Head of Confederation
Appointed Head of the Confederation, 2nd term
Historical events in 1813
197 historical records
January 18138 historical events
Alliance Napoleon I and Murat
Murat deserts Napoleon for the Allies
Alliance Murat and the Allies
Murat deserts Napoleon for the Allies
Birth of Henry Bessemer
Birth of Henry Bessemer
Birth of John Fremont
Birth of John Fremont
Concordat
Pius VII signs a concordat with Napoleon
Concordat
Pius VII signs a concordat with Napoleon
Siege of Cadiz
Wellington marches in triumph through Cadiz
February 18131 historical events
Treaty of Kalisch
Russia and Prussia conclude the Treaty of Kalisch, creating an alliance against Napoleon.
March 18134 historical events
Award
Awarded the Order of the Garter
Award
Awarded the Order of the Garter
Siege of Torgau
1st day of the siege of Torgau
Declaration of War
Prussia declares war on France
April 18131 historical events
Battle of Mockern
Fights at the Battle of Mockern
May 181319 historical events
Battle of Leipzig
The Confederation dissolves after Napoleon's defeat at Leipzig. Reinforcements fail to arrive & the Saxons change sides. Napoleon flees into the city having lost 60,000 men
Siege of Halle
Storms Halle
Battle of Lützen
Alexander accompanies the allied campaign as Napoleon defeats Russian and Prussian forces at Lützen.
Siege of Torgau
The fall of Torgau
Capture of Madrid
Forces Napoleon's forces to the Ebro River where they are defeated at Vittorio. Captures Madrid
Battle of Bautzen
Helps Napoleon defeat a combinec force of Prussians & Russians
Battle of Bautzen
Helps Napoleon defeat a combinec force of Prussians & Russians
Battle of Bautzen
Wishes to inflict a defeat on Prussia for deserting his cause. Follows Napoleon's capture of Dresden
Battle of Lutzen
Wittgenstein is allowed to retreat because of Neys late attack. The Russians & Prussians are driven from the east bank of the Spree. The French lose 25,000 to the Allies 11,000. Napoleon's Army of 110,000 defeat the Allied Army of 73,000. Napoleon breaks through Wittgensteins centre. A technical victory because Wittgenstein retreats into Silesia
Battle of Bautzen
Wittgenstein is allowed to retreat because of Neys late attack. The Russians & Prussians are driven from the east bank of the Spree
Battle of Bautzen
Leads the Prussian troops under Russian command during the War of Liberation
Battle of Lutzen
Leads the Prussian troops under Russian command during the War of Liberation
Battle of Bautzen
Russian and Prussian armies fight Napoleon at Bautzen before withdrawing in good order.
Birth of Richard Wagner
Birth of Richard Wagner
Siege of Salamanca
Triumphantly enters Salamanca
Battle of Vitoria
Arrives at Miranda do Douro in an effort to outflank the French
Siege of Hamburg
1st day of the siege of Hamburg
Battle of Lastaguanes
Defeats a Spanish force
Invasion of Venezuela
Raises a volunteer army & invades Venezuela
June 181314 historical events
Armistice
The armistice of Pleischwitz
Battle of Vitoria
Wellingtons 2 main Armies unite at Touro, north of the River Douro
Battle of Luckau
Defeats Oudinot & Grossbeeren at Luckau
Evacuation
The French evacuate Madrid
Battle of Vittorio
Joseph blows up Burgos while retreating from Wellingtons forces
Battle of Vittorio
Establishes a 3 line defensive formation of 57,000 behind the River Zadorra
Battle of Vitoria
The French are defeated by Wellington & Joseph is forced to retreat over the Pyrenees. The decisive victory by Wellington in the Peninsular War
Battle of Vittorio
Wellington forces the French across the Pyrenees. Manages to get 55,000 French back into France over the Pyrenees
Battle of Vittorio
The brother of Wellingtons former wife is killed in battle
Field Marshal
Appointed Field Marshal
Battle of Vitoria
Wellingtons 78,000 army defeat 57,000 French, 5,000 French & 6,0000 Allied casualties. Decisive victory of the Peninsular war, Joseph Bonaparte retreats to France
Battle of Vittorio
Forces the French back across the Pyrenees. Defeats King Joseph. Calls off the battle 5 miles up the Pamplona road. Attempts to stop the French retreating to France
Siege of Pamplona
1st day of the siege of Pamplona
Siege of San Sebastian
1st day of the siege of San Sebastian
July 18135 historical events
Capture of Caracas
Captures Caracas from the Spanish, gains the title of "el Libertador"
Siege of San Sebastian
1st day of Wellingtons siege of San Sebastian
Siege of San Sebastian
Failure to storm San Sebastian
Siege of San Sebastian
Makes an assault on San Sebastian
Battle of Sorauren
Defeats Soult
August 181310 historical events
Admirable Campaign
Simon Bolivar entered Caracas after the Admirable Campaign and restored republican government.
