Battle of Amberg
The Austrians launch a surprise attack & overrun most of Bavaria
Historical events in 1745
236 historical records
January 17456 historical events
Quadruple Alliance
Austria, Saxony, England & Holland unite against France, Bavaria & Prussia
Quadruple Alliance
Austria, Saxony, England & Holland unite against France, Bavaria & Prussia
Alliance Agreement
England, Austria, Saxony and The Netherlands form an alliance against Russia
Alliance England, Austria, Saxony and The Netherlands
England, Austria, Saxony and The Netherlands form an alliance against Russia
Death of Charles VII
When Charles VII died in Munich on the 20th of January, 1745, his successor as Elector of Bavaria, Maximilian III Joseph, signed a preliminary peace with Austria. But a strong war-party led by Ignaz von Torring and supported by France wanted to continue the war. After the decisive defeat in the Battle of Pfaffenhofen on 15 April, Maximilian Joseph chose for peace
February 17453 historical events
Birth of Levin August Gottlieb Theophil von Bennigsen
Birth of Levin August Gottlieb Theophil von Bennigsen
Occupation
French troops occupy Brussels
Siege of Brussels
French troops occupy Brussels
March 17451 historical events
Succession
Succeeds as Elector of Bavaria
April 174517 historical events
Treaty of Fussen
The Treaty was signed by Joseph Furst zu Furstenberg of Bavaria and Rudolf Graf von Colloredo of Austria
Battle of Pfaffenhofen
Maximilian III Joseph signs a preliminary peace with Austria continued after defeat in the Battle of Pfaffenhofen
Treaty of Fussen
The Treaty was signed by Joseph Furst zu Furstenberg of Bavaria and Rudolf Graf von Colloredo of Austria
Pragmatic Sanction, The
Under the Treaty of Fussen Maximilian abandons his father's claim to Bohemia and recognizes the Pragmatic Sanction of 1713
Rule of Bohemia
Under the Treaty of Fussen Maximilian abandons his father's claim to Bohemia and recognizes the Pragmatic Sanction of 1713
Treaty of Fussen
Under the Treaty of Fussen Bavaria pulls out of the War of Austrian Succession on the side of France against Austria
Treaty of Fussen
Under the Treaty of Fussen Maximilian abandons his father's claim to Bohemia and recognizes the Pragmatic Sanction of 1713
Holy Roman Emperor
Under the Treaty of Fussen Austria did not demand any reparations and recognized the legitimacy of Charles VII's election as Holy Roman Emperor. Maximilian III promised to support the imperial candidacy of Maria Theresa's husband, Francis Stephen of Lorraine, and to influence the votes of the Electorate of the Palatinate and the Electorate of Cologne, both ruled by the Wittelsbach
Succession
Under the Treaty of Fussen Austria did not demand any reparations and recognized the legitimacy of Charles VII's election as Holy Roman Emperor. Maximilian III promised to support the imperial candidacy of Maria Theresa's husband, Francis Stephen of Lorraine, and to influence the votes of the Electorate of the Palatinate and the Electorate of Cologne, both ruled by the Wittelsbach
Treaty of Fussen
Under the Treaty of Fussen Austria did not demand any reparations and recognized the legitimacy of Charles VII's election as Holy Roman Emperor. Maximilian III promised to support the imperial candidacy of Maria Theresa's husband, Francis Stephen of Lorraine, and to influence the votes of the Electorate of the Palatinate and the Electorate of Cologne, both ruled by the Wittelsbach
Rule of Bavaria
Under the Treaty of Fussen Austria recognizes the legitimacy of Charles VII's election as Holy Roman Emperor
Rule of Bavaria
Under the Treaty of Fussen Austria restores all Bavaria's lost land
Treaty of Fussen
Peace between Austria & Bavaria
Treaty of Fussen
Renounces the Austrian crown & promises his vote to Francis Stephen. Peace between Austria & Bavaria. Austria restores all Bavaria's lost land
Treaty of Fussen
Under the Treaty of Fussen Bavaria pulls out of the War of Austrian Succession on the side of France against Austria
