Parliament
Following his Treaty with the Scots Parliament renounces allegiance to Charles I
Historical events in 1648
221 historical records
January 164814 historical events
Treaty of Scotland
Following his Treaty with the Scots Parliament renounces allegiance to Charles I
Treaty of Westphalia
Secures international recognition of Dutch sovereignty.
Peace of Westphalia
Serves on the Dutch delegation at Munster.
Peace of Westphalia
Helps secure Spanish recognition of Dutch independence.
Treaty of Westphalia
Pauw helps negotiate Dutch recognition in the Treaty of Munster.
Peace of Westphalia
Rules as Spain recognises the sovereignty of the Dutch Republic.
Treaty of Westphalia
The Dutch Republic's independence is recognised by Spain.
Peace of Westphalia
Bruges remains in the Spanish Netherlands after the Peace of Westphalia.
Treaty of Westphalia
Represents Spanish interests in negotiations with the Dutch Republic.
Peace of Westphalia
Represents Spanish interests in negotiations with the Dutch Republic.
Peace of Westphalia
Recognises the independence of the Dutch Republic in the Treaty of Munster.
Treaty of Westphalia
Recognises the independence of the Dutch Republic after decades of revolt.
Treaty of Westphalia
Spain recognises the independence of the Dutch Republic in the wider Westphalian settlement.
February 16481 historical events
Succession
Elected king after the death of Christian IV.
May 16482 historical events
Northern Royalist Campaign
Lambert commands Parliamentarian forces against renewed Royalist resistance in northern England during the Second Civil War.
Naval Command
Rainsborough receives naval command as Parliament confronts unrest and Royalist sympathy within sections of the fleet.
June 16481 historical events
Battle of Maidstone
Fairfax defeats Royalist insurgents at Maidstone during the Second Civil War and breaks the main Kentish rising.
July 16484 historical events
Invasion of England
Leads an inexperienced Army into England
Invasion of England
Joins Hamiltons expedition into England
Siege of Prague
Captures Prague's Lesser Town during the final war phase.
Recapture of Appleby Castle
Lambert recaptures Appleby Castle while containing northern Royalist forces before the Scottish Engager invasion.
August 164821 historical events
Battle of Preston
Cromwell attacks the Scottish Engager army near Preston and begins the three-day campaign that destroys the invasion supporting Charles I.
Battle of Preston
As a cavalry Commander serving under Cromwell defeats the Scottish-Royalists
Battle of Preston
Cromwell defeats the Engager army and breaks the main Royalist threat in the Second Civil War.
Battle of Preston
Lambert cooperates with Cromwell as Parliamentarian forces defeat the Engagers near Preston.
Battle of Preston
First day of the disastrous Battle of Preston
Battle of Preston
Hamilton commands the Scottish Engager army defeated by Cromwell during the Preston campaign.
Arrest of James Hamilton
Cromwell defeats the Scottish-Royalist invasion Army led by Hamilton
Battle of Preston
A small tributary of the Ribble, causes the poet John Milton later to write of "Darwens stream with blood of Scots imbued"
Battle of Winwick Pass
Fighting in the fields outside the town of Preston, the English Parliamentarian forces of Oliver Cromwell inflict a major reverse on the Anglo-Scottish Royalist army of the Duke of Hamilton
Royalist Army
Fighting in the fields outside the town of Preston, the English Parliamentarian forces of Oliver Cromwell inflict a major reverse on the Anglo-Scottish Royalist army of the Duke of Hamilton
Battle of Preston
The Scots are driven off by a charge of pikemen under Colonels Thomas Pride and Richard Dean
Battle of Preston
The Scots are driven off by a charge of pikemen under Colonels Thomas Pride and Richard Dean
Pursuit after Preston
Lambert leads the pursuit of the defeated Engager army south from Preston as Parliamentarian forces break the invasion apart.
Battle of Preston
The Scots are driven off by a charge of pikemen under Colonels Thomas Pride and Richard Dean. Surrenders at the Battle of Preston after making a final stand at Winwick. A victory by the troops of Oliver Cromwell over the Royalists and Scots commanded by the Duke of Hamilton, the Parliamentarian victory presaged the end of the Second English Civil War
Death of Herbert
Death of Edward Herbert
Arrest of James Hamilton
Captured near Uttoxeter
Court Martial at Colchester
Lucas is condemned after Colchester's surrender for returning to arms despite an earlier undertaking not to fight Parliament again.
Surrender of Colchester
Lucas surrenders with the Royalist garrison after the long siege of Colchester ends following the defeat at Preston.
