Birth of Montesquieu
Birth of Montesquieu
Historical events in 1689
236 historical records
January 16897 historical events
Convention Parliament
The Convention Parliament first meets to resolve the throne and rights settlement
Convention Parliament
The Convention Parliament meets to determine the constitutional settlement following James II's departure.
Interregnum
The Convention Parliament assembled to determine the constitutional settlement.
Marriage
Marries Eudoxia Lopukhina
Interregnum
The Commons resolved that James had abdicated and that the throne was vacant.
Destruction of Speyer Defences
Montclar directs French operations that dismantle the fortifications of Speyer during the scorched-earth withdrawal.
February 168916 historical events
Capture of Sambhaji
His forces capture the Maratha ruler Sambhaji
Abdication Resolution
The Convention resolves that James II has abdicated, clearing the constitutional path for William III of Orange and Mary to receive the crown.
Declaration of Rights
Helps draft the Declaration of Rights for the Convention Parliament
Succession Settlement
Supports the settlement offering the crown to William and Mary
Succession Settlement
His earlier support for the invitation to William helps shape the Revolution settlement
Declaration of Rights
Accepts the crown jointly with Mary after the Declaration of Rights is presented
Declaration of Rights
William III of Orange and Mary accept the Declaration of Rights when the English crown is offered to them.
Declaration of Rights Succession
Named in the succession after the heirs of William and Mary
Declaration of Rights
Accepts the crown jointly with William after the Declaration of Rights is presented
Interregnum
William and Mary accepted the crown and Declaration of Rights, ending the vacancy.
Succession
Succeeds as joint monarch after the Convention settlement
Joint Reign Begins
William III of Orange begins his joint reign with Mary after they accept the English crown offered by the Convention.
Succession
William III of Orange accepts the English crown jointly with Mary after Parliament declares that James II has abdicated.
Privy Council
Appointed to the Privy Council before his elevation to the earldom.
Royal Bedchamber Appointment
Returns to court office as a gentleman of the bedchamber under William III.
Palatinate Destruction Policy
Louvois helps organize and transmit orders for the systematic destruction carried out during the French withdrawal from the Palatinate.
March 16898 historical events
Destruction of Heidelberg
Melac is closely associated with the French destruction of Heidelberg and its castle during the devastation of the Palatinate.
Execution
Executed by order of Aurangzeb
Execution of Sambhaji
Orders the execution of Sambhaji after his capture
Landing in Ireland
Lands in Ireland with French support to recover his kingdoms
Succession
Succeeds his brother Sambhaji as Maratha ruler
Succession
Lands in Ireland with the support of Louis XIV
Capture of Charlemont
Begins the campaign with the capture of Charlemont, but no advance southward was made until the arrival of William
Invasion of Ireland
Begins the campaign with the capture of Charlemont, but no advance southward was made until the arrival of William
April 168924 historical events
Mutiny Act
Accepts Parliament's annual control over military discipline through the Mutiny Act
Mutiny Act
Shares in the new constitutional settlement limiting standing-army authority
Succession
Acknowledged King by an Irish Parliament
Succession
Succeeds as King of England
Earl of Marlborough
Created Earl of Marlborough by William III.
Peerage
Created Earl of Marlborough by William III
Coronation Oath
Swears the coronation oath under the Revolution settlement
Revised Coronation Oath
At his coronation, William III of Orange swears the revised oath to govern according to statutes agreed in Parliament.
Legislation
The Scottish Estates pass the Claim of Right making Anne succeeed William & Mary
Coronation Oath
Swears the coronation oath jointly with William III
Coronation
Crowned jointly with Mary II at Westminster Abbey
Coronation
William III of Orange and Mary II are crowned jointly at Westminster Abbey as King and Queen of England, Scotland and Ireland.
Claim of Right
The Scottish Estates pass the Claim of Right making Anne succeeed William & Mary
Succession
The Scottish Estates pass the Claim of Right making Anne succeeed William & Mary
Succession
Succeeds as Queen of Scots (as Mary II of Scotland)
Coronation
Crowned jointly with William III at Westminster Abbey
Refusal to Crown William and Mary
Refuses to recognize the removal of James II and does not crown William and Mary
Coronation of William and Mary
Performs the coronation of William III and Mary II after William Sancroft refuses
Scottish Crown Offer
Presides over the convention that offers the Scottish crown to William and Mary
Forfeiture of the Crown
The Scottish Claim of Right declares that he forfeited the crown
Claim of Right Succession
Recognized in the Scottish succession after the heirs of William and Mary
Introduction to House of Lords
Is formally introduced into the House of Lords four days after becoming Earl of Marlborough.
