1657 in History

Cromwell is offered the crown by Parliament as part of a revised constitutional settlement, presenting him with a dilemma, since he had been "instrumental" in abolishing the monarchy, Cromwell agonises for six weeks over the offer

Makes clear that Gods providence had spoken against his office of king, "I would not seek to set up that which Providence hath destroyed and laid in the dust, and I would not build Jericho again"

Cromwell is installed as Lord Protector under a new constitution

Dismissed after protesting about the offer of the Crown to Cromwell

Reynolds leads an English contingent sent to reinforce French operations against Spanish positions in Flanders.

Cromwell rejects the Humble Petition

Cromwell formally refused the crown offered under the Humble Petition and Advice.

Cromwell underwent a second inauguration with ceremonial features resembling monarchy.

Widdrington presented the Humble Petition and Advice offering Cromwell a revised constitution.

Sent to Flanders as the 2nd in Command of an Army of about 6,000

Sent to Flanders with an Army of about 6,000

Agrees to Parliaments proposal that he should be invested as Lord Protector

Invested as Lord Protector in Westminster Hall, where Charles I was tried 8 yrs prior

Master of Ceremonies at the Investiture of Oliver Cromwell as the Lord Protector

Cromwell rejects the offer of the Kingship

Cromwell is ceremonially re-installed as Lord Protector (with greater powers than had previously been granted him under this title) at Westminster Hall, sitting upon King Edward's Chair which was specially moved from Westminster Abbey

Marries Mary Capell, daughter of Arthur Capell, 1st Lord Capell

Cromwell is offered the crown by Parliament as part of a revised constitutional settlement, presenting him with a dilemma, since he had been "instrumental" in abolishing the monarchy, Cromwell agonises for six weeks over the offer

Belasyse is created Earl Fauconberg, 1st

Introduces the "Humble Petition & Advice" to Parliament. Addresses Parliament & calls for the return of the monarch, the House of Lords

Frederiksodde falls to Swedish forces, removing a major Danish strongpoint.

Morgan serves as second-in-command of the English force committed to the campaign in Flanders.

Shah Jahan becomes seriously ill, triggering uncertainty over the Mughal succession and rivalry among his sons.

Crosses the frontier of Holstein & expels the Danish from Bremen

The Swedish under Wrangel are held at Copenhagen

Leads the siege of Frederiksodde & forces the Danish surrender under Marshal Bilde

Cromwell rejects the offer of the Kingship

Announces he will not accept the title of King

Leads the siege of Frederiksodde & forces the Danish surrender under Marshal Bilde

Declares war on Sweden during the Northern Wars.

Death of Robert Blake, while was entering Plymouth Harbour