1700 in History

Louis XIV accepts Charles II's will on behalf of his grandson Philip of Anjou.

Louis XIV accepts Charles II of Spain's will naming Philip of Anjou as heir to the Spanish monarchy.

Spanish ministers begin issuing government business in the name of Philip V.

The Treaty of Travendal removes Denmark from Augustus II's anti-Swedish coalition.

After Narva, Peter I begins urgent efforts to rebuild and reform the Russian army.

Nikita Repnin is associated with the rebuilding of Russian forces after the Narva disaster.

Peter I orders new artillery production after the loss of guns at Narva.

Louis XIV's decision threatens to unite Bourbon interests across France and Spain.

Charles II is buried in the royal pantheon at El Escorial.

Iakov Dolgorukov is taken prisoner after the Russian defeat at Narva.

Ivan Trubetskoy is among the Russian commanders captured after Narva.

Boris Sheremetev's cavalry is caught in the Russian defeat at Narva.

Philip V claims the whole Spanish inheritance under Charles II's will.

Charles Eugene de Croy commands Russian forces at Narva after Peter I leaves the army.

Nicolas Catinat is among the senior French commanders available as war over Spain becomes likely.

The landing at Humlebaek threatens Copenhagen and forces Denmark toward the Treaty of Travendal.

Portocarrero helps steer the Spanish council toward acceptance of the Bourbon succession.

Louis XIV convenes council over whether to accept the Spanish inheritance for his grandson.

Portocarrero helps direct the government after Charles II's death and before Philip V reaches Spain.

Madame de Maintenon is present at court as Louis XIV weighs acceptance of the Spanish will.

Aligns Danish civil dating more closely with most of western Europe.

Peter I declares war on Sweden after securing peace with the Ottoman Empire.

Defends Sweden's ally after Denmark attacks Holstein-Gottorp.

Henning Rudolf Horn commands the Swedish garrison at Narva during the Russian siege.

Philip V prepares to leave Versailles for Spain after being named heir to the Spanish throne.

Philip leaves Versailles for Spain to take possession of the Spanish throne.

Philip V prepares to leave France for his new Spanish kingdom.

Philip V becomes the first Bourbon monarch of Spain.

The Grand Dauphin's line becomes central to the Bourbon claim to the Spanish throne.

Louis XIV supports his grandson Philip as king of Spain while seeking to preserve Bourbon influence.

The Duke of Berry remains part of the Bourbon family calculations during the Spanish succession crisis.

The Duke of Burgundy remains in the French succession while his brother Philip accepts Spain.

The death of Charles II ends nearly two centuries of Habsburg rule in Spain.

Philip V's accession alarms powers opposed to a Bourbon union of France and Spain.

Louis XIV's acceptance of the Spanish will provokes alarm among France's rivals.

Philip V leaves the French court to take possession of the Spanish monarchy.

Helps introduce the Gregorian calendar in Denmark-Norway.

Prince William complains of illness after his eleventh birthday celebrations at Windsor.

Frederick IV invades Holstein-Gottorp, Sweden's ally, at the opening of the Great Northern War.

Peter I sends Russian forces into Swedish Ingria at the opening of the Great Northern War.

Augustus II sends Saxon troops into Swedish Livonia, opening his campaign against Sweden.

Charles XII invades Livonia

Charles XII lands in Livonia and begins the campaign to relieve Narva.

Charles XII's army and fleet advance toward Copenhagen and force Denmark to seek peace.

Charles XII lands near Copenhagen with Anglo-Dutch naval support and forces Denmark toward peace.

Lands near Copenhagen with naval support and threatens Denmark's capital.

Louis XIV issues measures preserving Philip V's French dynastic status, increasing European concern.

Moves east to relieve Swedish positions threatened by Russia.

Russian forces struggle to maintain supply lines while besieging Narva.

Augustus II loses Denmark as an active ally after Charles XII's landing on Zealand forces the Treaty of Travendal.

Charles XII's army advances through harsh weather toward Narva and scatters Russian blocking forces.

Charles XII marches through difficult weather toward Narva to relieve the Swedish fortress.

Marches through harsh weather to relieve Narva.

Peter I leaves the siege of Narva shortly before the Swedish relief army arrives.

Peter I's army loses artillery, muskets and supplies after the defeat at Narva.

Vendome is considered among France's leading commanders as the Bourbon succession crisis develops.

The Swedish victory at Narva strengthens Charles XII and worsens Augustus II's position.

Philip of Anjou is proclaimed heir to Spain after Charles II leaves him the Spanish crown.

The Crown of Castile accepts Philip V as the heir named in Charles II's will.

Louis XIV publicly recognises Philip of Anjou as King of Spain.

Recognises his grandson Philip as King of Spain.

Cardinal Portocarrero becomes a leading figure in the government after Charles II's death.

Charles XII defeats the Russian army besieging Narva and relieves the Swedish fortress.

Relieves the Swedish fortress and captures Russian artillery.

Archduke Charles is advanced by the Austrian Habsburgs as a rival claimant to Spain.

Philip V assumes the royal style of King of Spain while still at Versailles.

Philip of Anjou assumes the title Philip V of Spain.

Charles XII leads the Swedish relief army toward Narva while Russian troops besiege the fortress.

Peter I's army begins the siege of the Swedish fortress of Narva.