Declaration of War
Austria declares war on France
Battle of Gross Beeren
Defeats Oudinot at Gross Beeren & Klein Beeren halting the French march on Berlin
Battle of Klein Beeren
Defeats Oudinot at Gross Beeren & Klein Beeren halting the French march on Berlin
Siege of Berlin
Defeats Oudinot at Gross Beeren & Klein Beeren halting the French march on Berlin
Evacuation
Suchet evacuates Tarragona
Battle of Dresden
The French lose 10,000 & the Allies 38,000. French victory against the Prussians & Russians
Battle of Dresden
Napoleon wins at Dresden against the allied armies, including Russian forces, during the 1813 campaign.
Siege of San Sebastian
San Sebastian falls
Siege of San Sebastian
San Sebastian falls
September 18137 historical events
Invasion of Silesia
Advances into Silesia to engage Blucher but Blucher retreats
Battle of Dennewitz
Attempts to capture Berlin but is defeated
Battle of Dennewitz
Defeats Ney at Dennewitz during his march on Berlin. Bulow comes to Bernadottes relief & drives Ney back. Bulow assumes overall Allied command of the battle from Bernadotte. Bavaria withdraws from the war & German states waver in their support of the French
Siege of Berlin
Defeats Ney at Dennewitz during his march on Berlin
Battle of Lake Champla
Marches on New York from Montreal but is turned back at Lake Champlan
Siege of New York
Marches on New York from Montreal but is turned back at Lake Champlan
Siege of Berlin
Bavaria withdraws from the war & German states waver in their support of the French
October 181364 historical events
Battle of Vilcapugio
Belgrano's Army of the North is defeated by royalist forces in Upper Peru
Siege of Torgau
1st day of the 2nd siege of Torgau
Invasion of France
Crosses into France
Battle of Wartenberg
Blucher defeats Bertrand
Treaty of Ried
Bavaria leaves the Rhine Confederation & joins the Alliance against France
Consulate
Becomes one of Paraguay's two consuls under the new republican system.
Consulate
Shares consular authority before becoming dominant ruler.
Territorial Settlement in the Caucasus
The Treaty of Gulistan confirms major Russian territorial gains in the South Caucasus after war with Persia.
Treaty of Gulistan
The Treaty of Gulistan ends the Russo-Persian War and confirms extensive Russian gains in the South Caucasus.
Coalition Western Operations
Commands Austrian forces operating west of Leipzig against Napoleon's communications.
Coalition Supreme Command
Commands the main Coalition army at the opening of the Battle of Leipzig.
Battle of Leipzig
In total, the French have around 190,000 soldiers and the Allies almost 330,000 with both sides having significant artillery, there were over two and a half thousand pieces of ordnance on the field.
Battle of Leipzig
The Battle beginswith an attack by 78,000 Allied troops from the south and 54,000 from the north, with Napoleon using the bulk of his army in the south.
Battle of Leipzig
The allied offensives achieve little and are soon forced back, but Napoleon's outnumbered forces are unable to break the allied lines, resulting in a hard fought stalemate.
French Counterattack
Orders a powerful counterattack after the first Coalition assaults fail to break his centre.
Napoleon Headquarters at Leipzig
Directs French operations from positions near Leipzig as the Coalition offensive begins.
Imperial Guard Artillery
Directs artillery of the Imperial Guard during the Battle of Leipzig.
Guard Cavalry
Commands Imperial Guard cavalry during the battle.
French IV Corps
Commands IV Corps and helps secure Napoleon's western line of retreat.
Mockern Defence
Commands French VI Corps during heavy fighting at Mockern.
French II Corps
Commands II Corps in the main French battle line south of Leipzig.
French XI Corps
Commands XI Corps during Napoleon's operations south and east of Leipzig.
French Cavalry Command
Directs major French cavalry operations during the first day's fighting.
Northern French Command
Commands French forces facing the Coalition north of Leipzig.
Battle of Leipzig
To the North, the unexpected arrival of Bluchers Army of Silesia ties down French reserves badly needed for the French main effort. Leads the Prussian forces at the Battle of Leipzig
Mockern Fighting
Directs the Army of Silesia in fierce fighting north of Leipzig.
Marshal of France
Is made a Marshal of France during the Battle of Leipzig.
Army of Silesia Corps
Commands a Russian corps in Blucher's Army of Silesia during the battle.
