Coronation
Given a Presbyterian Coronation at Scone
Historical events in 1651
201 historical records
January 16517 historical events
Interregnum
Charles II was crowned King of Scots while the English Commonwealth rejected his claim.
Commander in Chief
Appointed Commander in Chief, Scottish Army
Commander in Chief
Appointed Commander in Chief, Scottish Army
Second in Command of Royalists
Appointed 2nd-in-Command to Charles II
Second in Command of Royalists
Appointed 2nd-in-Command to Charles II
Arrest of Alexander Leslie
Arrested & held prisoner for the rest of the war
February 16511 historical events
Council of State
The Council of State is established by Act of Parliament as a ruling body
March 16514 historical events
Council of State
The Council of States 14 members are elected, including Cromwell
Constitution of England
The Monarchy is abolished
Constitution of England
The House of Lords is abolished, Cromwell wished to keep it as an advisery body
House of Lords
The House of Lords is abolished, Cromwell wished to keep it as an advisery body
May 16513 historical events
Siege of Leicester
Overwhelmed by royalistds to divert Parliamentary forces from the stronghold of Oxford
Commonwealth
The Commonwealth is formerly enacted by Parliament
Reform of Parliament
The Commonwealth is formerly enacted by Parliament
July 165113 historical events
Battle of Beresteczko
John Casimir defeats 200,000 Cossacks under Tartars & Chmielnicki
Treaty of Biala Cerkew
The Cossacks make peace with Poland, Chmielnicki continues with a few followers
Battle of Beresteczko
John Casimir defeats 200,000 Cossacks under Tartars & Chmielnicki
Invasion of England
Crosses the Border into England with a mainly Presbyterian force to restore the throne
Battle of Inverkeithing
Lambert defeats Scottish forces in Fife and opens the route for Parliamentarian operations north of the Forth.
Battle of Inverkeithing
Brown commands Scottish forces defeated by Lambert at Inverkeithing.
Arrest of John Browne
Takes the Scots comannder, John Browne, prisoner
Battle of Inverkeithing
Takes the Scots comannder, John Browne, prisoner. Defeats the Scots during Cromwell's siege of Stirling
Crossing the Forth
Supports Parliamentarian operations north of the Forth after Lambert's victory at Inverkeithing.
Arrest of John Browne
Taken prisoner by the English commanded by Lambert during the siege of Stirling
Battle of Inverkeithing
Taken prisoner by the English commanded by Lambert during the siege of Stirling
Siege of Stirling-Sotland
The Scots comannder, John Browne, prisoner by Major General Lambert
Siege of Stirling
Sent by Leslie with a force of 4,000 to drive the English back across the Forth
August 165157 historical events
Siege of Perth
Perth surrenders after Cromwell's advance cuts the Scottish army from supplies and reinforcements.
Capture of Perth
Participates in the campaign that captures Perth and cuts Scottish communications.
Invasion of England
Charles II crosses into England with a predominantly Scottish Royalist army, beginning the southward campaign that culminates at Worcester.
Invasion of England
Leslie commands much of the Scottish army as Charles II leads it south into England despite doubts about English Royalist support.
Siege of Stirling
Monck begins operations against Stirling after Cromwell moves south in pursuit of Charles II.
Invasion of England
Crosses the border into England at the head of an Army of 14,000
Proclamation of Sovereignty
Proclaimed as sovereign of England & offers a pardon to all who join him
Guardianship Settlement
A Dutch court establishes a shared guardianship arrangement for the infant William III of Orange after the death of his father.
Mobilization
Lambert & Harrison join south of Preston before the Scots join the Cheshire militia
Mobilization
Lambert & Harrison join south of Preston before the Scots join the Cheshire militia
Battle of Warrington Bridge
Harrison and Lambert attempt to slow Charles II's southward march at Warrington Bridge.
Surrender of Stirling
Monck receives the surrender of Stirling Castle after the garrison mutinies.
Royalist Landing
Stanley lands from the Isle of Man with a small Royalist force and begins raising support for Charles II in Lancashire.
Meeting with Charles II
Stanley meets Charles II during the southward march and receives authority to raise Royalist forces in Lancashire and Cheshire.
Battle of Worcester
Arrives with a force of 16,000 men. Arrives at the Royalist town of Worcester which clears the garrison for him
Occupation of Worcester
Charles II occupies Worcester with fewer than sixteen thousand troops after his expected English support fails to materialize.
Royalist Headquarters
Charles II establishes Worcester as his temporary headquarters while the Royalist army rests, gathers supplies and prepares for battle.
