Investment of Mons
Boufflers begins the French investment of Mons before the main siege works are opened.
Historical events in 1691
76 historical records
March 16915 historical events
Capture of Villefranche
Catinat captures Villefranche during the French offensive against Savoy's Mediterranean territories.
Arrival at Siege of Mons
Louis XIV arrives before Mons and personally oversees the principal French operation of the 1691 campaign.
Siege Engineering at Mons
Vauban directs the systematic siege works and artillery attack against Mons.
Blocking Relief of Mons
Luxembourg commands the covering army that prevents the Allies from relieving the French siege of Mons.
April 16913 historical events
Capture of Nice
Catinat's campaign secures Nice after the citadel capitulates, extending French control along the Savoyard coast.
Capture of Mons
Louis XIV receives the successful conclusion of the siege as the Mons garrison marches out under agreed terms.
Attempt to Relieve Mons
William III of Orange campaigns with the Allied army as Louis XIV captures Mons during the Nine Years' War.
May 16914 historical events
Death of Jacob Leisler
Death of Jacob Leisler
Execution
Executed for treason
Treason
Executed for treason
Reballion of popular
Leader of a popular uprising in support of William & Marys accession to the throne
June 16919 historical events
Siege of Athlone
The firing begins on June 19, and on June 30 the town is stormed, the Irish army retreating towards Galway
Abandonment of Cuneo Siege
Bulonde raises the siege of Cuneo as Allied relief forces approach, leaving French guns and supplies behind.
Siege of Cuneo
Feuquieres participates in the unsuccessful French attempt to seize Cuneo in Piedmont.
Relief of Cuneo
Eugene of Savoy approaches with Allied relief forces, helping compel the French to abandon the siege of Cuneo.
Siege of Athlone
The Marquis de St Ruth (General Charles Chalmont), the French Jacobite general, moved too slowly to save Athlone, as he had to gather his troops from their quarters and raise new ones from rapparee bands and the levies of Irish landowners
Siege of Athlone
Godert de Ginkell, the Williamites Dutch general, had breached the Jacobite line of defence by crossing the Shannon at Athlone - taking the town after a bloody siege
Capture of Ballymore
Ginkell took the fortress of Ballymore, capturing the whole garrison of 1,000 men. After reconstructing the fortifications of Ballymore, the army marched to Athlone, then one of the most important of the fortified towns of Ireland and key to the Jacobite defensive position, as it bridged the River Shannon
Siege of Athlone
After reconstructing the fortifications of Ballymore, the army marches to Athlone, then one of the most important of the fortified towns of Ireland and key to the Jacobite defensive position, as it bridged the river Shannon
Siege of Ballymore
Takes the fortress of Ballymore, capturing the whole garrison of 1,000 men
July 169127 historical events
Battle of Aughrim
A stunning defeat of the fleeing Franco-Irish followed in the confusion and darkness, with some 4000 corpses left on the field.
Battle of Aughrim
An immediate attack was resolved on, and, after a severe and at one time doubtful contest, the crisis was precipitated by the fall of the Franco-Irish leader, the French General Charles Chalmont, Marquis de St Ruth, after which his disorganized forces fled in the ensuing
Battle of Aughrim
Many of the Jacobite dead were officers, who were very difficult to replace, another 4000 Jacobites either deserted or were taken prisoner & they had lost the better part of their equipment and supplies
Battle of Aughrim
The Battle of Aughrim all but decided the war in the Williamite favour.
Battle of Aughrim
darkness of the early-morning of 13 July.
Battle of Aughrim
Williamite forces commanded by Godard van Reede Ginkel defeat the main Jacobite army at Aughrim, advancing the Irish war fought in William III of Orange's name.
Battle of Aughrim
A stunning defeat of the fleeing Franco-Irish followed in the confusion and darkness, with some 4000 corpses left on the field.
Battle of Aughrim
An immediate attack was resolved on, and, after a severe and at one time doubtful contest, the crisis was precipitated by the fall of the Franco-Irish leader, the French General Charles Chalmont, Marquis de St Ruth, after which his disorganized forces fled in the ensuing
Battle of Aughrim
As St Ruth tried to rally his cavalry on the left to counter-attack and drive the Williamite horse back, he was decapitated by a cannon ball, at this point, the Jacobite position collapsed very quickly.
Battle of Aughrim
Both armies were about 20,000 men strong, the soldiers of St Ruths army were mostly Irish Catholic, while Ginkels were English, Scottish, Danish, Dutch and French Huguenot (members of William IIIs League of Augsburg) and Ulster Protestants.
Battle of Aughrim
Ginkel marched through Ballinasloe, on the main road towards Limerick and Galway, before he found his way blocked by St Ruth's army at Aughrim on the 12th of July 1691.
Battle of Aughrim
The Battle of Aughrim all but decided the war in the Williamite favour.
Battle of Aughrim
darkness of the early-morning of 13 July.
