1650 in History

Arrested & taken to Ardvreck Castle

Montrose is betrayed his host Neil Macleod of Assynt at Ardvreck Castle

Arrested at Ardvreck Castle on Loch Assynt & handed over to the Covenanters

Taken from Ardvreck Castle & handed over to General Leslie

Led through Edinburgh by the Covenanters but his courage raises admiration

Taken through Fife & shipped to Leith

Montrose is betrayed his host Neil Macleod of Assynt at Ardvreck Castle

Lands with an invasion force on the Orkneys

Reaches Strath Oykel waiting to be joined by the Monroes & Rosses

Defeated by a royalist cavalry led by Colonel Strachan

Arrives at Thurso with the intention of joining up with the Mackenzies in Inverness

Charles II does not defend him because he tries to win the support of the Covenanters

Persues Cromwell & that evening posts the Scots at Doon Hill about 2 miles from Dunbar

Defeated despite having a force of 22,000, a 2:1 advantage

Succeeds Fairfax as captain-general and commander in chief before the Scottish campaign.

Monck advises Cromwell before the Parliamentarian attack on the Scottish army at Dunbar.

Arrested at Ardvreck Castle on Loch Assynt & handed over to the Covenanters

Led through Edinburgh by the Covenanters but his courage raises admiration

Charles II does not defend him because he tries to win the support of the Covenanters

Marches into Scotland with Cromwell's army during the campaign against the Covenanters.

Charles left Breda for Scotland after accepting the negotiated settlement.

Joins the pursuit after the Scottish army collapses following Cromwell's victory at Dunbar.

Takes part in operations around Edinburgh before the crisis at Dunbar.

Maintains pressure on Edinburgh Castle before its surrender to Parliament.

Sentenced to death, refuses to repent

Executed at Market Cross for treason by order of the English Parliament. Death of James Graham, executed for treason by order of the English Parliament

Sovereignty of the Provinces is declared by a General Assembly of 7 Provinces

Charles accepted the Treaty of Breda to obtain Scottish support for his restoration.

Cromwell defeated the Scottish army supporting Charles II at Dunbar.

Montrose lands from the Orkneys with 1,500 in the service of Charles II

Sets off with a force to invade Scotland

Crosses the Scottish border at the head of an Army of 16,000

Holds a council of war & decides to retreat to Dunbar & fortify the town

Crosses the Scottish border with an invasion force led by Cromwell

Lands with an invasion force on the Orkneys

Wounded & defeated in battle, the invasion is defeated & Montrose flees to the hills

Crosses the Scottish border with an invasion force led by Cromwell

Defends Scotland from invasion by Oliver Cromwell after Charles II lands in Scotland

Crosses the Scottish border with an invasion force led by Cromwell

Charles II lands in Scotland and becomes the focus of Royalist and Covenanter resistance.

Helps secure Leith as Parliamentarian forces consolidate around Edinburgh.

Cromwell returns to England after leaving the Irish command to Henry Ireton.

Chosen for senior command in Cromwell's army before the invasion of Scotland.

Charles opened negotiations with commissioners representing the Scottish Parliament.

Arrested at Ardvreck Castle on Loch Assynt & handed over to the Covenanters

Montrose lands from the Orkneys with 1,500 in the service of Charles II

Wounded & defeated in battle, the invasion is defeated & Montrose flees to the hilss

Cromwell's troops suffer heavy losses when Hugh Dubh O'Neill's defence traps the attackers at Clonmel.

ONeill's defence inflicts heavy losses on Cromwell's troops before withdrawing from Clonmel.

Holds a council of war & decides to retreat to Dunbar & fortify the town. Decides to Fortify Dunbar in the hope of provoking Leslie into battle

Offers the Scots battle, they refuse & Cromwell falls back to Dunbar

Begins operations around Edinburgh after victory at Dunbar weakens Scottish resistance in the south.

Charles II does not defend him because he tries to win the support of the Covenanters

Cromwell accepts Kilkenny's surrender after disease and bombardment weaken the Confederate garrison.

Lands with an invasion force on the Orkneys

Edinburgh Castle surrenders to Parliamentarian forces after Cromwell's army occupies southern Scotland.

Executed at Market Cross for treason by order of the English Parliament. Death of James Graham, executed for treason by order of the English Parliament

Charles accepted the agreement permitting his return to Scotland under stringent political and religious conditions.

Sentenced to death, refuses to repent

Born at Ashe House near Musbury, Devon, into a gentry family whose fortunes had suffered during the Civil War.

Birth of William III, son of William II Prince of Orange & Mary Stuart

Birth of William III, son of William II Prince of Orange & Mary Stuart

William III of Orange is born at The Hague, the posthumous son of William II, Prince of Orange, and Mary Stuart.

Death of James Graham, executed for treason by order of the English Parliament

Rene Descartes dies in Stockholm after a severe respiratory illness, aged fifty-three.

Wounded & defeated in battle, the invasion is defeated & Montrose flees to the hilss. Wounded & defeated in battle, the invasion is defeated & Montrose flees to the hills

Cromwells 8000 men eventually take the town from its 1000 Irish defenders, but not before they suffer heavy losses

Cromwells men are trapped by Hugh Dubh ONeill, 2,500 are killed. Cromwell's 8000 men eventually take the town from its 1000 Irish defenders, but not before they suffer heavy losses

Writes that lying outside Dunbar is consuming the army as sickness spreads before battle.

Defeats David Leslie's Scottish army at Dunbar and opens the route to Edinburgh.

Helps Cromwell defeat the Scottish Army

Convinces the Council of War that the Scots are vulnerable at Dunbar

Leads a cavalry charge leaving the Scots with 3,000 killed to the Roundheads 30

Lambert helps command Parliamentarian forces during the victory at Dunbar.

Commands the Scottish Army which is defeated by Oliver Cromwell

Leslie commands the Scottish Covenanter army defeated by Cromwell at Dunbar.

Commands infantry during Cromwell's victory over the Scottish Covenanter army at Dunbar.

Overton commands a brigade of Foot at the Battle of Dunbar

Commands a brigade of Foot

Charles II does not defend him because he tries to win the support of the Covenanters

Marches to Haddington persued by Leslie who puts Cromwell's rearguard into disorder

Persues Cromwell's forces to Haddington & creates disorder among the rearguard

Defeated by a royalist cavalry led by Colonel Strachan