1646 in History

Overton publishes "An Arrow Against All Tyrants and Tyranny", a major Leveller statement against arbitrary government and imprisonment

Overton publishes "An Arrow Against All Tyrants and Tyranny", a major Leveller statement against arbitrary government and imprisonment

Leaves Oxford to surrender himself to the Scots at Newark

Freed from captivity in St Michaels Mount by Thomas Fairfax

Captures Chester from Lord Byron

Asked by Charles to leave Scotland because Charles has joined the Covenanters

Sails for Norway

Accepts the surrender of Charles I at Newark

Asked by Charles to leave Scotland because Charles has joined the Covenanters

Departs from Oxford in disguise

After Cromwell's victory at Torrington Charles retreats to Penndennis Castle

Boarded on the Phoenix at Lands End & headed for the Scilly Isles

Lands at St Marys in the Scilly Isles exactly one year since leaving Oxford

Sets sail for Jersey from the Scilly Isles on the Proud Black Eagle

Sets sail for France to join his Mother Henrietta Maria

Defeated trying to join Charles I after his defeat at Naseby, flees to the Highlands

Sails for Norway

Receives his cousin Charles II during his exile from the English Civil War

Montrose receives a letter from Charles I asking him to withdraw from Scotland

Asked by Charles to leave Scotland because Charles has joined the Covenanters

Lilburne's imprisonment helps turn a circle of supporters into a wider Leveller movement, as campaigns for his liberty are presented as campaigns for the birthright liberties of all freeborn Englishmen

Overton helps define the emerging Leveller movement through the Remonstrance of Many Thousand Citizens, a radical petitionary text generally treated as one of the movement's founding documents

Overton is arrested after attacking the House of Lords, and his imprisonment strengthens the Leveller argument against arbitrary authority and unelected power

The soldiers in the New Model Army elect Agitators from each regiment to represent them; the Agitators are recognised by the Army commanders and sit on the General Council. Richard Overton is arrested for publishing a pamphlet attacking the House of Lords; during imprisonment he writes the influential Leveller manifesto "An Arrow Against All Tyrants and Tyranny"

Will disband his forces if he can live as a King & have a few friends in service. Offers peace to the Independents

Charles I enters Scottish custody, changing the political and military balance of the Civil War.

Charles I abandons Oxford and moves toward eventual surrender to the Scots.

Charles I remains in Scottish hands after the collapse of his remaining military position.

Truro falls and Hopton accepts Fairfax's terms, ending organised Royalist resistance in Cornwall.

Negotiations begin as Hopton recognises that continued Royalist resistance around Truro is unsustainable.

Hopton's troops are disbanded and he agrees to leave the country.

The last major Royalist field army is removed from the war, ending organised Royalist campaigning in the field.

Royalist forces at Exeter accept terms, accelerating the end of organised Royalist resistance in the west.

Surrenders the last Royalist Army to William Brereton

Defeated trying to join Charles I after his defeat at Naseby, flees to the Highlands

Newark is surrendered to the Scots

Oxford is surrendered to Parliament, only Pendennis, Raglan & Harlech remain

Oxford agrees surrender terms with Fairfax, ending the Royalist capital's resistance.

Fairfax receives Oxford's surrender and ends the king's wartime capital.

Oxford capitulates following the final siege of Oxford, and by the end of September 1646 Charles had neither army nor garrison in England, following the surrender of Thomas Blagge at Wallingford Castle after a siege conducted by Fairfax

Surrenders Oxford to Parliament

Raglan is surrendered to Parliament, ends military operations of the 1st civil war

Forced to surrender Raglan Castle to the Parliamentarians

Oxford capitulates following the final siege of Oxford, and by the end of September 1646 Charles had neither army nor garrison in England, following the surrender of Thomas Blagge at Wallingford Castle after a siege conducted by Fairfax

Charless supporters believe he is heading for London but he surrenders to the Scots

Slips out of Oxford in disguise

Surrenders to the Scots at Newark after defeat at Stowe-on-the-Wold

Hopton agrees surrender terms to Fairfax as Truro is captured from the Royalists

Parliamentarians approach Truro & Hopton sends out an offer to negotiate peace

Hopton agrees to disband his forces & go abroad

Surrenders the last Royalist Army to William Brereton

Fairfax receives the surrender of Oxford, ending the Royalists' principal headquarters and effectively closing the First Civil War.

Signs the Articles of Surrender at Exeter on behalf of the Royalists

Commands the New Model Army to victory over Goring, a final blow to the Royalist cause

Charles surrenders to the Scots

Astley leads the last Royalist field army before defeat at Stow-on-the-Wold.

Charles writes to his Queen that he has not enough forces to resist or escape. All that remains are garrisons in Oxford, Newark, Pendennis, Exeter & Raglan

Morgan commands Parliamentarian troops in the victory that ends organised Royalist field resistance.

Defeated by Cromwell in the final Battle of the campaign