Northern Coalition Attack
Commands Russian corps fighting with Blucher's Army of Silesia north of Leipzig.
Coalition Southern Army
Commands major Russian forces in the Allied attacks south of Leipzig.
Battle of Leipzig
Russia joins Prussia, Austria and other allies in defeating Napoleon at the Battle of Leipzig.
Coalition Headquarters
Joins senior Allied leaders directing the campaign against Napoleon at Leipzig.
Leipzig Armistice Offer
Attempts diplomatic contact during the pause between the main battle days.
Final Coalition Assault
Coordinates the large Coalition assault that forces Napoleon's army back toward Leipzig.
Battle of Leipzig
Blucher gains ground in the North but is stopped short of blocking the French retreat route, a number of Saxon and Wurttemberger units defect to the Coalition
Battle of Leipzig
The 6th Coalition is arranged with Field Marshal Blucher (Prussian) & Crown Prince Carl Johan of Sweden to the north, Generals Barclay De Tolly, Bennigsen (Russian) & Prince von Hessen-Homburg (Austrian) to the south & Gyulay (Austrian) to the north
Battle of Leipzig
The Allies launch a huge assault from all sides, in over nine hours of fighting, in which both sides suffer heavy casualties, the French troops prevent a breakthrough but are slowly forced back towards Leipzig
Declaration of War
Bavaria joins the Allies
Declaration of War
Saxony joins the Allies
Withdrawal Decision
Decides to withdraw after Coalition reinforcements make continued defence increasingly untenable.
French III Corps
Commands III Corps during the final major fighting around Leipzig.
French IX Corps
Commands IX Corps as Napoleon reinforces threatened positions around Leipzig.
Paunsdorf Fighting
Leads Prussian troops attacking French positions around Paunsdorf.
Saxon Defection Context
Represents the wider shift of Saxon military allegiance away from Napoleon during the 1813 campaign.
Saxon Position at Leipzig
Remains in Leipzig as Saxon troops begin defecting from Napoleon's army to the Coalition.
Battle of Leipzig
The 6th Coalition is arranged with Field Marshal Blucher (Prussian) & Crown Prince Carl Johan of Sweden to the north, Generals Barclay De Tolly, Bennigsen (Russian) & Prince von Hessen-Homburg (Austrian) to the south & Gyulay (Austrian) to the north
Arrival of Army of Poland
Brings additional Coalition forces into the battle during the renewed Allied assault.
Army of the North
Brings the Army of the North into the decisive phase of the Battle of Leipzig.
Paunsdorf Advance
Coordinates northern Coalition pressure as Allied troops advance toward Paunsdorf and Leipzig.
Battle of Leipzig
Helps defeat Napoleon
Battle of Nations Victory
Emerges as the senior Coalition commander after the decisive Allied victory at Leipzig.
Battle of Leipzig
During the fighting, 5,400 Saxons of Jean Reyniers VII Corps defect to the Allies, Napoleon sees that the battle is a lost cause and on the night of the 18th-19th he begins to withdraw the majority of his army across the river Elster
Battle of Leipzig
During the fighting, 5,400 Saxons of Jean Reyniers VII Corps defect to the Allies, Napoleon sees that the battle is a lost cause and on the night of the 18th-19th he begins to withdraw the majority of his army across the river Elster
Retreat from Leipzig
Withdraws westward while French rearguards defend routes through the city.
Battle of Leipzig
Commands Russian army on the right wing
Battle of Leipzig
Helps defeat the Napoleonic forces
Battle of Leipzig
French retreat is underway with most of the armys trains and cavalry & infantry corps cross the Lindeneau bridge & march to safety
Allied Entry into Leipzig
His Army of Silesia presses into Leipzig as French forces retreat.
Battle of Leipzig
Witnesses what he regards as the horror of war at Leipzig, "It haunts one night & day"
Death of Poniatowski
Drowns in the White Elster while attempting to escape during the French retreat.
Leipzig Rearguard
Commands rearguard forces covering Napoleon's withdrawal from Leipzig.
Allied Entry into Leipzig
Enters Leipzig after the French withdrawal and Coalition victory.
