Trial
Parliament passes an Ordinance setting up a High Court of Justice to try Charles I
Historical events in 1649
175 historical records
January 164927 historical events
Flight from Paris
Leaves Paris during the Fronde unrest.
Trial of Charles I
Bradshaw presides over the High Court of Justice during the trial of Charles I.
Levellers
Lilburne and the Leveller movement press the revised Agreement of the People as a proposed written constitution, but Parliament does not adopt it as the national settlement
Treason
Charles I goes on trial for treason
Trial
Charles I goes on trial for treason
Trial
Charles I goes on trial, he refuses to plead
Execution
One of the signatories of Charles Is death warrant
Execution
One of the signatories of Charles Is death warrant
Trial
Sentenced to death as a "tyrant, traitor & murderer"
Interregnum
Bradshaw pronounced sentence against Charles I before the regicide.
Death Warrant of Charles I
Ireton signs the death warrant authorising the execution of Charles I after the King's conviction by the High Court.
Signing of Death Warrant
Pride signs the death warrant for Charles I after the High Court reaches its judgment against the King.
Law Code
The Zemsky Sobor adopts the Sobornoye Ulozheniye, the great law code of Muscovite Russia
Serfdom
The Ulozheniye legally binds peasants more tightly to landowners and helps define hereditary serf status
Execution
Charles I is executed outside the Banqueting House after conviction for treason.
Death of Charles I
Says to Bishop Juxon, "I go from a corruptible crown to an uncorruptible crown"
Death of Charles I
Walks from St James Palace to his execution at Whitehall
Execution
Says to Bishop Juxon, "I go from a corruptible crown to an uncorruptible crown"
Execution
Walks from St James Palace to his execution at Whitehall
Interregnum
Charles I was executed, removing the monarch and beginning republican government.
Succession
The interregnum lasts until 1660, ended by the restoration of Charles II. 1st day of the Interregnum, rule without monarchy
Execution
Executes Charles I
Death of Charles I
Death of Charles I
Execution
Executed in front of the Whitehall Banqueting House; Charles II is proclaimed king in Scotland after the execution
Interregnum
Cromwell supported the trial and execution that preceded abolition of the monarchy.
High Court of Justice
Pride is appointed among the commissioners of the High Court established to try Charles I for high treason.
February 164914 historical events
Interregnum
The Scottish Parliament proclaimed Charles II while England remained a republic.
Interregnum
Marten supported the Commons resolution declaring the office of king unnecessary and dangerous.
Burial
Permission was refused for his burial in the Henry VII Chapel in Westminster Abbey
Constitution of England
A Council of State becomes an executive over the House of Commons
Chairman
Appointed Chairman of the Council of State
Execution
George de Carteret has Charles proclaimed King in Saint Helier, after the execution of his father, Charles I
Succession
George de Carteret has Charles proclaimed King in Saint Helier, after the execution of his father, Charles I
England's New Chains Discovered", attacking the new regime
Lilburne publishes "England's New Chains Discovered", attacking the new regime and warning that the people remain unfree after the King's execution
England's New Chains Discovered
Lilburne publishes "England's New Chains Discovered", attacking the new regime and warning that the people remain unfree after the King's execution
Reform of Government
A committee including Cromwell revises the lists of JPs throughout England & Wales
Appointment as General at Sea
Parliament appoints Blake as one of the generals at sea to command Commonwealth naval operations.
England's New Chains Discovered
Lilburne publishes England's New Chains Discovered and attacks the concentration of political power in the Army and Rump Parliament.
Levellers
Lilburne publishes England's New Chains Discovered, attacking the army-dominated government for betraying the liberties for which Parliamentarian soldiers and civilians had fought
Execution
Held at Windsor Castle & tried
March 164917 historical events
Civil War
Condemned to death
Death of Henry Rich
Death of Henry Rich, 1st Earl of Holland
Death of James Hamilton
Death of James Hamilton, executed
Execution
Executed at Windsor
Peace
Peace between the frondeurs, rebels, and the French court
Constitution of England
The Commons abolishes the House of Lords, against Cromwell's will
Surrender of Pontefract Castle
Lambert commands the closing phase of the siege that ends with Pontefract Castle surrendering to Parliament.
