Death of Francois Joseph Paul de Grasse
Death of Francois-Joseph De Grasse
Historical events in 1788
107 historical records
January 17885 historical events
Sydney
Sydney Cove named in honour of Townshend, the settlement becomes known as Sydney
Sydney
Founds Sydney, becomes Australia Day
Patriotic Fund Proposal
Olympe de Gouges proposed a voluntary patriotic fund as a way to address the monarchy's financial crisis.
Social Reform Proposals
Olympe de Gouges proposed workshops for unemployed people and support for impoverished women, children and older people.
February 17883 historical events
Birth of Karoly Kisfaludy
Birth of Karoly Kisfaludy
Society of Friends of the Blacks established
Brissot helped establish the Society of the Friends of the Blacks to campaign against the slave trade and slavery. The association gave abolitionist arguments a new organization within French political life.
Society of Friends of the Blacks
Brissot helped found the Society of the Friends of the Blacks to campaign against slavery and the slave trade.
May 17887 historical events
Committee of Thirty
The "Committee of Thirty", argue that ancient precedent is not sufficient, because "the people were sovereign". The "Committee of Thirty", a body of liberal Parisians, began to agitate against voting by estate, composed of the wealthy, argues for the Estates General to assume the voting mechanisms of the Dauphine
Committee of Thirty
The Committee of Thirty argued for voting by head and maintained that political sovereignty rested with the people.
Estates General
The "Committee of Thirty", argue that ancient precedent is not sufficient, because "the people were sovereign". The "Committee of Thirty", a body of liberal Parisians, began to agitate against voting by estate, composed of the wealthy, argues for the Estates General to assume the voting mechanisms of the Dauphine
Estates General
The Committee of Thirty pressed the Estates General to adopt voting arrangements that strengthened representation of the Third Estate.
Judicial Reform Crisis
Louis XVI's government imposed judicial reforms that reduced the powers of the parlements, deepening political resistance to royal authority.
Marriage
William Herschel marries the widow Mary Pitt (nee Baldwin) at St Laurence's Church
Battle of Ochakov
The Turks intend to seize the fortress of Kinburn. The Turks attempt to repulse Potemkins attack on Ochakov
June 17886 historical events
Battle of Ochakov
The Russians prevent a Turkish attack on Ochakov
Battle of Hogland
Fights at the Battle of Hogland
Battle of Liman
Commands the Russian Fleet & defeats a Turkish flotilla under Hasan el Ghasi
Battle of Ochakov
Ambushes the rereating Turks, the Turks lose 5 frigates & 3 ships of the line
Battle of Ochakov
The Turkish flagship is destroyed & Hassan Pasha is forced to retreat
Symphony No 39
Completes Symphony No 39 in E-flat major.
July 17882 historical events
Symphony No 40
Completes Symphony No 40 in G minor.
Assembly of Vizille
Barnave participated in the Dauphine political assembly at Vizille, which pressed for representative reform before the Estates General.
August 17889 historical events
Necker returns amid royal financial emergency
Necker's renewed prominence reflected public demands for a credible response to the treasury crisis. The consequences of estates general called after fiscal deadlock reached well beyond the palace and its neighbouring legislative chambers.
Necker confronts demand for credible fiscal reform
Necker's return to government coincided with mounting demands for national consent to taxation. The debate over king promises convocation of estates general demonstrated why electoral rules and parliamentary procedure mattered to constitutional reform.
Louis XVI announces national estates meeting
The crown promised to convene the Estates General in 1789 after other methods of obtaining financial reform failed. The estates general called after fiscal deadlock made Versailles a focal point in the struggle over royal and representative authority.
Louis XVI authorizes renewed representative meeting
The crown committed to assembling the three orders after earlier financial initiatives failed. The king promises convocation of estates general formed part of the transition from estate-based consultation toward claims of national sovereignty.
Brienne's ministry reaches fiscal impasse
The collapse of the government's reform strategy made representative consultation increasingly unavoidable. This development concerning estates general called after fiscal deadlock exposed the limits of the old regime's political arrangements.
Sieyes sees opening for national representation
The promised assembly made questions about the source of legitimate political authority urgent. The consequences of king promises convocation of estates general helped redefine the place of the three orders in French public life.
Estates General Convocation
Louis XVI announced that the Estates General would be convened in 1789 as the financial and political crisis worsened.
Triple Alliance
Agreed between Britain, Prussia & Holland against France, the Empire & Russia
Recall of Necker
Louis XVI recalled Jacques Necker to the finance ministry as public confidence in the royal government's financial management deteriorated.
September 17882 historical events
Siege of Choczim
Present at the successful siege of Choczim
Restoration of Paris Parlement
Louis XVI restored the Parlement of Paris after the failure of the crown's attempt to impose judicial restructuring.
October 17881 historical events
John Soane Appointed Bank Architect
John Soane is appointed architect to the Bank of England and begins a long programme of expansion and rebuilding at Threadneedle Street.
