1641
Abolition of Episcopacy Proposal
Cromwell promotes complete removal of bishops from the Church of England.
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Browse historical records dated to 1641. Records are rendered from the World History Database into this page's initial HTML.
Cromwell promotes complete removal of bishops from the Church of England.
Charles accepts that the Long Parliament cannot be dissolved without its own consent.
Charles accepts that the Long Parliament cannot be dissolved without its own consent.
Charles assents to legislation preventing dissolution of the Long Parliament without its consent.
Byron replaces Lunsford as Lieutenant of the Tower.
Charles I appoints Nicholas as Secretary of State.
St John becomes Solicitor General while remaining aligned with parliamentary reformers.
Lunsford's appointment alarms Londoners who distrust his royalist reputation.
Pym demands guarantees that forces raised for Ireland cannot be used against Parliament.
Pym investigates attempts to use army officers against the Long Parliament.
Arrested by Argyll
Released by Emperor Ferdinand III at the instigation of Archduke Leopold William
Charles arrives in Edinburgh to negotiate with the Scottish political leadership.
Charles arrives in Edinburgh to negotiate with the Scottish political leadership.
Detailed articles supporting Strafford's impeachment are delivered to the House of Lords.
The Commons advances a bill of attainder after difficulties proving statutory treason.
Strafford's remains are buried following his execution.
Pym connects church reform with broader safeguards against arbitrary government.
Penington helps organise City support for Parliament against royal military appointments.
Pym argues that bishops should not exercise coercive political power.
Laud is committed to the Tower while Parliament prepares its case against him.
The Commons commits Palmer after his challenge to the Grand Remonstrance proceedings.
Lenthall presides during decisive Commons proceedings against Strafford.
The Commons declared that its managers were ready to prove the impeachment charges against Strafford.
Lenthall oversees Commons proceedings on protection of the Long Parliament.
Holles supports the measure securing the Long Parliament's institutional survival.
Legislation gives the Long Parliament control over the timing of its dissolution.
Leslies Army leaves Newcastle & the Covenanters begin to disband their armies
Leslies Army leaves Newcastle & the Covenanters begin to disband their armies
Charles resists parliamentary proposals for eliminating bishops.
Charles resists parliamentary proposals for eliminating bishops.
Hall publishes arguments defending the historic government of the Church by bishops.
Hopton joins the deputation carrying the Remonstrance to the King.
Charles asks the Lords for resources to protect subjects threatened by the Irish rebellion.
Charles asks the Lords for resources to protect subjects threatened by the Irish rebellion.
Palmer seeks a formal protest by members who voted against the Remonstrance.
Vane the Younger helped Parliament obtain notes from his father's record of the royal council meeting.
The Root and Branch Bill directly challenges the church structure Laud defended.
Cromwell proposes that the Earl of Essex command trained bands during the emergency.
Strafford is executed after Parliament obtains royal assent to his attainder.
Laud gave Strafford a final blessing from the Tower as the condemned Earl passed toward execution.
Hampden supports restrictions on fiscal exploitation of expanded royal forest boundaries.
Lenthall presides over the division decided by eleven votes.
Pym circulates proposals that develop into the Grand Remonstrance against royal government.
Pym formally introduces the lengthy catalogue of grievances against royal government.
Pym secures passage of the Grand Remonstrance by 159 votes to 148.
A parliamentary deputation formally presents the Grand Remonstrance to Charles.
A parliamentary deputation formally presents the Grand Remonstrance to Charles.
Charles receives the parliamentary document at Hampton Court.
Charles receives the parliamentary document at Hampton Court.
Charles answers the Remonstrance and refuses its central accusations.
Charles answers the Remonstrance and refuses its central accusations.
Hampden supports passage of the Remonstrance in the closely divided Commons.
Haselrig backs the document's criticism of royal ministers and church policy.
Holles votes with the parliamentary majority for the Remonstrance.
Strode supports the Remonstrance and its programme of parliamentary safeguards.
Legislation removes the ecclesiastical Court of High Commission.
Legislation removes the ecclesiastical Court of High Commission.
Parliament abolishes the ecclesiastical court closely associated with Laud's policies.
Holles supports legislation ending the ecclesiastical High Commission.
Cromwell backs abolition of the court enforcing controversial church policies.
Pym introduced a bill of attainder when conviction through the impeachment process appeared uncertain.