Rule of Bavaria
Under the Treaty of Fussen Austria recognizes the legitimacy of Charles VII's election as Holy Roman Emperor
Rule of Bavaria
Under the Treaty of Fussen Maximilian III promises to support the imperial candidacy of Maria Theresa's husband and future Habsburgs, Francis Stephen of Lorraine, and to influence the votes of the Electorate of the Palatinate and the Electorate of Cologne
May 174512 historical events
Battle of Fontenoy
French victory over 50,000 British, Dutch & German. Britain gains compensation in America & India. After the Battle of Fontenoy France occupies the Austrian Netherlands
Battle of Fontenoy
The French under Maurice de Saxe stop an allied advance on Tournai
Capture of Fontenoy
After the Battle of Fontenoy France occupies the Austrian Netherlands
Invasion of Netherlands, The
After the Battle of Fontenoy France occupies the Austrian Netherlands
Rule of Netherlands, The
After the Battle of Fontenoy France occupies the Austrian Netherlands
Battle of Fontenoy
Defeated by the French while relieving Tournai
Siege of Bruges
During the Battle of Fontenoy Cumberland is forced to retreat to Brussels and wis unable to prevent the fall of Ghent, Bruges and Ostend
Siege of Ghent
During the Battle of Fontenoy Cumberland is forced to retreat to Brussels and wis unable to prevent the fall of Ghent, Bruges and Ostend
Siege of Ostend
During the Battle of Fontenoy Cumberland is forced to retreat to Brussels and wis unable to prevent the fall of Ghent, Bruges and Ostend
Siege of Tournai
During the Battle of Fontenoy Cumberland is forced to retreat to Brussels and wis unable to prevent the fall of Ghent, Bruges and Ostend. Cumberland advances to the relief of Toutnai, which was besieged by Marshal Saxe, in the resulting Battle of Fontenoy the Allies were defeated by the French
Siege of Tournai
Defeated by Marshal Saxe in an a failed effort to relieve Tournai
Death of Francois-Marie de Broglie
Death of Francois-Marie de Broglie
June 17453 historical events
Battle of Hohen-Friedberg
Frederick II the Great surprises & defeats Charles of Lorraines Austrian Army
Battle of Hohen-Friedberg
Frederick II the Great surprises & defeats Charles of Lorraines Austrian Army
Frederick Exploits Battlefield Success
The victory strengthened Frederick II’s position in the Second Silesian War.
July 17456 historical events
Invasion of Great Britain
The Doutelle sails from Nantes on 22 June 1745, meeting the Elisabeth at Brittany on 4 July and then sailing together for Scotland
Invasion of England
"The Young Pretender", sets sail from Nantes to begin a Jacobite rebellion
Invasion of Great Britain
Charles had hoped for support from a French fleet, but it was badly damaged by storms, and he was left to raise an army in Scotland
Invasion of Great Britain
Charles raised funds to fit out two ships: the Elisabeth, an old man-of-war of 66 guns, and the Du Teillay (sometimes called Doutelle), a 16-gun privateer, which successfully land him and seven companions at Eriskay
Invasion of Great Britain
The Doutelle crosses the Sound of Arisaig to Forsay, Moidart
Capture of Bruges
French advances after Fontenoy threaten and secure Bruges.
August 174518 historical events
Invasion of Great Britain
The London Gazette prints the proclamation of the Lords Justices putting a pounds 30,000 bounty on the capture of Charles
Invasion of Great Britain
The Doutelle sails to Glenuig Bay and Charles travels by land from there to Kinlochmoidart
Invasion of Great Britain
Charles leaves Kinlochmoidart and the Clanranald MacDonalds helped transport Charles stores to Glenfinnan, where Charles planned a meeting of the chiefs of the clans
Invasion of Great Britain
The Jacobite standard is erected, a banner of red silk with a white space in the centre, the Catholic bishop Hugh MacDonald blesses the standard
Invasion of Great Britain
Charles's manifesto, dated 16 May 1745, declared that he was executing his father's will by asserting his right to his ancestors' throne.
