tutor to Prince Edward & Princess Elizabeth
Tutor
Appointed Tutor to Prince Edward & Princess Elizabeth
Tutor
Appointed Tutor to Prince Edward & Princess Elizabeth
Advancement of True Religion Act Passed
Parliament restricts Bible reading by social status and seeks to control unauthorised religious interpretation during Henry's conservative reaction.
Reballion of Rebels in Kent
The Prebendaries plot in Kent is supports grass-roots Reformation
Reformation, The
The Prebendaries plot in Kent is supports grass-roots Reformation
Second Laws in Wales Act Passed
Parliament completes further administrative and judicial arrangements for Wales within the unified legal structure created under Henry VIII.
Unification
An Act of Parliament extends all English law to Wales
War with France
Prepares for renewed war with France while also pursuing the Rough Wooing against Scotland.
Royal Household
Develops close relationships with Henry VIII's children.
Tudor Family Reconciliation
Encourages a more united Tudor royal household.
Master of Arts and Fellowship
Foxe proceeds Master of Arts and holds a fellowship at Magdalen College.
Bishop of Worcester
Becomes Bishop of Worcester during Henry VIII's reign.
Bishop
Appointed Bishop of Worcester
Worcester Appointment
Takes charge of the Worcester diocese in 1543.
Protestant Suspicion
Is watched because of his evangelical opinions.
Scriptural Preaching
Supports preaching shaped by scripture and Protestant learning.
Prebendaries Plot Defeated
Royal support prevents his enemies from removing him from office.
Royal Protection
Retains Henry VIII's confidence despite accusations of heresy.
King's Book
Authorizes the doctrinal statement commonly called the King's Book.
Necessary Doctrine and Erudition
The publication presents a conservative statement of official English religion.
Rough Wooing
The proposed marriage between Edward and Mary, Queen of Scots, becomes central to the conflict later known as the Rough Wooing.
Invasion of Scotland
A period of "rough wooing" is marked by a 2 day burning of Edinburgh
Rough Wooing
A period of "rough wooing" is marked by a 2 day burning of Edinburgh
Siege of Edinburgh
A period of "rough wooing" is marked by a 2 day burning of Edinburgh
Siege of Edinburgh
The Abbey & Holyrood are sacked. A period of "rough wooing" is marked by a 2 day burning of Edinburgh
Siege of Holyrood
The Abbey & Holyrood are sacked
Reballion of Rebels in Kent
The Prebendaries plot in Kent is supports grass-roots Reformation
Reformation, The
The Prebendaries plot in Kent is supports grass-roots Reformation
Lord High Admiral
Is appointed Lord High Admiral of England.
Naval Command
Becomes one of Henry VIII's principal military officeholders.
Opposition to English Marriage
Opposes Henry VIII's plan to marry her daughter to Prince Edward.
Treaty of Greenwich Opposed
Supports the faction resisting English control of Scotland.
Birth of Henry II
Born to Francis I & Catherine de Medici
Copernican System
Outlines the Copernican system of the solar system
On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres
Publication of "On The Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres"
Copernican Model
His published model challenges the traditional geocentric arrangement.
Heliocentric System
Places Earth among the planets moving around the Sun.
Alliance David Beaton and France
Renews the alliance with France
Chancellor
Appointed Chancellor of Scotland
Beaton Political Leadership
Uses his office to strengthen the Catholic and pro-French faction.
Chancellor of Scotland
Becomes Chancellor of Scotland and a leading opponent of English policy.
Arrest of David Beaton
Releases David Beaton from prison
Dynastic Marriage Negotiations
Becomes a Catholic and joins the pro-French faction, consenting to the marriage of the Queen to the French Dauphin, later Francis II
Marriage
Involved in negotiating the marriage of the Queen of Scots to the infant Prince Edward (the future Edward VI). Becomes a Catholic and joins the pro-French faction, consenting to the marriage of the Queen to the French Dauphin, later Francis II
Marriage
Marries Elizabeth, daughter of James Douglas, 3rd Earl of Morton
Privy Seal
Appointed Keeper of the Privy Seal, virtual ruler of Scotland
Catholic Opposition
Opposes policies that could place Scotland under Henry VIII's influence.
Opposition to Treaty of Greenwich
Leads Catholic resistance to the proposed English marriage alliance.
Habsburg Government Training
His father prepares him for eventual succession to Habsburg rule.
Political Apprenticeship
Begins exercising substantial authority in the Spanish kingdoms.
Philip Given Government Responsibilities
Begins practical training in ruling the Spanish monarchy.
Regency of Spain
Receives major governing responsibilities in Spain from Charles V.
Marriage
Marries Phillip II
Basel Anatomy Publication
His press produces one of the century's most influential medical books.
Printing of Vesalius Fabrica
Prints the first edition of Vesalius's Fabrica in Basel.
Birth of Sonam Gyatso
Sonam Gyatso, later known as the third Dalai Lama, is born.
Birth of Sonam Gyatso
Is born at Tolung near Lhasa in 1543.
Third Dalai Lama Born
Later becomes the first person formally granted the title Dalai Lama.
Capture of Nice
The Turks capture Nice
Capture of Palamos
The Turks capture Palamos
Capture of Rosas
The Turks capture Rosas
Hungarian Campaign
Leads another major campaign to consolidate Ottoman power in Hungary.
Ottoman Advance in Hungary
His forces capture important fortresses west of Buda.