1846 in History

Opens Albert Dock, a fireproof warehouse and dock complex on Liverpool's waterfront.

Kearny leads the Army of the West toward New Mexico and California

Commands a successful charge at Monterey winning a victory in the assault on Fort Teneria

Treaty supports American use of Panama as an Atlantic to Pacific transit corridor

Castro resists American occupation during the opening stage of the California campaign

Fremont cooperates with American naval commanders during the conquest of California

Treaty becomes an early diplomatic foundation for later United States canal ambitions

Treaty establishes a precedent for later United States involvement in Panama transit policy

Sloat raises the American flag at Monterey and occupies California's capital

Mexican forces surrender Monterrey to the United States after several days of fighting

Captures Saltillo

Taylor occupies Saltillo as American forces extend control in northern Mexico

Armijo withdraws before Kearny enters Santa Fe

Kearny occupies Santa Fe without major resistance and proclaims American authority in New Mexico

United States forces under Stephen W. Kearny occupy Santa Fe without major resistance

Captures Tampico

Edson's marine battalion participates in operations connected with the occupation of Tampico

Perry supports naval operations as American forces occupy Tampico

Treaty of peace amity navigation and commerce links United States trade policy to Panama transit

Declares the state indivisible & heritable by females

Declares Schleswig-Holstein indivisible from the rest of Denmark

The 3rd reading of the Corn Law Repeal Bill

The Corn Law Repeal Bill passes through Parliament

The Corn Law Repeal Bill is given the royal assent

Parliament repeals the Corn Laws and begins dismantling grain protection.

Paredes presides over Mexico as war with the United States begins

Polk signs proclamation announcing that a state of war exists with Mexico

Signs treaty guaranteeing United States transit rights across the Isthmus of Panama

United States and New Granada sign treaty guaranteeing transit across the isthmus

Observes Neptune near Le Verrier's predicted position.

Lassell discovers Triton, Neptune's largest moon, only seventeen days after Neptune itself is identified as a planet.

Elected Pope

Russell stays in office, the Conservatives are divided over protection

The Sylvain Van de Weyer Government ends in Brussels, concluding this period as head of the Belgian government.

The first South Devon section opens with conventional locomotives while the atmospheric equipment is still being installed.

Escapes from Ham to London

Treaty grants free transit over existing or future routes across the Isthmus of Panama

Treaty language covers routes that may later be constructed across Panama

Victoria asks Russell to govern but he is unable to form a cabinet, Peel returns

Polk signs the Independent Treasury Act restoring a federal treasury system separate from private banks

Polk administration treats the Panama route as a strategic interoceanic connection

United States obtains rights of transit across the Isthmus of Panama

The Corn Law Repeal Bill passes through Parliament

The corn import duty is fixed at one shilling a quarter from 1849 onwards

Polk administration secures treaty framework for United States transit across the Isthmus of Panama

Treaty is later interpreted as permitting United States protection of isthmian transit

Doniphan commands Missouri volunteers after Kearny's occupation of New Mexico

The Mormons leave Nauvoo City on the trail for Salt Lake City

United States agrees to guarantee the neutrality of the isthmian transit route

United States recognizes and guarantees New Granadan sovereignty over the Isthmus of Panama

Treaty creates reciprocal rights and obligations between the United States and New Granada over Panama transit

Combines a single-reed mouthpiece with a conical metal body.

Stockton assumes command of American naval operations on the Pacific coast

Polk directs formal notice ending joint occupation arrangements for Oregon

Oregon Treaty establishes the 49th Parallel boundary between British and American claims in the Pacific Northwest

Treaty strengthens United States access between Atlantic and Pacific routes

Mallarino Bidlack Treaty creates an early legal basis for future American canal policy in Panama

Treaty helps prepare the legal environment for later United States-backed railroad transit across Panama

United States guarantee becomes a key legal background to later Panama Canal diplomacy

Appointed Pope, formerly Cardinal Masatai-Ferretti

Independently calculates a possible planet disturbing Uranus's orbit.

Predicts Neptune's position from gravitational perturbations in Uranus's orbit.