Invasion of Great Britain
The Jacobite standard is erected, a banner of red silk with a white space in the centre, the Catholic bishop Hugh MacDonald blesses the standard.
Invasion of Great Britain
The Marquis of Tullibardine read King James's declaration and commission to the assembled clans, appointing Charles as Prince Regent.
Manifesto
The Marquis of Tullibardine reads aloud the Declaration of King James to the assembled clans, James commission appointing Charles his Prince Regent, and Charles manifesto (dated 16 May 1745), In this manifesto, Charles declared he was executing the will of his father in asserting his undoubted right to the throne of his ancestors
Reballion of Rebels in Glenfinnan
The Jacobite Royal standard is raised at Glenfinnan. 1,200 Jacobite forces gather & for the 2nd time the "old pretender" is proclaimed King
Marriage
The marriage proves unsuccessful - due to the Grand Duke Peters impotence and mental immaturity he may not have consummated it for 12 years. The future Catherine the Great marries the future Tsar Peter III. Catherine marries the Grand Duke Peter, the newlyweds settle in the Palace of Oranienbaum, which would remain the residence of the "young court" for 16 years
Battle of Prestonpans
Cope marched with his infantry and artillery towards Fort Augustus in the central Highlands to overawe the Highland clans and nip the rebellion "in the bud."
Battle of Prestonpans
He found that supposedly "well-affected" clans were evading calls to take up arms on behalf of the Government, using a variety of excuses.
Battle of Prestonpans
He turned about and marched instead to Inverness.
Battle of Prestonpans
On 25 August Cope heard that the rebel army, whose strength he overestimated, was preparing to oppose him at Corryarrack.
Siege of Edinburgh
The city, under the control of the Lord Provost Archibald Stewart, quickly surrendered
Invasion of Great Britain
The Jacobite cause was still supported by many Highland clans, both Catholic and Protestant. Charles hoped for a warm welcome from these clans to start an insurgency by Jacobites throughout Britain. He raised his father's standard at Glenfinnan and gathered a force large enough to enable him to march on Edinburgh
Raising of Standard
The Jacobite cause was still supported by many Highland clans, both Catholic and Protestant. Charles hoped for a warm welcome from these clans to start an insurgency by Jacobites throughout Britain. He raised his father's standard at Glenfinnan and gathered a force large enough to enable him to march on Edinburgh
Siege of Edinburgh
The Jacobite cause was still supported by many Highland clans, both Catholic and Protestant. Charles hoped for a warm welcome from these clans to start an insurgency by Jacobites throughout Britain. He raised his father's standard at Glenfinnan and gathered a force large enough to enable him to march on Edinburgh
September 174532 historical events
Capture of Perth
Captures Perth
Siege of Edinburgh
The Jacobite forces reach Edinburgh
Siege of Edinburgh
Brigadier Thomas Fowke had recently arrived at Edinburgh to take charge of the cavalry and some reinforcements.
Siege of Edinburgh
He decided that the two regiments of dragoons he took over were in no state to face the Jacobite army and ordered a further retreat, which was marked by unnecessary panics and alarms.
Siege of Edinburgh
Some of Prince Charles's army capture the city with little or no fighting, though Edinburgh Castle was still defended for the Government by Lieutenant General Joshua Guest.
Siege of Edinburgh
This also left Edinburgh unprotected.
Siege of Edinburgh
Brigadier Thomas Fowke had recently arrived at Edinburgh to take charge of the cavalry and some reinforcements.
Siege of Edinburgh
He decided that the two regiments of dragoons he took over were in no state to face the Jacobite army and ordered a further retreat, which was marked by unnecessary panics and alarms.
Siege of Edinburgh
Some of Prince Charles's army capture the city with little or no fighting, though Edinburgh Castle was still defended for the Government by Lieutenant General Joshua Guest.
Siege of Edinburgh
This also left Edinburgh unprotected.