Execution
Lucas is executed after Colchester's surrender as Parliament punishes renewed Royalist resistance.
Siege of Colchester
Fairfax receives the surrender of Colchester after a hard Royalist siege during the Second Civil War.
The Fronde
Faces parliamentary and noble revolt during childhood.
September 16486 historical events
Death of Marin Mersenne
Marin Mersenne dies in Paris after decades as a central correspondent in European intellectual life.
Levellers
Walwyn is associated with the London Leveller leadership as supporters present a major petition to Parliament demanding political and legal reforms grounded in popular liberties
Petition
Leveller supporters present a large London petition to Parliament demanding reforms associated with the Agreement of the People
Atmospheric Pressure Variation
Demonstrates that atmospheric pressure decreases with altitude.
Puy de Dome Experiment
Arranges pressure measurements at different elevations on Puy de Dome.
Constitution of France
Worried her son will be a "cardboard King". Signs a declaration granting further reform
October 1648102 historical events
Peace of Westphalia
Represents imperial interests in negotiations with France.
Peace of Westphalia
Serves the imperial delegation in the Munster negotiations.
Peace of Westphalia
Represents imperial interests in negotiations with Sweden.
Peace of Westphalia
Heads the imperial delegation during decisive phases of negotiation.
Peace of Westphalia
Begins reign as the Westphalian settlement changes north German politics.
Peace of Westphalia
Begins ruling Denmark as the Westphalian settlement alters north German politics.
Peace of Westphalia
Secures French gains while continuing the separate war against Spain.
Treaty of Westphalia
Mazarin continues the separate Franco Spanish war after the German peace.
Treaty of Westphalia
Mazarin presents the peace as a favourable settlement for France and a justification for stronger royal authority.
Treaty of Westphalia
Mazarin secures French gains while continuing war against Spain.
Peace of Westphalia
Works for French recognition of territorial rights in Alsace.
Treaty of Westphalia
Works for French recognition of territorial gains in Alsace.
Peace of Westphalia
Negotiates French interests during the peace congress at Munster.
Treaty of Westphalia
Helps negotiate French terms in the Westphalian peace congress.
Treaty of Westphalia
Represents French interests during the negotiations at Munster.
Peace of Westphalia
Leads the French delegation during the Westphalian negotiations.
Peace of Westphalia
France gains influence in Alsace and along the Rhine.
Treaty of Westphalia
France receives important Habsburg rights and influence in Alsace.
Treaty of Westphalia
France gains control of Breisach and strengthens its Rhine frontier.
Treaty of Westphalia
French possession of Metz is confirmed in the settlement.
Treaty of Westphalia
France receives garrison rights at Philippsburg on the Rhine.
Treaty of Westphalia
French possession of Toul is confirmed under the peace terms.
Treaty of Westphalia
French possession of Verdun is confirmed as part of the Three Bishoprics.
Treaty of Westphalia
France emerges from the settlement with increased influence on the Rhine.
Peace of Westphalia
The regency gains prestige from a favourable peace settlement.
Treaty of Westphalia
France receives Habsburg rights in Alsace under the Treaty of Westphalia.
Treaty of Westphalia
France confirms the Three Bishoprics while Lorraine remains a contested frontier region.
Treaty of Westphalia
France and Sweden guarantee the peace while France gains rights in Alsace.
Treaty of Westphalia
Munster hosts negotiations involving France, the Empire, Spain and the Dutch Republic.
Peace of Westphalia
Represents Mainz among Catholic estates willing to compromise.
Peace of Westphalia
Works on imperial legal terms at Osnabruck.
Peace of Westphalia
Receives restoration while Sweden gains nearby imperial territory.
Treaty of Westphalia
Mecklenburg receives compensation while Sweden gains nearby imperial lands.
Treaty of Westphalia
Mecklenburg's rights are restored after years of imperial and Swedish pressure.
Peace of Westphalia
Restores Wurttemberg lands after years of imperial and wartime losses.
Treaty of Westphalia
Wurttemberg recovers lands lost during the imperial occupation.
Peace of Westphalia
Recovers the Lower Palatinate and receives a restored electoral title.
Treaty of Westphalia
Charles Louis recovers the Lower Palatinate under the peace settlement.
Treaty of Westphalia
Charles Louis receives a restored Lower Palatinate and a new electorate.
Peace of Westphalia
His heirs regain part of the Palatinate after the war begun by his Bohemian claim.
Treaty of Westphalia
His heirs regain part of the Palatinate after the war that began with his rebellion.
Peace of Westphalia
Keeps the electoral dignity gained during the war.
Peace of Westphalia
Retains the Upper Palatinate in the peace settlement.