Appointed Prime Minister of Great Britain, 1st term

The 3rd reading of the Corn Law Repeal Bill

The Corn Law Repeal Bill is given the royal assent

A coalition defeats the Government on the Irish Coercion Bill

The Corn Law Repeal Bill passes through Parliament

The corn import duty is fixed at one shilling a quarter from 1849 onwards

Taylor relieves Fort Texas after victories at Palo Alto and Resaca de la Palma

Wishes to repeal the corn laws but his Cabinet is divided

Peel is forced to resign after the defeat on the Irish Coercion Bill

Peel resigns

Taylor's army is drawn into war after fighting breaks out north of the Rio Grande

Orders General Zachary Taylor to move troops toward the Rio Grande in the disputed border region

United States guarantee of neutrality makes Panama transit a matter of American foreign policy

Under the Treaty of Lahore Britain gains territory beyond the Sutlej River

The Treaty of Washington declares the 49th Parallel boundary at Canada & Oregon

The US Senate resolves to end the British occupation of Oregon

Declares Schleswig-Holstein indivisible from the rest of Denmark

Receives a French patent for the saxophone family.

Begins the Second de Theux Government in Brussels and serves as head of the Belgian government.

Austrian & Russian troops occupy Cracow

Austrian & Russian troops occupy Cracow

Brown commands Fort Texas during the Mexican bombardment before dying from wounds

Mexican artillery opens bombardment against the United States fort opposite Matamoros

Mexican forces begin the siege of Fort Texas near the Rio Grande

United States defenders hold Fort Texas while General Taylor marches to relieve the garrison

Major Jacob Brown is mortally wounded during the Mexican bombardment of Fort Texas

Fort Texas is secured by United States forces and later renamed Fort Brown in honor of Major Jacob Brown

Mexican forces lift the siege after United States victory at Resaca de la Palma

Chief Engineer at the reduction of the fortress of Kote Kangra in the Punjab by Brigadier General Wheeler

Defeats the Sikhs

The South Devon Railway extends from Teignmouth to Newton while Brunel continues preparing atmospheric traction.

SS Great Britain runs aground in Dundrum Bay during a transatlantic voyage.

Polk administration advances a strategic policy of protected isthmian communication

Arista's forces engage American troops in the clash that helps trigger formal war

Mexican forces clash with a United States patrol north of the Rio Grande

Treaty gives the United States a diplomatic interest in protecting transit across Panama

Gulab Singh acquires Kashmir under the Treaty of Amritsar following the First Sikh War.

The Treaty of Amritsar recognizes Gulab Singh as Maharaja of Jammu and Kashmir after the First Sikh War.

Under the Treaty of Lahore Britain gains territory beyond the Sutlej River. The Treaty of Lahore ends the 1st Sikh War

The Sikh government of the young Duleep Singh accepts the Treaty of Lahore after defeat in the First Sikh War.

The Treaty of Lahore ends the First Sikh War and requires major territorial and financial concessions from the Sikh state.

Nearly half of the Sikh Kingdom is taken over by the British

The Treaty of Washington declares the 49th Parallel boundary at Canada & Oregon

Polk signs the Walker Tariff lowering tariff rates and reshaping federal revenue policy

Walker designs a tariff reducing duties and classifying imports by value.

Birth of Charles Stewart Parnell

Tej Singh's Sikh forces face the British-led army at Aliwal during the First Sikh War.

United States forces defeat Mexican forces during the New Mexico campaign

Ampudia surrenders Monterrey after hard urban fighting against Taylor's army

Davis and the Mississippi Rifles serve under Taylor during the Monterrey campaign

Commands a successful charge at Monterey winning a victory in the assault on Fort Teneria

United States forces begin the Battle of Monterrey in northern Mexico

Taylor begins the assault on Monterrey during the northern Mexico campaign

Worth leads American troops in the attack on the western approaches to Monterrey

Commencement of the Sikh War, 1st, the Sikhs are defeated

Arista is defeated by Taylor at the Battle of Palo Alto

United States forces defeat Mexican forces at Palo Alto

Defeats Mexican forces

Taylor defeats Mexican forces at Palo Alto in the first major battle of the war

Arista's army is defeated and retreats after the Battle of Resaca de la Palma

United States forces defeat Mexican forces at Resaca de la Palma

Defeats Mexican forces

Taylor defeats Arista at Resaca de la Palma and secures the lower Rio Grande

United States and Californio forces fight at San Pasqual in California

Present at the Battle of Sobraon

Tej Singh commands part of the Sikh army at Sobraon, the decisive battle that opens the road to Lahore.