Leslies Army leaves Newcastle & the Covenanters begin to disband their armies
The Comte de Soissons wins a victory but is killed in battle
The Comte de Soissons invades France with Spanish help
Pym links the Irish rebellion with Parliament's demand for influence over military command.
Nicholas manages royal communications concerning the uprising and military response.
Hampden supports parliamentary oversight of troops intended for Ireland.
Charles appoints John Byron as the new Lieutenant of the Tower.
Charles appoints John Byron as the new Lieutenant of the Tower.
Charles leaves London for Scotland amid continuing conflict with the English Parliament.
Charles leaves London for Scotland amid continuing conflict with the English Parliament.
Holles supports legislation limiting coercive fines for refusing knighthood.
St John argues that Strafford's cumulative conduct constitutes treason against the kingdom.
St John defends the constitutional legality of requiring regular Parliaments.
Crowds demonstrate around Westminster as political language divides into royalist and parliamentary camps.
Crowds demonstrate around Westminster as political language divides into royalist and parliamentary camps.
Pym supports statutory protection against dissolution of the Long Parliament.
The King accepts that the Long Parliament cannot be dissolved without parliamentary approval.
Gurney enters office as Lord Mayor and supports the royalist interest.
Manchester participates as the Lords decide the bill of attainder.
The Lords approve the bill of attainder against Strafford.
Laud's system loses its principal enforcement institution when High Commission is abolished.
Strafford's attainder prevented his son William from immediately inheriting the earldom and family honours.
Charles withdraws Lunsford's appointment following protests in the City.
Charles withdraws Lunsford's appointment following protests in the City.
Hampden assists parliamentary managers preparing evidence against Strafford.
William II marries Mary, eldest daughter of Charles I.
Princess Mary marries William II, Prince of Orange, at the Chapel Royal.
Holles backs parliamentary influence over commanders chosen for the Irish campaign.
Cromwell challenges exclusive royal control of armed forces during the Irish emergency.
The Commons gives Haselrig's Militia Bill its first reading by 158 votes to 125.
Haselrig presents a bill placing militia and naval appointments under parliamentary control.
Lenthall presides over the Militia Bill's first Commons reading.
Strode supports the Commons bill challenging exclusive royal command.
Haselrig proposes parliamentary nomination of militia and naval commanders.
Pym argues that the King should appoint counsellors trusted by Parliament.
Williams supports limited reform rather than complete abolition of bishops.
Charles receives reports of the Irish uprising while staying in Scotland.
Charles receives reports of the Irish uprising while staying in Scotland.
Pym presents Parliament's principal accusations at the opening of Strafford's trial.
Falkland opposes the measure and moves toward constitutional royalism.
Culpeper rejects the Remonstrance despite earlier criticism of royal financial policies.
Hyde opposes the Remonstrance as dangerously divisive and constitutionally excessive.
Members secure statutory protection against dissolution without their own consent.
Strode supports minimum requirements for the frequency and duration of parliamentary sessions.
Strafford petitioned the Lords for an opportunity to answer new allegations supporting the attainder.
Pym supports legislation abolishing Star Chamber and related prerogative jurisdiction.
Charles attends the marriage of Princess Mary to William II, Prince of Orange.
Charles attends the marriage of Princess Mary to William II, Prince of Orange.
Notes from Vane's council papers were used to support the allegation that Strafford proposed using the Irish army in England.
Essex is proposed as a commander trusted by parliamentary leaders.
Hampden backs the act requiring Parliament's consent before dissolution.
Palmer proposes that opponents of the Grand Remonstrance formally record their protest.
Pym supports publication of the document to appeal directly to public opinion.
Rous promotes further reformation of worship and church discipline.
Leads a rebellion in Ulster, claiming support from Charles I
Hampden supports legislation guaranteeing that Parliament must meet regularly.
The Triennial Act limits prolonged government without a Parliament.
The Triennial Act limits extended periods of government without Parliament.
The Triennial Act limits prolonged government without a Parliament.
Cromwell supports measures against ceremonial practices regarded as idolatrous.
Charles asked the Lords to consider mercy for Strafford after giving assent to the attainder.
Charles rejects key accusations and defends his religious and constitutional policies.
Charles rejects key accusations and defends his religious and constitutional policies.
The Irish rebellion creates an immediate crisis over raising and commanding an army.
Cromwell supports stronger parliamentary control during the Irish emergency.
Hampden backs parliamentary measures responding to reports from Ireland.