The Second Part of England's New Chains Discovered", renewing Leveller criticism of the Council of State
Lilburne publishes "The Second Part of England's New Chains Discovered", renewing Leveller criticism of the Council of State and Army Grandees
The Second Part of England's New Chains Discovered
Lilburne publishes "The Second Part of England's New Chains Discovered", renewing Leveller criticism of the Council of State and Army Grandees
Arrest of Leveller Leaders
Lilburne is arrested with other Leveller leaders after renewed pamphlet attacks on the post-regicide government.
Imprisonment
Walwyn is imprisoned in the Tower with Lilburne, Overton and Prince as the government suppresses the Leveller leadership
Imprisonment
Overton is imprisoned in the Tower with Lilburne, Walwyn and Prince after the Council of State moves against the Leveller leadership
Levellers
Walwyn is arrested with Lilburne, Overton and Thomas Prince after renewed Leveller attacks on the new regime, showing the Commonwealth's determination to break the movement's leadership
Arrest of Thomas Prince
Prince is arrested with other Leveller leaders and brought before the Council of State before imprisonment in the Tower of London
Treaty of Saint-Germain
Parisians agree to lay down their arms. Agrees to restore the Bastille to the crown for an amnesty & Louis to return to Paris
Constitution of England
The monarchy is abolished. The House of Lords is abolished
House of Lords
The House of Lords is abolished
April 16499 historical events
Birth of illegitimate son
Born in Rotterdam, eldest illegitimate son of Charles II and Lucy Walter during the royal exile after the execution of Charles I
Manifestation
Walwyn joins Lilburne, Overton and Prince in issuing a Leveller Manifestation defending their principles while under prosecution
Refusal to March from Bishopsgate
Lockyer joins soldiers at Bishopsgate who resist orders to leave London before grievances over pay and service are resolved.
Levellers
Elizabeth Lilburne helps lead Leveller women petitioners demanding the release of imprisoned Leveller leaders and asserting that women also have an interest in the liberties of the Commonwealth
Court Martial
Lockyer is condemned by court martial after the Bishopsgate mutiny and becomes a symbol of Leveller-linked military resistance.
Execution
Lockyer is executed by firing squad after the Bishopsgate mutiny, becoming a Leveller martyr
Levellers
Lockyer is executed after the Bishopsgate mutiny, becoming a Leveller martyr whose funeral draws a large London demonstration marked by sea-green ribbons and rosemary
Funeral
Lockyer's funeral becomes a large Leveller demonstration, with mourners wearing sea-green ribbons and rosemary in memory of the cause
Leveller Constitutional Campaign
Wildman remains associated with Leveller efforts to secure constitutional guarantees as conflict grows between radicals and the Commonwealth government.
May 164914 historical events
Agreement of the Free People
Lilburne and fellow Levellers issue the Agreement of the Free People while imprisoned, setting out their constitutional programme.
Agreement of the Free People
Lilburne and the imprisoned Leveller leaders issue "An Agreement of the Free People of England" as a proposed constitutional settlement
Suppression of Burford Mutiny
Cromwell helps suppress the Leveller-linked mutiny at Burford after army units resist orders and challenge the authority of their commanders.
Levellers
Church is shot with other Leveller mutineers after the Burford rising, marking the destruction of the Levellers' organised support base within the New Model Army
Siege of Northampton
A Parliamentary force under Colonel Reynolds defeats the Levellers
Commonwealth
Parliament declares England a commonwealth with supreme authority in the Commons
Constitution of England
Parliament declares England a commonwealth with supreme authority in the Commons
Declaration of Commonwealth
Parliament declares England a commonwealth with supreme authority in the Commons
Parliament
Parliament declares England a commonwealth with supreme authority in the Commons
Reform of Parliament
Parliament declares England a commonwealth with supreme authority in the Commons
Levellers
Puts down the Leveller mutiny
Reballion of Rebels in Burford
Puts down the Leveller mutiny
Siege of Northampton
Mutinous Leveller troops under William Thompson occupy Northampton
Siege of Northampton
Mutinous Leveller troops under William Thompson occupy Northampton
August 16491 historical events
Interregnum
Cromwell led the Commonwealth campaign to impose parliamentary authority in Ireland.
September 16499 historical events
Death of Robert Dudley
Death of Robert Dudley
Reballion of Rebels in Drogheda
Aston refuses to surrender, Cromwell says he is not responsible for the bloodshed
Reballion of Rebels in Drogheda
"Unanimous in their resolution to perish rather than to deliver up the place". Refuses to surrender Drogheda
Reballion of Rebels in Drogheda
Aston refuses to surrender, Cromwell says he will not be held responsible
Storming of Drogheda
Cromwell storms Drogheda after refusing surrender terms and captures the Royalist garrison.
