1689 in History

The Convention resolves that James II has abdicated, clearing the constitutional path for William III of Orange and Mary to receive the crown.

Gives royal assent with Mary II to the Bill of Rights

Gives royal assent with William III to the Bill of Rights

William III of Orange gives royal assent to the Bill of Rights, placing major limits on arbitrary royal power and confirming parliamentary liberties.

Flodroff cooperates with Brandenburg forces in taking an important defensive position near Bonn.

Schoning helps capture a key fortification near Bonn before the formal siege begins.

Captures Carrickfergus after landing in Ulster

Begins the campaign with the capture of Charlemont, but no advance southward was made until the arrival of William

Brandenburg forces under Frederick III capture Kaiserswerth before concentrating against Bonn.

His forces capture the Maratha ruler Sambhaji

The Scottish Estates pass the Claim of Right making Anne succeeed William & Mary

Recognized in the Scottish succession after the heirs of William and Mary

The Convention Parliament first meets to resolve the throne and rights settlement

The Convention Parliament meets to determine the constitutional settlement following James II's departure.

Accepts the crown jointly with Mary after the Declaration of Rights is presented

Helps draft the Declaration of Rights for the Convention Parliament

Accepts the crown jointly with William after the Declaration of Rights is presented

William III of Orange and Mary accept the Declaration of Rights when the English crown is offered to them.

Named in the succession after the heirs of William and Mary

Declares war on France after French support for James II in Ireland

William III of Orange's government declares war on France as the Nine Years' War expands into an English war against Louis XIV.

Declares war on England

D'Asfeld commands the French-backed garrison during the formal Allied siege of Bonn.

Huxelles commands the French garrison when the Imperial army begins the siege of Mainz.

Melac is closely associated with the French destruction of Heidelberg and its castle during the devastation of the Palatinate.

Montclar directs French operations that dismantle the fortifications of Speyer during the scorched-earth withdrawal.

Created Earl of Marlborough by William III.

Churchill leads the English contingent serving in Waldeck's Allied army at Walcourt.

Executed by order of Aurangzeb

Orders the execution of Sambhaji after his capture

His army abandons the failed siege of Londonderry

Overthrown and confined after Peter I gains control

Takes effective control after the fall of the regent Sophia

The Scottish Claim of Right declares that he forfeited the crown

Frederick III directs the Brandenburg-led siege after months of blockade and bombardment around Bonn.

Villars serves among the French commanders during the unsuccessful action at Walcourt.

Joins William III in the Grand Alliance against Louis XIV

Joins the Grand Alliance against Louis XIV

Faces the enlarged Grand Alliance led by William III and Leopold I

William III of Orange joins England and the Dutch Republic with the Habsburg monarchy in the Grand Alliance against Louis XIV's France.

Appointed grand vizier during the Great Turkish War

Approves the repeal of the unpopular hearth tax in the first year of the new reign

Approves the repeal of the unpopular hearth tax with William III

William and Mary accepted the crown and Declaration of Rights, ending the vacancy.

The Commons resolved that James had abdicated and that the throne was vacant.

The Convention Parliament assembled to determine the constitutional settlement.

Is formally introduced into the House of Lords four days after becoming Earl of Marlborough.

Begins the campaign with the capture of Charlemont, but no advance southward was made until the arrival of William

Schomberg lands with a force of 10,000 at Bangor

Suppresses and captures a Scottish regiment mutinying for James II near Ipswich

Takes over Jacobite military leadership after Viscount Dundee is killed

William III of Orange begins his joint reign with Mary after they accept the English crown offered by the Convention.

Lands at Bangor with Williamite troops for the Irish campaign

Lands in Ireland with French support to recover his kingdoms

The Scottish Estates pass the Claim of Right making Anne succeeed William & Mary

Marries Eudoxia Lopukhina

Marries Charles II of Spain by proxy

Elected to the Convention Parliament as Member for Worcester

William III of Orange and Mary move into the newly enlarged Kensington Palace, which provides a healthier residence close to Westminster.

Accepts Parliament's annual control over military discipline through the Mutiny Act

Shares in the new constitutional settlement limiting standing-army authority

Begins the journey later recorded in Oku no Hosomichi

Accompanies Matsuo Basho on the journey north

Louvois helps organize and transmit orders for the systematic destruction carried out during the French withdrawal from the Palatinate.

Elected pope as Alexander VIII

Opens the Irish Parliament that recognizes his authority

Created Earl of Marlborough by William III

Remains co-tsar but becomes politically marginal after Sophia's fall

Appointed to the Privy Council before his elevation to the earldom.

Registers a parliamentary proxy with the Earl of Shrewsbury before leaving for military service abroad.

Refuses to recognize the removal of James II and does not crown William and Mary

Returns to England from campaign service in Flanders as the parliamentary session continues.

Returns to court office as a gentleman of the bedchamber under William III.

