1659, January 27th ยท England ยท London ยท Government ยท Government of England ยท Richard Cromwell
Parliament
Opening day of the Proectorate Parliament called up by Cromwell
1659, January 27th ยท England ยท Westminster ยท House ยท House of Stewart ยท Richard Cromwell
Interregnum
Richard opened the Third Protectorate Parliament amid conflict with army officers.
February 16593 historical events
1659, February 11th ยท Denmark ยท Copenhagen ยท Warfare ยท Dano-Swedish War ยท Frederick III
Siege of Copenhagen
Helps defend Copenhagen against Swedish assault.
1659, February 11th ยท Netherlands ยท Copenhagen ยท Warfare ยท Northern War, 1st ยท Michael Adriaanszoon de Ruyter
Siege of Copenhagen
Drives the Swedes away from Copenhagen
1659, February 11th ยท Sweden ยท Copenhagen ยท Warfare ยท Northern War, 1st ยท Charles X Gustavus
Siege of Copenhagen
A Dutch fleet drives the Swedish away from Copenhagen
April 16593 historical events
1659, April 22nd ยท England ยท London ยท Government ยท Government of England ยท Richard Cromwell
Dissolution of Parliament
The 3rd Protectorate Parliament is dissolved & Cromwell later goes into exile. The Protectoral Parliament is dissolved & Cromwell later goes into exile
1659, April 25th ยท England ยท Government ยท Government of England ยท Charles Fleetwood
Dissolution of Parliament
The republicans in Parliament allied with the army forced Richard Cromwell to dissolve Parliament
1659, April 25th ยท England ยท Government ยท Government of England ยท Richard Cromwell
Dissolution of Parliament
The republicans in Parliament allied with the army forced Richard Cromwell to dissolve Parliament
May 16597 historical events
1659, May 7th ยท England ยท Government ยท Government of England ยท Richard Cromwell
Commonwealth
42 survivors of Cromwell's dissolution issue a declaration establishing a "commonwealth without a King, single person or Lords
1659, May 7th ยท England ยท Government ยท Government of England ยท Richard Cromwell
Constitution of England
42 survivors of Cromwell's dissolution issue a declaration establishing a "commonwealth without a King, single person or Lords
1659, May 7th ยท England ยท Government ยท Government of England ยท Richard Cromwell
Dissolution of Parliament
42 survivors of Cromwell's dissolution issue a declaration establishing a "commonwealth without a King, single person or Lords
1659, May 22nd ยท England ยท Government ยท Government of England ยท Richard Cromwell
Exile of Richard Cromwell
Cromwell resigns the Protectorship, leaves for the Continent & does not return until 1680
1659, May 22nd ยท England ยท Government ยท Government of England ยท Richard Cromwell
Parliament
Cromwell resigns the Protectorship, leaves for the Continent & does not return until 1680
1659, May 22nd ยท England ยท Government ยท Government of England ยท Richard Cromwell
Resignation of Richard Cromwell
Cromwell resigns the Protectorship, leaves for the Continent & does not return until 1680
1659, May 25th ยท England ยท London ยท House ยท House of Stewart ยท Richard Cromwell
Interregnum
Richard resigned after army pressure ended the Protectorate.
June 16592 historical events
1659, June 25th ยท India ยท Agra ยท House ยท House of Mogul ยท Aurangzeb
Arrest of Shah Jahan
With his succession secured, Aurangzeb keeps Shah Jahan under house arrest at the Red Fort in Agra. Aurangzeb, son of Shah Jahan, overthrew his father and locked him up in the Jasmine tower
1659, June 25th ยท India ยท Agra ยท House ยท House of Mogul ยท Jahan
Arrest of Jahan
Aurangzeb, son of Shah Jahan, overthrew his father and locked him up in the Jasmine tower
October 16598 historical events
1659, October 13th ยท England ยท Government ยท Government of England ยท John Lambert
Committee of Safety
Lambert expells the Rump Parliament & institutes military rule through a Committee of Safety
1659, October 13th ยท England ยท Government ยท Government of England ยท John Lambert
Constitution of England
Lambert expells the Rump Parliament & institutes military rule through a Committee of Safety
1659, October 13th ยท England ยท Government ยท Government of England ยท John Lambert
Parliament
Lambert expells the Rump Parliament & institutes military rule through a Committee of Safety
1659, October 13th ยท England ยท London ยท House ยท House of Stewart ยท John Lambert
Interregnum
Lambert expelled the restored Rump Parliament and supported a military Committee of Safety.
1659, October 13th ยท England ยท Warfare ยท Civil War ยท John Lambert
Committee of Safety
Lambert expells the Rump Parliament & institutes military rule through a Committee of Safety
1659, October 13th ยท England ยท Warfare ยท Civil War ยท John Lambert
Constitution of England
Lambert expells the Rump Parliament & institutes military rule through a Committee of Safety
1659, October 13th ยท England ยท Warfare ยท Civil War ยท John Lambert
Parliament
Lambert expells the Rump Parliament & institutes military rule through a Committee of Safety
1659, October ยท England ยท Leiden ยท House ยท House of Orange ยท William III of Orange
Education at Leiden
William III of Orange begins a period of formal education connected with Leiden, where tutors supervise his preparation for public life.