Treaty of Westphalia
Maximilian keeps the electoral dignity gained during the war.
Treaty of Westphalia
Bavaria keeps the Upper Palatinate gained during the war.
Peace of Westphalia
Receives Farther Pomerania after compromise with Sweden.
Peace of Westphalia
Receives Halberstadt as compensation for lost Pomeranian claims.
Peace of Westphalia
Receives Minden as part of postwar compensation.
Peace of Westphalia
Gains compensation that strengthens Brandenburg after the war.
Treaty of Westphalia
Receives Cammin as part of the settlement over Pomeranian claims.
Treaty of Westphalia
Receives Farther Pomerania after compromise with Sweden.
Treaty of Westphalia
Receives Halberstadt as compensation in the Westphalian settlement.
Treaty of Westphalia
Receives a future claim to Magdeburg after the administrator's death.
Treaty of Westphalia
Receives Minden and expands Brandenburg's north German holdings.
Treaty of Westphalia
Brandenburg gains Farther Pomerania and compensation in northern German bishoprics.
Treaty of Westphalia
Brandenburg gains Farther Pomerania and strengthens its position inside the Empire.
Peace of Westphalia
Maintains the Catholic ecclesiastical electorate within the settlement.
Treaty of Westphalia
The ecclesiastical electorate retains its Catholic position in the settlement.
Peace of Westphalia
Supports compromise intended to stabilise the Empire after the war.
Treaty of Westphalia
Schonborn supports a settlement designed to stabilise the Empire.
Peace of Westphalia
Saxony's possessions are confirmed but Brandenburg gains influence.
Treaty of Westphalia
Saxony's position is confirmed but its wider German leadership declines.
Treaty of Westphalia
Saxony's possessions and peace with Sweden are confirmed, though Brandenburg gains influence.
Peace of Westphalia
Trier's position is confirmed after years of French and imperial pressure.
Treaty of Westphalia
Trier's position is confirmed after years of French and imperial pressure.
Peace of Westphalia
Receives compensation after sustained Protestant warfare.
Peace of Westphalia
Gains Hersfeld as part of Hesse-Kassel's compensation.
Peace of Westphalia
Gains parts of Schaumburg in the postwar settlement.
Treaty of Westphalia
Hesse-Kassel receives territorial compensation after sustained Protestant warfare.
Treaty of Westphalia
Hesse-Kassel receives Hersfeld as part of its compensation.
Treaty of Westphalia
Hesse-Kassel gains parts of Schaumburg in the postwar settlement.
Treaty of Westphalia
Munster hosts major negotiations that form part of the peace settlement.
Peace of Westphalia
Represents hardline Catholic interests during the negotiations.
Peace of Westphalia
Habsburg control in Bohemia remains intact after the settlement.
Treaty of Westphalia
Habsburg control in Bohemia remains intact after the peace settlement.
Peace of Westphalia
Accepts the settlement that ends the Thirty Years War and reshapes imperial authority.
Peace
Signs the peace Treaty which ends the Thirty Years War
Treaty of Westphalia
Spain remains at war with France despite the wider Westphalian settlement.
Treaty of Westphalia
Helps secure Swedish terms during the Westphalian negotiations.
Treaty of Westphalia
Represents Sweden in negotiations with the Empire at Osnabruck.
Peace of Westphalia
Commands Swedish forces as the German war reaches settlement.
Treaty of Westphalia
Wrangel commands Swedish forces as the settlement ends the imperial war.
Peace of Westphalia
Helps secure Swedish compensation and imperial rights.
Peace of Westphalia
Leads Sweden's delegation in negotiations with the Empire.
Peace of Westphalia
His wartime policy is rewarded by Swedish territorial gains.
Treaty of Westphalia
Oxenstierna's diplomacy secures Swedish rewards for wartime intervention.
Treaty of Westphalia
Sweden gains Western Pomerania, Wismar, Bremen and Verden.
Peace of Westphalia
Sweden is recognised as a guarantor of the settlement.
Treaty of Westphalia
Sweden receives the secularised archbishopric of Bremen.
Treaty of Westphalia
Sweden receives Verden and expands its north German influence.
Treaty of Westphalia
Sweden receives Western Pomerania and gains a foothold in the Empire.
Treaty of Westphalia
Sweden is recognised as a guarantor of the Westphalian peace.
Treaty of Westphalia
Sweden receives Wismar as part of its Baltic and imperial settlement.
Peace of Westphalia
Helps secure recognition of Swiss independence from imperial jurisdiction.
Death at Doncaster
Royalist raiders kill Rainsborough at Doncaster while he is serving with Parliament's northern forces.
