1691 in History

Bulonde raises the siege of Cuneo as Allied relief forces approach, leaving French guns and supplies behind.

Louis XIV arrives before Mons and personally oversees the principal French operation of the 1691 campaign.

William III of Orange campaigns with the Allied army as Louis XIV captures Mons during the Nine Years' War.

Luxembourg commands the covering army that prevents the Allies from relieving the French siege of Mons.

Ginkell took the fortress of Ballymore, capturing the whole garrison of 1,000 men. After reconstructing the fortifications of Ballymore, the army marched to Athlone, then one of the most important of the fortified towns of Ireland and key to the Jacobite defensive position, as it bridged the River Shannon

Galway next capitulates, its garrison being permitted to retire to Limeric. Galway next capitulated, its garrison being permitted to retire to Limerick

Louis XIV receives the successful conclusion of the siege as the Mons garrison marches out under agreed terms.

Catinat's campaign secures Nice after the citadel capitulates, extending French control along the Savoyard coast.

Catinat captures Villefranche during the French offensive against Savoy's Mediterranean territories.

Waldeck's withdrawing Allied cavalry is caught and defeated by Luxembourg near Leuze.

Executed for treason

Boufflers begins the French investment of Mons before the main siege works are opened.

Both armies were about 20,000 men strong, the soldiers of St Ruths army were mostly Irish Catholic, while Ginkels were English, Scottish, Danish, Dutch and French Huguenot (members of William IIIs League of Augsburg) and Ulster Protestants

Both armies were about 20,000 men strong, the soldiers of St Ruths army were mostly Irish Catholic, while Ginkels were English, Scottish, Danish, Dutch and French Huguenot (members of William IIIs League of Augsburg) and Ulster Protestants

Helps persuade Princess Anne to write a conciliatory letter to her exiled father, James II.

Leader of a popular uprising in support of William & Marys accession to the throne

Eugene of Savoy approaches with Allied relief forces, helping compel the French to abandon the siege of Cuneo.

The Treaty of Limerick ends the Williamite war in Ireland between the Jacobites and the supporters of William of Orange

Vauban directs the systematic siege works and artillery attack against Mons.

The Marquis de St Ruth (General Charles Chalmont), the French Jacobite general, moved too slowly to save Athlone, as he had to gather his troops from their quarters and raise new ones from rapparee bands and the levies of Irish landowners

The firing begins on June 19, and on June 30 the town is stormed, the Irish army retreating towards Galway

Godert de Ginkell, the Williamites Dutch general, had breached the Jacobite line of defence by crossing the Shannon at Athlone - taking the town after a bloody siege

After reconstructing the fortifications of Ballymore, the army marches to Athlone, then one of the most important of the fortified towns of Ireland and key to the Jacobite defensive position, as it bridged the river Shannon

Takes the fortress of Ballymore, capturing the whole garrison of 1,000 men

Feuquieres participates in the unsuccessful French attempt to seize Cuneo in Piedmont.

Galway surrenders to Williamite forces after the defeat of the Jacobite field army at Aughrim.

Concludes the siege of Limerick

Limerick capitulates to Williamite forces after the final major siege of the Irish war.

Executed for treason

The Treaty of Limerick ends the Williamite war in Ireland between the Jacobites and the supporters of William of Orange

Death of Jacob Leisler

A stunning defeat of the fleeing Franco-Irish followed in the confusion and darkness, with some 4000 corpses left on the field.

An immediate attack was resolved on, and, after a severe and at one time doubtful contest, the crisis was precipitated by the fall of the Franco-Irish leader, the French General Charles Chalmont, Marquis de St Ruth, after which his disorganized forces fled in the ensuing

As St Ruth tried to rally his cavalry on the left to counter-attack and drive the Williamite horse back, he was decapitated by a cannon ball, at this point, the Jacobite position collapsed very quickly.

Both armies were about 20,000 men strong, the soldiers of St Ruths army were mostly Irish Catholic, while Ginkels were English, Scottish, Danish, Dutch and French Huguenot (members of William IIIs League of Augsburg) and Ulster Protestants.

Ginkel marched through Ballinasloe, on the main road towards Limerick and Galway, before he found his way blocked by St Ruth's army at Aughrim on the 12th of July 1691.

The Battle of Aughrim all but decided the war in the Williamite favour.

darkness of the early-morning of 13 July.

13 July.

A stunning defeat of the fleeing Franco-Irish followed in the confusion and darkness, with some 4000 corpses left on the field. Having strengthened the fortifications of Athlone and having left a garrison there, Ginkel leads the English to Aughrim.

An immediate attack was resolved on, and, after a severe and at one time doubtful contest, the crisis was precipitated by the fall of the Franco-Irish leader, the French General Charles Chalmont, Marquis de St Ruth, after which his disorganized forces fled in the ensuing darkness of the early-morning of

As St Ruth tried to rally his cavalry on the left to counter-attack and drive the Williamite horse back, he was decapitated by a cannon ball, at this point, the Jacobite position collapsed very quickly

Both armies were about 20,000 men strong, the soldiers of St Ruth's army were mostly Irish Catholic, while Ginkel's were English, Scottish, Danish, Dutch and French Huguenot (members of William IIIs League of Augsburg) and Ulster Protestants.

Defeats the Irish Jacobites, the Battle of Aughrim all but decides the war in the Williamite favour.

Ginkel marched through Ballinasloe, on the main road towards Limerick and Galway, before he found his way blocked by St Ruth's army at Aughrim on the 12th of July 1691.

Godert de Ginkell, the Williamites Dutch general, had breached the Jacobite line of defence by crossing the Shannon at Athlone - taking the town after a bloody siege.

The Battle of Aughrim all but decided the war in the Williamites favour.

A stunning defeat of the fleeing Franco-Irish followed in the confusion and darkness, with some 4000 corpses left on the field.

An immediate attack was resolved on, and, after a severe and at one time doubtful contest, the crisis was precipitated by the fall of the Franco-Irish leader, the French General Charles Chalmont, Marquis de St Ruth, after which his disorganized forces fled in the ensuing

Many of the Jacobite dead were officers, who were very difficult to replace, another 4000 Jacobites either deserted or were taken prisoner & they had lost the better part of their equipment and supplies

The Battle of Aughrim all but decided the war in the Williamite favour.

darkness of the early-morning of 13 July.

St Ruth placed his best infantry under his second-in-command, the chevalier de Tesse, and most of his cavalry under Patrick Sarsfield

Williamite forces commanded by Godard van Reede Ginkel defeat the main Jacobite army at Aughrim, advancing the Irish war fought in William III of Orange's name.

Luxembourg launches a rapid cavalry attack that defeats a much larger Allied force near Leuze.

Mustafa & Thokoloy are defeated, Mustafa & 20,000 Turks are killed