1812 in History

Leads the coalition against Napoleon & prevents Allies dealing separately with France

Franch agrees to restore the Illyrian Provinces to Austria. Austria agrees to provide an army for Napoleon

Prussia allows for the free passage of French troops against Russia

Prussia allows for the free passage of French troops against Russia

Appoints Mikhail Kutuzov commander-in-chief as pressure grows for unified leadership against Napoleon.

Arrests John Bellinigham for the assassination of Spencer Perceval

Shoots Prime Minister Spencer Perceval in the lobby of the House of Commons

Advises John Bellinigham to petition Spencer Perceval for compensation

Shot in the lobby of the Commons by John Bellinigham who blames him for his bankruptcy

Francisco de Miranda signed a capitulation with Spanish commander Domingo de Monteverde, ending organized resistance by the First Republic.

Captures Detroit

William Hull surrenders Detroit to the British General Sir Isaac Brock

Wellingtons Army enters Madrid, it is free from French occupation since Dec 1808

The French capture Swedish Pomerania

Captures Ciudad Rodrigo

The French capture Rugen

The Cortes passes a liberal constitution under a hereditary monarch. Ferdinand VII repudiates the liberal constitution

Promulgates a constitutional regulation asserting that no foreign decree has authority within Chile.

America declares war against Britain for violating neutral waters

Leaves direct field command during Napoleon's invasion after advisers urge him to coordinate the wider war effort.

Dismisses reformer Mikhail Speransky as conservative opposition and wartime political pressures intensify.

The US declares a 90 day embargo in preparation for war with Britain

The US declares a 90 day embargo in preparation for war with Britain

Appointed Foreign Minister under Lord Liverpool

Napoleon's Grande Armée invades the Russian Empire, beginning the central crisis of Alexander's reign.

Appointed Head of the Confederation, 2nd term

Prussia allows for the free passage of French troops against Russia

Leaves France for the Russian campaign

Watches leading regiments of the Grand Army cross the River Niemen at Kovno

Crosses the River Niemen with the "Grande Armee". Collects 675,000 men from the grand Duchy of Warsaw

530,000 vross the River Niemen to invade Russia

Reaches Wilna but the Russian Army has fled

Reaches Beschenkowitschi, the town has been deserted

The French engage some Russian regiments to force the Russians into battle

The French arrive at Wilna

The Russian Army has withdrawn without any trace

1,000 armed Russian convicts with fuses & bombs are burn Moscow to the ground

Enters Moscow with the "Grande Armee" which was reduced to a force of just 1,000 men

Napoleon retreats to Smolensk

Persued by forces of 3 to 1. Discovers an unmapped ford only 100 yards wide & 6 feet deep

Retreats over the Beresina River

Crosses the Beresina but only 25,000 of his Grande Armee remain

Napoleon's retreat from Russia is over, from an initial force of 525,000 men and 1,400 guns, Napoleon manages to salvage a little over 25,000 men and 200 cannons, the rest succumbed to General Winter

Deserts his army & retreats to Paris

The Regency Act removes the restrictions on the Regency

The Regency Act removes the restrictions on the Regency

Frame-breaking becomes a capital offence

America declares war against Britain for violating neutral waters

Created Duque de Ciudad de Rodrigo

Created Earl of Wellington

Created Duque de Ciudad de Rodrigo

Created Earl of Wellington

Created Marquess of Wellington

Created Marquess of Wellington

Becomes Prime Minister after Spencer Perceval is assassinated.

Appointed Prime Minister of Great Britain

Franch agrees to restore the Illyrian Provinces to Austria

Captures the Spanish city of Assaye, 250 miles south west of Madrid

After Lord Wellington laid siege to Cuidad Rodrigo in January 1812, he moved Badajoz

Wellington laid siege to the fortress of Badajoz form 17th March to 6th April

The defenders of Badajoz surrender, Wellington has lost 5,000 during the siege

Captures Badajoz but the British sustain 5,000 casualties

The Russians burn the Bridge at Borisov which cuts off Napoleon's retreat

Unsuccessful at the siege of Burgos

Wellington lays siege to Burgos

Rereats from Burgos

Bolivar is forced to surrender to the royalist Spanish General Juan Domingo Monteverde

Simon Bolivar is forced to surrender to the royalist Spanish General Monteverde

Enters Madrid

The French forces burn Moscow

Murat enters Moscow

Arrives 72 miles south east of Moscow

3 months after entering Russia the Grande Armee marches into the outskirts of Moscow

Enters Moscow but Moscovites are ordered to leave the city, 15,000 remain

Takes up residence in the Kremlin

Occupies part of Moscow & writes to Tsar Alexander in Saint Petersburg offering peace

Murat loses 2,500 troops when they are attacked by Kutuzov

After a 35 day stay & no negotiations with the Russians the Grande Armee leaves Moscow

The Russians burn Smolensk as Napoleon persues them across Poland & Russia

The Russians set fire to Smolensk fearing the French might cut off their retreat

Suchet captues Valencia

The Treaty of Bucharest ends war with the Ottoman Empire and transfers Bessarabia to Russia.

Tried & hanged for the murder of Spencer Perceval

Tries John Bellingham for the murder of Spencer Perceval

Birth of John Charles Molteno

Death of Isaac Brock, killed during the Battle of Queenston

Death of Spencer Perceval, assassinated

Russian attack on the French while they are crossing the Beresina River. Partial Rusian victory after the failed attempt by the French to capture Moscow

Rusian victory after failed attempt by the French to capture Moscow, 36,000 are killed

Commands the Russian centre at Borodino

The Russians are defeated but manage to retreat to Moscow

Murat fights at the Battle of Borodino

Napoleon loses 30,000 to the Russian 44,000. Napoleon Loses 12 generals as the Russians retreat intact & burn Moscow. Napoleon just manages to occupy Moscow. Napoleon I is just able to continue his advance on Moscow atter losing 28,000. Napoleon I advances as far as Borodino on the River Koloc 70 miles west of Moscow

With 80,000 men defeats an Allied Army under Schwarzenburg of 200,000 men

Attacks Napoleon at St Cyr with the Emperors of Russia & Austria but is repulsed

Captured in battle & loses 17,000 men to the Russians & Prussians

Murat fights at the Battle of Ostrovno

French victory but delays their advance

Killed during the battle. Defeats Van Rensselaer during an American invasion of Canada

Wellingtons Allied Army enters Salamanca unopposed

Wellington defeats a French force of 40,000 under Marmont, opening the way to Madrid

Murat fights at the Battle of Smolensk

The Russians set fire to Smolensk fearing the French might cut off their retreat. Leads a Russian Army of 120,000 to stop the French advance but forced back to Smolensk