Levellers
Rainsborough is killed at Doncaster after becoming identified with the Leveller cause, and his funeral later becomes a large Leveller demonstration in London
Levellers
Thomas Rainsborough is killed in Doncaster; he was a Member of Parliament and Leveller sympathiser who had spoken at the Putney Debates, and his funeral later becomes a large Leveller-led demonstration in London
Command Ordered to Pontefract
Rainsborough is ordered north to take command around the Royalist stronghold of Pontefract during renewed resistance.
Rule of Bremen
Sweden gains the Bishopric of Bremen
Rule of Pomerania
Sweden gains west Pomerania
Rule of Verden
Sweden gains the Bishopric of Verden
Rule of Wismar
Sweden gains Wismar
November 16482 historical events
Funeral
Rainsborough's funeral becomes a mass Leveller demonstration in London, with supporters using sea-green ribbons as political symbols
Army Remonstrance
Ireton helps shape the Army Remonstrance demanding justice against Charles I after the renewed fighting of the Second Civil War.
December 164822 historical events
Arrest of Charles I
The Army siezes Charles I
Constitution of England
Expels 140 Presbyterians & Royalists from Parliament, creating the rump Parliament
Parliament
Expels 140 Presbyterians & Royalists from Parliament, creating the rump Parliament
Prides Purge
Expels 140 Presbyterians & Royalists from Parliament, creating the rump Parliament. Divisions emerge culminating in Prides Purge when, under the orders of Oliver Cromwell's son-in-law Henry Ireton, Colonel Pride physically bars about half of the members of Parliament from taking their seats
Pride's Purge
Pride excludes MPs considered hostile to the army and clears the way for the king's trial.
Long Parliament
Divisions emerge culminating in Prides Purge when, under the orders of Oliver Cromwell's son-in-law Henry Ireton, Colonel Pride physically bars about half of the members of Parliament from taking their seats
Prides Purge
Divisions emerge culminating in Prides Purge when, under the orders of Oliver Cromwell's son-in-law Henry Ireton, Colonel Pride physically bars about half of the members of Parliament from taking their seats
Treaty of Newport
Asks Pride to exclude from Parliament those who had voted for the Newport Treaty
Long Parliament
Divisions emerge culminating in Prides Purge when, under the orders of Oliver Cromwell's son-in-law Henry Ireton, Colonel Pride physically bars about half of the members of Parliament from taking their seats
Prides Purge
Divisions emerge culminating in Prides Purge when, under the orders of Oliver Cromwell's son-in-law Henry Ireton, Colonel Pride physically bars about half of the members of Parliament from taking their seats
Arrest of Members of Parliament
Pride's troops arrest dozens of MPs during the purge that leaves the reduced House later known as the Rump Parliament.
Pride's Purge
Pride stations soldiers outside the Commons and begins excluding members considered likely to continue negotiations with Charles I.
Dissolution of Parliament
Attempts to form a provisional Government around the Independent Members of Parliament
Parliament
Opposes Colonel Thomas Prides purge of Parliament
Provisional Government
Attempts to form a provisional Government around the Independent Members of Parliament
Trial
The "Rump Parliament" of 60 members votes that Charles be brought to trial
Execution
In the wake of the ejections from the Long Parliament, the remnant, the Rump Parliament, arranges for the trial and execution of Charles I
Rump Parliament
In the wake of the ejections from the Long Parliament, the remnant, the Rump Parliament, arranges for the trial and execution of Charles I
Siege of Pontefract Castle
Lambert takes command of the Parliamentarian siege of Pontefract after the northern Royalist rising is largely defeated.
Execution
In the wake of the ejections from the Long Parliament, the remnant, the Rump Parliament, arranges for the trial and execution of Charles I
Rump Parliament
In the wake of the ejections from the Long Parliament, the remnant, the Rump Parliament, arranges for the trial and execution of Charles I
Siege of Paris
Parlement refuses funds & Mazarin calls on the Condes troops to surround Paris
Chemical Medicine Treatise
Presents influential ideas concerning gases, digestion and chemical processes.
Ortus Medicinae
His collected medical and chemical writings are published posthumously.
Constitution of England
Fails to persuade Charles to accept Constitutional limitations on monarchy. Agrees Parliaments decision to cease constitutional negotiations with the King
Constitution of England
Before the execution of Charles I the Commons makes itself the highest body
Execution
Before the execution of Charles I the Commons makes itself the highest body
Death of Thomas Fairfax
Death of Ferdinando Fairfax
Birth of John Sheffield
Birth of John Sheffield, only son of the 2nd Earl of Mulgrave
Exile of Edward Somerset
Forced into exile
Diplomatic Negotiations at London
Parliament discovers Charles secret negotiations with Scotland
Prince Charles Tutoring
Hobbes's period as mathematics tutor to Prince Charles ends when the prince leaves Paris.