Death of Aphra Behn
Dies and is buried in Westminster Abbey
Siege of Londonderry
His forces begin the main siege of Londonderry
May 168923 historical events
Battle of Banrty Bay
An inconclusive naval skirmish off the coast of Ireland with the French
Battle of Cromdale
The Jacobite Army was broken up at Dunkeld & its remnants defeated at Cromdale
Battle of Banrty Bay
An inconclusive naval skirmish off the coast of Ireland with the English
Battle of Bantry Bay
Commands the French fleet in the Battle of Bantry Bay
Battle of Bantry Bay
Commands the English fleet in the inconclusive Battle of Bantry Bay
Declaration of War
Declares war on France after French support for James II in Ireland
Declaration of War
William III of Orange's government declares war on France as the Nine Years' War expands into an English war against Louis XIV.
War with England
Faces England's declaration of war after French support for James II
Declaration of War
Declares war on England
War with England
France is at war with England after William III's government joins the coalition opposing Louis XIV.
Patriot Parliament
Opens the Irish Parliament that recognizes his authority
Scottish Crown Accepted
William III of Orange and Mary accept the Scottish crown after the Convention of Estates offers it to them.
Succession
William and Mary are offered the separate Scottish Crown (the two kingdoms were not united until the Acts of Union in 1707); they accept on 11 May
Scottish Crown Offer
Accepts the separate Scottish crown with Mary II
Scottish Crown Offer
Accepts the separate Scottish crown with William III
Proxy to Shrewsbury
Registers a parliamentary proxy with the Earl of Shrewsbury before leaving for military service abroad.
Oku no Hosomichi Journey
Begins the journey later recorded in Oku no Hosomichi
Oku no Hosomichi Journey
Accompanies Matsuo Basho on the journey north
Toleration Act
Gives royal assent to the Toleration Act protecting many Protestant dissenters
Toleration Act
Gives royal assent with William III to the Toleration Act
Toleration Act
Benefits from the legal toleration granted to Protestant dissenters
Birth of Lady Mary Wortley Montagu
Birth of Lady Mary Wortley Montagu
Toleration Act
William III of Orange gives assent to legislation allowing most Protestant dissenters to worship publicly under specified conditions.
June 16891 historical events
Capture of Kaiserswerth
Brandenburg forces under Frederick III capture Kaiserswerth before concentrating against Bonn.
July 168911 historical events
Capture of Bonn Outwork
Schoning helps capture a key fortification near Bonn before the formal siege begins.
Capture of Bonn Outwork
Flodroff cooperates with Brandenburg forces in taking an important defensive position near Bonn.
Defence of Mainz Begins
Huxelles commands the French garrison when the Imperial army begins the siege of Mainz.
Siege of Mainz Begins
Charles V of Lorraine opens the Imperial siege of the French-held fortress of Mainz.
Battle of Killiecranki
Leads a Williamite army but is defeated in battle
Battle of Killiecranki
Leads the Jacobite forces to victory but is killed in battle
Death of John Graham
Death of John Graham, killed at the Battle of Killiecranki
Jacobite Leadership
Takes over Jacobite military leadership after Viscount Dundee is killed
Battle of Killiecrankie
Commands the Williamite army defeated at Killiecrankie
Battle of Killiecrankie
Leads the Jacobites to victory at Killiecrankie
Death of John Graham
Killed at the Battle of Killiecrankie
August 168926 historical events
Siege of Londonderry
A 15 week siege of Londonderry by James IIs Irish-French army ends in failure
Failure at Londonderry
His army abandons the failed siege of Londonderry
Death of Innocent Odescalchi
Dies after a pontificate marked by opposition to Louis XIV
Landing in Ireland
Lands at Bangor with Williamite troops for the Irish campaign
Birth of Samuel Richardson
Birth of Samuel Richardson
Battle of Dunbar
Marches towards Perth but checked at Dunkeld
Battle of Dunkeld
The Jacobite rising is checked at Dunkeld on its way to Perth
Battle of Dunkeld
Leads Jacobite forces against the Cameronian regiment at Dunkeld
Battle of Dunkeld
The Jacobite rising in his name is checked at Dunkeld
English Contingent at Walcourt
Churchill leads the English contingent serving in Waldeck's Allied army at Walcourt.
Battle of Walcourt
Commands the English contingent whose attack helps defeat the French at Walcourt.
French Command at Walcourt
Villars serves among the French commanders during the unsuccessful action at Walcourt.
Battle of Walcourt
Humieres commands the French army defeated by Waldeck at Walcourt.