Reballion of Rebels in Drogheda
Orders a massacre of 1,500, including English Royalists, civilians & Catholic priests. More that 3,500 defenders of Drogheda are killed, including 1,000 civilians. Launches a policy of terror to prevent the "effusion of blood". 1st day of the assault on Drogheda but Cromwell is forced to make a temporary retreat
Reballion of Rebels in Drogheda
Killed during the first days assault on Drogheda
Death of Arthur Aston
Aston is killed after Parliamentarian troops storm Drogheda.
Battle of Pilawce
A Polish force of 36,000 is defeated by the Cossacks
October 16498 historical events
Reballion of Rebels in Wexford
Cromwell arrives outside Wexford with 7,000 foot & 2,000 horse
Reballion of Rebels in Wexford
Requests Wexford to surrender but Sinnott refuses & waits for reinforcements
Sack of Wexford
Cromwell's forces capture Wexford after negotiations collapse and Parliamentarian troops enter the town.
Reballion of Rebels in Wexford
Stafford surrenders Wexford Castle to Cromwell. Cromwell occupies Wexford Castle & 1,500 in Wexford are massacred
Fall of Wexford
Sinnott commands Wexford during the crisis that ends with Parliamentarian capture of the town.
Acquittal for High Treason
A London jury acquits Lilburne of high treason after a celebrated trial arising from his attacks on the Commonwealth government.
Reballion of Rebels in Drogheda
Set aside as a day of thanksgiving for the surrender of Drogheda
Reballion of Rebels in Wexford
Orders the massacre of Wexford
November 16492 historical events
Constitution of England
Calls for the adoption of the Leveller programme. Calls for the trial of the King, the abolition of the Army
Remonstrance-Army
Introduces the Remonstrance of the Army to Parliament
December 16491 historical events
Arrest of Charles I
Orders Charles I to be transferred to Hurst Castle
The Tenure of King's and Magistrates
Publication of "The Tenure of King's & Magistrates"
Recall from Ulster
Recalled after his Ulster policy becomes unacceptable to Parliament.
Commonwealth
The Rump Parliament is responsible for the setting up of the Commonwealth of England
Commonwealth
"be true & faithful to the Commonwealth of England, without a King or House of Lords"
Oath
"be true & faithful to the Commonwealth of England, without a King or House of Lords"
Reform of Government
A committee including Cromwell revises the lists of JPs throughout England & Wales. The name of the King's Bench is changed to the Upper Bench
Chairman
Appointed Chairman of the Council of State, 1st term
Commander in Chief
Appointed Commander in Chief
Lord Lieutenant
Appointed Lord Lieutenant of Ireland
Great Seal
Commissioned by the Commons to produce a new Great Seal
Interregnum
Vane served on the Council of State governing the Commonwealth.
Interregnum
Chaloner participated in legislation establishing the new republican settlement.
Birth of Titus Oates
Birth of Titus Oates
Commonwealth
The Rump Parliament is responsible for the setting up of the Commonwealth of England
Rump Parliament
The Rump Parliament is responsible for the setting up of the Commonwealth of England
Death Warrant
Signs Charles Is death warrant
Banbury Mutineers
Cromwell attacked the "Banbury mutineers", 400 troopers who supported the Levellers and who were commanded by Captain William Thompson
Levellers
Cromwell attacked the "Banbury mutineers", 400 troopers who supported the Levellers and who were commanded by Captain William Thompson
Commander of Fleet
Appointed Commander of the Fleet
Trial
Presides over the Trial of Charles I & pronounces the death sentence
Bishopsgate Mutiny
Lockyer supports the Bishopsgate mutiny, in which soldiers refuse orders to leave London while Leveller grievances over Ireland service and soldiers' rights remain unresolved
Reballion of Rebels in Drogheda
Unsuccessfully blockades Drogheda against Cromwell's forces
Reballion of Rebels in Dundalk
After the bloodshed of Drogheda Dundalk surrenders without resistance
Reballion of Rebels in New Ross
Accepts the surrender of New Ross
Reballion of Rebels in Trim
After the bloodshed of Drogheda Trim surrenders without resistance
Reballion of Rebels in Drogheda
Beaten to death with his wooden leg by Cromwell's forces
Commander of Fleet
Appointed Commander of the Fleet
Move to Sweden
Descartes accepts Queen Christina's invitation and travels to Stockholm to join her court.