Haselrig supports parliamentary authority over forces raised for Ireland.
The Irish rebellion creates an immediate crisis over raising and commanding an army.
Pym argues that Parliament must influence any army sent to Ireland.
Strode joins demands for safeguards over military appointments.
Charles returns to London as the Grand Remonstrance crisis intensifies.
Charles returns to London as the Grand Remonstrance crisis intensifies.
Pym supports legislation intended to abolish episcopal government in the Church of England.
Cromwell supports introduction of legislation seeking abolition of episcopacy.
Vane supports introduction of the bill against episcopacy.
The Root and Branch Bill threatens the episcopal system associated with Laud.
Rous supports parliamentary legislation following the petition against episcopal government.
Charles reluctantly assents to the bill of attainder against Strafford.
Charles reluctantly assents to the bill of attainder against Strafford.
Charles assents to legislation requiring Parliament to meet at least once every three years.
Charles assents to legislation requiring Parliament to meet at least once every three years.
The royal assent makes regular parliamentary sessions a statutory requirement.
Charles rejects parliamentary attempts to control military appointments.
Charles rejects parliamentary attempts to control military appointments.
Gurney uses the mayoralty to support royal authority during growing City opposition.
Hyde helps articulate the constitutional case against Pym's programme.
The Cortes offers the Portuguese throne to Louis XIII
Charles accepts major limitations on royal power within the Scottish kingdom.
Charles accepts major limitations on royal power within the Scottish kingdom.
Pym supports legislation declaring ship money unlawful without parliamentary authority.
Lenthall presides as the Commons completes legislation against ship money.
Parliamentary legislation declares ship money unlawful without parliamentary consent.
Parliamentary legislation declares ship money unlawful without parliamentary consent.
Hampden sees legislation overturn the fiscal principle used against him.
St John supports the legal measure invalidating non-parliamentary ship money.
Leslies Army leaves Newcastle & the Covenanters begin to disband their armies
Strafford addresses the crowd before his execution on Tower Hill.
Charles assents to legislation abolishing the Court of Star Chamber.
Charles assents to legislation abolishing the Court of Star Chamber.
The abolition of Star Chamber removes another institution used against religious opponents.
Pym supports abolition of the prerogative court associated with arbitrary royal punishment.
St John supports the statutory case for abolishing Star Chamber.
Hampden backs legislation removing Star Chamber jurisdiction.
Strafford tells Charles that he will not obstruct assent intended to preserve public peace.
Strode supports parliamentary action intended to secure Strafford's conviction.
Haselrig supports replacing the difficult impeachment with a bill of attainder.
Strafford delivers a forceful defence against the parliamentary accusations.
Pym's campaign removes the King's most powerful minister from government.
Evelyn records the solemn public execution on Tower Hill.
Pym leads the parliamentary case when Strafford's public trial begins.
Charles attends proceedings against his chief minister, the Earl of Strafford.
Charles attends proceedings against his chief minister, the Earl of Strafford.
Holles participates in the Commons management of proceedings against Strafford.
Maynard assisted the Commons managers in presenting the legal and factual charges against Strafford.
Charles receives Strafford's letter accepting sacrifice for the peace of the kingdom.
Charles receives Strafford's letter accepting sacrifice for the peace of the kingdom.
Essex supports parliamentary action against Strafford.
Holles votes for the measure preventing another prolonged period of personal rule.
Charles appoints Thomas Lunsford as Lieutenant of the Tower, provoking public opposition.
Charles appoints Thomas Lunsford as Lieutenant of the Tower, provoking public opposition.
Pym supports parliamentary control over customs revenue.
Charles accepts statutory regulation of customs duties formerly collected without full parliamentary authority.
Charles accepts statutory regulation of customs duties formerly collected without full parliamentary authority.
Cromwell proposes placing London's trained bands under the Earl of Essex.
Strafford was brought from the Tower for the opening of his state trial in Westminster Hall.
Strafford's public trial for high treason begins before the Lords.
Charles assents to legislation requiring Parliament to meet at least once every three years.
Pym supports statutory limits on the Crown's ability to govern without Parliament.
Lenthall presides as the Commons completes the Triennial Act legislation.
Warwick supports the Lords' approval of Strafford's attainder.
Evelyn witnesses Strafford's execution and records the event in his diary.
Thomas Wentworth dies by beheading following his conviction through attainder.
The Comte de Soissons wins a victory, but is killed in battle
Provenance
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