Fleet in Firth of Forth
Lands at Forth & sails for the communication line between Leith & the French
Historical events in 1560
212 historical records
January 15605 historical events
Cardinal Created
Charles Borromeo becomes a cardinal under Pope Pius IV
Charles Borromeo Promoted
Pius IV promotes his nephew Charles Borromeo to the cardinalate
Alliance Thomas Howard and Scottish Lords
Forces the French to leave the Forth
Fleet in Firth of Forth
Clinton supports operations against French supply lines near Leith
February 156016 historical events
Alliance Thomas Howard Norfolk, 3rd and Scottish Lords
Concludes an alliance with the Scottish Lords
Marriage
Elizabeth takes over the protection of Scotland during Marys marriage with the Dauphin
Alliance Elizabeth I and Scotland
Allows Elizabeth to protect Scotland
Coup
The English try to help Scottish Protestant Lords overthrow the Catholic Mary of Guise
Berwick Policy
Norfolk's Treaty of Berwick leads to English intervention before Edinburgh settlement
Treaty of Berwick
Norfolk negotiates terms with the Scottish Lords of the Congregation
Treaty of Berwick
Cecil helps shape English policy supporting the Scottish Protestant lords
English Intervention in Scotland
The Scots provide a force for an invasion of Scotland by France
Treaty of Berwick
Elizabeth authorizes support for the Scottish Lords of the Congregation
Treaty of Berwick
The English try to help Scottish Protestant Lords overthrow the Catholic Mary of Guise. England agrees to send Scotland support to preserve "their old freedom & liberty". Concludes an anti French Treaty with the Scottish Lords of the Congregation
Treaty of Berwick
Elizabeth allies with the Scottish Lords of the Congregation at Berwick, authorising English military intervention to remove French forces from Scotland.
Treaty of Berwick Opposed
Mary of Guise opposes the English alliance with the Lords of the Congregation
Treaty of Berwick
Signed by Lord James & Norfolk, England can intervene to help the "reformers"
Treaty of Berwick
England agrees to send Scotland support to preserve "their old freedom & liberty"
Bishop of Winchester
Horne is appointed Bishop of Winchester under the Elizabethan settlement
Milan Administration
Borromeo receives responsibility for the archdiocese of Milan
March 156013 historical events
France Antarctique Weakened
Portuguese attack weakens the French colonial project in Brazil
Fort Coligny Captured
Portuguese forces capture the French fort in Guanabara Bay
Death of La Renaudie
Jean du Barry seigneur de la Renaudie is killed during the Amboise conspiracy
English Army Enters Scotland
Grey leads English forces into Scotland against French troops at Leith
English Army at Prestonpans
Lord Grey is ordered to send the Army to join the Scots against the French
English Intervention
Elizabeth commits forces to aid Scottish Protestants against French influence
Northern Command
Norfolk coordinates English military support from the northern border
Amboise Conspiracy Suppressed
Guise helps suppress the Amboise conspiracy against royal government
Amboise Conspiracy Suppressed
Guise helps suppress the Amboise conspiracy against the royal government
Amboise Conspiracy
Conspiracy seeks to remove Guise influence from the young king
Guise Government Defended
Cardinal of Lorraine defends Guise influence during the Amboise crisis
Personal Rule Begins
Akbar ends Bairam Khan's regency and begins exercising direct personal authority over the Mughal Empire.
English Army Enters Scotland
Grey leads Elizabeth's army across the border into Scotland, beginning a major intervention aimed at forcing the French garrison from Leith.
April 15604 historical events
Siege of Leith
Grey's English army and its Scottish allies begin siege operations against the fortified French position at Leith.
Siege of Leith Begins
English and Scottish Protestant forces begin formal operations against Leith
French Garrison Holds Leith
Mary of Guise relies on French troops defending Leith against English and Scottish forces
Siege of Leith
Mary of Guise relies on French troops besieged by English and Scottish Protestant forces
May 156010 historical events
Assault on Leith
English assault on Leith fails with heavy casualties
Leith Assault Fails
Elizabeth's forces suffer a costly failure during the assault on Leith
Failed Assault on Leith
Grey orders a major assault on Leith that is repulsed with heavy English losses, forcing the besiegers to continue pressure rather than storm the town.