Occupation of Worcester
Leslie enters Worcester with the Scottish army and prepares to defend the city against Cromwell's converging Parliamentarian forces.
Battle of Worcester
Enters Worcester unopposed
Mobilization
Joins forces with Lambert and Harrison at Warwick during the pursuit of Charles II.
Battle of Sedan
Eliminates most of the Earl of Derbys forces
Battle of Wigan Lane
Lilburne defeats the Earl of Derby at Wigan Lane, preventing a substantial Lancashire Royalist force from reinforcing Charles II at Worcester.
Battle of Sedan
Most of Derbys forces are eliminated, Derby joins Charles II at Worcester
Defeat at Wigan Lane
Stanley is wounded and escapes after Lilburne routs his Royalist force at Wigan Lane.
Battle of Wigan Lane
Tyldesley is killed while fighting for the Royalists at Wigan Lane during the defeat of Stanley's Lancashire force.
Mobilization
Joins forces with Cromwell, 15 miles south west of Worcester, a combined force of 28,000
Battle of Worcester
Writes that the enemy in Worcester must fight or be trapped as Parliamentarian forces close around the city.
Encirclement of Worcester
Cromwell tightens the Parliamentarian encirclement, leaving Charles II increasingly confined around Worcester and unable to continue toward London.
Mobilization
Arrives near Evesham south-east of Worcester with the army preparing to close on Charles II.
Capture of Upton Bridge
Captures Upton Bridge enabling Cromwell to advance on both banks of the Severn
Battle of Upton Bridge
Massey is badly wounded when Lambert's Parliamentarian horse and dragoons recapture Upton Bridge south of Worcester.
Wounding at Upton Bridge
Massey is badly wounded while Royalist troops contest Lambert's seizure of Upton Bridge.
Capture of Upton Bridge
Lambert leads horse and dragoons in a daring attack that recaptures the damaged Upton Bridge south of Worcester.
Artillery Deployment
Cromwell positions Parliamentarian artillery on the heights around Red Hill and Perry Wood east of Worcester.
Bombardment of Worcester
Cromwell's artillery begins bombarding Worcester from positions around Perry Wood as the Parliamentarian siege lines tighten.
Crossing of the Severn
Fleetwood moves about eleven thousand Parliamentarian troops to the west bank of the Severn for the southern approach to Worcester.
Repair of Upton Bridge
Lambert's forces repair Upton Bridge after its recapture, restoring a vital Parliamentarian route toward Worcester.
Attack on Parliamentarian Battery
Keith joins the Royalist sortie against Cromwell's artillery positions after bombardment of Worcester begins.
Attack on Parliamentarian Battery
Middleton leads part of a fifteen-hundred-man Royalist sortie against the Parliamentarian artillery, but the attack fails.
Siege of London
Prepares the defences of London after Charles II leads an invasion force into England
Battle of Worcester
Ordered by Cromwell to intercept the Earl of Derby on his march to Worcester
Battle of Worcester
Destroys most of the Bridges surrounding Worcester to defend it for the Royalists
Invasion of England
Sent by Cromwell to harass the Scottish invasion Army headed by Charles II
Battle of Warrington
Joins up with Charles II from the Isle of Man, with a modest force of 250 foot
Royalist Recruitment
Stanley seeks recruits around Warrington, but his refusal to take the Covenant limits support from local Presbyterians.
Siege of Stirling
Ordered to take charge of operations against Stirling after Cromwell moves south.
Stirling Operations
Directs the siege operations that force Stirling to surrender.
Battle of Warrington
Manages to cross the Mersey at Warrington
Defence of Powick Bridge
Charles II assigns troops to defend Powick Bridge, one of the key approaches to Worcester across the River Teme.
Destruction of Upton Bridge
Royalist forces destroy Upton Bridge on Charles II's orders to delay Parliamentarian movement across the River Severn.
Fortification of Worcester
Charles II orders Worcester's defences strengthened as Parliamentarian armies gather around the city.
Rebuilding of Fort Royal
Charles II's forces rebuild and enlarge Fort Royal to protect the London Road and Worcester's vulnerable south-eastern approaches.
Mobilization
Fleetwood mobilizes Parliamentarian troops and militia around London before marching to join the forces concentrating against Charles II.
Mobilization
Disbrowe brings a Parliamentarian contingent from south-west England to reinforce Cromwell's expanding army for the Worcester campaign.
