1839 in History

Takes the 1st photograph of the moon

Signs for Austria in the Great Power settlement guaranteeing the Belgian arrangements.

Prussia joins the international guarantee of Belgium's independence and perpetual neutrality.

Commits Britain to the international settlement guaranteeing Belgium as an independent and permanently neutral state.

Helps conclude the final settlement between Belgium, the Netherlands and the five Great Powers.

Accepts the territorial provisions defining the kingdom after separation from the Netherlands.

Signs the definitive separation treaty on behalf of Leopold I and the Kingdom of Belgium.

Accepts treaty provisions requiring Belgian and Dutch commissioners to mark the agreed frontier.

Difficult rock strata and heavy water ingress delay excavation, with less than half of the tunnel completed.

Velasco promulgates a constitution following the end of the Peru-Bolivian Confederation.

Publicly presents the daguerreotype photographic process.

Accepts financial provisions allocating part of the former United Kingdom of the Netherlands debt to Belgium.

Concludes the settlement that finally recognises the political separation of Belgium from the Netherlands.

Signs the definitive territorial separation treaty on behalf of the King of the Netherlands.

Accepts Britain's place among the five powers guaranteeing the Belgian settlement.

Signs for France in the international guarantee attached to the Belgian settlement.

Commits Britain to the Great Power guarantee of Belgium's independence and perpetual neutrality.

The final London settlement recognises Belgium as independent and perpetually neutral under the guarantee of the five Great Powers.

The official British position that their troops were merely supporting Shah Shujas small army in retaking what was once his throne was generally seen (at the time, as well as now) as pretext for incorporating Afghanistan into the British empire

By late March 1839, the British forces had reached Quetta, crossed the Bolan Pass and begun their march to Kabul

Kandahar is captured

Accepts the territorial settlement dividing Limburg between Belgium and the Netherlands.

Signs provisions dividing Limburg between Belgium and the Netherlands under the final settlement.

Accepts the partition of Luxembourg, with a substantial western part remaining within Belgium.

Accepts arrangements dividing Luxembourg and resolving its relationship with Belgium and the German Confederation.

Accepts the partition of Luxembourg incorporated into the final Belgian-Dutch settlement.

Maidenhead Railway Bridge opens to traffic and vindicates Brunel's unusually flat arch design.

Melbourne's government accepts Britain's role in guaranteeing Belgian independence and perpetual neutrality.

Accepts Belgium's obligation to remain an independent and perpetually neutral state.

Introduces a practical method producing detailed images on silvered plates.

Appointed President of Ecuador, 2nd term

Appointed President of Venezuela, 2nd term

Signs for Prussia in the Great Power treaty guaranteeing the Belgian settlement.

Receives final international recognition of Belgium as a separate kingdom under the London settlement.

British forces restore Shah Shuja to the throne during the First Anglo-Afghan War.

Sails with HMS Erebus and HMS Terror on the British Antarctic expedition that will explore the Ross Sea region

Signs for Russia in the international treaty guaranteeing Belgium's definitive settlement.

Receives treaty provisions governing free navigation of the Scheldt and joint supervision of its channel.

Accepts provisions protecting navigation on the Scheldt as part of the Belgian-Dutch settlement.

Supports treaty provisions regulating navigation and commerce on the Scheldt after Belgian independence.

Construction begins on Brunel's iron-hulled transatlantic steamship SS Great Britain.

Accepts mutual renunciation of claims to territories assigned to the Netherlands under the final settlement.

Represents Belgian interests during the final negotiations settling relations with the Netherlands.

Prussia joins the other Great Powers in guaranteeing the settlement that recognises Belgian independence and permanent neutrality.

His government signs the final international settlement recognising Belgium and guaranteeing its permanent neutrality.

Accepts the definitive settlement recognising Belgian independence, fixing borders and placing the kingdom under guaranteed permanent neutrality.

Signs the 1839 guarantee settlement for Britain as Foreign Secretary.

Helps complete the definitive arrangement based on the Twenty-Four Articles negotiated by the Great Powers.

Birth of Paul Cezanne

Receives another major victory over Ottoman forces at the Battle of Nezib.

Receives news of the victory that ends the Peru-Bolivian Confederation.

Santa Cruz is defeated by Chilean and Peruvian restorationist forces, ending the Confederation