Capture of Edinburgh
Proclaimed as James VIII but Edinburgh Castle is held by General Joshua Guest. Occupies Edinburgh & Holyrood Palace
Siege of Edinburgh
After negotiations had failed, the gates of the city are left open and the Jacobites enter, Charles is met by a cheering crowd of 20,000, however, Edinburgh Castle holds out against his forces
Succession
Proclaims himself James VIII
Succession
King James VIII is proclaimed as king of Scotland, and Charles as his Regent
Battle of Prestonpans
Defeated by Charles Edward Stuart during the Jacobite Rebellion
Battle of Prestonpans
Defeats General Copes dragoons
Battle of Prestonpans
The first significant conflict in the Jacobite rising of 1745. The Jacobite army loyal to James Francis Edward Stuart and led by his son Charles Edward Stuart defeated the Government army loyal to the Hanoverian George II led by Sir John Cope
Battle of Prestonpans
The Battle of Prestonpans sees the rout of John Copes (commander of the British Army in Scotland) forces by the Jacobites in a Battle that lasted no longer than fifteen minutes
Battle of Prestonpans
The news of this Jacobite victory reaches London bringing with it shockwaves, Charles Yorke is amazed that Charles, despite landing almost alone in a remote corner of Scotland, could have accomplished so much in so short a space of time
Battle of Soor
Frederick II the Great defeats Charles of Lorraines Austrian Army
Battle of Soor
Frederick II the Great defeats Charles of Lorraines Austrian Army
Prussian Units Form For Battle
Prussian infantry and cavalry formed fighting lines in response to the Austrian deployment.
Battle Spreads Beyond Camp
The fighting expanded around the heights overlooking the Prussian encampment.
Prussian Forces Hold Battlefield
Frederick II retained the field after the Austrian withdrawal.
Prussians Win Battle of Soor
Frederick II defeated Charles of Lorraine near Soor on 30 September 1745.
Trial
Court Martialled after defeat at Prestonpans but later acquitted
Siege of Edinburgh
Against long odds, and aided by the early support of Donald Cameron of Lochiel, XIX chief of Clan Cameron, his party of ten raised an army which eventually numbered over 2,000 Scots as they marched to Glenfinnan and then to Edinburgh
Siege of Edinburgh
He mounted a campaign to take Scotland and England with an eye towards reclaiming what he considered to be his father's two kingdoms (Great Britain, formally united in 1707, and Ireland).
Siege of Edinburgh
With only 6,000 British troops left in England, and with the majority of those on the continent having been recently defeated, Charles Edward Stuart saw an opportunity to re-open the Jacobite Rising.
Siege of Glenfinnan
Against long odds, and aided by the early support of Donald Cameron of Lochiel, XIX chief of Clan Cameron, his party of ten raised an army which eventually numbered over 2,000 Scots as they marched to Glenfinnan and then to Edinburgh
Siege of Glenfinnan
He mounted a campaign to take Scotland and England with an eye towards reclaiming what he considered to be his father's two kingdoms (Great Britain, formally united in 1707, and Ireland).
Siege of Glenfinnan
With only 6,000 British troops left in England, and with the majority of those on the continent having been recently defeated, Charles Edward Stuart saw an opportunity to re-open the Jacobite Rising.
