1815 in History

Abdicates for the 2nd & final time

Alexander uses the Holy Alliance to promote cooperation among Russia, Austria and Prussia after the Napoleonic Wars.

Russia, Austria and Prussia form the Holy Alliance, reflecting Alexander's religious vision for postwar European cooperation.

Captured at the Battle of Tolentino

Appointed Commander in Chief of the Allied army

Appointed Commander in Chief of the Allied army

Arrives as the British Plenipotentiary

Congress hears of Napoleon's escape from Elba

Congress outlaws Napoleon

Wellington leaves Vienna

Grants the Kingdom of Poland a constitution providing a parliament and limited civil guarantees.

The Government enacts grain tariffs intended to protect domestic agricultural prices.

Marshal Ney is shot

Escapes from Elba with his personal guard of 1,000

Lands in Cannes from Elba with 1,500 men & begins a march on Paris

A prisoner of war at the Island of St Helena where he stays until his death in 1821

Lives in Austria

Organizes the Federal League and promotes a federal programme for the peoples of the Rio de la Plata

Signs the Holy Alliance with Austria and Prussia, invoking Christian principles in relations between the monarchies.

Hears of the French invasion of Belgium

Crosses the Belgian border into France

Appointed Peer of France

Louis XVIII is restored to the French throne

France accepts Allied terms at St Cloud, clearing the way for occupation and the post-Napoleonic settlement.

Allied occupation of Paris confirms the collapse of Napoleon's final political and military position.

Russia joins the allied powers in imposing the second peace settlement on France after Waterloo.

Enters Algiers harbour & forces the release of American prisoners

Sails away from Algiers after receiving assurances that piracy will end

Defeats the British forces led by Pakenham, the Duke of Wellingtons brother-in-law

Attacks Jacksons base but 2,000 British troops & Pakenham are killed

The Allies enter Paris

The French Legislative Assemblies recognises Napoleon II as Emperor

The French Legislative Assemblies vote for the restoration of Louis XVIII

France surrenders by the Treaty of St Cloud

The Allies enter Paris

The US Senate unanimously approves the Treaty of Ghent

President James Madison exchanges ratification papers with a British diplomat in Washington

France surrenders by the Treaty of St Cloud

Established by the quadruple alliance, The Netherlands & Belgium are united

Birth of Horace Wells, discoverer of "laughing gas"

Birth of John Alexander Macdonald

Birth of Otto Furst von Bismarck

Birth of William Jener

Inconclusive Battle against Wellington & Blucher who still manage to join forces

Inflicts 2,000 British casualties & kills their commander during a British attack. Defeats the British forces led by Pakenham, the Duke of Wellingtons brother-in-law

Fought 2 weeks after the Treaty of Ghent had ended the war. Attacks Jacksons base but 2,000 British troops & Pakenham are killed

Prior to meeting Wellington at Waterloo. Inconclusive Battle against a Dutch-Belgian

Battle of Quatre Bras

Withdraws to Mont St Jean

Defeated by the Austrian Army while trying to capture the Italian throne. Captured at the Battle of Tolentino & executed

At 9PM Wellington & Blucher meet between La Belle-Alliance & Rossome

The Prussians lose 7,000 injured or killed. Aids Wellington to victory at Waterloo

Leads the Prussians against Napoleon's right

Napoleon's HQ is at Ferme du Caillou

During the morning of the battle reviews his troops at La Belle Alliance

The British lose close to 15,000 & the French 25,000 killed & wounded. The Allies have a force of 68,000 British, Belgians, Dutch & Germans under Wellington. Napoleon's "Hundred Days" rule is ended after defeat at Waterloo. Napoleon commands 72,000. Defeated by 66,000 British & Bluchers force of 45,000 against the French 71,000

Commands the Old Guard at Waterloo

Wellington & Blucher join up at La Belle Alliance after defeating Napoleon

The British lose close to 15,000 & the French 25,000 killed & wounded. The Allies have a force of 68,000 British, Belgians, Dutch & Germans under Wellington. Napoleon commands 72,000. Helps end Napoleon's "100 days" rule, Napoleon's final Battle. At 9PM Wellington & Blucher meet between La Belle-Alliance & Rossome