1581, January ยท England ยท Westminster ยท House ยท House of Tudor ยท John Popham
John Popham Chosen Speaker
John Popham becomes Speaker as Parliament adopts stronger legislation against Catholic missionary activity and recusancy.
April 15811 historical events
1581, April 28th ยท England ยท London ยท House ยท House of Tudor ยท Alexander Briant
Alexander Briant Arrested
Alexander Briant is arrested because authorities suspect he can provide information about Catholic missionary networks and Edmund Campion.
June 15814 historical events
1581, June 2nd ยท Scotland ยท Warfare ยท England War ยท Archibald Douglas Angus, 8th
Treason
Defends Morton, makes a vain attempt to rescue him, and is declared guilty of high treason
1581, June 2nd ยท Scotland ยท Warfare ยท England War ยท Archibald Douglas Angus, 8th
Trial
Defends Morton, makes a vain attempt to rescue him, and is declared guilty of high treason
1581, June 11th ยท England ยท London ยท House ยท House of Tudor ยท Francis Walsingham
Anjou Sovereignty Safeguards
Participates in negotiations that restrict Anjou's authority, protect English offices and laws, and prevent the proposed marriage from subordinating England to foreign interests.
1581, June 11th ยท England ยท London ยท House ยท House of Tudor ยท Elizabeth I
Anjou Marriage Contract Drafted
Approves detailed marriage articles with Francis, Duke of Anjou, while reserving a final decision on whether the marriage will actually proceed.
July 15814 historical events
1581, July 17th ยท England ยท Lyford Grange ยท House ยท House of Tudor ยท Edmund Campion
Edmund Campion Captured at Lyford Grange
Edmund Campion is captured after priest hunters discover him at Lyford Grange, ending more than a year of clandestine Jesuit missionary work.
1581, July 31st ยท England ยท Tyburn ยท House ยท House of Tudor ยท Everard Hanse
Execution of Everard Hanse
Everard Hanse is executed for exercising Catholic priesthood and denying the queen's religious supremacy.
1581, July ยท Scotland ยท Warfare ยท England War ยท Archibald Douglas Angus, 8th
Execution of Morton
Enters into correspondence with the English Government for an invasion of Scotland to rescue Morton, and on the latters execution goes to London, where he is welcomed by Queen Elizabeth
1581, July ยท Scotland ยท Warfare ยท England War ยท Archibald Douglas Angus, 8th
Invasion of Scotland
Enters into correspondence with the English Government for an invasion of Scotland to rescue Morton, and on the latters execution goes to London, where he is welcomed by Queen Elizabeth
October 15811 historical events
1581, October ยท England ยท House ยท House of Tudor ยท Elizabeth I
Marriage
Alencon arrives in England after Elizabeth has a marriage contract drawn up
November 15811 historical events
1581, November 22nd ยท England ยท House ยท House of Tudor ยท Elizabeth I
Marriage
Elizabeth I publicy announces "the Duke of Alencon shall be my husband"
December 15818 historical events
1581, December 1st ยท England ยท Tyburn ยท House ยท House of Tudor ยท St Edmund Campion
Death of St Edmund Campion
Death of St Edmund Campion, executed
1581, December 1st ยท England ยท Tyburn ยท House ยท House of Tudor ยท St Edmund Campion
Execution of Campion
Executed after being falsely implicated in a plot against Elizabeth I
1581, December 1st ยท England ยท Tyburn ยท House ยท House of Tudor ยท St Edmund Campion
Plot
Executed after being falsely implicated in a plot against Elizabeth I
1581, December 1st ยท England ยท Tyburn ยท House ยท House of Tudor ยท Alexander Briant
Execution of Alexander Briant
Alexander Briant is executed after conviction for alleged treason linked to Catholic missionary work and Jesuit association.
1581, December 1st ยท England ยท Tyburn ยท House ยท House of Tudor ยท Ralph Sherwin
Execution of Ralph Sherwin
Ralph Sherwin is executed after conviction for alleged treason arising from Catholic missionary activity in England.
1581, December 1st ยท England ยท Tyburn ยท House ยท House of Tudor ยท Elizabeth I
Execution of Campion
St Edmund Campion is executed when falsely implicated in a plot against Elizabeth I
1581, December ยท England ยท House ยท House of Tudor ยท Elizabeth I
Diplomatic Negotiations
Elizabeth toys with Alencons marriage negotiations to isolate Spain
1581, December ยท England ยท House ยท House of Tudor ยท Elizabeth I
Marriage
Lends the Duke of Alencon 60,000 pounds to assist him in The Netherlands
1581 ยท England ยท Exploration ยท Exploration and Discovery ยท Walter Raleigh
Reballion of Munster
Fights against the Munster rebels in Ireland & comes to the attention of Elizabeth I
1581 ยท England ยท Plymouth ยท Exploration ยท Exploration and Discovery ยท Francis Drake
Mayor
Appointed Mayor of Plymouth
1581 ยท England ยท Government ยท Government of England ยท Christopher Hatton
Succession
Appointed to arrange a marriage between Elizabeth and Francois, Duke of Alencon
1581 ยท England ยท Government ยท Government of England ยท Francis Walsingham
Alliance Francis Walsingham and partner not stated in source
Fails to secure an alliance against Spain
1581 ยท England ยท Government ยท Government of England ยท John Popham
Speaker of House of Commons
Appointed Speaker of the House of Commons
1581 ยท England ยท Westminster ยท House ยท House of Tudor ยท Elizabeth I
Subjects' Due Obedience Act Passed
Parliament increases penalties for reconciling English subjects to Rome and for activities challenging allegiance to Elizabeth.