League of Augsburg
Both armies were about 20,000 men strong, the soldiers of St Ruths army were mostly Irish Catholic, while Ginkels were English, Scottish, Danish, Dutch and French Huguenot (members of William IIIs League of Augsburg) and Ulster Protestants
Battle of Aughrim
St Ruth placed his best infantry under his second-in-command, the chevalier de Tesse, and most of his cavalry under Patrick Sarsfield
Battle of Aughrim
13 July.
Battle of Aughrim
A stunning defeat of the fleeing Franco-Irish followed in the confusion and darkness, with some 4000 corpses left on the field. Having strengthened the fortifications of Athlone and having left a garrison there, Ginkel leads the English to Aughrim.
Battle of Aughrim
An immediate attack was resolved on, and, after a severe and at one time doubtful contest, the crisis was precipitated by the fall of the Franco-Irish leader, the French General Charles Chalmont, Marquis de St Ruth, after which his disorganized forces fled in the ensuing darkness of the early-morning of
Battle of Aughrim
As St Ruth tried to rally his cavalry on the left to counter-attack and drive the Williamite horse back, he was decapitated by a cannon ball, at this point, the Jacobite position collapsed very quickly
Battle of Aughrim
Both armies were about 20,000 men strong, the soldiers of St Ruth's army were mostly Irish Catholic, while Ginkel's were English, Scottish, Danish, Dutch and French Huguenot (members of William IIIs League of Augsburg) and Ulster Protestants.
Battle of Aughrim
Defeats the Irish Jacobites, the Battle of Aughrim all but decides the war in the Williamite favour.
Battle of Aughrim
Ginkel marched through Ballinasloe, on the main road towards Limerick and Galway, before he found his way blocked by St Ruth's army at Aughrim on the 12th of July 1691.
Battle of Aughrim
Godert de Ginkell, the Williamites Dutch general, had breached the Jacobite line of defence by crossing the Shannon at Athlone - taking the town after a bloody siege.
Battle of Aughrim
The Battle of Aughrim all but decided the war in the Williamites favour.
League of Augsburg
Both armies were about 20,000 men strong, the soldiers of St Ruths army were mostly Irish Catholic, while Ginkels were English, Scottish, Danish, Dutch and French Huguenot (members of William IIIs League of Augsburg) and Ulster Protestants
Siege of Galway
Galway surrenders to Williamite forces after the defeat of the Jacobite field army at Aughrim.
Siege of Limerick
Limerick capitulates to Williamite forces after the final major siege of the Irish war.
August 16912 historical events
Battle of Szalankemen
Mustafa & Thokoloy are defeated, Mustafa & 20,000 Turks are killed
Capture of Galway
Galway next capitulates, its garrison being permitted to retire to Limeric. Galway next capitulated, its garrison being permitted to retire to Limerick
September 16912 historical events
Battle of Leuze
Luxembourg launches a rapid cavalry attack that defeats a much larger Allied force near Leuze.
Defeat at Leuze
Waldeck's withdrawing Allied cavalry is caught and defeated by Luxembourg near Leuze.
October 16913 historical events
Rule of Ireland
The Treaty of Limerick ends the Williamite war in Ireland between the Jacobites and the supporters of William of Orange
Siege of Limerick
Concludes the siege of Limerick
Treaty of Limerick
The Treaty of Limerick ends the Williamite war in Ireland between the Jacobites and the supporters of William of Orange
December 16911 historical events
Princess Anne Reconciliation Effort
Helps persuade Princess Anne to write a conciliatory letter to her exiled father, James II.
Civil Terms of Limerick
The civil articles of the Treaty of Limerick offer security of life and property to qualifying Jacobite soldiers and civilians who submit to William III of Orange.
Religious Terms of Limerick
Under the Williamite settlement at Limerick, limited religious protections are promised to Irish Catholics who meet the treaty's conditions.
Archbishop of Canterbury
Appointed Archbishop of Canterbury
Archbishop
Appointed Archbishop of Canterbury
Death of George Fox
Death of George Fox
Portsmouth Naval Basin Reconstruction Begins
Edmund Dummer's dockyard improvement programme included basin works later incorporated into the Block Mills site. The process reduced dependence on traditional individually shaped components.
Treaty of Limerick
Jamess loss of nerve and speedy exit from the battlefield of the Boyne enraged his Irish supporters, who fought on until the Treaty of Limerick in 1691
Treaty of Limerick
The Treaty of Limerick ends organized Jacobite resistance in Ireland and settles military and civil terms under William III of Orange's government.
Return to Continental Command
William III of Orange returns to the continent to direct Allied strategy against France while the Irish war moves toward its conclusion.
Elector
Appointed Elector of Saxony
Papal Ambassador of Vienna
Appointed Papal Ambassador of Vienna
Pope
Appointed Pope, Antonio Pignatelli
Capture of Limerick
Commands an Orange victory
Invasion of Ireland
Takes command in Ireland in the spring of 1691, and establishes his headquarters at Mullingar
Invasion of Ireland
Takes to the field in the spring of 1691, and establishes his headquarters at Mullingar
Karlskrona Fleet Expansion
The southern naval base develops into the centre of Sweden's expanding battle fleet.
Karlskrona Fleet Expansion
The southern naval base develops into the centre of Sweden's expanding battle fleet.
Battle of Slankamen
Ahmed II is defeated by Louis William I of Baden & Turkey loses Hungary
Rule of Hungary
Ahmed II is defeated by Louis William I of Baden & Turkey loses Hungary
Succession
Succeeds as Sultan of Turkey