Battle of Djerba
Doria withdraws after the Ottoman attack on the Christian fleet
Battle of Djerba
Medinaceli's expedition is defeated by the Ottoman fleet
Battle of Djerba
Spanish-led Christian forces suffer a major naval defeat at Djerba
Battle of Djerba
Piyale Pasha defeats a Christian naval coalition near Djerba
Battle of Djerba
Turgut Reis supports the Ottoman victory at Djerba
Chancellor Appointed
L'Hospital becomes Chancellor and supports a policy of moderation
Battle of Djerba
Ottoman forces confront a Christian fleet near Djerba
June 15608 historical events
Death before Treaty
Mary of Guise dies before the Treaty of Edinburgh is concluded
Death of Mary of Guise
Mary of Guise dies as the siege and political crisis continue
Death of Mary of Guise
Mary of Guise dies during the crisis of the Scottish Reformation
Death at Okehazama
Yoshimoto is killed during Nobunaga's surprise attack
Battle of Okehazama
Nobunaga defeats the larger army of Imagawa Yoshimoto
Marriage
Marries Elizabeth of Valois, daughter of Henry II of France
Return to Okazaki
Motoyasu returns to Mikawa after Imagawa power collapses
Owari Secured after Okehazama
Nobunaga strengthens control of Owari after victory at Okehazama
July 156052 historical events
Calais Reservation
Cecil protects Elizabeth's claim over Calais while accepting Scottish peace terms
Cateau Cambresis Confirmed
The treaty preserves peace between England and France after Cateau Cambresis
English Commissioner
Wotton serves as an English commissioner for the Treaty of Edinburgh
Council of Twelve Clause
Cecil supports arrangements for Scottish government by a council of nobles
Alliance with Scottish Lords
The settlement confirms England's new understanding with Protestant Scottish lords
Edinburgh Scottish Settlement
Helps negotiate a settlement reducing French military influence in Scotland and strengthening the position of the Protestant Scottish lords.
Edinburgh English Crown Recognition
Obtains treaty provisions intended to prevent Francis II and Mary, Queen of Scots, from maintaining claims represented by the English royal arms.
Edinburgh Foreign Troop Withdrawal
Secures an agreement requiring French and English forces to withdraw from Scotland after the collapse of French control there.
Mary Stuart Arms Clause
Treaty terms require Francis and Mary to stop using English royal arms
Leith Operations End
English military operations end under the Edinburgh settlement
Treaty Drafting
Cecil helps shape the treaty terms for withdrawal of foreign forces
Treaty of Edinburgh
Cecil secures terms requiring French troops to leave Scotland
Intervention Ends
Elizabeth ends the Scottish intervention once French troops agree to depart
Treaty of Edinburgh
Elizabeth's commissioners agree terms ending English and French intervention in Scotland
Treaty of Edinburgh
Treaty of Edinburgh ends English and French intervention in Scotland
Treaty of Edinburgh
Under the Treaty of Edinburgh Francis & Mary recognize Elizabeth I. France & England will not interfere & hand over Government to a Scottish Council of 12. English & French troops will withdraw from Scotland. Confirms the Treaty of Cateau Cambresis
Treaty of Edinburgh
French representatives accept terms for withdrawal from Scotland
Auld Alliance Weakened
The treaty sharply reduces French political and military influence in Scotland
Treaty of Edinburgh
Elizabeth's representatives agree the Treaty of Edinburgh, providing for French and English forces to leave Scotland and ending the intervention around Leith.
