Invasion of Scotland
Defends Scotland from invasion by Oliver Cromwell after Charles II lands in Scotland
Historical events in 1650
117 historical records
January 16501 historical events
February 16501 historical events
Death of Rene Descartes
Rene Descartes dies in Stockholm after a severe respiratory illness, aged fifty-three.
March 16505 historical events
Scottish Negotiations at Breda
Charles opened negotiations with commissioners representing the Scottish Parliament.
Siege of Kilkenny
Cromwell accepts Kilkenny's surrender after disease and bombardment weaken the Confederate garrison.
Civil War
Lands with an invasion force on the Orkneys
Invasion of Scotland
Lands with an invasion force on the Orkneys
Siege of Orkneys
Lands with an invasion force on the Orkneys
April 165015 historical events
Civil War
Reaches Strath Oykel waiting to be joined by the Monroes & Rosses
Battle of Carbisdale
Wounded & defeated in battle, the invasion is defeated & Montrose flees to the hilss. Wounded & defeated in battle, the invasion is defeated & Montrose flees to the hills
Battle of Strath Oykel
Defeated by a royalist cavalry led by Colonel Strachan
Invasion of Scotland
Wounded & defeated in battle, the invasion is defeated & Montrose flees to the hills
Siege of Carbisdale
Wounded & defeated in battle, the invasion is defeated & Montrose flees to the hilss
Civil War
Defeated by a royalist cavalry led by Colonel Strachan
Arrest of James Graham
Arrested & taken to Ardvreck Castle
Arrest of James Graham
Montrose is betrayed his host Neil Macleod of Assynt at Ardvreck Castle
Arrest of James Graham
Montrose is betrayed his host Neil Macleod of Assynt at Ardvreck Castle
Arrest of James Graham
Arrested at Ardvreck Castle on Loch Assynt & handed over to the Covenanters
Covenanters
Arrested at Ardvreck Castle on Loch Assynt & handed over to the Covenanters
Siege of Ardvreck
Arrested at Ardvreck Castle on Loch Assynt & handed over to the Covenanters
Invasion of Scotland
Montrose lands from the Orkneys with 1,500 in the service of Charles II
Siege of Caithness
Montrose lands from the Orkneys with 1,500 in the service of Charles II
Civil War
Arrives at Thurso with the intention of joining up with the Mackenzies in Inverness
May 165021 historical events
Interregnum
Charles accepted the Treaty of Breda to obtain Scottish support for his restoration.
Treaty of Breda
Charles accepted the agreement permitting his return to Scotland under stringent political and religious conditions.
Arrest of James Graham
Taken from Ardvreck Castle & handed over to General Leslie
Battle of Clonmel
Cromwells 8000 men eventually take the town from its 1000 Irish defenders, but not before they suffer heavy losses
Siege of Clonmel
Cromwell's troops suffer heavy losses when Hugh Dubh O'Neill's defence traps the attackers at Clonmel.
Battle of Clonmel
Cromwells men are trapped by Hugh Dubh ONeill, 2,500 are killed. Cromwell's 8000 men eventually take the town from its 1000 Irish defenders, but not before they suffer heavy losses
Siege of Clonmel
ONeill's defence inflicts heavy losses on Cromwell's troops before withdrawing from Clonmel.
Arrest of James Graham
Led through Edinburgh by the Covenanters but his courage raises admiration
Arrest of James Graham
Taken through Fife & shipped to Leith
Covenanters
Led through Edinburgh by the Covenanters but his courage raises admiration
Battle of Edinburgh
Charles II does not defend him because he tries to win the support of the Covenanters
Civil War
Charles II does not defend him because he tries to win the support of the Covenanters
Covenanters
Charles II does not defend him because he tries to win the support of the Covenanters
Execution
Sentenced to death, refuses to repent
Siege of Edinburgh
Charles II does not defend him because he tries to win the support of the Covenanters
Trial
Sentenced to death, refuses to repent
Death of James Graham
Death of James Graham, executed for treason by order of the English Parliament
Execution
Executed at Market Cross for treason by order of the English Parliament. Death of James Graham, executed for treason by order of the English Parliament
Treason
Executed at Market Cross for treason by order of the English Parliament. Death of James Graham, executed for treason by order of the English Parliament
Return from Ireland
Cromwell returns to England after leaving the Irish command to Henry Ireton.
