Peace
The King's reply to the peace petition is read dismisivly in the Guildhall
Historical events in 1643
253 historical records
January 16435 historical events
Capture of Leeds
Captures Leads for the Parliamentarians
Siege of York
Withdraws the Royalists from Wakefield & Pontefract & gathers them at York
Peace
Rejects proposals drawn up by the Lords & Parliament after the Battle of Edgehill
Siege of York
Left to hold York by Newcastle
February 16439 historical events
Capture of Cirencester
Rupert of the Rhine captures Cirencester for the Royalists
Siege of Cirencester
Rupert of the Rhine captures Cirencester for the Royalists
Siege of Bridlington
Despite the attenrions of Batten the Queen lands at Bridlington Quay
Birth of Ahmed II
Birth of Ahmed II
Battle of Beacon Hill
Fights Ballard in an attempt to prevent the Roundheads from capturing Newark
Siege of Newark
Leads a Derbyshire contingent in a failed Roundhead attempt to capture Newark
Siege of Newark
Fails in an attempt to capture Newark from the Royalists
Siege of Newark
Prevents Parliament from capturing Newark
Bombardment at Bridlington
Batten opens fire while arms and ammunition from the Continent are being landed for the Royalist cause at Bridlington.
March 164320 historical events
First Battle of Middlewich
Brereton defeats Sir Thomas Aston's Royalist force at Middlewich and strengthens Parliament's position in Cheshire.
Battle of Hopton Heath
Joins forces with the Earl of Northampton prior to the Battle of Hopton Heath
Battle of Hopton Heath
Joins forces with General Hastings prior to the Battle of Hopton Heath
Death of Spencer Compton
Death of Spencer Compton, 2nd Earl of Northampton
Battle of Hopton Heath
Forced to retreat to Chartley & then to Uttoxeter
Battle of Hopton Heath
Defeated by a Royalist force under the Earl of Northampton & General Henry Hastings
Battle of Hopton Heath
Leads a charge against the Roundheads after Northampton is killed
Battle of Hopton Heath
Defeated by a Royalist force under the Earl of Northampton & General Henry Hastings
Battle of Hopton Heath
Forced to retreat to Stone then back to Cheshire
Battle of Hopton Heath
Helps defeat the Roundheads under John Gell & William Brereton
Battle of Hopton Heath
Defeats the Roundheads under John Gell & William Brereton but killed in battle. Accompanied by three of his sons, marches out with his troops Compton engages Sir John Gell, 1st Baronet and Sir William Brereton at Hopton Heath
Death of Spencer Compton
Death of Spencer Compton, killed at the Battle of Hopton Heath
Battle of Highnam
Defeated by Waller when defending South Wales for Charles I
Battle of Highnam
Routs the Royalist force of Lord Herbert
Battle of Seacroft Moor
Fairfax suffers a severe defeat while withdrawing Parliamentarian infantry toward Leeds.
Recovery of Scarborough
Hotham helps recover Scarborough for Parliament after Sir Hugh Cholmley changes allegiance to the Royalists.
Capture of Bristol
Sets up his HQ in Bristol
Peace Negotiations
Holles supports efforts to negotiate with the King at Oxford as a leading figure among Parliament's peace-minded members.
Siege of Lichfield
Marches from Banbury to relieve Lichfield, and having failed there proceeds to Stafford, which he occupies
Siege of Bristol
Rupert of the Rhine fails in his attempt to capture Bristol
April 164316 historical events
Battle of Birmingham
Helps defend Birmingham during Prince Rupert’s Royalist attack.
Battle of Birmingham
Attacks Birmingham after the town supplies Parliamentarian forces.
Battle of Birmingham
Rupert leads Royalist forces in an attack on Parliamentarian Birmingham.
Burning of Birmingham
Royalist troops burn parts of Birmingham after overcoming local resistance.
