Risorgimento
The revolutionary disturbances began on January 5 with a civil disobedience strike in Lombardy, as citizens stopped smoking and playing the lottery, which denied Austria the associated tax revenue
Historical events in 1848
226 historical records
January 18485 historical events
Atmospheric Railway
Atmospheric railway services reach Newton Abbot as Brunel continues testing the experimental system.
Atmospheric Service Extended to Newton
Atmospheric passenger working extends from Teignmouth to Newton on Brunel's South Devon system.
Discovery of Gold
Marshall discovers gold at Sutter's Mill, sharply increasing migration and transisthmian travel.
Attack on Congress
Armed supporters confronted Congress, consolidating President Jose Tadeo Monagas's control over national institutions.
February 184815 historical events
Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo
Pena's Government accepts the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo after the fall of Mexico City
Mexican Cession
Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo transfers territory including much of present-day Arizona to the United States
Mexican Cession
Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo transfers Upper California to the United States
Mexican Cession
Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo transfers New Mexico to the United States
Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo
Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo is signed by American and Mexican negotiators
Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo
Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo is signed ending the Mexican-American War
Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo
Trist signs the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo ending the war and fixing the terms of peace
Communist Manifesto
Marx and Engels publish the Manifesto of the Communist Party.
Constitution of Italy
Pope Pius IX grants a constitution to the Papal States, which was both unexpected and surprising considering the historical recalcitrance of the Papacy
Risorgimento
Pope Pius IX grants a constitution to the Papal States, which was both unexpected and surprising considering the historical recalcitrance of the Papacy
Entire Exeter-Newton Timetable Goes Atmospheric
All scheduled trains between Exeter and Newton temporarily operate using Brunel's atmospheric traction system.
Abdication
The Bourbons are overthrown & the second Republic proclaimed
Coup
The Bourbons are overthrown & the second Republic proclaimed
Constitution of Italy
In February 1848 there were revolts in Tuscany that were relatively nonviolent, after which Ferdinand granted the Tuscans a constitution
Risorgimento
In February 1848 there were revolts in Tuscany that were relatively nonviolent, after which Ferdinand granted the Tuscans a constitution
March 184826 historical events
Expulsion from Belgium
Belgian authorities arrest and expel Marx during the revolutionary crisis.
Constitution of Hungary
Declares in the Hungarian Diet it is time to end absolutism & the "Metternich System"
Speech
Declares in the Hungarian Diet it is time to end absolutism & the "Metternich System"
Responsible Government
Forms a reform ministry with Baldwin under responsible government.
Responsible Government
Forms a reform ministry as responsible government takes hold in Canada.
Speech
Sends in the paramilitary police to restore order in the Diet
Demonstrations
Vienna students & artisans protest
Resignation of Metternich
Forced to resign by a Vienna mob
Constitution of Austria
Forced to promise a constitution
Reballion of Rebels in Pest
A bloodless revolution in Pest leads to wider social representation in the Diet
Coup
Overthrown during protests in Vienna
Exile of Metternich
Seeks exile in London
Resignation of Metternich
Overthrown during protests in Vienna
Reballion of Rebels in Milan
Italian revolutionaries rebel against Austrian rule
Birth of Louise
Birth of Louise, 6th child of Victoria & Albert
Birth of Louise
Birth of Louise, 6th child of Victoria & Albert
Minister President
Appointed Chief Minister President of Prussia
Minister President
Appointed Chief Minister President of Prussia
Revolution of Germany
When revolution breaks out in Prussia, part of the larger Revolutions of 1848, the king initially moved to repress it with the army, but later decided to recall the troops and place himself at the head of the movement
Declaration of War
Sardinia-Piedmont declares war for the nationalists in Austrias Italian provinces
Reballion of Rebels in Sardinia
Sardinia-Piedmont declares war for the nationalists in Austrias Italian provinces
Moltke Government
Begins the Moltke Government in Copenhagen and serves as Prime Minister of Denmark.
Demonstrations
Demonstrations break out in Kracow
Demonstrations
Demonstrations break out in Prague
Demands of the Communist Party
Marx and Engels issue political demands for the German revolutionary movement.
Return to Paris
Marx returns to revolutionary Paris after the fall of the July Monarchy.
April 184810 historical events
Constitution of Hungary
Appointed Prime Minister of Hungary, the first Prime Minister of Hungary
Prime Minister of Hungary
Appointed Prime Minister of Hungary, the first Prime Minister of Hungary. Appointed by Ferdinand I to be the first Prime Minister of the new Parliamentary Government of Hungary
Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo
Proclaims the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo in force for the United States
Constitution of Austria
The Hungarian Kingdom becomes a constitutional monarchy
Reform of Taxation
Signs laws which abolish serfdom & makes peasants owners of the land they cultivate. Revokes the tax-free status of the nobility & ends censorship
Serfdom
Signs laws which abolish serfdom & makes peasants owners of the land they cultivate
Franklin Ships Abandoned
Crozier and James Fitzjames direct the abandonment of Erebus and Terror after prolonged entrapment in ice and lead the surviving crews southward.