Birth of John Churchill
Born at Ashe House near Musbury, Devon, into a gentry family whose fortunes had suffered during the Civil War.
June 16508 historical events
Departure from Breda
Charles left Breda for Scotland after accepting the negotiated settlement.
Landing in Scotland
Charles II lands in Scotland and becomes the focus of Royalist and Covenanter resistance.
Commander in Chief
Succeeds Fairfax as captain-general and commander in chief before the Scottish campaign.
Invasion of Scotland
Crosses the Scottish border with an invasion force led by Cromwell
Invasion of Scotland
Sets off with a force to invade Scotland
Invasion of Scotland
Crosses the Scottish border with an invasion force led by Cromwell
Invasion of Scotland
Crosses the Scottish border with an invasion force led by Cromwell
Scottish Campaign
Chosen for senior command in Cromwell's army before the invasion of Scotland.
July 16502 historical events
Invasion of Scotland
Crosses the Scottish border at the head of an Army of 16,000
Crossing into Scotland
Marches into Scotland with Cromwell's army during the campaign against the Covenanters.
August 16505 historical events
Invasion of Scotland
Holds a council of war & decides to retreat to Dunbar & fortify the town
Siege of Dunbar
Holds a council of war & decides to retreat to Dunbar & fortify the town. Decides to Fortify Dunbar in the hope of provoking Leslie into battle
Battle of Haddington
Marches to Haddington persued by Leslie who puts Cromwell's rearguard into disorder
Battle of Haddington
Persues Cromwell's forces to Haddington & creates disorder among the rearguard
Edinburgh Campaign
Takes part in operations around Edinburgh before the crisis at Dunbar.
September 165019 historical events
Siege of Dunbar
Offers the Scots battle, they refuse & Cromwell falls back to Dunbar
Civil War
Persues Cromwell & that evening posts the Scots at Doon Hill about 2 miles from Dunbar
Battle of Dunbar
Convinces the Council of War that the Scots are vulnerable at Dunbar
Battle of Dunbar
Writes that lying outside Dunbar is consuming the army as sickness spreads before battle.
Council of War
Monck advises Cromwell before the Parliamentarian attack on the Scottish army at Dunbar.
Interregnum
Cromwell defeated the Scottish army supporting Charles II at Dunbar.
Battle of Dunbar
Commands a brigade of Foot
Battle of Dunbar
Overton commands a brigade of Foot at the Battle of Dunbar
Battle of Dunbar
Helps Cromwell defeat the Scottish Army
Battle of Dunbar
Leads a cavalry charge leaving the Scots with 3,000 killed to the Roundheads 30
Battle of Dunbar
Defeats David Leslie's Scottish army at Dunbar and opens the route to Edinburgh.
Battle of Dunbar
Commands infantry during Cromwell's victory over the Scottish Covenanter army at Dunbar.
Battle of Dunbar
Lambert helps command Parliamentarian forces during the victory at Dunbar.
Battle of Dunbar
Commands the Scottish Army which is defeated by Oliver Cromwell
Civil War
Defeated despite having a force of 22,000, a 2:1 advantage
Battle of Dunbar
Leslie commands the Scottish Covenanter army defeated by Cromwell at Dunbar.
Dunbar Pursuit
Joins the pursuit after the Scottish army collapses following Cromwell's victory at Dunbar.
Siege of Edinburgh
Begins operations around Edinburgh after victory at Dunbar weakens Scottish resistance in the south.
Leith Occupation
Helps secure Leith as Parliamentarian forces consolidate around Edinburgh.
November 16504 historical events
Birth of William III
William III of Orange is born at The Hague, the posthumous son of William II, Prince of Orange, and Mary Stuart.