Capture of Tewkesbury
Capures Tewkesbury for Parliament
Capture of Upton Bridge
Captures Upton Bridge to maintain his communications with Oxford across the Severn
Covenanters
Created the Duke of Hamilton for neutralizing the Covenanters
Neutrality
Created the Duke of Hamilton for neutralizing the Covenanters
Peerage
Created the Duke of Hamilton for neutralizing the Covenanters
Battle of Ripple Field
Driven back by Prince Maurice to Tewkesbury
Battle of Ripple Field
Driven back by Prince Maurice to Tewkesbury
Battle of Ripple Field
Drives Waller & Massey back to Tewkebury
Capture of Lichfield
Lichfield surrenders to Rupert & the route from York to Oxford is opened for the Queen
Siege of Lichfield
Lichfield surrenders to Rupert & the route from York to Oxford is opened for the Queen
Capture of Reading
Surrenders Reading to the Parliamentarians under Essex
Capture of Reading
Captures Reading for the Parliamentarians & prevents Charles I from reaching London
May 164324 historical events
First Siege of Corfe Castle
Erle begins an unsuccessful Parliamentarian siege of Corfe Castle.
Battle of Grantham
1st victory for Cromwell & the Eastern association
Battle of Grantham
Cromwell defeats a larger Royalist cavalry force near Grantham and strengthens Parliament's position in Lincolnshire.
Regency
Directs policy during Louis XIV's minority.
Regency
Governs for the young Louis XIV with Mazarin.
Death of Louis XIII
Dies after a 33 year dominated by his mother Marie deMedici & Cardinal Richelieu
Minority Reign
Becomes king as a child after the death of Louis XIII.
Succession
Succeeds as King of France
Regency
Appointed Member of Regency Council
Regency
Appointed Member of Regency Council on behalf of Louis XIV until his majority
Constitution of France
Granted sole & absolute power by the Paris Parliament
Battle of Rocroi
Leads a French army of 23,000 to victory over a Spanish army of 20,000. 1st French victory in decades
Battle of Rocroi
Victory over Spain gives France hegemony in Europe in place of Spain
Battle of Rocroi
Defeats the Spanish army which is invading France & heading for Paris
Battle of Rocroi
The Spanish army is virtually destroyed
Battle of Rocroi
Defeat by France gives France hegemony in Europe in place of Spain
Capture of Wakefield
Comes to the aid of the Royalist garrison but it is captured by Thomas Fairfax
Capture of Wakefield
Helps command the Parliamentary foot as Thomas Fairfax captures Wakefield
Capture of Wakefield
Helps command the Parliamentary foot as Thomas Fairfax captures Wakefield
Capture of Wakefield
Senior Royalist Commander at Wakefield when it is capturd by Thomas Fairfax
Capture of Wakefield
Captures Wakefield for the Parliamentarians
Capture of Wakefield
Senior Royalist Commander at Wakefield when it is capturd by Thomas Fairfax
Invasion of France
Leads a Spanish army from The Netherlands towards Paris through then Arennes
Siege of Rocroi
Lays siege to Rocroi
June 164315 historical events
Capture of Liverpool
Captures the earthworks of Liverpool
Siege of Liverpool
Rupert gathers an army of 14,000 and is ready to march on York. Captures the earthworks of Liverpool
Siege of York
Rupert gathers an army of 14,000 & is ready to march on York
Battle of Chalgrove Field
Defeated & killed by Royalists
Pursuit of Prince Rupert
Hampden joins the hurried Parliamentarian pursuit of Prince Rupert's raiding column before the fighting at Chalgrove.
Wounding at Chalgrove
Hampden is mortally wounded in the shoulder during the Parliamentarian cavalry defeat at Chalgrove.
Battle of Chalgrove Field
Rupert of the Rhine defeats Parliamentary forces near Dorchester then moves on the capture Bristol
Battle of Dorchester
Rupert of the Rhine defeats Parliamentary forces near Dorchester then moves on the capture Bristol
Capture of Chalgrove Field
Rupert of the Rhine defeats Parliamentary forces near Dorchester then moves on the capture Bristol
Capture of Thionville
Captures the fotress of Thionville to secure Lorraine & the Rhine valley
Death at Thame
Hampden dies at Thame from wounds received six days earlier during the Battle of Chalgrove.