Animadversiones on Epicurus
Gassendi publishes his extensive reconstruction and commentary on Epicurean philosophy.
Descartes Explains Wonder And Emotional Regulation
In The Passions of the Soul Descartes analyzed emotions including wonder and their effects on conduct. He argued that understanding bodily responses could improve the governance of passions.
The Passions of the Soul
Descartes publishes The Passions of the Soul, his major study of emotion and moral psychology.
Capture of Paris
The Fronde capture the Bastille & install Brousels son as its Governor
Siege of Paris
The Fronde close the Paris gates & create an army to release the King
Peace Implementation
Governs in the post-Westphalian settlement of the Brunswick-Luneburg territories
Reconstruction
Works to restore Brunswick-Wolfenbuttel after the disruptions of the Thirty Years War
Peace of Westphalia
Restores ducal government in Wurttemberg after the Peace of Westphalia.
Reconstruction
Begins rebuilding Wurttemberg after severe losses during the Thirty Years War
Reconstruction
Begins rebuilding the Palatinate after decades of war and exile
Territorial Settlement
Takes possession of the Lower Palatinate under the Westphalian settlement
Peace of Westphalia
Faces post-war demobilisation and settlement obligations after the Peace of Westphalia.
Peace Implementation
Implements the Westphalian settlement confirming his electoral dignity and Bavarian gains
Imperial Politics
Acts as a leading imperial prince during the post-war settlement after Westphalia
Peace Implementation
Applies the Westphalian settlement in Saxony after the end of the Thirty Years War
Peace Implementation
Implements the Westphalian settlement that confirms Brandenburg-Prussia post-war compensations
Reconstruction
Begins post-war reconstruction of Brandenburg after the devastation of the Thirty Years War
Territorial Settlement
Uses the Westphalian settlement to strengthen Brandenburg claims in Pomerania and other imperial territories
Restoration
Returns to the devastated Palatinate and reclaims his fathers electoral title and most former territories
Peace Implementation
Supports the implementation of the Westphalian peace settlement in the Empire
Religious Settlement
Saxony works within the post-Westphalian settlement protecting Lutheran rights in the Empire
Siege of Wexford
Arrives in Wexford with 1,500 men to defend it against Cromwell
Reballion of Rebels in Wexford
Attempts to negotiate with Cromwell
Literature
Continues his public career as a Dutch poet and statesman known as Father Cats
Mayoral Term
Concludes service as Mayor of Amsterdam after the 1627-1649 municipal term.
Mayoral Term
Concludes service as Mayor of Amsterdam after the 1639-1649 municipal term.
Republican Politics
Leads the Amsterdam regent interest that resists the growing authority of William II
Republican Politics
Acts with the Amsterdam regents who oppose the military ambitions of the House of Orange
Restoration Policy
Works for the restoration of his brother-in-law Charles II after the execution of Charles I
Army Dispute
Opposes republican pressure to reduce the Dutch army after the peace with Spain
Peace Opposition
Opposes the consequences of the Peace of Munster because it leaves the southern Netherlands under Spanish rule
Grand Pensionary
Serves as Grand Pensionary of Holland during the post-war settlement of the Dutch Republic
Great Seal
Holds the office of keeper of the great seal while serving the States of Holland
Reform of Legal System
Promulgates the Soborn Ulozheniye, a code of laws for legitimizing serfdom. New Law Code, Sobornoe ulozhenie
Reform of Legal System
Parliament produces the Code of Law, Ulozhenie, to redress widespread discontent
Court Politics
After the Moscow uprising and the 1649 assembly, Morozov loses his dominant place as court favourite
Copies of the Sobornoye Ulozheniye are issued to
Copies of the Sobornoye Ulozheniye are issued to Moscow government offices as a guide to law and administration
Codification
Works as a scribe on the 1649 law code commission
Codification
Works as a scribe on the compilation of the Sobornoye Ulozheniye
Codification
Serves on the drafting commission for the Sobornoye Ulozheniye of 1649
Codification
Heads the special commission that drafts the Sobornoye Ulozheniye for the Zemsky Sobor
Codification
Serves on the commission preparing the new Russian law code under Tsar Alexis I
Council
The patriarch and consecrated clergy take part in the upper house of the Zemsky Sobor that approves the code
White Palace Completed
The main White Palace section of the Potala is completed.
Treaty of Zborow
A temporary Cossack-Polish peace