Treaty of Pereiaslav
The Cossack alignment with Moscow draws the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth into war
Historical events in 1654
74 historical records
January 16546 historical events
Rule of Cossacks
Accepts the Cossack submission to Moscow
Treaty of Pereiaslav
Accepts Cossack Ukraine under Russian protection
Pereiaslav Council
Recognizes the suzerainty of Moscow on behalf of the Cossack host
Treaty of Pereiaslav
Places the Cossack host under the protection of the Tsar
Recapture of Recife
Compels the Dutch surrender in Brazil, ending Dutch rule there
April 16544 historical events
Treaty Negotiations
Works within Commonwealth diplomacy during the settlement with the Dutch
Treaty of Westminster
Concludes peace with the Dutch Republic, ending the First Anglo-Dutch War
Commander in Chief Scotland
Takes overall command of the English army in Scotland after the Cromwellian conquest.
Governor of Scotland
Consolidates English military government in Scotland after Royalist resistance is suppressed.
June 16543 historical events
Coronation
Is crowned King of Sweden after Christina's abdication
Succession
Succeeds Queen Christina after her abdication
Coronation
Is crowned King of France at Reims.
July 16544 historical events
Siege of Smolensk
Russian forces begin the siege of Smolensk
Siege of Smolensk
Begins the Russian siege of Smolensk
Succession
Becomes Habsburg heir after the death of Ferdinand IV
Battle of Dalnaspidal
Leads a royalist force for Charles II but is defeated during Glencairn's rising
September 165424 historical events
First Protectorate Parliament
The first Protectorate Parliament meets for the first time
Protectorate Parliament Opening
Addresses the first Protectorate Parliament at its inaugural meeting
First Protectorate Parliament
Serves as Speaker when the First Protectorate Parliament assembles
Interregnum
Cromwell opened the First Protectorate Parliament under the new constitutional system.
Constitution of England
Tells Parliament that sovereignty is not a mere feather in the hat
Recognition of the Protectorate
Supports the Protectorate regime during parliamentary conflict over recognition
Instrument of Government Debate
Defends the constitutional settlement connected with the Instrument of Government
Capture of Smolensk
Loses Smolensk to Tsar Alexis after a siege
Capture of Smolensk
Captures Smolensk after a lengthy siege
Parliamentary Counsel
Advises within the Protectorate political settlement during the Parliament
Parliamentary Management
Supports Cromwellian interests during the Protectorate Parliament
Parliamentary Opposition
Opposes Cromwellian constitutional arrangements in the Protectorate Parliament
Protectorate Parliament Membership
Sits in the first Protectorate Parliament during debates over the regime
Protectorate Parliament Membership
Supports the Protectorate cause in the first Parliament
Parliamentary Opposition
Joins critics of the Protectorate settlement in Parliament
Parliamentary Opposition
Challenges the Protectorate's constitutional basis
Battle of Borisov
Faces Russian advances after a Polish-Lithuanian force is defeated near Borisov
Capture of Kiev
Loses effective control as Russian and Cossack forces secure Kiev
Russian Advance into Lithuania
Faces the Russian offensive into Lithuania
Advance to the Berezina
Advances as far as the River Berezina
Battle of Borisov
Defeats a Polish-Lithuanian force near Borisov
Capture of Kiev
Russian forces secure Kiev during the opening campaign
Capture of Lithuania
Advances into Lithuania after Russian successes
Pripet Marshes Campaign
Leads a Cossack force that devastates areas near the Pripet Marshes
October 16541 historical events
Marriage
Marries Hedwig Eleonora of Holstein-Gottorp
November 16541 historical events
Night of Fire
Pascal experiences an intense religious conversion recorded in his Memorial.
December 16544 historical events
Western Design Command
Prepares to command the naval force for Cromwell's Western Design
Western Design Commissioner
Sails as a civilian commissioner for the Western Design
Western Design Commissioner
Serves as a commissioner accompanying the Western Design expedition
Western Design Command
Prepares to command the land forces for the Western Design
Merchant Shipping
Despatched by Cromwell to protect English shipping and assert Commonwealth naval power
Dutch Conference
Hosts talks with Dutch representatives but fails to obtain political union
Protectorate Government
Governs under the Instrument of Government as the Protectorate settles into operation
Protectorate Intelligence
Serves Cromwell as secretary and intelligence coordinator during the Protectorate
Geneva Mission
Serves as English resident at Geneva during Cromwell's Swiss diplomacy
Zurich Mission
Represents Cromwellian England to the Protestant cantons of Switzerland
Royalist Exile
Serves in the exiled Stuart royalist circle rather than as secretary to James I
Of Liberty and Necessity
Of Liberty and Necessity is published from Hobbes's debate with Bishop John Bramhall.
Down Survey
Petty begins organising the Down Survey, a large-scale mapping of Irish land.
Political Agent
Acts as Oliver Cromwell's political agent to the Protestant cantons of Switzerland
Glencairn's Rising
Cunningham leads Royalist resistance in the Highlands before Monck's consolidation of Scotland.
Glencairn's Rising
Works to suppress Royalist resistance led by William Cunningham and Highland allies.
Western Design Committee
Supervises logistical planning for Cromwell's Caribbean expedition
Probability Correspondence
Pascal and Pierre de Fermat exchange letters that help establish mathematical probability theory.
College de la Marche
Malebranche begins formal studies at the College de la Marche.
Pascal Triangle
Applies the arithmetic triangle to combinations and probability calculations.
Treatise on the Arithmetical Triangle
Organizes binomial coefficients in a systematic triangular arrangement.
Anglo-Dutch Alliance Proposal
Consulted in Cromwellian discussion of an ambitious Anglo-Dutch Protestant alliance
Capture of Tenedos
Captures Tenedos for Venice during the wider struggle with the Ottoman Empire
Siege of Candia
Serves Venetian naval interests during the long Cretan War
Invasion of Ukraine
Russian and Cossack operations threaten Commonwealth rule in Ukraine
Russo-Polish War Begins
The Cossack submission to Moscow helps provoke war with Russia
Rule of Ukraine
Claims protection over Cossack Ukraine after Pereiaslav
Declaration of War
Launches his first major war against the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth
Invasion of Lithuania
Leads a large army into Lithuania
Invasion of Ukraine
Sends Russian forces into Ukraine after Pereiaslav
Battle of Lochgarry
Joins Glencairn's royalist forces but is defeated by General Morgan