Arrest at Beverley
Hotham is captured near Beverley after attempts to negotiate with Royalist commanders bring his loyalty under suspicion.
Battle of Adwalton Moor
Fairfax fights in the Parliamentarian defeat at Adwalton Moor and withdraws as Royalist power expands across Yorkshire.
Battle of Adwalton Moor
The Parliamentary forces are driven back to Hull. Defeated by the Royalists near Bradford. After the Battle of Adwalton Moor the royalists occupy the West Riding of Yorkshire
Battle of Adwalton Moor
The Parliamentary forces are driven back to Hull. Defeats a Parliamentary force under Lord Fairfax. After the Battle of Adwalton Moor the royalists occupy the West Riding of Yorkshire
July 164320 historical events
Battle of Lansdown
Defeated by the Royalists under Hopton
Battle of Roundway Down
Defeated by the Royalists under Lord Wilmot. Defeat by the Royalists under the Earl of Rochester
Capture of York
Helps capture York for the Parliamentarians
Capture of Bristol
Nathaniel Fiennes surrenders Bristol to Rupert of the Rhine
Siege of Bristol
Nathaniel Fiennes surrenders Bristol to Rupert of the Rhine
Siege of Bristol
Rupert begins the Royalist assault on Bristol.
Siege of Bristol
Nathaniel Fiennes surrenders Bristol to Rupert of the Rhine
Siege of Burghley
Leads a successful siege in Northamptonshire against the Countess of Essex
Surrender of Bristol
Fiennes surrenders Bristol after the Royalist assault.
Capture of Bristol
Rupert captures Bristol for the Royalists.
Capture of Bristol
Rupert of the Rhine captures Bristol, Englands 2nd port which becomes the HQ for the Prince of Wales
Siege of Bristol
Rupert of the Rhine captures Bristol, Englands 2nd port which becomes the HQ for the Prince of Wales. Joins forces with Ralph Hopton to capture Bristol
Governor
Receives news from Parliament that he has been appointed Governor of the Isle of Ely
Battle of Gainsborough
Wins a victory over Royalist forces
Death of Charles Cavendish
Cavendish is killed after Royalist cavalry are routed near Gainsborough.
Battle of Gainsborough
Cromwell helps relieve Gainsborough and drives Royalist cavalry from the field.
Mobilization
The Convention orders the raising of the "Levied Regiment" & 3 troops of horse
Governor
Appointed Governor of Hull
Bristol Defence
Fiennes commands Bristol before surrendering the city to Royalists.
Capture of Bath
Forced to evacuate Bath after being defeated by the Royalists at Lansdown
August 164310 historical events
Mobilization
Parliament issues instructions for the impressment of 22,000 in London & the east
New Model Army
Parliament issues instructions for the impressment of 22,000 in London & the east
Capture of Bristol
Breaks through at Brandon Hill followed by the surrender of Bristol to the Royalists
Lord General
Appointed Lord General of the Covenanter Army
Lord General
Appointed Lord General of the Covenanter Army
Siege of Gloucester
Massey directs Gloucester's defence after the Royalist army begins its major siege of the Parliamentarian city.
Mission to Scotland
Vane serves among Parliament's commissioners in Scotland seeking military cooperation against the Royalists.
Solemn League Drafting
Vane helps negotiate the Anglo-Scottish agreement that develops into the Solemn League and Covenant.
Eastern Association
Manchester leads the Eastern Association army as Parliament builds power in East Anglia.
Mobilization
The Convention gives a 48 hr notice to defend "the true protestant religion"
September 164323 historical events
Battle of Stow
Rupert of the Rhine attacks Essexs Army
Siege of Stow
Rupert of the Rhine attacks Essexs Army
Relief of Gloucester
Massey holds Gloucester until the approach of Essex's relief army forces the Royalists to abandon the siege.
Siege of Gloucester
Fails to capture Gloucester
Expulsion from Commons
The House of Commons expels Hotham and sends him to the Tower while his conduct at Hull is investigated.