Battle of Walcourt
Waldeck commands the Allied army that defeats the French at Walcourt.
Treaty of Nerchinsk
Serves as interpreter and mediator during the Treaty of Nerchinsk negotiations
Treaty of Nerchinsk
Serves as interpreter in the Treaty of Nerchinsk negotiations
Treaty of Nerchinsk
Authorizes the Treaty of Nerchinsk fixing the Qing-Russian frontier north of the Amur
Treaty of Nerchinsk
Negotiates the Treaty of Nerchinsk for the Kangxi Emperor
Capture of Carrickfergus
Captures Carrickfergus after landing in Ulster
Treaty of Nerchinsk
Negotiates the Treaty of Nerchinsk with Qing representatives
Treaty of Nerchinsk
Her government is still represented in the negotiations concluded at Nerchinsk
Second Marriage
Marries Maria Anna of Neuburg by proxy after the death of his first wife
Marriage Proxy
Marries Charles II of Spain by proxy
Schomberg Sent to Ireland
William III of Orange sends the Duke of Schomberg with a major army to oppose the Jacobite regime supporting James II in Ireland.
Siege of Perth
Leads a Jacobite siege of Perth
Invasion of Ireland
Schomberg lands with a force of 10,000 at Bangor
September 16895 historical events
Surrender of Mainz
Huxelles capitulates after a costly defence and the surviving French garrison receives terms for withdrawal.
Siege of Mainz
Charles V of Lorraine commands the Imperial army that forces the French garrison of Mainz to capitulate.
Defence of Bonn
D'Asfeld commands the French-backed garrison during the formal Allied siege of Bonn.
Formal Siege of Bonn
Frederick III directs the Brandenburg-led siege after months of blockade and bombardment around Bonn.
Battle of Nis
Commands Ottoman forces defeated at Nis
October 16894 historical events
Papal Election
Elected pope as Alexander VIII
Surrender of Bonn
Severely wounded and short of supplies, d'Asfeld surrenders Bonn to the Allied besiegers.
Siege of Bonn
Frederick III commands the Brandenburg-led Allied operation that ends with the capture of Bonn.
Grand Vizier
Appointed grand vizier during the Great Turkish War
November 16893 historical events
Return from Flanders
Returns to England from campaign service in Flanders as the parliamentary session continues.
Coronation
Normally, the Archbishop of Canterbury performs coronations, but the Archbishop at the time, William Sancroft, although an Anglican, refused to recognise the validity of James IIs removal. Crowned jointly with William III, Queen of England, Scotland & Ireland
Succession
The Convention of the Estates of Scotland - which was much more divided than the English Parliament - finally declares that James is no longer King of Scotland
December 168910 historical events
Bill of Rights
Gives royal assent with Mary II to the Bill of Rights
Bill of Rights Enacted
William III of Orange gives royal assent to the Bill of Rights, placing major limits on arbitrary royal power and confirming parliamentary liberties.
Bill of Rights
Gives royal assent with William III to the Bill of Rights
Grand Alliance
Joins William III in the Grand Alliance against Louis XIV
Grand Alliance
Joins the Grand Alliance against Louis XIV
Grand Alliance Treaty
William III of Orange joins England and the Dutch Republic with the Habsburg monarchy in the Grand Alliance against Louis XIV's France.
Grand Alliance Opposition
Faces the enlarged Grand Alliance led by William III and Leopold I
Birth of Joseph Bodin de Boismortier
Birth of Joseph Bodin de Boismortier
Move to Kensington Palace
William III of Orange and Mary move into the newly enlarged Kensington Palace, which provides a healthier residence close to Westminster.