Birth of William III
Birth of William III, son of William II Prince of Orange & Mary Stuart
Birth of William III
Birth of William III, son of William II Prince of Orange & Mary Stuart
Independence of Netherlands
Sovereignty of the Provinces is declared by a General Assembly of 7 Provinces
December 16502 historical events
Surrender of Edinburgh Castle
Edinburgh Castle surrenders to Parliamentarian forces after Cromwell's army occupies southern Scotland.
Edinburgh Castle Blockade
Maintains pressure on Edinburgh Castle before its surrender to Parliament.
Commonwealth Arms
Orders royal symbols removed and replaced with the arms of the Commonwealth.
King's Arms
Orders removal of the king's arms from public use after the establishment of the Commonwealth.
Governor
Appointed Governor of Barbados
Exile of Henry Bennett
Bennett joins the exiled Royal family
Privy Council
Appointed Member of Privy Council
Answer to Davenants Preface
Hobbes publishes his Answer to Sir William Davenant's Preface before Gondibert.
De Corpore Politico Published
De Corpore Politico, drawn from the political part of the Elements of Law, is published.
Human Nature Published
Human Nature, derived from the first part of Hobbes's Elements of Law, is published.
Arrest of George Fox
Imprisoned for blasphemy
An Idea of the Mathematics, I2iflO
Publication of "An Idea of the Mathematics, I2iflO"
Battle of Cartagena
Chases the Royalist fleet from Kinsale to Lisbon & Cartagena where it is destroyed
Coldstream Regiment
Forms the regiment later known as the Coldstream Guards while operating on the Scottish border.
Commander in Chief
Cromwell is appointed Fairaxs successor, "captain-general and Commander in Chief of all the forces raised or to be raised at authority of Parliament within the Commonwealth of England"
Commonwealth
Cromwell is appointed Fairaxs successor, "captain-general and Commander in Chief of all the forces raised or to be raised at authority of Parliament within the Commonwealth of England"
Commonwealth
Cromwell is appointed Fairaxs successor, "captain-general and Commander in Chief of all the forces raised or to be raised at authority of Parliament within the Commonwealth of England"
Resignation of Thomas Fairfax
The Scots had declared for Charles II, and the council of state resolved to send an army to Scotland in order to prevent an invasion of England, Fairfax resigns his commission. Cromwell is appointed Fairaxs successor, "captain-general and Commander in Chief of all the forces raised or to be raised at authority of Parliament within the Commonwealth of England"
Resignation of Thomas Fairfax
Fairfax receives a pension of 5000 pounds a year, and lives in retirement at his Yorkshire home of Nunappleton
Irish Alliance Dispute
The Scottish commissioners challenged Charles's alliance with Irish Confederates negotiated through Ormonde.
Mediation of Breda Negotiations
William of Orange assisted contacts between the exiled king and Scottish commissioners.
Reballion of Rebels in Novgorod
A rebellion at Novgorod is caused by bad harvests, plague & oppression by landlords
Reballion of Rebels in Novgorod
A rebellion at Novgorod is caused by bad harvests, plague & oppression by landlords
Reballion of Rebels in Pskov
A rebellion at Pskov is caused by bad harvests, plague & oppression by landlords
Treaty Negotiations
Brodie joined the Scottish commission pressing Charles to accept the Covenants.
Treaty Negotiations
Jaffray recorded doubts about compelling Charles to accept religious obligations he did not support.
Scottish Commission at Breda
Maitland participated in negotiations over Charles II's return under covenanting conditions.
Covenant Negotiations
Livingstone participated in the mission seeking Charles's adherence to Presbyterian covenants.
Arrest of William Keith
Entertains Charles II at Dunnottar
Invasion of England
Entertains Charles II at Dunnottar
Capture of Caithness
Arrives from the Orkneys with a Royalist invasion force of about 1,500
Invasion of Scotland
Arrives from the Orkneys with a Royalist invasion force of about 1,500
Siege of Caithness
Arrives from the Orkneys with a Royalist invasion force of about 1,500
Montrose Expedition Dispute
The commissioners demanded that Charles disown Montrose's continuing royalist campaign in Scotland.
Discovery of Lymphatic Syste
Discovers the Lymphatic System
Coup
Forces the nobility to recognise him as the heir to the throne