October 17454 historical events
Invasion of Great Britain
The French commissioned four privateers to give the Jacobites pounds 5,000 in gold, 2,500 muskets, six light field pieces, and twelve French artillerymen under the supervision of James Grant, a Franco-Scottish lieutenant-colonel, these arrive at Montrose and Peterhead between 9 and 19 October"
Invasion of Great Britain
The French commissioned four privateers to give the Jacobites pounds 5,000 in gold, 2,500 muskets, six light field pieces, and twelve French artillerymen under the supervision of James Grant, a Franco-Scottish lieutenant-colonel, these arrive at Montrose and Peterhead between 9 and 19 October"
Rule of Scotland
Charles issues a proclamation in response to King George's summoning of Parliament, in which he forbade any of Jamess Scottish subjects from attending Charles unlawful "assembly", if they ignored this proclamation they would be "proceeded against as Traitors and Rebels to their King and Country...the pretended Union of these Kingdoms being now at an End"
Battle of Prestonpans
After the Jacobite victory at Prestonpans Cumberland has returned to England
November 174511 historical events
Invasion of England
Against the advice of Lord Murray, Charles begins the march into England
Invasion of England
Charles, with an escort of Lochiels Camerons and the Hussars, enters England
Invasion of England
Charles persuaded his generals that English Jacobites would stage an uprising in support of his cause. He was convinced that France would launch an invasion of England as well. His army of around 5,000 invaded England on 8 November 1745. They advanced through Carlisle and Manchester to Derby and a position where they appeared to threaten London
Capture of Carlisle
Carlisle surrenders without a shot being fired
Siege of Carlisle
Carlisle is captured by the Jacobites
Battle of Hennersdorf
Frederick II the Great defeats Charles of Lorraines Austrian Army
Siege of Berlin
Frederick II the Great defeats Charles of Lorraines Austrian Army
Battle of Gorlitz
Frederick II the Great defeats Charles of Lorraines Austrian Army
Battle of Gorlitz
Frederick II the Great defeats Charles of Lorraines Austrian Army
Battle of Hennersdorf
Frederick II the Great defeats Charles of Lorraines Austrian Army
Siege of Berlin
Frederick II the Great defeats Charles of Lorraines Austrian Army
December 174529 historical events
Capture of Derby
Derby surrenders to the Jacobites
Invasion of England
Arrives at Derby but finds no English support
Invasion of England
Only 200 Englisman have joined the Jacobites since their march into England
Invasion of England
1500 soldiers which would leave the army unfit for further fighting, if they were defeated in that Battle then the militia would pick them off and a retreat to Scotland would be extremely difficult in such circumstances, Charles, after a long pause, spoke on preparations for the next days marching,
Invasion of England
A Council meeting was convened at Exeter House, Lord George Murray began by arguing for a retreat to Scotland, citing the three British armies in England: Cumberlands, Wades and an army supposedly north of London, if the Jacobites defeated Cumberlands forces, Murray argued, they would still lose between 1000 and
Invasion of England
Murray interrupted to question the wisdom of marching on, Charles appealed to other officers, who pronounced in favour of Murray, Charles criticised them for giving up guaranteed victory and a Stuart restoration, Murray replied that everyone was in favour of a Stuart restoration and were
Invasion of England
Murray interrupted to question the wisdom of marching on, Charles appealed to other officers, who pronounced in favour of Murray, Charles criticised them for giving up guaranteed victory and a Stuart restoration, Murray replied that everyone was in favour of a Stuart restoration and were prepared to die for it,
Invasion of England
but that all were certain to die if they proceeded
Invasion of England
prepared to die for it, but that all were certain to die if they proceeded
Invasion of England
1500 soldiers which would leave the army unfit for further fighting, if they were defeated in that Battle then the militia would pick them off and a retreat to Scotland would be extremely difficult in such circumstances, Charles, after a long pause, spoke on preparations for the next days marching,
Invasion of England
A Council meeting was convened at Exeter House, Lord George Murray began by arguing for a retreat to Scotland, citing the three British armies in England: Cumberlands, Wades and an army supposedly north of London, if the Jacobites defeated Cumberlands forces, Murray argued, they would still lose between 1000 and
Invasion of England
Murray interrupted to question the wisdom of marching on, Charles appealed to other officers, who pronounced in favour of Murray, Charles criticised them for giving up guaranteed victory and a Stuart restoration, Murray replied that everyone was in favour of a Stuart restoration and were
Invasion of England
Murray interrupted to question the wisdom of marching on, Charles appealed to other officers, who pronounced in favour of Murray, Charles criticised them for giving up guaranteed victory and a Stuart restoration, Murray replied that everyone was in favour of a Stuart restoration and were prepared to die for it,
Invasion of England
but that all were certain to die if they proceeded
Invasion of England
prepared to die for it, but that all were certain to die if they proceeded
Battle of Prestonpans
The Jacobite forces reach Perth on 4 September, where they are joined by two prominent Highland nobles, the 3rd Duke of Perth and Lord George Murray, who was appointed Lieutenant General
Invasion of England
The Jacobite general, Lord George Murray, and the Council of War insist on the invasion forces returning to join their growing force in Scotland. On 6 December 1745, they withdrew from England, with Charles Edward Stuart leaving command to Murray
Lieutenant General
The Jacobite forces reach Perth on 4 September, where they are joined by two prominent Highland nobles, the 3rd Duke of Perth and Lord George Murray, who was appointed Lieutenant General
Invasion of England
Surrounded by an English force of 30,000 Charles Edward retreats back into Scotland
Invasion of England
The Jacobite general, Lord George Murray, and the Council of War insist on the invasion forces returning to join their growing force in Scotland. On 6 December 1745, they withdrew from England, with Charles Edward Stuart leaving command to Murray
Retreat from Derby
The Jacobite army begins retreating from Derby after commanders decide that advancing on London is too dangerous.
