1797 in History

Loses his right arm after being wounded at Tenerife.

The armistice of Judenbourg is concluded after the Battle of Tagliamento

During the Fructidor coup, forces supporting Barras arrested leading royalist deputies and Director Barthelemy.

An attacker shot Sieyes in the wrist during an assassination attempt, but he survived the attack.

Leads boat attacks during operations against Cadiz.

Pitt authorises suspension of Bank of England gold payments during wartime financial pressure.

Pitt orders the Bank of England to suspend gold payments after a wartime run on reserves.

Mantua capitulated to Napoleon's forces, completing a decisive phase of the Italian campaign against Austria.

Wurmser surrenders his Army of Italy & Mantua to Bonaparte

Wurmser surrenders his Army of Italy & Mantua to Bonaparte

Creates the Cisalpine Republic

Removed from the Committee of Public Safety

The Congress of Rastadt opened as France pursued a wider settlement after Campo Formio, with Napoleon associated with the negotiations.

Executed for advocating the Constitution of 1793. Death of Francois Noel Babeuf, executed for advocating the Constitution of 1793

Carries through the coup of 18 Fructidor, putting into place the Directory

Royalist movements are banished & many deputies move to Cayenne

Supports the Coup of 18th Fructidor

Barras backed the coup of 18 Fructidor and used troops under Augereau to remove royalist opponents from political power.

Removed from the Committee of Public Safety

Jourdan was elected to the Council of Five Hundred for Haute-Vienne after returning to political life.

Napoleon was elected to the Institut de France in the class of physical and mathematical sciences.

After the Fructidor coup, Barras helped end the peace negotiations with Britain that had been taking place at Lille.

Carnot escaped arrest during the Fructidor coup and went into hiding before leaving France.

Executed for advocating the Constitution of 1793

Carnot reached Switzerland after escaping the Fructidor proscription and continued living outside France.

Massena was appointed commander of the First Division during the reorganisation of the Army of Italy.

Talleyrand issued diplomatic arguments defending the coup of Fructidor after the Directory defeated its royalist opponents.

After the coup of Fructidor, Tallien attempted to moderate the treatment of some politicians targeted by the victorious Directory.

After the Fructidor coup, Sieyes helped draft the decree that proscribed dozens of deputies associated with the defeated opposition.

Hoche crosses the River Rhine

After Fructidor, Carnot was stripped of his Directorial office, legislative status and place in the Institut de France.

Talleyrand became Minister of Foreign Relations with support from Barras, despite opposition from Carnot and Barthelemy.

Carnot opposed plans for an anti-royalist coup by fellow Directors as conflict intensified between the executive and elected councils.

Is invested as a Knight of the Order of the Bath.

Russia, Prussia and Austria sign an act that terminates the Lithuanian-Polish state

As foreign minister, Talleyrand promoted peace while seeking to strengthen French commercial and strategic influence.

Talleyrand cultivated Bonaparte after the Italian victories and used his influence inside the Directory to support the general's political standing.

Napoleon agreed preliminary peace terms with Austria at Leoben after advancing toward the Habsburg heartlands.

Sieyes became president of the Council of Five Hundred for a one-month term.

Is promoted rear admiral after Cape St Vincent.

The coup of 18 Fructidor included Carnot in the proscription because he had opposed the action taken by Barras and allied Directors.

Mantua and Wurmser's army fall to Bonaparte, strengthening French control in northern Italy.

Napoleon returned to Paris after the Italian campaign, receiving public attention for his military victories and diplomatic achievements.

Barras confronted a legislature strengthened by royalist electoral gains and increasingly feared a reversal of the republican settlement.

Under the Treaty of Leoben Austria cedes The Netherlands to France

Russia, Prussia and Austria sign an act that terminates the Lithuanian-Polish state

Under the Treaty of Campo Formio Venice is awarded to Austria

Leads an unsuccessful attack on Santa Cruz de Tenerife.

Napoleon sent General Augereau to support the Directory during the anti-royalist coup of 18 Fructidor.

La Revelliere-Lepeaux helped drive the anti-royalist coup of 18 Fructidor after electoral gains threatened the republican Directory.

Sieyes supported the victorious anti-royalist side during the coup of 18 Fructidor.

Wurmser surrenders his Army of Italy & Mantua to Bonaparte

Replaces the Treaty of Leoben, Venice is awarded to Austria

Austria receives Venice, Dalmatia & Istria

Austria recognizes the Cisalpine Republic & cedes the left bank of the Rhine to France

France gains Belgian provinces

Napoleon concluded the Treaty of Campo Formio with Austria, ending the War of the First Coalition between France and Austria.

Under the Treaty of Leoben Austria gains some Venetian territory. Under the Treaty of Leoben Austria cedes The Netherlands to France

The Treaty of Loeben is concluded after the armistice of Judenbourg

Birth of Franz Peter Schubert

Birth of James Thomas Brudenell

Death of Francois Noel Babeuf, executed for advocating the Constitution of 1793

Attacked by the British fleet who captures their flagship in a Battle of attrition

Sails with 27 ships to Brest to join the French fleet to invade England. Intercepted by the English & forced to retreat to Cadiz

Commands the British fleet at Cape St Vincent and praises Nelson's initiative.

Boards enemy ships during the Battle of Cape St Vincent.

Massena fought at La Favorita after Rivoli as French forces completed the defeat of the Austrian relief effort around Mantua.

Massena's troops marched hard and fought at Rivoli, helping defeat the final Austrian attempt to relieve Mantua.

Napoleon defeated the Austrian relief army at Rivoli, breaking the final major attempt to relieve Mantua.

Fights at the Battle of Rivoli

Commands a cavalry brigade under General Ney

Defeats the Austrians under Archduke Charles