Cavalry Pursuit
Lambert rides ahead with Parliamentarian cavalry to harass the Royalist advance and help block a direct march toward London.
Army Concentration at Warwick
Harrison joins Cromwell, Lambert and Fleetwood as Parliamentarian forces concentrate at Warwick for the pursuit toward Worcester.
Reinforcement March
Harrison marches south to combine his forces with Lambert, strengthening Parliament's effort to contain Charles II's invasion.
September 165180 historical events
Rejoins Charles II
Stanley reaches Worcester after surviving Wigan Lane and rejoins Charles II shortly before the decisive battle.
Interregnum
Charles suffered defeat at Worcester during his attempt to recover the English throne.
Battle of Worcester
Fleetwood directs Parliamentarian troops across the Teme and presses the Scottish defenders back toward Worcester.
Battle of Worcester
Leads a Parliamentary force across the River Teme prior to the Battle of Worcester. Forces Charles IIs Scottish allies back into the confines of Worcester
Battle of Worcester
Commands a Parliamentary regiment in a victory over the Royalists
Battle of Worcester
Pride takes part in Cromwell's Parliamentarian victory at Worcester after previously commanding a brigade during the Scottish campaign.
Battle of Worcester
Leads a Parliamentary force up the River Severn prior to the Battle of Worcester
Battle of Worcester
Helps defeats the Scots & Royalists
Battle of Worcester
Cromwell leads a Parliamentarian army of about thirty thousand against Charles II's smaller Royalist and Scottish force at Worcester.
Battle of Worcester
Leads about 28,000 Parliamentarian troops to victory over Charles II at Worcester.
Bombardment from Fort Royal
Cromwell's forces turn captured guns at Fort Royal against Worcester as Royalist resistance disintegrates.
Capture of Fort Royal
Parliamentarian troops seize Fort Royal during Cromwell's final assault, breaking a major part of Worcester's south-eastern defence.
Crossing of the Severn
Cromwell personally leads three brigades across the Severn pontoon to reinforce the Parliamentarian attack west of the river.
Flanking Attack
Cromwell's brigades strike the Scottish flank while Fleetwood presses from the front, forcing the defenders away from the Teme.
Reinforcement of Perry Wood
Cromwell reinforces the eastern fighting after Charles II's counterattack threatens Parliamentarian positions around Perry Wood.
Escape from Worcester
Villiers escapes from Worcester with Charles II after Parliamentarian forces overwhelm the Royalist army.
Battle of Worcester
Captured during the Battle of Worcester supporting Charles I
Battle of Worcester
Stanley fights for Charles II at Worcester, escapes the battlefield and is captured later near Nantwich.
Guides Charles II from Worcester
Stanley helps guide Charles II away from Worcester toward the Royalist refuges around Boscobel after the battle.
Battle of Worcester
Leads a force of 16,000 against Cromwell's force of 30,000. Charles is forced to go into hiding then escape from England. Attempts a "break out" from Worcester against Cromwell but is forced back
Battle of Worcester
Charles II leads the Royalist army defeated by Cromwell at Worcester before escaping into exile.
Battle of Worcester
Charles II leads the Royalist army, counterattacks east of the Severn and escapes after Cromwell's forces break into Worcester.
Counterattack at Red Hill
Charles II personally rallies Royalist troops for a counterattack against the weakened Parliamentarian positions east of Worcester.
Escape from Worcester
Charles II abandons the defeated Royalist army and escapes north from Worcester with a small group of companions.
Observation from Worcester Cathedral
Charles II watches the developing battle from Worcester Cathedral tower before leaving to rally troops east of the Severn.
Royalist Sortie through Sidbury Gate
Charles II moves through Sidbury Gate toward Fort Royal and Perry Wood while rallying troops for the eastern counterattack.
Battle of Worcester
Fleetwood commands Parliamentarian troops during the final battle of the Civil War at Worcester.
Escape from Worcester
Wilmot escapes the Royalist defeat at Worcester and remains among the small group assisting Charles II's flight.
Advance on the Teme
Fleetwood advances along the west bank of the Severn toward the Teme crossings as the Parliamentarian attack begins.
Pontoon Crossing
Fleetwood's advance guard crosses the floating bridge over the Teme but meets determined resistance from Pitscottie's Highlanders.
Battle of Worcester
Lambert helps force the Teme crossings and drives Scottish defenders back during Parliament's attack on Worcester.
Pontoon Crossing
Lambert supports the Parliamentarian effort to secure the Teme crossing and push the Scottish defenders back toward Worcester.