November 16594 historical events
1659, November 7th ยท France ยท Pyrenees ยท Religion ยท Thirty Years War ยท Jules Mazarin
Treaty of Pyrenees
Signs a peace Treaty with Spain. A contract arranges for Louis XIV's marriage to the Spanish infanta Anne
1659, November 24th ยท Netherlands ยท Nyborg ยท Warfare ยท Northern War, 1st ยท Michael Adriaanszoon de Ruyter
Battle of Nyborg
Transports a Danish-Allied Army from Jutland to Fyn. Michael de Ruyter defeats the Swedish under Philip of Sulzbach
1659, November ยท England ยท Coldstream ยท House ยท House of Stewart ยท George Monck
Interregnum
Monck began marching south to restore parliamentary government.
1659, November ยท Sweden ยท Nyborg ยท Warfare ยท Northern War, 1st ยท Philip of Sulzbach
Battle of Nyborg
Michael de Ruyter defeats the Swedish under Philip of Sulzbach
December 16593 historical events
1659, December 26th ยท England ยท Government ยท Government of England ยท John Lambert
Parliament
Support for Lambert collapses & the Rump Parliament resumes its sittings
1659, December 26th ยท England ยท Warfare ยท Civil War ยท John Lambert
Parliament
The Navy mutinied & declared for the Rump, support for Lambert collapsed & the Rump Parliament resumes its sittings
1659, December ยท England ยท Berwick ยท Government ยท Commonwealth of England ยท George Monck Albemarle, 1st
Advance to England
Begins moving south to challenge army factions and restore parliamentary government.
1659 ยท England ยท Arts ยท Literature ยท John Dryden
Heroic Stanzas", a memorial volume about Oliver Cromwell
Publication of "Heroic Stanzas", a memorial volume about Oliver Cromwell
1659 ยท England ยท Arts ยท Literature ยท John Dryden
Heroic Stanzas
Publication of "Heroic Stanzas", a memorial volume about Oliver Cromwell
1659 ยท England ยท London ยท Government ยท Commonwealth of England ยท John Lambert
Army Opposition
Lambert becomes the main military rival to Monck during the struggle over Parliament.
1659 ยท England ยท London ยท Government ยท Commonwealth of England ยท George Monck
Rump Parliament
The restored Rump Parliament relies on Monck's army as political order breaks down.
1659 ยท England ยท Edinburgh ยท Government ยท Commonwealth of England ยท George Monck Albemarle, 1st
Letter to Parliament
Corresponds with Parliament while presenting himself as defender of lawful authority.
1659 ยท England ยท Dalkeith ยท Government ยท Commonwealth of England ยท George Monck Albemarle, 1st
Support for Richard Cromwell
Initially supports Richard Cromwell while political authority weakens in England.
1659 ยท England ยท Government ยท Government of England ยท Arthur Haselrig
Parliament
Republicans led by Arthur Haselrig & Henry Neville are not reconciled to the Protectorate & wish to restore rule by the House of Commons
1659 ยท England ยท Chester ยท Government ยท Government of England ยท George Booth
Reballion of George Booth
George Booth leads a revolt aimed at restoring Charles II & attempts to sieze Chester with 4,000 troops
1659 ยท England ยท Winnington Bridge ยท Government ยท Government of England ยท George Booth
Reballion of Rebels in Winnington Bridge
George Booths troops are routed by Lambert at the Battle of Winnington Bridge
1659 ยท England ยท Chester ยท Government ยท Government of England ยท George Booth
Restoration
George Booth leads a revolt aimed at restoring Charles II & attempts to sieze Chester with 4,000 troops
1659 ยท England ยท Chester ยท Government ยท Government of England ยท George Booth
Siege of Chester
George Booth leads a revolt aimed at restoring Charles II & attempts to sieze Chester with 4,000 troops
1659 ยท England ยท Government ยท Government of England ยท Henry Neville
Parliament
Republicans led by Arthur Haselrig & Henry Neville are not reconciled to the Protectorate & wish to restore rule by the House of Commons
1659 ยท England ยท Government ยท Government of England ยท Charles Fleetwood
Parliament
General Charles Fleetwood leads a mutiny of the Army. General Charles Fleetwood demands indemnity for the Army & arrears of pay & a return to republican rule
1659 ยท England ยท London ยท Government ยท Government of England ยท Richard Cromwell
Parliament
Republicans led by Arthur Haselrig & Henry Neville are not reconciled to the Protectorate & wish to restore rule by the House of Commons
1659 ยท England ยท Calais ยท House ยท House of Stewart ยท Charles II
Exile of Charles II
Returns to Calais in support of Royalist plots to restore the Monarchy
1659 ยท England ยท London ยท House ยท House of Stewart ยท James II
Marriage
Signs a contract of marriage with Anne Hyde, their offspring the are 1st English heirs
1659 ยท England ยท Northern Europe ยท Humanities ยท Philosophy ยท Algernon Sidney
Diplomatic Mission to Scandinavia
Sidney serves on a diplomatic mission connected with mediation between Sweden and Denmark.