Peace
Agrees a truce with the Confederate Irish on behalf of the King
Reballion of Irish
Signs a truce with the Irish rebels to free his troops for service in England
Covenanters
The Covenanter Army gathers at Leith Links
Battle of Newbury
Devereux defeats a Royalist force at Newburn & is able to move on to Reading. Defeats a Royalist force & is able to move on to Reading
Siege of Reading
Devereux defeats a Royalist force at Newburn & is able to move on to Reading
First Battle of Newbury
Charles fights Essex's army at the inconclusive First Battle of Newbury.
First Battle of Newbury
Charles fights Essex's army at the inconclusive First Battle of Newbury.
Battle of Newbury, 1st
Fights for the defeated Royalists
Battle of Newbury
Rupert of the Rhine is defeated by Parliament
Capture of Berwick
The Covenanters capture Berwick
Covenanters
The Covenanters capture Berwick
Siege of Berwick
The Covenanters capture Berwick
Alliance Oliver Cromwell and Scottish Presbyterianism
Parliament promises to protect Scottish Presbyterianism
Covenanters
The price of the alliance is a National Covenant & Solemn League signed by Pym
National Covenant
The price of the alliance is a National Covenant & Solemn League signed by Pym
Solemn League
The price of the alliance is a National Covenant & Solemn League signed by Pym
Treaty of Covenanters
The price of the alliance is a National Covenant & Solemn League signed by Pym
Solemn League Negotiations
Pym helps secure the parliamentary alliance with Scotland that brings the Solemn League and Covenant into English war policy.
October 164315 historical events
Capture of Newport Pagnell
Captures Newport Pagnell for the Royalists
Battle of Winceby
Combines with Cromwell & Manchester to check the Governor of Newark
Battle of Winceby
Defeats the Royalists under Sir John Henderson near Newark. Cromwell's cavalry proves very effective
Battle of Winceby
Defeated by Cromwell, Fairfax & Manchester, fails to relieve Bolingbroke Castle
Siege of Bolingbroke Castle
Defeated by Cromwell, Fairfax & Manchester, fails to relieve Bolingbroke Castle
Battle of Winceby
Cromwell helps lead Parliamentarian cavalry in the victory at Winceby, strengthening Parliament's control of Lincolnshire.
Battle of Winceby
Fairfax fights with Parliament's forces at Winceby, where the Royalist field army in Lincolnshire is defeated.
Battle of Winceby
Cromwell's cavalry helps defeat Royalist horse at Winceby during the struggle for Lincolnshire.
Battle of Winceby
Manchester commands Eastern Association forces during the Parliamentarian victory at Winceby.
Birth of Bahadur Shah I
Birth of Bahadur Shah I, second son of the emperor Aurangzeb through the daughter of Raja Raju
Capture of Newcastle
Helps capture Newcastle for the Parliamentarians
Siege of Newport
The Royalist hold on London is lost. Evacuates Newport Pagnell in the false belief that supplies are not coming from Oxford
Appointment as Lord Chief Justice
Charles appoints Heath Lord Chief Justice of King's Bench at Oxford.
Defence of Hull
Fairfax helps prevent Hull from falling during the Royalist siege, preserving an important Parliamentarian base in Yorkshire.
Alliance Scotland and Royalists
Charles I turns to Montrose for support who wins most of Scotland for the Royalists
November 164310 historical events
Birth of John Strype
John Strype is born in Houndsditch, London.
Southern Association Command
Parliament places Waller over an association of southern counties and authorises forces to serve under his command.
