1544
Appointment of John Cheke
John Cheke is summoned from Cambridge to help educate Prince Edward in languages, scripture, philosophy and the liberal sciences.
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Browse historical records dated to 1544. Records are rendered from the World History Database into this page's initial HTML.
John Cheke is summoned from Cambridge to help educate Prince Edward in languages, scripture, philosophy and the liberal sciences.
Hertford's army lands at Leith during the punitive expedition ordered by Henry VIII.
Edward Seymour, Earl of Hertford, lands at Leith with an English expeditionary force during the Rough Wooing.
English forces take Leith as the expedition advances toward Edinburgh.
English forces sack and burn Edinburgh as part of Henry VIII's Rough Wooing policy.
Edward Seymour, Earl of Hertford, sacks and burns Edinburgh during the Rough Wooing.
English forces sack and burn Edinburgh during the Rough Wooing.
Holyrood Abbey and nearby buildings suffer destruction during Hertford's raid.
The destruction of Edinburgh becomes one of the most notorious actions of Henry VIII's Rough Wooing.
The raid is intended to punish Scotland for rejecting the Treaty of Greenwich and the proposed Edward and Mary marriage.
Holyrood Abbey and buildings around the abbey are damaged during Hertford's raid.
Edward Seymour, Earl of Hertford, commands the English expedition that lands at Leith.
Hertford's army enters Edinburgh during Henry VIII's punitive campaign against Scotland.
Hertford's troops damage Holyrood and nearby religious buildings during the attack on Edinburgh.
Hertford withdraws after devastating Edinburgh, Leith and nearby settlements.
Boulogne falls to Henry VIII and becomes an English possession on the French coast.
Clinton helps Henry VIII capture Boulogne-sur-Mer
Henry VIII besieges & takes Boulogne-sur-Mer, his only success in the French campaign
English forces capture Boulogne-sur-Mer during Henry VIII's war with France.
Involved in negotiating the surrender of the French town of Hardelot
Seymour captures & burns Leith
Henry VIIIs Eighth Parliament closes. Delivers a speech in Parliament for religious unity & ends the Parliamentary session
Mary faces English attacks during the Rough Wooing
Francis I promises help against the Protestant Estates of the Empire & gives up Naples
The Imperial Army of Charles V is defeated by the French south of Turin
Suleyman I the Magnificent makes peace with Ferdinand. Suleyman I the Magnificent gives up plans to invade Austria
English forces gather in the Pale of Calais for a two-pronged campaign against France.
Orders Norfolk toward Montreuil and Suffolk toward Boulogne during the French campaign.
Henry VIII crosses the Channel with an invasion force during the renewed war against France.
Henry VIII besieges & takes Boulogne-sur-Mer, his only success in the French campaign
Henry VIII issues instructions blaming Cardinal Beaton and Scottish opponents of the marriage alliance.
Edward Seymour, Lord Hertford, gathers English forces for the invasion of southern Scotland.
Hertford's expedition lands at Leith to punish Scotland for rejecting Henry VIII's marriage policy.
The burning of Edinburgh is intended to force Scotland to accept the Edward and Mary marriage.
The invasion is designed to intimidate Scottish political leaders and weaken resistance to English terms.
Parliament confirms Henry VIII's royal style including King of Ireland, Defender of the Faith and Supreme Head of the Church of England and Ireland.
Parliament confirms Henry VIII's style as Defender of the Faith and Supreme Head of the Church of England and Ireland.
The King's Style Act makes it treason to attempt to deprive Henry VIII of his royal titles and religious style.
Issues the Laetare Jerusalem summoning a general council to unite against Turkey
Francis I promises help against the Protestant Estates of the Empire & gives up Naples. Charles V returns Burgundy
France is defeated & Francis is forced to send a representitive to a council
Suleyman I the Magnificent makes peace with Ferdinand
Resigns the Great Seal
Henry VIII leaves France after ordering Boulogne to be held against French counter-attack.
The Privy Council issues instructions for Hertford's punitive expedition against Scotland.
Under the Treaty of Crespy Charles V renounces his claim to Burgundy
Keeps Under the terms of the Peace of Crespy Charles V keeps Milan
Under the Peace of Crespy Francis I gives up Naples
The Duke of Suffolk begins the English siege of Boulogne-sur-Mer.
English artillery bombards Boulogne as Henry VIII takes personal command of the siege.
The French garrison agrees to surrender after English mining and bombardment breach the defences.
A French assault nearly retakes Boulogne but is repulsed by the English garrison.
Clinton helps Henry VIII capture Boulogne-sur-Mer
Henry VIII besieges & takes Boulogne-sur-Mer, his only success in the French campaign
Henry joins his troops in Calais
Major hostilities begin with an attack on Edinburgh, led by the Earl of Hertford and Viscount Lisle
Major hostilities began with an attack on Edinburgh, led by the Earl of Hertford and Viscount Lisle. Hertford had instructions to burn Edinburgh and issue Henry's proclamation of 24 March 1544, which laid the blame on Cardinal Beaton's "sinister enticement" of Regent Arran
The troops entered Edinburgh's Canongate, and set the city on fire. Edinburgh Castle was defended by cannon fire commanding the Royal Mile. Hertford decided not to lay siege but thoroughly burn the city. According to the English contemporary account, all the houses within the suburbs and city walls were burnt including Holyroodhouse and the Abbey
Involved in negotiating the surrender of the French town of Hardelot
Seymour captures & burns Leith
The troops of Mary of Guise & the Earl of Arran make a stand against the English
Norfolk's army begins operations against Montreuil but fails to take the town.
Charles V is joined by English troops in his assault on Paris
Elizabeth is restored to the line of succession after Mary, without reversing her illegitimacy.
Mary is restored to the line of succession after Edward, without reversing her illegitimacy.
The Act places Prince Edward first in the line of succession as Henry VIII's male heir.
The Third Succession Act receives royal assent, revising the Tudor succession settlement.
The Treason Act allows treasons committed outside the king's dominions to be tried within England.
Charles V makes separate peace with France, leaving Henry VIII isolated in the war.
Ends The Treaty of Crespy ends the Schmalkaldic wars. Charles V renounces his claim to Burgundy but keeps Milan
Birth of Francis II
Death of Thomas Audley, 1st Baron Audley of Walden
The Imperial Army of Charles V is defeated by the French south of Turin
Forces of Regent Arran defeat supporters of Lennox and Glencairn who favour the English marriage policy.
The troops of Mary of Guise & the Earl of Arran make a stand against the English
The troops of Mary of Guise & the Earl of Arran make a stand against the English
The troops of Mary of Guise & the Earl of Arran make a stand against the English
Provenance
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