Lieutenant General
Appointed Lieutenant General of the Jacobite Army
Battle of Penrith
A Jacobite rearguard victory over an English detatchment
Battle of Inverurie
A minor Jacobite victory
Treaty of Dresden
Ends Prussian involvement in the Bohemian War on favourable term
Peace
Prussia recognizes Francis, the Duke of Lorraine, as the Holy Roman Emperor. At the peace of Dresden Frederick is rewarded with the County of Glatz. At the peace of Dresden Frederick gains the Duchies of Upper & Lower Silesia
Rule of Glatz
At the peace of Dresden Frederick is rewarded with the County of Glatz
Rule of Silesia
At the peace of Dresden Frederick is rewarded with Upper & Lower Silesia
Treaty of Dresden
Ends Prussian involvement in the War of Austrian Succession on favourable term
Siege of Derby
The Prince's army advanced as far as Derby by December 1745 unimpeded. However, in Derby, the Council of Chiefs resolved at Exeter House to proceed no further, since they had been deliberately misled into believing that a major Hanoverian army stood between them and London
Independence of Afghanistan
Founder & 1st leader of Afghanistan when it becomes an independent Emirate
Succession
Succeeds as Emperor of Austria
Death of Maria Theresa
Death of Charles VII, his son gives up claims to the Empire & supports the Habsburgs
Succession
Maria Theresas husband succeeds as Emperor
Birth of Rowland Belasyse
Birth of Rowland Belasyse
Dock Entrance Design Accounts For Tides
The new basin's controlled access needed to accommodate the considerable tidal movement of the River Mersey. The change expanded options for the use of Liverpool dock facilities.
Admiral
Appointed Admiral of the White
Peerage
Created Duc de Broglie
Natural History of the Soul
La Mettrie publishes Natural History of the Soul, developing a materialist account of mental life.
Peerage
Appointed Marchal de Camp
Lieutenant General
Appointed Lieutenant General
Death of Charles VII
Death of Charles VII
Death of Frederick II the Great
Death of Charles VII, his son gives up claims to the Empire & supports the Habsburgs
Holy Roman Emperor
Prussia recognizes Francis, Duke of Lorraine, as Holy Roman Emperor
Rule of Glatz
Frederick is rewarded with the Duchy of Glatz
Rule of Silesia
Frederick is rewarded with the Duchies of Upper & Lower Silesia
Succession
Prussia recognizes Francis, Duke of Lorraine, as Holy Roman Emperor
Battle of Pictures Published
Hogarth produced The Battle of the Pictures, a satirical image associated with selling his art.
Marriage A La Mode Engravings
Hogarth issued prints of Marriage A la Mode, narrating the disastrous consequences of a fashionable marriage.
Birth of Henry Frederick
Birth of Henry Frederick, 5th child & 4th son of Frederick Louis & Augusta
Commander of Jacobite Army
Appointed Commander of the Jacobite Army. shares joint command
Tutor to Marquess of Annandale
Hume took a tutoring position with the Marquess of Annandale, an episode in his early professional life.