Capture of Wrexham
Captures Wrexham, Royalists are intercepted returning from Ireland after the truce
Battle of Tuttlingen
The Weimar Commander Rantzau is defeated & captured by the Imperial army
Imperial Army
The Weimar Commander Rantzau is defeated & captured by the Imperial army
Battle of Tuttlingen
The Weimar Commander Rantzau is defeated & captured by the Imperial army
Imperial Army
The Weimar Commander Rantzau is defeated & captured by the Imperial army
Battle of Lichfield
Rupert of the Rhine fights at the Battle of Lichfield
Commander of Weimar Army
Appointed Commander of the Weimar Army
Commander of Weimar Army
Appointed Commander of the Weimar Army
December 16437 historical events
Death at Derby House
Pym dies at Derby House in Westminster after serving as one of Parliament's most influential wartime political leaders.
Death of John Pym
Death of John Pym
Storming of Alton
Waller defeats the Royalist garrison at Alton and takes numerous prisoners during the winter campaign in Hampshire.
Burial
Buried in Westminster Abbey
Death of John Pym
The only man in politics who has some control over the Scots. Death of John Pym. Allows the rise of the Independent Party
Exile of James Hamilton
Refuses to take the Solomn League & Covenant so is forced to flee into England
Solomn League & Covenant
Refuses to take the Solomn League & Covenant so is forced to flee into England
Succession
Declares a new Dynasty with its capital at Xian
Capture of Beijing
Lis rebel army captures Beijing, the last Ming Emperor then hangs himself
Doctrine and Discipline of Divorce", a puritanical defense of divorce
Publication of "Doctrine & Discipline of Divorce", a puritanical defense of divorce
Doctrine and Discipline of Divorce
Publication of "Doctrine & Discipline of Divorce", a puritanical defense of divorce
Plantations Comm-Cromwell
Appointed Member of Committee of Plantations
Commission
Appointed Commissioner of the Treasury
Lord Chancellor
Appointed Chancellor of the Exchequer
Bailiff
Within the Government of Jersey serves as Bailiff
Chancellor of the Exchequer
Hyde is appointed Chancellor of the Exchequer in the royalist administration.
Continental Travels
Evelyn begins extended travel through France, Italy and Switzerland.
Critique of Thomas Whites De Mundo
Hobbes develops a detailed critique of Thomas White's De Mundo, engaging questions of physics and metaphysics.
Siege of Gainsborough
Defeated by Cromwell & killed in battle
Siege of Corfe Castle
Corfe Castle survives a 6 week Parliamentarian siege
Brave Dame Mary
During the English Civil War, the castle twice came under siege by Parliamentarian forces, Sir John Bankes is away from his estate attending to Charles I so defence of the castle is led by his wife Lady Mary Bankes - "Brave Dame Mary"
Siege of Corfe Castle
The first siege, in 1643, lasts for six weeks before the Parliamentarians withdraw with the loss of 100 men. During the English Civil War, the castle twice came under siege by Parliamentarian forces, Sir John Bankes is away from his estate attending to Charles I so defence of the castle is led by his wife Lady Mary Bankes - "Brave Dame Mary"
County Associations
Counties are inefficient for managing armies so County Associations are formed
Reform of War Policy
Counties are inefficient for managing armies so County Associations are formed
Siege of Bristol
Takes part in the defense of Bristol
Siege of Lyme Regis
Takes part in the defense of Lyme Regis
Siege of Hull
Relieves Hull for the Parliamentarians
Capture of Gloucester
The Governor of Gloucester hands it over to Waller
Capture of Gloucester
The Governor of Gloucester hands it over to Waller
Invasion of Wales
Advances into Monmouthshire
Major General
Appointed Major General
Peace
In the King's reply to the peace petition the London Mayor is accused of treason
Siege of London
The King is not strong enough to capture the City of London
Treason
In the King's reply to the peace petition the London Mayor is accused of treason
Alliance Agreement at London
Invites the Scots Commissioners to London & agrees an alliance
Alliance Invites the Scots Commissioners to London
Invites the Scots Commissioners to London & agrees an alliance
Budget
Leads Parliament in taking control of taxation & in raising an unprecedented exise tax
Capture of Stafford
Brereton's campaign extends Parliamentarian influence into Stafford as he contests Royalist control across the Midlands.
Capture of Whitchurch
Brereton captures Whitchurch during his Cheshire campaign and disrupts Royalist movement between the Midlands and north Wales.
