Chancellor
Appointed Chancellor of England
82 historical records
Appointed Chancellor of England
Appointed Lord Chancellor
Matthias orders the Protestant assembly to dissolve
Deat of Robert Rich, 1st Earl of Warwick, 3rd Baron Rich
Lerma is deposed by a palace intrigue carried out by his own son, Cristobal de Sandoval, Duke of Uceda, manipulated by Olivares. Dismissed from power
The Protestant Bohemians assemble at Prague in defiance of the royal command to dissolve
Protestant rebels throw Habsburg officials from the window of the Castle Hradshin
Councillors Martinitz & Slawata are thrown out of the windows of Hradschin castle
After the defenestration a provisional Government is formed under Count Mathias
After the defenestration a provisional Government is formed under Count Mathias
The radical Bohemian Protestants meet secretly and decide to act against the Habsburg regents
The radical Bohemian Protestants meet secretly and decide to act against the Habsburg regents
Helps lead the defenestration that begins the Bohemian Revolt.
The Bohemian conflict spreads through all of the Bohemian Crown, including Bohemia, Silesia, Upper and Lower Lusatia, and Moravia, Moravia was already embroiled in a conflict between Catholics and Protestants, the religious conflict eventually spreads across the whole continent of Europe, involving France and Sweden
The King-elect sent two Catholic councillors (Vilem Slavata of Chlum and Jaroslav Borzita of Martinice) as his representatives to Hradcany castle in Prague, Ferdinand wanted them to administer the Government in his absence but on 23 May, an assembly of Protestants seize them and throw
them (and also secretary Philip Fabricius) out of the palace window, some 21 metres (69 ft) off the ground, remarkably, although injured, they survive but the (Second) Defenestration of Prague, starts the Bohemian Revolt.
The Protestant nobles overthrew the rule of King Ferdinand II and threw the Roman Catholic governors of Bohemia from their office at Prague Castle in the Defenestration of Prague. The new Government formed of Protestant nobility and gentry gave Ernst von Mansfeld the command over all of its forces
Protestant rebels published the Apologia, justifying the Defenstration of Prague
Protestant rebels publish the Apologia, justifying the Defenstration of Prague
The defenestration, known as the Second Defenestration of Prague, starts the Bohemian Revolt. Sends two Catholic councillors (Wilhelm Grav Slavata and Jaroslav Borzita Graf Von Martinicz) as his representatives to Hradcany castle, the Bohemian Calvinists throw them out of the window
The defenestration, known as the Second Defenestration of Prague, starts the Bohemian Revolt
Birth of Henry Bennet
Mansfelds army reaches the outskirts of the city, defenders block two city gates and the third one was reinforced with additional guards, the Protestant army was too weak to start an all-out assault on the castle, so Mansfeld decided to starve the city
German mercenary Count von Mansfield captures Pargue after 16 hours of hard fighting. Carried out by the forces of the Bohemian Protestants led by Ernst von Mansfeld, the first major battle of the Thirty Years War, the Protestant victory and subsequent capture of the city sparked the Bohemian Revolt
Carried out by the forces of the Bohemian Protestants led by Ernst von Mansfeld, the first major battle of the Thirty Years War, the Protestant victory and subsequent capture of the city sparked the Bohemian Revolt
Aurangzeb, also known as Alamgir I, ruler of the Mughal Empire from 1658 until his death, the sixth Mughal ruler after Babur, Humayun, Akbar, Jahangir, and Shah
Birth of Alamgir, 3rd son of Shah Jahan
Birth of Aurangzeb
A mercenary force of 20,000 takes Pilsen for the Protestants
Cracks are made in the walls and the Protestant soldiers pour into the city, after several hours of close hand-to-hand combat, all of the town is in Mansfelds hands. After capturing the city, Mansfeld demanded 120,000 golden guldens as war reparations and an additional 47,000 florins for sparing the city and not burning it to the ground
Descartes completed a short treatise explaining musical consonance through numerical relationships.
The Holy Roman Empire, led by Bavaria, gather enough forces and cross the border with Bohemia, heading towards Pilsen and Prague
Beeckman received Descartes's Compendium Musicae as a personal New Year gift.