Assault on Powick Bridge
Deane attacks Powick Bridge with Parliamentarian troops, fixing Scottish defenders while Fleetwood seeks another crossing of the Teme.
Battle of Worcester
Deane attacks Powick Bridge and finally forces a crossing after Scottish defenders begin retreating toward Worcester.
Crossing of Powick Bridge
Deane finally carries Powick Bridge after the Scottish position begins collapsing under pressure from the flanking attack.
Battle of Worcester
Captured in battle while supporting Charles II at Worcester
Capture at Powick Bridge
Keith is captured after his defenders lose their position at Powick Bridge and Parliamentarian troops force a crossing.
Defence of Powick Bridge
Keith holds Powick Bridge against Deane's repeated efforts to force a Parliamentarian crossing.
Defence of Teme Crossing
Pitscottie's Highlanders defend the Teme crossing near the river confluence against Fleetwood's advancing Parliamentarian troops.
Repulse of Parliamentarian Advance
Pitscottie's Highlanders initially drive back Parliamentarian troops after they cross the pontoon over the Teme.
Retreat to Worcester
Pitscottie's Highlanders retreat toward Worcester after being attacked from the front and flank near the Teme crossings.
Capture at Worcester
Dalyell is captured after fighting for Charles II at Worcester and is later imprisoned in the Tower of London.
Battle of Worcester
Drummond commands a Royalist brigade at Worcester, is captured and later escapes from imprisonment.
Charge at Perry Wood
Hamilton leads Royalist and Scottish troops in a determined charge against Parliamentarian positions around Perry Wood.
Wounding at Perry Wood
Hamilton is mortally wounded during the Royalist counterattack at Perry Wood and is carried back into Worcester.
Arrest of Maitland
Captured at the Battle of Worcester, fights for the Royalists
Battle of Worcester
Captured at the Battle of Worcester, fights for the Royalists
Capture at Worcester
Leslie, Earl of Rothes, is captured with other senior Scottish officers after the Royalist army collapses at Worcester.
Capture after Worcester
John Maitland, Earl of Lauderdale, is captured among the senior Scottish Royalists after Worcester.
Battle of Worcester
David Leslie commands the Scottish cavalry during Charles II's defeat at Worcester.
Scottish Cavalry at Pitchcroft
Leslie commands Scottish cavalry positioned around Pitchcroft while the decisive fighting develops south and east of Worcester.
Reserve at Wickfield
Dalziel holds a Scottish reserve on higher ground between Powick and Worcester while the fighting develops along the Teme.
Retreat to Worcester
Dalziel's reserve falls back toward Worcester as the Scottish defensive line south of the city collapses.
Defence of Powick Hams
Montgomery commands Scottish troops defending the meadows north of the Teme and coordinates resistance around Powick Bridge.
Wounding at Worcester
Montgomery is badly wounded as Parliamentarian forces gain control of the north bank of the Teme.
Arrest of William Drummond
Arrested at the Battle of Worcester but escapes & returns to the Highlands
Battle of Worcester
Arrested at the Battle of Worcester but escapes & returns to the Highlands. A Royalist Commander at the Battle of Worcester
Battle Report
Cromwell reports the total defeat of the Royalist army and describes the victory at Worcester as a crowning mercy.
Demobilization after Worcester
Cromwell releases newly raised local forces after the victory, reducing the military burden on counties that had answered Parliament's call.
Dismantling Worcester Defences
Cromwell orders Worcester's walls pulled down and its defensive ditches filled after the Parliamentarian victory.
Prisoners at Worcester Cathedral
Thousands of Royalist prisoners are gathered at Worcester Cathedral while Cromwell's army secures the city after the battle.
Refuge at White Ladies
Charles II reaches White Ladies after riding through the night and disguises himself as a countryman to avoid Parliamentarian search parties.
Capture of Royalist Fugitives
Harrison reports that pursuing Parliamentarian forces have captured about fourteen hundred Royalist horse and foot after Worcester.
Pursuit of Royalists
Harrison leads thousands of Parliamentarian troops in pursuit of Royalist fugitives fleeing north from Worcester.
Escape toward Madeley
Penderel guides the disguised Charles II toward the Severn, but guarded crossings prevent their planned escape into Wales.
Royal Oak Concealment
Careless joins Charles II in the Royal Oak and helps conceal the fugitive king from Parliamentarian search parties.
Royal Oak Concealment
Charles II hides with William Careless in an oak near Boscobel while Parliamentarian soldiers search the surrounding area.