French Commissioner
Monluc helps negotiate French withdrawal from Scotland
French Commissioner
La Brosse participates in French negotiations at Edinburgh
French Withdrawal
French representatives agree to withdraw troops from Scotland
Treaty of Edinburgh
Glencairn supports the treaty settlement made by the Protestant lords
Treaty Support
Rothes supports the Lords of the Congregation during the treaty settlement
Treaty of Edinburgh
Argyll supports the settlement that removes French troops from Scotland
Treaty of Edinburgh
James Stewart supports peace terms ending French military control
Treaty of Edinburgh
James Stewart supports treaty terms ending French military control
Treaty of Edinburgh
Ruthven backs terms ending French regency military power
Treaty Support
Haliburton represents burgh support for the Protestant settlement
Treaty Negotiation
Maitland helps secure terms between England France and the Scottish lords
Treaty of Edinburgh
Maitland supports settlement between England France and the Scottish lords
Treaty of Edinburgh
French commissioners act for Francis II in making peace terms
English Arms Clause
Treaty requires Mary and Francis to cease bearing the arms of England
Treaty of Edinburgh
Treaty asks Mary and Francis to stop using English royal arms
Treaty of Edinburgh
Treaty terms are made in Mary's name but she later refuses ratification
Treaty of Edinburgh
Under the Treaty of Edinburgh Francis & Mary recognize Elizabeth I. English & French troops will withdraw from Scotland
English Withdrawal from Leith
Grey withdraws English troops after the peace settlement
English Withdrawal
English troops withdraw after the Treaty of Edinburgh
English Intervention in Scotland
The English army withdraws from Scotland
Foreign Troop Withdrawal
Elizabeth's forces withdraw after the treaty requires foreign troops to leave Scotland
French Withdrawal from Leith
Argyll's party benefits as French troops leave Leith
Surrender of Djerba Fortress
The Christian fortress on Djerba surrenders to Ottoman forces
Treaty Acceptance with Reservations
Elizabeth accepts settlement while remaining cautious over Calais and Mary Stuart's claims
Scottish Diplomacy
Randolph continues English diplomatic work in Scotland after the treaty
Scottish Policy
Knollys supports council policy after the treaty settlement in Scotland
Treaty Ratification Withheld
Elizabeth withholds ratification because Mary and Francis do not renounce English arms
Post Treaty Planning
Cecil briefs the Privy Council on the consequences of the Edinburgh settlement
Fleet Withdrawal
English naval forces prepare to leave Scottish waters after the treaty
Protestant Lords Strengthened
Argyll and other Protestant lords gain power after French withdrawal
Council of Twelve
Scottish government is to be placed in the hands of a council of nobles
Reformation Settlement
Knox's party gains strength after the treaty removes French troops
Council Settlement
Maitland supports government by a council after the treaty
August 156019 historical events
Battle of Ergeme
Kettler's order suffers a serious defeat during the Livonian War
Battle of Ergeme
Russian forces defeat the Livonian Order at Ergeme
Reform of Parliament
The Scottish Parliament promulgates a Protestant confession of faith
Mass
The Scottish Parliament prohibits Mass, under pain of death for a 3rd offence
Reform of Parliament
The Scottish Parliament prohibits Mass, under pain of death for a 3rd offence. The Scottish Parliament abolishes the Popes jurisdiction
Scots Confession Approved
Scottish Parliament approves a Protestant confession of faith in Mary's absence
Captured at Fellin
Furstenberg is captured when Russian forces take Fellin
Capture of Fellin
Russian forces capture Fellin during the Livonian War
Mass Prohibited
Scottish Parliament prohibits the Mass under the Protestant settlement
Papal Jurisdiction Rejected
Reformation Parliament rejects papal jurisdiction in Scotland
Parliament
The Scottish Parliament carries out the Scottish Reformation
Reform of Parliament
The Scottish Parliament carries out the Scottish Reformation. Elizabeth I is made Protector of the Scottish Church
Reformation, The
The Scottish Parliament carries out the Scottish Reformation
Fontainebleau Petition
Coligny presents Protestant grievances at the Assembly of Notables
Parliament
The Scottish Parliament carries out the Scottish Reformation
Reform of Parliament
The Scottish Parliament carries out the Scottish Reformation. Elizabeth I is made Protector
Scots Confession Drafted
Knox helps draft the Scots Confession for the Reformation Parliament
Scottish Reformation Parliament
After the treaty the Scottish Parliament proceeds with Protestant reform
Siege of Leith
English troops besiege Leith, held by the queen regent, in aid of the "reformers"
September 156012 historical events
Death of Amy Robsart
Dudley's wife Amy Robsart dies after falling down stairs
Death of Robert Dudley
Dudleys wife dies under suspicious circumstances
Scandal
An inquest says Dudleys wifes death was accidental
Suicide
An inquest says Dudleys wifes death was accidental
Death of Elizabeth I
Announces the death of Dudleys wife
Suicide
Possible suicide caused by Dudleys advances to Elizabeth
Death of Francis Talbot
Death of Francis Talbot, 5th Earl of Shrewsbury
Accession
Erik XIV succeeds Gustav I as King of Sweden
Death of Gustav I
Gustav I dies after founding the hereditary Vasa monarchy
Inquest into Amy Robsart
Inquest finds Amy Robsart's death accidental
Dudley Becomes Free to Remarry
Amy Dudley's death leaves Robert Dudley free to marry, intensifying discussion of whether Elizabeth might choose him and produce a direct heir.