Execution
Fairfax leads the successful siege of Colchester, after the surrender of which he approves the execution of the Royalist leaders Sir Charles Lucas and Sir George Lisle, holding that these officers had broken their parole
Siege of Colchester
Fairfax leads the successful siege of Colchester, after the surrender of which he approves the execution of the Royalist leaders Sir Charles Lucas and Sir George Lisle, holding that these officers had broken their parole
Execution
Fairfax leads the successful siege of Colchester, after the surrender of which he approves the execution of the Royalist leaders Sir Charles Lucas and Sir George Lisle, holding that these officers had broken their parole
Siege of Colchester
Fairfax leads the successful siege of Colchester, after the surrender of which he approves the execution of the Royalist leaders Sir Charles Lucas and Sir George Lisle, holding that these officers had broken their parole
Levellers
Thomas Rainsborough is killed; he was a Member of Parliament and Leveller sympathiser who had spoken at the Putney Debates. His funeral becomes a large Leveller-led demonstration in London
Execution
Fairfax leads the successful siege of Colchester, after the surrender of which he approves the execution of the Royalist leaders Sir Charles Lucas and Sir George Lisle, holding that these officers had broken their parole
Siege of Colchester
Fairfax leads the successful siege of Colchester, after the surrender of which he approves the execution of the Royalist leaders Sir Charles Lucas and Sir George Lisle, holding that these officers had broken their parole
Constitution of France
Grants concessions to the Chambre by withdrawing Mazarines intendants. Describes the Chambre as a "republic within the monarchy"
Arrest of Pierre Broussel and other parlementaires
Arrests 3 troublemakers in Parlement including Broussel after the Battle of Lens
Arrest of Pierre Broussel
Demonstrators force Anne to release Broussel & call for the removal of Mazarin
Demonstrations
Demonstrators force Anne to release Broussel & call for the removal of Mazarin
Comments on a Certain Broadsheet
Descartes publishes a defence of his philosophy against positions associated with Henricus Regius.
Descartes Disputes Regius Interpretation Of Cartesianism
Descartes published a response to Henricus Regius after disagreements over the nature of the mind. The exchange distinguished his own metaphysical commitments from a former follower's interpretations.
Battle of Lens
France defeats Spain
Commander of Fleet
Appointed Commander of the Royalist Fleet, reconcilled with Charles I
Court Moves to Shahjahanabad
Shah Jahan transfers the Mughal court to the newly built capital of Shahjahanabad and its Red Fort.
Ulster Truce
Makes a controversial truce with Irish Confederate forces to preserve his position in Ulster.
Independence of Netherlands
The 7 Dutch Provinces are granted independence. Spain gies up the "generality of lands" & closes the port of Antwerp
Peace
Signs a peace Treaty with Spain ending 80 years of war. Establishes peace with Spain which recognizes the Independence of the United Provinces
Treaty of Munster
The south remains under Spanish rule. Recognizes the Independence of the Dutch Republic of the United Provinces
Reballion of Cossacks
The Cossacks rebel under Chmielnicki
Succession
Succeeds as King of Poland
Parliament
Opens the Zemski Sobor, Parliament, to redress grievances
Exile of Alexis I Mikhaylovich
Has his tutor & regent exiled after the rebellion of Moscow to save his life
Marriage
Marries Maria Miloslavskaia
Reballion of Bogdan Chmielnicki
Bogdan Chmielnicki leads a Cossack rebellion in the Ukraine
Battle of Korsun
The Cossacks win the Battle of Korsun
Battle of Zolte Wody
The Cossacks win the Battle of Zolte Wody
Reballion of Rebels in Moscow
The rebellion leeds to the drafting of a new code of law, Sobornoe Ulozhenie
Reballion of Bogdan Chmielnicki
Bogdan Chmielnicki leads a Cossack rebellion in the Ukraine
Reballion of Bogdan Chmielnicki
Bogdan Chmielnicki leads a Cossack rebellion in the Ukraine
Lieutenant
Appointed Lieutenant General of foot in the Duke of Hamiltons Army
Lieutenant
Appointed Lieutenant General of foot in the Duke of Hamiltons Army
Treaty of Munster
Recognizes the independence of the United Provinces
Governor
Appointed Governor General of Finland, 2nd term
Commander in Chief
Appointed Commander in Chief of the Army