November 17884 historical events
Necker navigates representation pressure
Necker confronted popular demands to increase the commoners' voice without alienating privileged elites. This development concerning notables reconsider rules for estates general exposed the limits of the old regime's political arrangements.
King submits representation issues to notables
Louis XVI convened a second assembly to consider the composition of the coming Estates General. The notables reconsider rules for estates general made Versailles a focal point in the struggle over royal and representative authority.
Sieyes challenges the old constitutional categories
Sieyes's developing theory of the nation strengthened attacks on the political supremacy of privileged orders. The consequences of notables reconsider rules for estates general reached well beyond the palace and its neighbouring legislative chambers.
Second Assembly of Notables
Louis XVI convened a second Assembly of Notables to consider how the forthcoming Estates General should be constituted.
December 178810 historical events
Siege of Ochakov
Present at the successful siege of Ochakov
Necker endorses increased representation
Necker supported strengthening the numerical position of commoner deputies. The debate over third estate obtains double representation demonstrated why electoral rules and parliamentary procedure mattered to constitutional reform.
Necker supports expanded commoner representation
Necker was closely associated with proposals to broaden the representation of commoners. This development concerning crown doubles third estate representation exposed the limits of the old regime's political arrangements.
King doubles commoner seats
Louis XVI's council decided that the Third Estate would have twice as many representatives as either the nobility or clergy. The third estate obtains double representation formed part of the transition from estate-based consultation toward claims of national sovereignty.
King increases number of commoner deputies
The royal council agreed that the Third Estate should have twice the deputies of each privileged order. The crown doubles third estate representation made Versailles a focal point in the struggle over royal and representative authority.
Sieyes distinguishes votes from deputy numbers
Sieyes argued that double representation was insufficient if the estates continued to vote as separate corporate bodies. The consequences of third estate obtains double representation helped redefine the place of the three orders in French public life.
Sieyes argues numbers alone cannot secure representation
Sieyes's national-sovereignty argument exposed why the voting method mattered as much as deputy totals. The consequences of crown doubles third estate representation reached well beyond the palace and its neighbouring legislative chambers.
Double Representation of Third Estate
Louis XVI's council granted the Third Estate twice as many deputies as either privileged order for the forthcoming Estates General.
Estates General
The King leaves the discussion of the weight of each vote to the Estates General itself
Estates General
The King leaves the discussion of the weight of each vote to the Estates General itself.
Bishop
Appointed Bishop of Autun, a bishopric that is something of a family possession
Sieyes debates nation against privilege
Sieyes's arguments questioned the legitimacy of treating the common population as a subordinate order. The consequences of committee of thirty debates electoral reform helped redefine the place of the three orders in French public life.
Argument for Effective National Representation
In his writings on representation, Sieyes distinguished numerical concessions to the Third Estate from the more consequential question of voting together by head.
Challenge to Hereditary Privileges
Sieyes developed an attack on inherited exemptions, reasoning that privileges detached from public service prevented a common legal order from emerging.
Abolitionist pamphleteering gains momentum
Brissot used political writing to argue that the rights of enslaved people merited public attention. His antislavery campaigning predated the opening of the Estates-General.
Transatlantic antislavery correspondence
Brissot maintained contacts with reformers interested in slavery and colonial commerce on both sides of the Atlantic. Such exchanges helped connect French abolitionism with wider Enlightenment networks.
Duport joins elite constitutional reform circle
Duport belonged to the liberal network pressing for broader representation and changes to old political arrangements. The committee of thirty debates electoral reform formed part of the transition from estate-based consultation toward claims of national sovereignty.
Lafayette encourages changes to estate system
Lafayette participated in the reformist politics that helped make the Estates General a vehicle for constitutional hopes. The debate over committee of thirty debates electoral reform demonstrated why electoral rules and parliamentary procedure mattered to constitutional reform.
Constitution of France
Publication of "Quest-ce que le tiers Etat?", "What is the 3rd Estate?", demands the 3rd Estate in Government
Essai sur les Privilges
Publication of "Vues sur les Moyens dExecution". Publication of "Quest-ce que le tiers Etat?", "What is the 3rd Estate?", demands the 3rd Estate in Government. Publication of "Essai sur les Privilges"
Essai sur les Privilges
Sieyes published "Vues sur les Moyens dExecution" and "Essai sur les Privilges" while developing his programme of political reform.
Execution
Publication of "Vues sur les Moyens dExecution"
Quest-ce que le tiers Etat?", "What is the 3rd Estate?", demands the 3rd Estate in Government
Publication of "Vues sur les Moyens dExecution". Publication of "Quest-ce que le tiers Etat?", "What is the 3rd Estate?", demands the 3rd Estate in Government. Publication of "Essai sur les Privilges"
Quest-ce que le tiers Etat?