Dudley Scandal
Amy Robsart's death damages prospects for any marriage between Elizabeth and Dudley
October 15603 historical events
Arrest of Conde
Louis Prince of Conde is arrested on suspicion of leading the Amboise conspiracy
Arrest of Louis I de Bourbon
Louis Prince of Conde is arrested on suspicion of leading the Amboise conspiracy
Trial
Sentenced to death for his part in the Conspiracy of Amboise
November 15603 historical events
Death Sentence
Conde is sentenced to death before Francis II dies
Council of Trent Recalled
Pius IV issues a bull recalling the Council of Trent
Catherine Grey Secretly Marries Hertford
Catherine Grey secretly marries Edward Seymour without royal permission, a serious political act because Henry VIII's settlement placed her line near the succession.
December 156014 historical events
Arrest of Louis I de Bourbon
The King dies & Louis death sentence is commuted, the Queen Mother needs his support
Conde Reprieved
Francis II's death prevents Conde's execution and changes the political balance
Regency Begins
Catherine de Medici becomes regent for the young Charles IX
Accession
Charles IX succeeds Francis II as King of France
Death of Francis II
Francis II dies after a short reign dominated by Guise influence
Amboise Conspiracy
The "Amboise conspiracy", or "Tumult of Amboise", the attempt on the part of a group of disaffected nobles (led by Jean du Barry, seigneur de la Renaudie) to abduct the young king and eliminate the Guise faction, is foiled
Tumult of Amboise
The "Amboise conspiracy", or "Tumult of Amboise", the attempt on the part of a group of disaffected nobles (led by Jean du Barry, seigneur de la Renaudie) to abduct the young king and eliminate the Guise faction, is foiled
Widowed in France
Mary of Scots is widowed by the death of Francis II
Secret Marriage
Katherine Grey secretly marries Edward Seymour without royal permission
Secret Marriage
Seymour secretly marries Lady Katherine Grey
Retires from Court
Guise influence declines after the death of Francis II
Succession
After the accession of Charles IX, Francois de Guise lives in retirement on his estates
First Book of Discipline
Knox and other ministers prepare a plan for the reformed Scottish kirk
Reformed Kirk Organized
Knox helps organize the emerging Protestant Church of Scotland
Alliance Agreement with England
Scottish Lords want Arran to marry Elizabeth. Scottish Lords propose alliance with England
Alliance Scottish Lords and England
Scottish Lords propose alliance with England
Marriage
Scottish Lords want Arran to marry Elizabeth
Recognition of Elizabeth as Queen of England
Scotland recognizes Elizabeth as Queen of England
Royal Occasion
Attends a mock naval Battle held in Deptford
Marriage
Secretly marries Lady Catherine Grey, sister of Lady Jane Grey
Peerage
Created Earl of Shrewsbury, 6th
Elizabethan Episcopal Succession Rebuilt
Parker participates in consecrating new bishops to replace Marian prelates who reject the royal supremacy and revised liturgy.
Arran Marriage Proposal
Elizabeth receives proposals linking her marriage to Scottish Protestant policy
Refuses Scottish Marriage Scheme
Elizabeth avoids commitment to the Arran marriage proposal
Succession
Succeeds as Queen of England
Episcopal Settlement
Parker continues organizing the restored Protestant episcopate
London Diocese Reform
Grindal works to enforce Elizabethan religious reform in London
Bishop
Appointed Bishop of Winchester
Bishop
Appointed Bishop of Lincoln
Treaty of Edinburgh
Elizabeth is rejects the Treaty because France does not recognise Calais as English
Treaty of Edinburgh
The French agree to leave Scotland. Secures the Treaty of Edinburgh with the French
Siege of Leith
French forces are starved into submission at Leith
Plot
Plots to capture Francis II, believes his elder brother should be Regent
Amboise Conspiracy
The "Amboise conspiracy", or "Tumult of Amboise", the attempt on the part of a group of disaffected nobles (led by Jean du Barry.