Death of Thomas Sydenham
Dies after a career that helped shape clinical medicine
Hearth Tax Repeal
Approves the repeal of the unpopular hearth tax in the first year of the new reign
Member of Parliament
Elected to the Convention Parliament as Member for Worcester
Hearth Tax Repeal
Approves the repeal of the unpopular hearth tax with William III
Ipswich Mutiny
Suppresses and captures a Scottish regiment mutinying for James II near Ipswich
Visit to Matsushima
Visits Matsushima during the Oku no Hosomichi journey
Separation from Basho
Separates from Matsuo Basho during the later stages of the journey
Fall from Power
Overthrown and confined after Peter I gains control
Political Eclipse
Remains co-tsar but becomes politically marginal after Sophia's fall
Fall of Sophia
Takes effective control after the fall of the regent Sophia
Grand Alliance
An alliance of England, the United Provinces, Austria & Savoy against the French
Treaty of Nerchinsk
The Albazin fortress on the Amur River is dismantled & rebuilt nearer Beijing. The 1st Treaty Russia signs with a western power. Fixes the Sinon frontier north of the Amur River
Lord Chief Justice
Appointed Lord Chief Justice of the King's Bench
Constitution of England
Helps draft the Declaration of Rights
Declaration of Rights
Helps draft the Declaration of Rights
Member of Parliament
Elected Member of Parliament
Succession
Supports the deposition of James II & the succession of William of Orange
Secretary of State
Appointed Secretary of State
Succession
Signs the invitation to William of Orange to succeed to the throne
Lord Chamberlain
Appointed Lord Chamberlain in the new regime
Lord Chamberlain
Appointed Lord Chamberlain
Secretary of State
Appointed Secretary of State in William and Mary's government
Lord President
Appointed Lord President of the Council under William III and Mary II
Lord President
Appointed Lord President of the Council & virtually becomes Prime Minister
Privy Council
Serves as a Privy Councillor in William and Mary's government
Secretary of State
Appointed Secretary of State under William III and Mary II
Constitution of England
William III of Orange and Mary accept the Declaration of Rights, establishing a settlement in which the monarchy must govern within law and Parliament's authority.
Coronation Oath Act
William III of Orange assents to the statutory form of the coronation oath that binds future monarchs more explicitly to government under law.
Mutiny Act
William III of Orange assents to the Mutiny Act, reinforcing the principle that military discipline and a standing army depend on parliamentary authorization.
Presbyterian Settlement in Scotland
William III of Orange recognizes the Presbyterian Church settlement in Scotland as part of the post-revolution political order.
Privy Seal
Serves as Lord Privy Seal in the early Williamite settlement
Constitution of England
The Declaration of Rights, if there are no heirs to William & Mary Anne will succeed
Declaration of Rights
The Declaration of Rights, if there are no heirs to William & Mary Anne will succeed
Bill of Rights
The Bill of Rights declares that the Sovereign could not punish members of either House of Parliament for anything said during debates, require excessive bail or inflict cruel or unusual punishments
Bill of Rights
The Bill of Rights declares that the Sovereign could not raise a standing army during peacetime without Parliamentary consent, deny the right to bear arms to Protestant subjects or unduly interfere with Parliamentary elections.
Bill of Rights
The Bill of Rights declares that the Sovereign could not suspend laws passed by Parliament, levy taxes without Parliamentary consent or infringe the right to petition.
Constitution of England
The Bill of Rights declares that the Sovereign could not punish members of either House of Parliament for anything said during debates, require excessive bail or inflict cruel or unusual punishments
Constitution of England
The Bill of Rights declares that the Sovereign could not raise a standing army during peacetime without Parliamentary consent, deny the right to bear arms to Protestant subjects or unduly interfere with Parliamentary elections.
Constitution of England
The Bill of Rights declares that the Sovereign could not suspend laws passed by Parliament, levy taxes without Parliamentary consent or infringe the right to petition.
Election
The Bill of Rights declares that the Sovereign could not raise a standing army during peacetime without Parliamentary consent, deny the right to bear arms to Protestant subjects or unduly interfere with Parliamentary elections
Declaration of Rights
The Declaration of Rights forms the basis of the political settlement that recognizes William III of Orange and Mary as joint monarchs.
Hampton Court Rebuilding
William III of Orange commissions Sir Christopher Wren to begin a major rebuilding campaign at Hampton Court Palace.
Kensington Residence Acquired
William III of Orange and Mary acquire Nottingham House and commission its rapid transformation into Kensington Palace.
Reform of Parliament
The new settlement prevents the Crown from suspending laws without parliamentary authority and strengthens Parliament's constitutional position.
Declaration of Rights
The Declaration of Rights, if there are no heirs to William & Mary Anne will succeed
Succession
The Declaration of Rights, if there are no heirs to William & Mary Anne will succeed. Declaration of Right passes through Parliament
Bill of Rights
The Bill of Rights declares that the Sovereign could not punish members of either House of Parliament for anything said during debates, require excessive bail or inflict cruel or unusual punishments
Bill of Rights
The Bill of Rights declares that the Sovereign could not raise a standing army during peacetime without Parliamentary consent, deny the right to bear arms to Protestant subjects or unduly interfere with Parliamentary elections.
Bill of Rights
The Bill of Rights declares that the Sovereign could not suspend laws passed by Parliament, levy taxes without Parliamentary consent or infringe the right to petition.