Aide-de-Campe
Appointed Aide-de-Camp to General Hawley
Brigadier General
Appointed Brigade-Major
Capture of London
Naval Commander at the capture of Louisburg
Invasion of Great Britain
As the leading British general of the day, Cumberland is chosen to put a decisive stop to Charles Edward Stuart, a direct descendent of James VII of Scotland and II of England (James VII/II the last Stuart king on the male line), in the Jacobite
Invasion of Great Britain
rise and join them however, after receiving only limited support such as the Manchester Regiment, the followers of Charles decide to withdraw to Scotland
Invasion of Great Britain
rising, the appointment is popular, and causes morale to soar amongst the public and troops loyal to King George, Recalled from Flanders, Cumberland proceedes with preparations for quelling the Stuart (Jacobite) uprising, the Jacobite army had advanced southwards into England, hoping that English Jacobites would
Commander of Jacobite Army
Appointed joint Commander of the Jacobite Army
Captain General
Cumberland is given the honorary title of Captain General of the British land forces and in Flanders becomes Commander in Chief of the allied British, Hanoverian, Austrian and Dutch troops
Commander in Chief
Cumberland is given the honorary title of Captain General of the British land forces and in Flanders becomes Commander in Chief of the allied British, Hanoverian, Austrian and Dutch troops
Succession
Succeeds as Tokugawa Shogun, 9th Shogun
Retirement
Retires & names Ieshige successor
Birth of Mikhail Ilarionovich Kutuzov
Birth of Mikhail Ilarionovich Kutuzov
Capture of Lancaster
Lancaster surrenders to the Jacobites
Invasion of Great Britain
Charles Edward Stuart, known as "Bonnie Prince Charlie" or the "Young Pretender", arrived in Scotland in 1745 to incite a rebellion of Stuart sympathizers against the House of Hanover
Siege of Derby
The Jacobite Army reaches as far south as Derby
Young Pretender
Charles Edward Stuart, known as "Bonnie Prince Charlie" or the "Young Pretender", arrived in Scotland in 1745 to incite a rebellion of Stuart sympathizers against the House of Hanover
Frederick Plans Silesian Counterstroke
Frederick II prepared to strike the Austrian and Saxon armies advancing into Silesia.
Allied Army Enters Silesia
Charles of Lorraine and Saxon allies marched toward Prussian positions during the 1745 campaign.
Prussian Scouts Follow Allied Movements
Frederick II relied on reconnaissance to track the advancing Austrian and Saxon troops.
Prussian Troops Assemble Secretly
Frederick II concentrated his army for an early attack near Striegau.
Frederick Orders Night Movement
The Prussian army moved before dawn to approach the enemy position on 4 June 1745.
Prussian Columns Advance At Dawn
Frederick II’s soldiers advanced toward the Austrian and Saxon formations in the early morning.
Saxon Wing Faces First Attack
Prussian troops initially struck the Saxon portion of the opposing army.
Saxon Formations Resist Prussians
Saxon troops fought against the Prussian advance before their position was broken.
Prussian Infantry Presses Saxons
Frederick II’s infantry attacked Saxon forces during the opening phase of the battle.
Saxon Resistance Begins To Collapse
Prussian pressure weakened the Saxon wing of the allied army.
Austrian Command Reacts To Attack
Charles of Lorraine had to reorganize his army as fighting expanded across the battlefield.
Prussian Units Turn Toward Austrians
After engaging the Saxons, Prussian formations pressed against Austrian troops.
Austrian Infantry Joins Main Fight
Austrian units entered the battle as the Prussian assault developed.
Cavalry Fighting Spreads Across Field
Mounted troops on both sides fought for control of the flanks and open ground.
Prussian Bayreuth Dragoons Attack
The Bayreuth Dragoons carried out a celebrated cavalry charge against the Austrian line.
Dragon Charge Captures Standards
The Bayreuth Dragoons seized numerous enemy colours during their attack at Hohenfriedberg.
Austrian Cavalry Suffers Setback
Prussian mounted attacks disrupted Austrian cavalry during the engagement.
Frederick Maintains Offensive Pressure
Frederick II continued attacks as the allied army struggled to regain cohesion.
Allied Line Begins Breaking
Austrian and Saxon formations lost their coordinated position under Prussian pressure.