Peter the Greats army of 40,000 besiege Narva

Peter I & his forces are forced to flee by the Swedish. 13-19 Nov, Charles XII scatters Russian forces blocking the Swedish route to Narva

Augustus II's Saxon army begins operations against Riga.

Augustus Saxon troops begin to besiege Riga

Torcy prepares diplomatic communications explaining the Bourbon acceptance of Spain.

The Spanish testament naming Philip of Anjou is debated at Versailles amid fears of a European war.

Considers Charles II's will naming Philip of Anjou.

Louis XIV considers the will of Charles II naming Philip of Anjou heir to Spain.

After Narva, Charles XII turns south toward Livonia and Poland-Lithuania rather than invading Russia.

After Narva, Charles XII turns toward Livonia and Poland-Lithuania rather than immediately invading Russia.

Turns south against Augustus II rather than marching directly on Moscow.

Peter I refuses to abandon the Baltic war despite the heavy defeat at Narva.

Philip, Duke of Anjou, is presented at Versailles as the new King of Spain.

Charles II signs his final will naming Philip of Anjou, grandson of Louis XIV, as heir to the Spanish monarchy.

Philip of Anjou is proclaimed King of Spain as Philip V.

Portocarrero supports the acceptance of Philip of Anjou as Charles II's successor.

The death of the Duke of Gloucester leaves the Protestant succession dangerously narrow and creates a major constitutional problem for William III of Orange.

The death of her son Prince William, Duke of Gloucester, leaves Anne without a surviving direct heir.

Charles II's death without children opens the succession conflict over the Spanish monarchy.

The death of Prince William of Gloucester leaves Anne without a surviving child and makes a new succession settlement urgent.

Louis XIV accepts Charles II's will naming Philip of Anjou as heir to the Spanish monarchy.

Torcy manages French diplomacy during the Spanish succession crisis.

Charles XII forces Denmark-Norway to make peace and abandon hostilities against Sweden.

The Treaty of Constantinople confirms Russia's possession of Azov and frees Peter I to turn against Sweden.

Peter I secures peace with the Ottoman Empire and confirmation of Russian possession of Azov.

Yemelyan Ukraintsev concludes the Treaty of Constantinople with the Ottoman Empire.

The Second Partition Treaty reserves important Italian possessions for the French Dauphin.

Charles II's final will rejects partition by naming Philip of Anjou heir to the undivided monarchy.

Charles II's death makes the partition treaties obsolete and opens the Spanish succession dispute.

The Second Partition Treaty makes Archduke Charles the proposed heir to Spain and the Indies.

Heinsius supports the Dutch Republic entering the Second Partition Treaty after the Bavarian heir dies.

William III of Orange agrees the Second Partition Treaty with France and the Dutch Republic in another attempt to avoid a European succession war.

Louis XIV agrees the Second Partition Treaty with England and the Dutch Republic after Joseph Ferdinand's death.

Denmark is forced out of the anti-Swedish alliance, weakening Augustus II's coalition against Charles XII.

Denmark-Norway makes peace and withdraws from the first anti-Swedish coalition.

Forces Denmark-Norway out of the war temporarily.

Prepares Sweden's response as enemies attack its Baltic empire.

Chamillart faces rising military pressure as the Spanish succession crisis moves toward war.

Maria Anna of Neuburg becomes the widow of Charles II after his death.

Charles II signs a final will naming Philip of Anjou as heir to the Spanish monarchy.

Death of Charles Berkeley, 2nd Earl of Berkeley.

Charles II dies childless in Madrid, triggering the succession crisis that leads to European war.

Charles II dies childless, ending the Spanish Habsburg line.

Charles II dies childless at Madrid, ending the Spanish Habsburg line and triggering the succession crisis.

Death of Samuel Pepys, naval administrator and diarist.

Prince William, Anne's only surviving child, dies aged eleven and leaves the Protestant succession uncertain.

Prince William, Duke of Gloucester, Anne's only surviving child, dies aged eleven, creating a Protestant succession crisis.

Charles XII defeats Peter I's much larger Russian army at Narva and captures guns and supplies.

Charles XII defeats Peter I's much larger Russian army at Narva.

Charles XII leads a smaller Swedish army to victory over Peter I's larger Russian force at Narva.

Defeats a much larger Russian army outside Narva.

Avtonom Golovin commands part of the Russian army during the Battle of Narva.

Henning Rudolf Horn commands the Swedish garrison at Narva before Charles XII relieves the fortress.

Carl Gustav Rehnskiold helps command the Swedish attack at Narva.

Magnus Stenbock serves in the Swedish army during the victory at Narva.

Otto Vellingk serves among the senior Swedish officers during Charles XII's Narva campaign.

Adam Veyde commands a Russian division during the Battle of Narva.

Augustus II loses strategic momentum after Charles XII destroys the Russian army at Narva.

Charles XII positioned his 8,000 men (another 2,500 men were garrisoned in the city and would take part in the battle at a later stage) opposite the besieging Russian army of about 34,000 to 40,000 troops.

If Sweden had invaded Russia immediately after Narva, Peter would have been almost powerless to stop them.

The Russian surrender brought to Charles XII's army all of Peter's cannons, muskets and military supplies.

This left Russia's remaining armed forces with essentially no equipment.