Capture of Chester
Captures Chester from Lord Byron
Historical events in 1646
93 historical records
February 16463 historical events
Battle of Warrington
Defeated by Cromwell in the final Battle of the campaign
Exile of Charles II
After Cromwell's victory at Torrington Charles retreats to Penndennis Castle
March 164616 historical events
Exile of Charles II
Boarded on the Phoenix at Lands End & headed for the Scilly Isles
Exile of Charles II
Lands at St Marys in the Scilly Isles exactly one year since leaving Oxford
Result of Surrender of Hopton's Royalist Forces
Negotiations begin as Hopton recognises that continued Royalist resistance around Truro is unsustainable.
Surrender of Hopton's Royalist Forces
Parliamentarians approach Truro & Hopton sends out an offer to negotiate peace
Result of Surrender of Royalist Forces at Exeter
Royalist forces at Exeter accept terms, accelerating the end of organised Royalist resistance in the west.
Surrender of Royalist Forces at Exeter
Signs the Articles of Surrender at Exeter on behalf of the Royalists
Result of Surrender of Hopton's Royalist Forces
Truro falls and Hopton accepts Fairfax's terms, ending organised Royalist resistance in Cornwall.
Surrender of Hopton's Royalist Forces
Hopton agrees surrender terms to Fairfax as Truro is captured from the Royalists
Result of Surrender of Hopton's Royalist Forces
Hopton's troops are disbanded and he agrees to leave the country.
Surrender of Hopton's Royalist Forces
Hopton agrees to disband his forces & go abroad
Battle of Stow-on-the-Wold
Charles writes to his Queen that he has not enough forces to resist or escape. All that remains are garrisons in Oxford, Newark, Pendennis, Exeter & Raglan
Battle of Stow-on-the-Wold
Morgan commands Parliamentarian troops in the victory that ends organised Royalist field resistance.
Battle of Stow-on-the-Wold
Astley leads the last Royalist field army before defeat at Stow-on-the-Wold.
Result of Surrender of Last Royalist Field Army
The last major Royalist field army is removed from the war, ending organised Royalist campaigning in the field.
Royalist Army
Surrenders the last Royalist Army to William Brereton
Surrender of Last Royalist Field Army
Surrenders the last Royalist Army to William Brereton
April 16469 historical events
Exile of Charles II
Sets sail for Jersey from the Scilly Isles on the Proud Black Eagle
Peace
Will disband his forces if he can live as a King & have a few friends in service. Offers peace to the Independents
Arrest of James Hamilton
Freed from captivity in St Michaels Mount by Thomas Fairfax
Arrest of Charles I
Leaves Oxford to surrender himself to the Scots at Newark
Escape of Charles I
Departs from Oxford in disguise
Result of Surrender of Charles I
Charles I enters Scottish custody, changing the political and military balance of the Civil War.
Result of Surrender of Charles I
Charles I abandons Oxford and moves toward eventual surrender to the Scots.
Surrender of Charles I
Charless supporters believe he is heading for London but he surrenders to the Scots
Surrender of Charles I
Slips out of Oxford in disguise
May 164611 historical events
Result of Surrender of Charles I
Charles I remains in Scottish hands after the collapse of his remaining military position.
Surrender of Charles I
Surrenders to the Scots at Newark after defeat at Stowe-on-the-Wold
Siege of Newark
Newark is surrendered to the Scots
Invasion of Scotland
Montrose receives a letter from Charles I asking him to withdraw from Scotland
Civil War
Asked by Charles to leave Scotland because Charles has joined the Covenanters
Covenanters
Asked by Charles to leave Scotland because Charles has joined the Covenanters
Exile of James Graham
Defeated trying to join Charles I after his defeat at Naseby, flees to the Highlands
Invasion of Scotland
Asked by Charles to leave Scotland because Charles has joined the Covenanters
Siege of Highlands
Defeated trying to join Charles I after his defeat at Naseby, flees to the Highlands
Battle of Newark
Charles surrenders to the Scots
Civil War
Accepts the surrender of Charles I at Newark
June 16466 historical events
Siege of Oxford
Surrenders Oxford to Parliament
Surrender of Oxford
Fairfax receives the surrender of Oxford, ending the Royalists' principal headquarters and effectively closing the First Civil War.
Siege of Oxford
Oxford is surrendered to Parliament, only Pendennis, Raglan & Harlech remain
Siege of Oxford
Oxford agrees surrender terms with Fairfax, ending the Royalist capital's resistance.
Siege of Oxford
Fairfax receives Oxford's surrender and ends the king's wartime capital.