William III of Orange sends the Duke of Schomberg with a major army to oppose the Jacobite regime supporting James II in Ireland.

William III of Orange and Mary accept the Scottish crown after the Convention of Estates offers it to them.

Presides over the convention that offers the Scottish crown to William and Mary

Accepts the separate Scottish crown with Mary II

Accepts the separate Scottish crown with William III

Marries Maria Anna of Neuburg by proxy after the death of his first wife

Separates from Matsuo Basho during the later stages of the journey

Frederick III commands the Brandenburg-led Allied operation that ends with the capture of Bonn.

A 15 week siege of Londonderry by James IIs Irish-French army ends in failure

His forces begin the main siege of Londonderry

Charles V of Lorraine commands the Imperial army that forces the French garrison of Mainz to capitulate.

Charles V of Lorraine opens the Imperial siege of the French-held fortress of Mainz.

Leads a Jacobite siege of Perth

The Scottish Estates pass the Claim of Right making Anne succeeed William & Mary

Succeeds his brother Sambhaji as Maratha ruler

Lands in Ireland with the support of Louis XIV

Acknowledged King by an Irish Parliament

Succeeds as King of England

Succeeds as Queen of Scots (as Mary II of Scotland)

William and Mary are offered the separate Scottish Crown (the two kingdoms were not united until the Acts of Union in 1707); they accept on 11 May

The Convention of the Estates of Scotland - which was much more divided than the English Parliament - finally declares that James is no longer King of Scotland

Succeeds as joint monarch after the Convention settlement

William III of Orange accepts the English crown jointly with Mary after Parliament declares that James II has abdicated.

Supports the settlement offering the crown to William and Mary

His earlier support for the invitation to William helps shape the Revolution settlement

Severely wounded and short of supplies, d'Asfeld surrenders Bonn to the Allied besiegers.

Huxelles capitulates after a costly defence and the surviving French garrison receives terms for withdrawal.

Benefits from the legal toleration granted to Protestant dissenters

Gives royal assent to the Toleration Act protecting many Protestant dissenters

Gives royal assent with William III to the Toleration Act

William III of Orange gives assent to legislation allowing most Protestant dissenters to worship publicly under specified conditions.

Authorizes the Treaty of Nerchinsk fixing the Qing-Russian frontier north of the Amur

Serves as interpreter and mediator during the Treaty of Nerchinsk negotiations

Negotiates the Treaty of Nerchinsk with Qing representatives

Negotiates the Treaty of Nerchinsk for the Kangxi Emperor

Serves as interpreter in the Treaty of Nerchinsk negotiations

Her government is still represented in the negotiations concluded at Nerchinsk

Visits Matsushima during the Oku no Hosomichi journey

Faces England's declaration of war after French support for James II

France is at war with England after William III's government joins the coalition opposing Louis XIV.

Birth of Joseph Bodin de Boismortier

Birth of Lady Mary Wortley Montagu

Birth of Montesquieu

Birth of Samuel Richardson

Dies and is buried in Westminster Abbey

Dies after a pontificate marked by opposition to Louis XIV

Death of John Graham, killed at the Battle of Killiecranki

Killed at the Battle of Killiecrankie

Dies after a career that helped shape clinical medicine

An inconclusive naval skirmish off the coast of Ireland with the English

An inconclusive naval skirmish off the coast of Ireland with the French

Commands the English fleet in the inconclusive Battle of Bantry Bay

Commands the French fleet in the Battle of Bantry Bay

The Jacobite Army was broken up at Dunkeld & its remnants defeated at Cromdale

Marches towards Perth but checked at Dunkeld

Leads Jacobite forces against the Cameronian regiment at Dunkeld

The Jacobite rising is checked at Dunkeld on its way to Perth

The Jacobite rising in his name is checked at Dunkeld

Leads the Jacobite forces to victory but is killed in battle

Leads a Williamite army but is defeated in battle

Leads the Jacobites to victory at Killiecrankie

Commands the Williamite army defeated at Killiecrankie

Commands Ottoman forces defeated at Nis

Commands the English contingent whose attack helps defeat the French at Walcourt.

Humieres commands the French army defeated by Waldeck at Walcourt.

Waldeck commands the Allied army that defeats the French at Walcourt.

Normally, the Archbishop of Canterbury performs coronations, but the Archbishop at the time, William Sancroft, although an Anglican, refused to recognise the validity of James IIs removal. Crowned jointly with William III, Queen of England, Scotland & Ireland

Crowned jointly with Mary II at Westminster Abbey

Crowned jointly with William III at Westminster Abbey

William III of Orange and Mary II are crowned jointly at Westminster Abbey as King and Queen of England, Scotland and Ireland.

Swears the coronation oath under the Revolution settlement

Swears the coronation oath jointly with William III

Performs the coronation of William III and Mary II after William Sancroft refuses

At his coronation, William III of Orange swears the revised oath to govern according to statutes agreed in Parliament.