Succeeds as King of Hungary, 1618-1625
Unites the Juchen tribes into a Manchu State
With the aid of the Khalka Mongols invades China & overruns part of Chinese Manchuria
Captures the city of Fashun, a Ming stronghold
Invades China & overruns part of Chinese Manchuria with the aid of the Khalka Mongols
With the aid of the Khalka Mongols invades China & overruns part of Chinese Manchuria
An uprising of the Bohemian estates against the rule of the Habsburg dynasty caused by religious and power disputes culminating after several battles in the final Battle of White Mountain, where the estates suffer a decisive defeat and started re-catholisation of the Czech lands and starting the Thirty Years War
Protestants support the stance taken by the Catholics and in 1617, Ferdinand is duly elected by the Bohemian Estates to become the Crown Prince, and automatically upon the death of Matthias, the next King of Bohemia.
Some of the Protestant leaders of Bohemia feared they would be losing the religious rights granted to them by Emperor Rudolf II in his Letter of Majesty (1609) and prefer the Protestant Frederick V, elector of the Palatinate (successor of Frederick IV, the creator of the Protestant Union), however, other
The death of Emperor Matthias emboldens the rebellious Protestant leaders, who had been on the verge of a settlement and the weaknesses of both Ferdinand (now officially on the throne after the death of Emperor Matthias) and of the Bohemians themselves led to the spread of the war to western Germany and Ferdinand is compelled to call on his nephew, King Philip IV of Spain, for assistance.
All three men survived despite being injured, and the Second Defenestration of Prague began the Bohemian Revolt.
Ferdinand II sent the Catholic councillors Vilem Slavata of Chlum and Jaroslav Borzita of Martinice to administer the government at Hradcany Castle in his absence.
On 23 May, Protestant nobles seized the councillors and secretary Philip Fabricius and threw them from a palace window about 21 metres above the ground.
The hostilities of the Thirty Years War begin
The hostilities of the Thirty Years War begin
Holte begins building Aston Hall as a major Jacobean country residence.
Created Earl Devonshire, 1st
Created Earl of Northampton
Has Sir Walter Raleigh executed for conspiring against him
Has Sir Walter Raleigh executed for conspiring against him
Publishes a book stating which games can be played after Church on Sundays
Bacon becomes Lord Chancellor and is created Baron Verulam.
Bacon was elevated to the peerage as Baron Verulam while serving as Lord Chancellor. The honor marked the height of his political standing before his subsequent disgrace.
Forced to support his son-in-law, Frederick, against Austria & Spain
His son-in-law succeeds as King of Bohemia leading to war with the Habsburg monarchy
Descartes joins the forces of Prince Maurice of Nassau while living at Breda.
Descartes lived in Breda while serving as a military volunteer in Prince Maurice's forces.
Descartes writes the Compendium of Music for Beeckman, applying mathematical ratios to harmony.
Descartes's musical investigations treated intervals as measurable relationships between sounds. The project illustrates his early attempt to unite mathematical order and sensory experience.
Descartes worked with Isaac Beeckman on problems linking physical motion with quantitative relationships. Their cooperation encouraged an approach to nature based on mathematical explanation.
Descartes meets Isaac Beeckman, who renews his interest in mathematics and natural philosophy.
Descartes met Isaac Beeckman in Breda and renewed his commitment to mathematical investigation.
Goes into exile in Avignon
Becomes the Duke of Prussia
Wallenstein supports the Catholic Emperor Ferdinand during the rebellion of Protestants
Crowned King of Hungary, 1618-1625
Elected successor to Gabor Bathory at the beginning of the Thirty Years War
Beeckman posed mathematical questions that stimulated Descartes's early scientific research.
Beeckman met Descartes and encouraged him to apply mathematics to physical and musical problems.
Armistice of Deulino with Poland
The Poles attack the city of Moscow
Bans the General Assembly because it resists his religious reforms
Introduces the Five Articles of Perth but there is much resistance to them
Created a Cardinal
Succeeds as Sultan of Turkey
Forced to abdicate by the Janissaries in favour of his nephew Osman II
Osman II succeeds his uncle Mustafa I
Succeeds as Sultan of Turkey
Osman II succeeds his uncle Mustafa I