1581 ยท England ยท London ยท Humanities ยท Philosophy ยท Francis Bacon
Member of Parliament for Bossiney
Bacon enters the House of Commons as member for Bossiney.
1581 ยท England ยท Religion ยท Church of England ยท Elizabeth I
Reform of Treason Law
It becomes treasonable to convert to catholicism. A 20 pounds a month for those over 16 who are absent from Sunday Service
1581 ยท England ยท Religion ยท Roman Catholic Church ยท Edmund Campion
Trial
Robert Cateby is tried in Star Chamber alongside William Vaux, 3rd Baron Vaux of Harrowden, and his brother-in-law Sir Thomas Tresham, for harbouring the Jesuit Edmund Campion
1581 ยท England ยท Religion ยท Roman Catholic Church ยท Robert Catesby
Trial
Robert Cateby is tried in Star Chamber alongside William Vaux, 3rd Baron Vaux of Harrowden, and his brother-in-law Sir Thomas Tresham, for harbouring the Jesuit Edmund Campion
1581 ยท England ยท Ireland ยท Warfare ยท Military ยท Walter Raleigh
Reballion of Munster
Fights against the Munster rebels in Ireland & comes to the attention of Elizabeth I
1581 ยท France ยท Humanities ยท Philosophy ยท Michel Montaigne
Montaigne Receives Roman Citizenship
During his stay in Rome Montaigne received an honorary form of Roman citizenship. The distinction acknowledged the cultural importance of classical Rome to his identity as a humanist.
1581 ยท France ยท Humanities ยท Philosophy ยท Michel Montaigne
Montaigne Returns As Bordeaux Mayor
Montaigne was elected mayor of Bordeaux while still traveling and then returned to perform municipal duties. The role placed his intellectual independence within the practical difficulties of civil administration.
1581 ยท France ยท Humanities ยท Philosophy ยท Michel Montaigne
Montaigne Visits Lucca Thermal Baths
Montaigne pursued treatment for painful kidney stones during his Italian travels, including visits to mineral waters. His travel record documented bodily experience with the same attention seen in his essays.
1581 ยท France ยท Bordeaux ยท Humanities ยท Philosophy ยท Michel Montaigne
Mayor of Bordeaux
Montaigne is elected mayor of Bordeaux and later serves a second term.
1581 ยท Germany ยท House ยท House of Habsburg ยท Rudolf II
Holy Roman Empire
After the Dutch revolt against Spain erupted, the Empire remained neutral; de facto allowing The Netherlands to depart the Empire in 1581
1581 ยท India ยท House ยท House of Mogul ยท Akbar I the Great
Capture of India
Akbar, Mughal Emperor of India, conquers Afghanistan
1581 ยท India ยท House ยท House of Mogul ยท Akbar I the Great
Invasion of Afghanistan
Akbar, Mughal Emperor of India, conquers Afghanistan
1581 ยท India ยท House ยท House of Mogul ยท Akbar I the Great
Rule of Afghanistan
Akbar, Mughal Emperor of India, conquers Afghanistan
1581 ยท Italy ยท Religion ยท Roman Catholic Church ยท Gregory XIII
Council of Trent
Carries out the decrees of the Council of Trent
1581 ยท Italy ยท Religion ยท Roman Catholic Church ยท Gregory XIII
Reform of Calendar
Adds an extra day to the Julian calendar, 29th Feb every 4 yrs
1581 ยท Netherlands ยท Government ยท Government of Netherlands ยท William I the Silent
Independence of Netherlands
Philip II denounces William as a traitor & puts a high price on his head
1581 ยท Netherlands ยท House ยท House of Orange ยท William I the Silent
Rule of Netherlands, The
William I the Silent appoints the duc dAlencon King of Holland
1581 ยท Netherlands ยท House ยท House of Orange ยท William I the Silent
Succession
The position of Stadholder is made hereditary. Succeeds as Stadholder of The Netherlands
1581 ยท Poland ยท Warfare ยท Russia War ยท Stephen Bathory
Invasion of Russia
Stephen Bathory of Poland invades Russia
1581 ยท Portugal ยท Warfare ยท Spain War ยท Henry the Cardinal
Capture of Portugal
Portugal is captured by Spain
1581 ยท Russia ยท Siberia ยท Warfare ยท Military ยท Ivan IV the Terrible
Capture of Siberia
Captures Siberia
1581 ยท Russia ยท Warfare ยท Russia War ยท Ivan IV the Terrible
Invasion of Russia
Stephen Bathory of Poland invades Russia
1581 ยท Scotland ยท London ยท House ยท House of Douglas ยท James Douglas Morton, 4th
Death of James Douglas
Charged by Esme Stuart of complicity in the death of Lord Darnley
1581 ยท Scotland ยท London ยท House ยท House of Douglas ยท James Douglas Morton, 4th
Execution of Douglas
Charged by Esme Stuart of complicity in the death of Lord Darnley
1581 ยท Scotland ยท House ยท House of Stewart ยท James VI
Succession
Assumes full power as the King of Scotland
1581 ยท Spain ยท Warfare ยท Spain War ยท Philip II