Publication of "Vues sur les Moyens dExecution". Publication of "Quest-ce que le tiers Etat?", "What is the 3rd Estate?", demands the 3rd Estate in Government. Publication of "Essai sur les Privilges"
Third Estate
Publication of "Quest-ce que le tiers Etat?", "What is the 3rd Estate?", demands the 3rd Estate in Government
Vues sur les Moyens dExecution
Publication of "Vues sur les Moyens dExecution". Publication of "Quest-ce que le tiers Etat?", "What is the 3rd Estate?", demands the 3rd Estate in Government. Publication of "Essai sur les Privilges"
Vues sur les Moyens dExecution
Sieyes published "Vues sur les Moyens dExecution", outlining means available to future national representatives.
What is the 3rd Estate?
Publication of "Vues sur les Moyens dExecution". Publication of "Quest-ce que le tiers Etat?", "What is the 3rd Estate?", demands the 3rd Estate in Government. Publication of "Essai sur les Privilges"
Election
Elected as the last, 20th, of the Deputies of Paris to the States General
Committee of Thirty
The Committee of Thirty argued for voting by head and maintained that political sovereignty rested with the people.
Estates General
The Committee of Thirty pressed the Estates General to adopt voting arrangements that strengthened representation of the Third Estate.
Birth of Arthur Schopenhauer
Arthur Schopenhauer is born in Danzig.
Begins Analytical Review Contributions
Wollstonecraft began writing literary reviews for the Analytical Review, assessing contemporary books and ideas.
Mary a Fiction Published
Wollstonecraft published Mary a Fiction, a novel exploring emotional independence and the constraints on women.
Original Stories from Real Life
Wollstonecraft published Original Stories from Real Life, a didactic book written for young readers.
Translates Neckers Religious Opinions
Wollstonecraft translated Jacques Necker's Of the Importance of Religious Opinions into English.
All Religions Are One Composed
Blake composed the aphoristic work All Religions Are One as part of his early experiments in illuminated writing.
There Is No Natural Religion
Blake created There Is No Natural Religion, a series of philosophical propositions on perception and imagination.
Pity for Poor Africans Written
Cowper wrote Pity for Poor Africans, a poem challenging indifference to the slave trade.
Sweet Meat Has Sour Sauce
Cowper composed Sweet Meat Has Sour Sauce, using satirical verse against the slave trade.
Writes Antislavery Verse
Cowper contributed poems to British antislavery debate, using verse to criticize human bondage.
Slavery
Support for slave trade abolition results in the passage of the 1788 Bill brought by Sir William Dolben to improve the conditions for slaves by limiting the capacity of slave-carrying ships which crossed the Atlantic
Birth of Robert Peel
Birth of Robert Peel
Defense of Indian Rights
During the Hastings impeachment, Burke argued that imperial power was subject to universal moral obligations.
Opening Speech at Hastings Impeachment
Burke opened the impeachment proceedings against Warren Hastings with a wide ranging denunciation of abuses of power in India.
Iron Bridge Design Publicity
Paine promoted his iron bridge project in Britain, presenting engineering innovation alongside his political interests.
Slave Trade Evidence
Clarkson gathers evidence in Bristol against the slave trade.
Health of George IV
Suffers 1st bout of insanity
Soho Mint
Boulton establishes the steam-powered Soho Mint for mechanised coin production.
Linnean Society
Founds the Linnean Society which specializes in botany & zoology
Birth of FitzRoy Somerset
Birth of FitzRoy Somerset, 1st Baron Raglan, eighth and youngest son of Henry Somerset, 5th Duke of Beaufort
Aide-de-Campe
Appointed Aide-de-Camp to the Viceroy
Rear Admiral
Appointed Rear Admiral
Blinding by Ghulam Qadir
Shah Alam II is blinded by Ghulam Qadir during the Rohilla chief's violent occupation of the Mughal palace at Delhi.
First Gurkha Invasion
Nepalese forces invade Tibet after disputes concerning trade and currency.
Alliance Agreement
A Swedish & Turkish alliance is formed against Russia
Alliance Swedish and Turkish alliance is
A Swedish & Turkish alliance is formed against Russia
Invasion of Russia
Sweden invades 150 miles away from Saint Petersburg
Capture of Ochakov
Captures Ochakov at the mouth of the Danube
Massacre
Orders the massacre of all of the Turkish inhabitants in Ochakov
Government
Charles IV leaves the Government in the hands of his wife & her lover, Manuel de Godoy
Succession
Charles IV leaves the Government in the hands of his wife & her lover, Manuel de Godoy
Succession
Rules Spain with Charles IVs Queen, de Godoys lover
Succession
Succeeds as King of Spain
Constitution of USA
New Hampshire becomes the 9th State to ratify the Constitution
Constitution of USA
Writes over a third of the Federalist Papers, still the most influential commentary on the Constitution
Federalist Papers
Writes over a third of the Federalist Papers, still the most influential commentary on the Constitution. Madison joins Alexander Hamilton and John Jay to write the The Federalist Papers
Trial
Condemned to death by the Massachusetts Supreme Court but later given a pardon