Exile of Charles II
Leaves France, which resumes relations with England, for Aachen. Joined in Aachen by his sister, the recently widowed Princess Mary
Refuge at Moseley Old Hall
Whitgreave shelters Charles II at Moseley Old Hall while Parliamentarian soldiers continue searching for the defeated Royalist leader.
Refuge at Moseley Old Hall
Charles II remains concealed at Moseley Old Hall before moving to Bentley Hall and continuing his escape under disguise.
Dissolution of Parliament
Dissolution of the "Rump Parliament" is debated by a committe set up for the purpose
Exile of Charles II
Flees to France in a State of destitution
Trial of James Stanley
A court-martial at Chester convicts Stanley of treason for supporting Charles II's invasion and sentences him to death.
Escape with Charles II
Lane provides Charles II with cover as her servant, enabling the fugitive king to continue his journey toward Bristol.
Pontoon Bridge Preparations
Cromwell prepares floating bridges across the Severn and Teme so his separated wings can support one another during the assault.
Capture near Nantwich
Stanley is captured near Nantwich after separating from Charles II during the flight from Worcester.
Refuge at Trent Manor
Charles II takes refuge at Trent Manor during the prolonged search for a vessel that can carry him safely to France.
Succession
Declared of age
Imprisonment after Worcester
Drummond is taken to Windsor after his capture at Worcester but later escapes and returns to Royalist service.
Death from Worcester Wounds
Hamilton dies from wounds received during the Royalist counterattack at Perry Wood several days after the battle.
October 165110 historical events
Reform of Trade
Anti-Dutch legislation forbids importation by by Dutch shipping
Death of James Stanley
Death of James Stanley, executed after being captured at the Battle of Worcester
Death of James Stanley
James Stanley is executed at Bolton after his capture and court-martial following the Worcester campaign.
Interregnum
Charles escaped into exile after evading Commonwealth forces for six weeks.
Exile of Charles II
On the run for 6 weeks after the Battle of Worcester. Leaves England on a hired boat, The Surprise, from Shoreham
Exile of Charles II
After six weeks in hiding, Charles II leaves England secretly from near Shoreham aboard the vessel later remembered as the Surprise.
Exile of Charles II
Lands at Fecamp near Rouen
Interregnum
The Commonwealth enacted a Navigation Ordinance during Cromwell's military ascendancy.
Escape Attempt
Stanley attempts to escape from Chester Castle after his conviction but is recaptured before his sentence is carried out.
Petition for Clemency
Stanley petitions for mercy after his conviction, but Parliament refuses to overturn the death sentence despite Cromwell's support.
December 16511 historical events
Constitution of England
Decides it is necessary for a "settlement of the nation" & a constitution
Death of Henry Ireton
Death of Henry Ireton, dies of the plague
Chairman
Appointed Chairman of the Council of State, 2nd term
Philosophical Rudiments Concerning Government and Society
An English version of De Cive appears as Philosophical Rudiments Concerning Government and Society.
Return to England after Paris Exile
Hobbes returns to England late in the year after the publication of Leviathan.
Leviathan
Hobbes publishes Leviathan.
Professor of Anatomy at Oxford
Petty becomes professor of anatomy at Oxford.
Siege of Jersey
Makes a stand against Parliament but Jersey falls by the end of the year
Commander of Royalists
Appointed Commander of the English forces for the Royalists
General
Appointed General of the Horse for the Royalists
Capture of Scilly Isles
Captures the Scilly Isles
Siege of Jersey
Lands with a Parliamentary invasion force & captures Jersey
Council of State
Appointed Member of Council of State
Death of James Stanley
Executed after being captured at the Battle of Worcester
Execution
Executed after being captured at the Battle of Worcester
Adviser
Appointed Chief Adviser to Charles II in exile
Scottish Command
Sent to secure Scotland while Parliamentarian forces pursue Charles II into England.
Capture of Jersey
The last Royalist stronghold in England surrenders to the Commonwealth
Commonwealth
The last Royalist stronghold in England surrenders to the Commonwealth
Commander of Royalists
Appointed Commander of the English forces for the Royalists
General
Appointed General of the Horse for the Royalists
Adviser
Appointed Chief Adviser to Charles II in exile
Exile of Jules Mazarin
Enters 1st period of exile, 1651-52
Succession
Succeeds as Tokugawa Shogun, 4th Shogun
Treaty of Biala Cerkew
The Cossacks make peace with Poland, Chmielnicki continues with a few followers
Siege of Stirling
Defends Srirling from Cromwell