Austrian Troops Start Withdrawal
Charles of Lorraine’s forces began leaving the battlefield as the defeat became apparent.
Saxon Allies Withdraw With Austrians
Saxon units withdrew with the Austrian army after the unsuccessful battle.
Prussian Army Wins Hohenfriedberg
Frederick II defeated the combined Austrian and Saxon force on 4 June 1745.
Prussians Capture Enemy Prisoners
Prussian troops took prisoners from the defeated allied army during and after the battle.
Allied Army Loses Equipment
The retreating Austrian and Saxon armies lost military equipment in the defeat.
Austrian Offensive Into Silesia Fails
Charles of Lorraine’s attempted advance into Silesia was checked by the defeat.
Prussian Morale Rises After Victory
Hohenfriedberg became an important success for Prussian troops during the 1745 campaign.
Austrian Command Withdraws Into Bohemia
Charles of Lorraine led surviving forces away from Silesia after the battle.
Silesian Campaign Continues After Victory
Although Frederick II won at Hohenfriedberg, the Second Silesian War continued.
Victory Enters Prussian Military Memory
The charge of the Bayreuth Dragoons became a lasting feature of accounts of the battle.
Prussians Camp Near Soor
Frederick II’s army occupied positions in Bohemia during the September 1745 campaign.
Austrian Command Plans Surprise
Charles of Lorraine sought to attack the Prussian army near Soor before it could deploy.
Austrian Forces Occupy Heights
Austrian troops moved onto elevated ground overlooking the Prussian position.
Austrian Artillery Takes Positions
Charles of Lorraine’s forces placed artillery on high ground above the Prussian camp.
Austrian March Conceals Approach
The Austrian army attempted to approach the Prussians without giving sufficient warning.
Prussians Discover Enemy Deployment
Frederick II’s troops realized that Austrian forces had occupied threatening positions nearby.
Frederick Responds To Surprise
Frederick II hurried to reorganize his army after the enemy’s unexpected approach.
Austrian Guns Open Fire
Austrian batteries fired from commanding ground as battle developed on 30 September 1745.
Prussians Advance Toward Heights
Frederick II ordered his troops to confront the Austrians on elevated ground.
Prussian Cavalry Attacks Enemy
Prussian mounted units attacked Austrian formations during the struggle for the heights.
Austrian Cavalry Counters Attack
Austrian horsemen contested the Prussian cavalry advance during the battle.
Prussian Infantry Climbs Slope
Prussian foot soldiers advanced uphill against Austrian positions near Soor.
Austrian Infantry Defends Heights
Charles of Lorraine’s infantry fought to retain its advantageous ground.
Prussian Fire Pressures Defenders
Prussian infantry fire contributed to forcing Austrian troops from contested positions.
Austrian Surprise Plan Unravels
The intended Austrian surprise attack failed to produce a decisive advantage.
Frederick Regains Tactical Initiative
Frederick II turned the unexpected encounter into a Prussian attack.
Austrian Forces Lose Key Ground
Prussian troops drove opposing formations from important parts of the battlefield.
Austrian Resistance Weakens
Charles of Lorraine’s army struggled to withstand continued Prussian attacks.
Austrian Troops Begin Withdrawal
The Austrian army retreated after failing to defeat Frederick II’s smaller force.
Prussian Army Suffers Losses
Frederick II’s victory came at a significant human cost to his troops.
Austrian Army Suffers Greater Losses
Charles of Lorraine’s defeated army suffered heavy casualties and losses of prisoners.
Austrian Artillery Is Lost
Austrian troops abandoned or lost artillery pieces during the defeat.
Frederick Assesses Victory Costs
Frederick II emerged victorious despite having fought against a larger Austrian army.
Prussian Position in Bohemia Stabilizes
The victory temporarily improved Frederick II’s military situation during the autumn campaign.
Austrian Offensive Falls Short
Charles of Lorraine failed to achieve the destruction of the Prussian army near Soor.
War Continues Into Winter
The battle did not end the Second Silesian War, which continued into December 1745.