Capture of Wolverhampton
Brereton's forces secure Wolverhampton during operations designed to weaken Royalist communications in the western Midlands.
Capture of London
Captures Leads for the Parliamentarians
Major General
Appointed Major General of the Parliamentary forces in the eastern counties (the Eastern Association), with Cromwell as his second in command
Capture of Gloucester
Relieves Gloucester for the Parliamentarians
Capture of Gainsborough
Moves from the north to threaten the eastern counties & captures Gainsborough
Commander of Royalist Forces
Appointed Commander of the Royalist forces North of the Tyne
Siege of Hull
Raises the Siege of Hull on behalf of the Royalists
Capture of Lincoln
Lincoln surrenders with a considerable supply of arms
General
Appointed General for the Eastern Midlands & the Associated Counties
Capture of Reading
The Royalist Reading garrison is handed over to the Roundheads
Peerage
Created Baron Byron
Capture of Tewkesbury
Helps capture Tewkesury
Capture of Tewkesbury
Helps capture Tewkesury
Attack on Aston Hall
Parliamentarian forces attack and damage the Royalist stronghold at Aston Hall.
Major General
Appointed Major General
Major General
Appointed Major General of the Parliamentary forces in the eastern counties (the Eastern Association), with Cromwell as his second in command
Commander of Royalist Forces
Appointed Commander of the Royalist forces North of the Tyne
General
Appointed General for the Eastern Midlands & the Associated Counties
Correspondence with Princess Elisabeth
Descartes begins corresponding with Princess Elisabeth about mind-body interaction, ethics and the passions.
Descartes Considers Elisabeth Mind Body Question
Princess Elisabeth asked how an immaterial mind could move a material body. Her objection compelled Descartes to confront a central difficulty in his theory of distinct substances.
Descartes Defends Three Primitive Notions
In correspondence with Elisabeth Descartes distinguished notions of mind, body and their union. The framework sought to explain why embodied human experience cannot be understood by analyzing mind or matter alone.
On Frequent Communion
Arnauld publishes On Frequent Communion, a major contribution to the Jansenist religious controversy.
Marshal
Appointed Marshal of France
Marshal
Appointed Marshal of France
Commander of Imperial Army
Appointed Commander of the Imperial Army, succeeding Wallenstein
Imperial Army
Appointed Commander of the Imperial Army, succeeding Wallenstein
Commander of Imperial Army
Appointed Commander of the Imperial Army, succeeding Wallenstein
Imperial Army
Appointed Commander of the Imperial Army, succeeding Wallenstein
Battle of Jankov
Defeated & captured by Torstenson
Red Fort
The Lal Qila (Red Fort) is built by the Mughal Emperor Shah Jahan
Irish Campaign
Commands troops in Ireland before returning to fight for the Royalists in England.
Invention of Barometer
Invents the barometer
Succession
Succeeds as Emperor of Japan
Discovery of Tonga Islands
Discovers Tonga
Discovery of Tonga Islands
Lands at Tongatapu & names it Amsterdam
Mayor of Amsterdam
Begins serving as Mayor of Amsterdam during the 1643-1664 municipal term.
Commission
Appointed Commissioner of the Solemn League & Covenant
Solemn League
Appointed Commissioner of the Solemn League & Covenant
Treaty of Solemn League
The signatories insist upon the establishment of Presbyterianism in England. Signed between members of the General Assembly & the Convention of Estates. Allies the General Assembly & the Convention of Estates against Charles I
Dragoons
A new Horse Regiment, the dragoons travel by horse, fight on foot & use muskets
Major
Appointed Major General of the Covenanter Army
Convention
Allies the General Assembly & the Convention of Estates against Charles I
Major
Appointed Major General of the Covenanter Army
Dismissal
Olivares is dismissed from office
Declaration of War
War breaks out between Denmark & Sweden, Tortensson is forced to retreat to Holstein
Invasion of Bohemia
Launches an invasion of Bohemia
Invasion of Moravia
Launches an invasion of Moravia