Exile of Charles II
Sets sail for France to join his Mother Henrietta Maria
July 16463 historical events
Battle of Langport
Commands the New Model Army to victory over Goring, a final blow to the Royalist cause
Levellers
Lilburne's imprisonment helps turn a circle of supporters into a wider Leveller movement, as campaigns for his liberty are presented as campaigns for the birthright liberties of all freeborn Englishmen
Levellers
Overton helps define the emerging Leveller movement through the Remonstrance of Many Thousand Citizens, a radical petitionary text generally treated as one of the movement's founding documents
August 16465 historical events
Levellers
Overton is arrested after attacking the House of Lords, and his imprisonment strengthens the Leveller argument against arbitrary authority and unelected power
Exile of Louis XIV
Receives his cousin Charles II during his exile from the English Civil War
Siege of Raglan Castle
Forced to surrender Raglan Castle to the Parliamentarians
Siege of Raglan
Raglan is surrendered to Parliament, ends military operations of the 1st civil war
Levellers
The soldiers in the New Model Army elect Agitators from each regiment to represent them; the Agitators are recognised by the Army commanders and sit on the General Council. Richard Overton is arrested for publishing a pamphlet attacking the House of Lords; during imprisonment he writes the influential Leveller manifesto "An Arrow Against All Tyrants and Tyranny"
September 16464 historical events
Siege of Oxford
Oxford capitulates following the final siege of Oxford, and by the end of September 1646 Charles had neither army nor garrison in England, following the surrender of Thomas Blagge at Wallingford Castle after a siege conducted by Fairfax
Siege of Wallingford Castle
Oxford capitulates following the final siege of Oxford, and by the end of September 1646 Charles had neither army nor garrison in England, following the surrender of Thomas Blagge at Wallingford Castle after a siege conducted by Fairfax
Civil War
Sails for Norway
Exile of James Graham
Sails for Norway
October 16462 historical events
An Arrow Against All Tyrants and Tyranny
Overton publishes "An Arrow Against All Tyrants and Tyranny", a major Leveller statement against arbitrary government and imprisonment
An Arrow Against All Tyrants
Overton publishes "An Arrow Against All Tyrants and Tyranny", a major Leveller statement against arbitrary government and imprisonment
Gangraena", an alarmist account of sectarian activities
Publication of "Gangraena", an alarmist account of sectarian activities
Gangraena
Publication of "Gangraena", an alarmist account of sectarian activities
Exile of Hyde
Follows the future Charles II to Scilly then to Jersey
Death of Robert Devereux
Death of Robert Devereux
Begins History of the Rebellion
Hyde begins writing his History of the Rebellion during royalist exile.
Member of the Long Parliament
Sidney takes a seat in the Long Parliament.
A Minute or First Draught of the Optiques
Hobbes prepares A Minute or First Draught of the Optiques, his most developed treatment of optics.
Mathematics Tutor to Prince Charles
Hobbes becomes mathematics tutor to the exiled Prince Charles, the future Charles II.
Controversy with Longomontanus
Publication of "Controversy with Longomontanus"
Peace
Receives Charles Is peace offer to the Independents & communicates it to Cromwell
Levellers
Lilburne is imprisoned again, this time in the Tower of London, for denouncing his former army commander the Earl of Manchester as a Royalist sympathiser because he had protected an officer charged with treason. Campaigns to free Lilburne from prison help spawn the movement known as the Levellers
Treason
Lilburne is imprisoned again, this time in the Tower of London, for denouncing his former army commander the Earl of Manchester as a Royalist sympathiser, because he had protected an officer who had been charged with treason
Siege of Corfe Castle
The second siege, in 1646, is resisted for two months before the castle is betrayed by a member of the garrison. After its capture, the castle is slighted (destroyed) with some explosives mainly by "undermining" to ensure that it could never stand again as a Royalist stronghold
Petition
Walwyn helps organise London support for petitions demanding legal and political reform during the growth of the Leveller movement
Capture of Dartmouth
Discovers letters from the Queen enlisting French support. Captures Dartmouth
Release from Tower
Released from the Tower after accepting service with Parliament.
Siege of Corfe Castle
The second siege, in 1646, is resisted for two months before the castle is betrayed by a member of the garrison. After its capture, the castle is slighted (destroyed) with some explosives mainly by "undermining" to ensure that it could never stand again as a Royalist stronghold
Death of Robert Devereux
Death of the Earl of Essex
Resignation of Robert Devereux
Devereux resigns
Peace
Rejects the Newcastle Proposals to take the Covenant & Parliament control the militia
Vacuum Experiments
Pascal conducts experiments investigating atmospheric pressure and the possibility of a vacuum.
Descartes Refines Account Of Human Passions
Descartes worked to explain emotional experience through bodily processes and the mind's responses. The research bridged his physiology and moral philosophy rather than treating them as isolated inquiries.
Draft of The Passions of the Soul
Descartes completes a working draft explaining emotions through the union of mind and body.
Birth of Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz
Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz is born in Leipzig.
Exile of Rupert of the Rhine
After the fall of Oxford in 1646, Parliament banishes both Rupert of the Rhine and his brother from England
Siege of Bristol
Surrenders Bristol to the Parliamentarians
Capture of Torna
Shivaji captures Torna Fort, an early territorial gain that strengthens his emerging power in the western Deccan.
Mayoral Term
Concludes service as Mayor of Amsterdam after the 1638-1646 municipal term.
Battle of Callander
Achieves a minor success at the Battle of Callander
Battle of Speyside
Achieves a minor success at the Battle of Speyside
Chancellor
Appointed Chancellor of the University of Abo
Commander in Chief
Succeeds Lennart Torstenson as Commander in Chief of the Swedish army in Germany
Field Marshal
Returns to Germany as a Field Marshal
Resignation of Torstenson
Resigns due to ill health