Battle of Hanau
Retreats from Leipzig & battles through an Austrian-Bavarian force
Battle of Leipzig
Napoleon arranges his army around Leipzig, but concentrates his force from Taucha through St”tteritz (where Napoleon placed his command), The Prussians advance from Wartenberg, the Austrians & Russians from Dresden & the Swedish force from the north. Defeated by the 4th Coalition
November 18137 historical events
Battle of Nivelle
Defeats Soult
Battle of Ayohuma
Royalists defeat Belgrano again, weakening patriot hopes in Upper Peru
Siege of Danzig
The French surrender the city of Danzig to Russians
Rule of Danzig
The French surrender the city of Danzig to Russians
Siege of Danzig
The French surrender the city of Danzig to Russians
Colonel
Appointed Colonel General of the Imperial Guard
Colonel
Appointed Colonel General of the Imperial Guard
December 18134 historical events
Battle of Araure
Bolivar defeats General Juan Domingo Monteverde
Battle of Araure
Bolivar defeats General Juan Domingo Monteverde
Battle of Nive
Defeats Soult
Invasion of France
The Allied forces under Blucher cross the Rhine
Succession
Created hereditary Prince of the Austrian Empire
Chief of Staff
Appointed sas the Chief of Staff. 1st term
Commander in Chief
Appointed Commander in Chief
Field Marshal
Appointed Field Marshal
Chief of Staff
Appointed Chief of Staff, 1st term
Commander in Chief
Appointed Commander in Chief
Field Marshal
Appointed Field Marshal
Alliance Helps and Russia
Helps form an alliance with Russia against France
Congress of Vienna
Presides over the Congress of Vienna
Freedom of Press
Supports early measures establishing freedom of the press during the Patria Vieja.
Birth of Soren Kierkegaard
Birth of Soren Kierkegaard
Hijaz Campaign
Sends Egyptian forces to restore Ottoman authority in the Hijaz.
Governor
Appointed Governor of Catalania, November
Siege of Berlin
Marshal Nicolas Oudinot fails to capture Berlin with his army of 120,000 and Napoleon is forced to withdraw westwards due to the threat to the north, crossing the Elbe in late September and organizing his forces around Leipzig
Siege of Tarragona
June, succesfully releives the siege of Tarragona
Siege of Berlin
Marshal Nicolas Oudinot fails to capture Berlin with his army of 120,000 and Napoleon is forced to withdraw westwards due to the threat to the north, crossing the Elbe in late September and organizing his forces around Leipzig
Wellingtons Victory
Composition of "Wellingtons Victory" in honour of the Battle of Vitoria
Doctorate from Jena
Schopenhauer receives his doctorate from the University of Jena for work on the principle of sufficient reason.
Lieutenant General
Appointed Lieutenant General
Commander in Chief
Leads the Prussian forces at the Battle of Leipzig. Appointed Commander in Chief of the Army of Silesia
Field Marshal
Appointed Field Marshal General
Lieutenant General
Appointed Lieutenant General
Alliance Maximilian I Joseph and Austria
Agrees an Alliance with Austria against France
Battle of Haynau
Leads the Prussian troops under Russian command during the War of Liberation
Battle of Katzbach
Defeats the Army of Macdonald
Battle of Mockern
Defeats the Army of Marmont
Battle of Mockern
Crosses the River Elbe
Commander in Chief
Appointed Commander in Chief of the Army of Silesia
Occupation
1st to enter Leipzig
Field Marshal
Appointed Field Marshal General
Nelson Monument
Construction begins on the Nelson Monument on Calton Hill.
Pride and Prejudice
Publication of "Pride & Prejudice"
Life of Nelson
Publishes a major biography reinforcing Nelson's legend.
Poet Laureate
Appointed Poet Laureate
Currency Reform
Campaigns in Birmingham for monetary reform after wartime economic distress.
Birth of Edward Cardwell
Birth of Edward Cardwell
Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences
Elected a foreign member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences
Wellingtons Victory
Composition of "Wellingtons Victory" in honour of the Battle of Vitoria
Birth of Giuseppe Verdi
Birth of Giuseppe Verdi
Mayor of Amsterdam
Begins serving as Mayor of Amsterdam during the 1813-1824 municipal term.
Mayor of Amsterdam
Begins serving as Mayor of Amsterdam during the 1813-1824 municipal term.
Mayor of Amsterdam
Begins serving as Mayor of Amsterdam during the 1813-1816 municipal term.
Mayor of Amsterdam
Begins serving as Mayor of Amsterdam during the 1813-1824 municipal term.
Mayoral Term
Concludes service as Mayor of Amsterdam after the 1811-1813 municipal term.
Death of Kutuzov
Death of Mikhail Ilarionovich Kutuzov
Coalition, 6th
Alexander becomes a leading figure in the coalition that ultimately drives Napoleon's forces back toward France.
Major General
Appointed Major General
Capture of Seringapatam
Cammands the USS Greenwich which captures an armed British whaler
Capture of Detroit
Harrison captures Detroit from the British
Battle of Thames
Wins the Battle of Thames over Tecumseh
Major General
Appointed Major General
Second Republic
The Second Republic was established under republican leadership after patriot forces regained Caracas.
Capture of Ocana
Captures Ocana from the Spanish