1659 ยท England ยท London ยท Humanities ยท Philosophy ยท James Harrington
Rota Club
Harrington establishes the Rota Club to debate republican constitutional proposals.
1659 ยท England ยท London ยท Humanities ยท Philosophy ยท James Harrington
The Art of Lawgiving
Harrington publishes The Art of Lawgiving.
1659 ยท England ยท Science ยท Medicine ยท Thomas Willis
Discovery of Typhoid
The 1st to describe the symptoms of typhoid
1659 ยท England ยท Winnington Bridge ยท Warfare ยท Civil War ยท George Booth
Battle of Winnington Bridge
George Booths troops are routed by Lambert at the Battle of Winnington Bridge, the last Battle of the English civil war
1659 ยท England ยท Winnington Bridge ยท Warfare ยท Civil War ยท John Lambert
Battle of Winnington Bridge
Sir George Booths troops are routed by Lambert at the Battle of Winnington Bridge, the last Battle of the English civil war
1659 ยท England ยท Warfare ยท Civil War ยท Thomas Fairfax Cameron, 3rd
Restoration
Charles II the "merry monarch, scandalous and poor", is glad to obey the summons, and Fairfax provides the horse on which Charles rides at his coronation
1659 ยท England ยท Hague ยท Warfare ยท Civil War ยท Thomas Fairfax Cameron, 3rd
Restoration
A "free" Parliament is called; Fairfax is elected member for Yorkshire, and is put at the head of the commission appointed by the House of Commons to wait upon Charles II, at the Hague and urges his speedy return
1659 ยท England ยท London ยท Warfare ยท Commonwealth Army ยท George Monck
Commander in Chief
Appointed commander in chief as Parliament and the army seek a stable settlement.
1659 ยท England ยท Edinburgh ยท Warfare ยท Commonwealth Army ยท George Monck Albemarle, 1st
Army in Scotland
Maintains discipline among the Scottish army as English politics fractures.
1659 ยท England ยท Manchester ยท Warfare ยท Military ยท George Booth
Reballion of George Booth
Leads a Royalist rebellion in the greater Manchester area
1659 ยท France ยท Paris ยท Warfare ยท Thirty Years War ยท Louis XIV Sun King
Marriage
Marries Marie-Therese daughter of Philip IV of Spain
1659 ยท France ยท Warfare ยท Thirty Years War ยท Louis XIV Sun King
Rule of Netherlands
Under the Treaty of the Pyrenees France receives part of the Netherlands
1659 ยท France ยท Roussillon ยท Warfare ยท Thirty Years War ยท Louis XIV Sun King
Rule of Roussillon
Under the Treaty of the Pyrenees France receives Roussillon
1659 ยท France ยท Pyrenees ยท Warfare ยท Thirty Years War ยท Louis XIV Sun King
Treaty of Pyrenees
Ends the war with Spain, France receives Roussillon and part of the Spanish Netherlands
1659 ยท India ยท Delhi ยท House ยท House of Mogul ยท Dara
Execution
Aurangzeb arranges a formal coronation and has Dara openly marched in chains back to Delhi; when Dara finally arrived, he has his brother executed
1659 ยท India ยท Delhi ยท House ยท House of Mogul ยท Aurangzeb
Coronation
Aurangzeb arranges a formal coronation and has Dara openly marched in chains back to Delhi; when Dara finally arrived, he has his brother executed
1659 ยท India ยท Delhi ยท House ยท House of Mogul ยท Aurangzeb
Execution
Aurangzeb arranges a formal coronation and has Dara openly marched in chains back to Delhi; when Dara finally arrived, he has his brother executed
1659 ยท India ยท Pratapgarh ยท House ยท Maratha Empire ยท Shivaji Bhonsle
Battle of Pratapgarh
Shivaji defeats the Bijapur general Afzal Khan near Pratapgarh, greatly increasing Maratha prestige and territorial momentum.
1659 ยท Netherlands ยท Exploration ยท Exploration and Discovery ยท Abel Janszoon Tasman
The Dutch astronomer Christiaan Huygens observed Saturn in 1659, and solved the mystery, realizing that the "arms" around Saturn were really a system of rings. He also was the first to observe Saturns moon Titan
1659 ยท Spain ยท Rousillion ยท Warfare ยท Thirty Years War ยท Philip IV
Rule of Rousillion
Under the Treaty of the Pyrenees Roussillon is ceded to France
1659 ยท Spain ยท Pyrenees ยท Warfare ยท Thirty Years War ยท Philip IV
Treaty of Pyrenees
Marks the end of Spanish dominance in western Europe. France gains border regions but withdraws from most of Italy. Ends the Thirty Years War