Election
The Bill of Rights declares that the Sovereign could not raise a standing army during peacetime without Parliamentary consent, deny the right to bear arms to Protestant subjects or unduly interfere with Parliamentary elections
Assize Sermon at Hertford
Strype publishes a sermon preached at the Hertford assizes.
Essay Concerning Human Understanding
Locke publishes An Essay Concerning Human Understanding, dated 1690.
Letter Concerning Toleration
Locke publishes A Letter Concerning Toleration.
Two Treatises of Government
Locke publishes Two Treatises of Government.
Bishop
Appointed Bishop of Worcester
Bishop of Worcester
Appointed Bishop of Worcester
Astronomical Instrument Alignment Improved
Careful mounting and adjustment helped reduce errors in the Observatory's repeated positional measurements. Its influence reached maritime practice beyond the Observatory itself.
Invasion of Ireland
Louis XIV assists James II during his Irish campaign against William III.
Grand Alliance
William III of Orange helps bring England, the Dutch Republic and other powers into the Grand Alliance against France.
Commander of Jacobites
Takes over Jacobite leadership after the death of Viscount Dundee
Privy Council
Appointed to the Privy Council under William III
Invasion of Palatinate
Invades to prevent William of Orange deposing James II of Great Britain. Invades the Palatinate to secure his sister-in-laws claims for its succession
Palatinate Devastation
Louis XIV's government pursues a scorched-earth withdrawal in the Palatinate as French forces destroy towns and fortifications.
Invasion of Ireland
Louis XIV assists James II during his Irish campaign against William III.
Battle of Isle of Wight
Defeats the Anglo-Dutch fleet off the Isle of Wight
Blockade of Brest
Breaks the English blockade of Brest
Brest Blockade Broken
Tourville breaks through the English blockade, restoring French naval freedom of movement from Brest.
Chief Naval Squadron
Appointed Chief of the Naval Squadron, 2nd term
French Fleet Command
Tourville commands major French naval forces as the maritime struggle with the Grand Alliance develops.
Declaration of War
Declares war on Spain
Grand Alliance
An alliance of England, the United Provinces, Austria and Savoy against the French
Invasion of Palatinate
Forced to withdraw from the Palatinate after the formation of the Grand Alliance
Chief Naval Squadron
Appointed Chief of the Naval Squadron, 2nd term
Grand Alliance
Aligns Brandenburg-Prussia with the anti-French coalition
Alliance Frederick I and Grand Alliance
Joins the Grand Alliance against Louis XIV of France
Palatinate Devastation
As heir to the Elector Palatine, Johann Wilhelm sees the Palatinate devastated during the French withdrawal and destruction campaign.
Death of Alamgir
Captures & executes the Sivajis son of the Maratha
Execution
Captures & executes the Sivajis son of the Maratha
Invasion of Maratha
Overuns the territory of the Maratha with his Grand Army of the Deccan
Escape to Gingee
Rajaram escapes Mughal pressure in Maharashtra and establishes his court at the distant fortress of Gingee in Tamil Nadu.
Siege of Ipswich
Ginkell distinguished himself by a memorable exploit, the pursuit, defeat and capture of a Scottish regiment that had mutinied for James at Ipswich, and was marching northward across the fens
Marriage
Marries Eudoxia
Succession
Succeeds as Tsar of Russia, Assumes control of the Government & sole rule of Russia
Coup
Becomes a figurehead after the overthrow of his wife Sophia
Treaty of Nerchinsk
The Albazin fortress on the Amur River is dismantled & rebuilt nearer Beijing. Fixes the Sinon frontier north of the Amur River
Succession
President of the convention that offers the crown of Scotland to William & Mary
Birth of James Drummond
Birth of James Drummond, 2nd Duke of Perth
Colonel
Receives a brevet colonel appointment in Williamite service
Colonel
Appointed a brevetted Colonel
Lieutenant
Appointed a Lieutenant Colonel
Lieutenant Colonel
Receives a lieutenant-colonel appointment in Williamite service
Grand Alliance
An alliance of England, the United Provinces, Austria & Savoy against the French
Grand Alliance
Aligns Spain with the coalition against Louis XIV
Independent Foreign Policy
Charles avoids dependence on a single great power and preserves Swedish freedom of action.
Independent Foreign Policy
Charles avoids dependence on a single great power and preserves Swedish freedom of action.
Swedish Neutrality
Charles keeps Sweden neutral during the European war against Louis XIV.
Neutrality
Keeps Sweden officially neutral during the early War of the League of Augsburg
Swedish Neutrality
Charles keeps Sweden neutral during the European war against Louis XIV.
Great Turkish War
Faces Habsburg advances during the Great Turkish War