Amboise Conspiracy
The Guise brothers suspected Louis I de Bourbon, prince de Cond‚ of leading the plot, and he was arrested but eventually freed for lack of evidence, adding to the tensions of the period.
Amboise Conspiracy
seigneur de la Renaudie) to abduct the young king and eliminate the Guise faction, is foiled.
Regency
Appointed Regent for her son Charles IX
Succession
Charles IX, succeeds as King of France, a Kingdom ruled by his mother Catherine de Medici
Tumult of Amboise
The "Amboise conspiracy", or "Tumult of Amboise", the attempt on the part of a group of disaffected nobles (led by Jean du Barry, seigneur de la Renaudie) to abduct the young king and eliminate the Guise faction, is foiled
Succession
Charles IX, succeeds as King of France, a Kingdom ruled by his mother Catherine de Medici
Amboise Conspiracy
The "Amboise conspiracy", or "Tumult of Amboise", the attempt on the part of a group of disaffected nobles (led by Jean du Barry, seigneur de la Renaudie) to abduct the young king and eliminate the Guise faction, is foiled
Tumult of Amboise
The "Amboise conspiracy", or "Tumult of Amboise", the attempt on the part of a group of disaffected nobles (led by Jean du Barry, seigneur de la Renaudie) to abduct the young king and eliminate the Guise faction, is foiled
Amboise Conspiracy
The "Amboise conspiracy", or "Tumult of Amboise", the attempt on the part of a group of disaffected nobles (led by Jean du Barry, seigneur de la Renaudie) to abduct the young king and eliminate the Guise faction, is foiled
Tumult of Amboise
The "Amboise conspiracy", or "Tumult of Amboise", the attempt on the part of a group of disaffected nobles (led by Jean du Barry, seigneur de la Renaudie) to abduct the young king and eliminate the Guise faction, is foiled
Bishop
Appointed Bishop of Nicastro
Invention of Camera Obscura
Invents the Camera obscura
Unification of Owari
Defeats Yoshimoto & subjugates Owari Province
Baltic Policy
Sigismund II Augustus watches the Livonian crisis as a Baltic security threat
Livonian Diplomacy
Poland-Lithuania increases involvement as Livonia collapses under Russian pressure
Birth of Jan Chodkiewicz
Birth of Jan Chodkiewicz
St Basils Cathedral
Ivan IV (the Terrible) builds St. Basils Cathedral, Red Square, Moscow; painted onion domes become symbol of Russia, epitome of Russo-Byzantine architecture
Livonian Campaign
Russian forces continue attacks on the Livonian Confederation
Meeting with Mary Queen of Scots
Meets Mary Queen of Scots
Death of James Hamilton
When Francis II dies Hamilton attempts, without success, to arrange for his son James to marry the young widowed Queen Mary
Marriage
When Francis II dies Hamilton attempts, without success, to arrange for his son James to marry the young widowed Queen Mary
Marriage
Marries Anna Throndsson in Denmark
Coup
Brands Mary a "Scottish whore" & from the pulpit of St Giles calls for her overthrow
Election
Preaches full equality & election of ministers by their congregation
Reballion of Rebels in St Giles
Brands Mary a "Scottish whore" & from the pulpit of St Giles calls for her overthrow
Reform of Royal Succession
Preaches full equality & election of ministers by their congregation. Draws up a code for the organisation of the Church
Marriage Proposal to Elizabeth
Scottish Protestants promote Arran as a possible husband for Elizabeth I
Capture of Edinburgh
Recaptures Edinburgh with English help
English Intervention in Scotland
French forces are starved into submission at Leith
Siege of Leith
French forces are starved into submission at Leith
Succession
Succeeds as King of Sweden
Bayezid Pursued
Suleyman pursues Prince Bayezid after the Ottoman succession struggle
Battle of Djerba
The Turks capture Djerba