Election
Half the Deputies are monarchists divided into 300 Orleanists & 150 Legitimists. Elections take place to the Constituent Assembly
Royal Albert Bridge
Brunel launches a survey cylinder into the River Tamar to investigate foundations for the future bridge.
Siege of Cracow
Austrian troops bombard Cracow
May 18489 historical events
Slovak National Demands
Helps issue national demands for Slovak rights.
President of Germany
Appointed President of the Frankfurt Parliament
President of Switzerland
Appointed President of the Diet, 2nd term
Committee of Public Safety
The Committee of Public Safety rules Vienna
Demonstrations
The Court flees to Innsbruck. The Committee of Public Safety rules Vienna
Demonstrations
Students demonstrate over the limited franchise
Franchise
Students demonstrate over the limited franchise
Independence of Austria
Croatia declares independence
Independence of Croatia
Croatia declares independence
June 18487 historical events
Neue Rheinische Zeitung
Marx launches the Neue Rheinische Zeitung as a democratic revolutionary newspaper.
Slav Congress
Helps lead the Prague Slav Congress.
Wallachian Revolution
Supports the revolutionary programme in Wallachia.
Prague Uprising
Suppresses the Prague uprising.
Exile of Guisseppe Garibaldi
Arrives at Nice from Exile in South America after hearing about civil unrest
Minister President
Appointed Chief Minister President of Prussia
June Revolution in Paris
Marx analyses the violent suppression of Parisian workers in the June Days.
July 184810 historical events
Wali of Egypt
Succeeds his father as Wali while Muhammad Ali remains seriously ill.
Battle of Custoza
Victory at Custoza is followed by Radetzkys occupation of Milan. Radetzky drives Charles Albert out of Lombardy. Commands the Austrian army which defeats the Sardinians
Capture of Milan
Victory at Custoza is followed by Radetzkys occupation of Milan
Rule of Milan
Victory at Custoza is followed by Radetzkys occupation of Milan
Battle of Custoza
After initial successes at Goito and Peschiera, decisively defeated at the Battle of Custoza by Radetzky
Risorgimento
After initial successes at Goito and Peschiera, decisively defeated at the Battle of Custoza by Radetzky
Birth of Arthur James Balfour
Birth of Arthur James Balfour, East Lothian
Abdication
Deposed by Parisian revolutionaries
Rule of Milan
Victory at Custoza is followed by Radetzkys occupation of Milan
Siege of Venice
Victory at Custoza is followed by Radetzkys occupation of Milan
August 18485 historical events
Death of George Stephenson
Death of George Stephenson
Demonstrations
The Court returns to Vienna
Risorgimento
An armistice was quickly agreed to, and Radetzky was able to regain control of all of Lombardy-Venetia save Venice itself, where a republic was proclaimed under Daniele Manin
Battle of Custoza
An armistice was quickly agreed to, and Radetzky was able to regain control of all of Lombardy-Venetia save Venice itself, where a republic was proclaimed under Daniele Manin
Risorgimento
An armistice was quickly agreed to, and Radetzky was able to regain control of all of Lombardy-Venetia save Venice itself, where a republic was proclaimed under Daniele Manin
September 18484 historical events
Atmospheric Railway
The atmospheric railway closes after persistent leakage and high maintenance costs make it impractical.
Atmospheric Working Abandoned
Persistent leakage, unreliable equipment and high operating costs lead to abandonment of atmospheric traction on the South Devon Railway.
Minister President
Appointed Chief Minister President of Prussia
Sikh Rebellion
Sher Singh Attariwalla joins the widening Sikh rebellion, transforming the Multan rising into a larger war.
October 18484 historical events
Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo
United States Senate approves ratification of the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo with amendments
Prime Minister of Greece
Kanaris returns to office for a second premiership.
Chancellor
Appointed Prime Minister of Austria
Demonstrations
The Court id forced to flee from Vienna again. Ordering troops from Vienna to Hungary provkes further demonstrations
November 18487 historical events
Minister President
Appointed Chief Minister President of Prussia
Death of William Lamb
Death of William Lamb, suffers a stroke
Birth of Surendranath Banerjee
Birth of Surendranath Banerjee
Constitution of Switzerland
The Federal constitution goes into effect
Birth of Maximilian von Prittwitz
Birth of Maximilian von Prittwitz
Risorgimento
Following the assassination of his Minister Pellegrino Rossi, Pius IX fled Rome
Risorgimento
Following the assassination of his Minister Pellegrino Rossi, Pius IX fled Rome
December 184818 historical events
Abdication
Persuades Ferdinand I to abdicate
Succession
Secures the replacement of Ferdinand I by Franz Josef I
Abdication
Emperor Ferdinand abdicates at Olomouc, as part of Minister-president Felix zu Schwarzenberg's plan to end the Revolutions of 1848 in Hungary
Succession
By the abdication of his uncle Ferdinand and the renunciation of his father, Franz Joseph succeeds as Emperor of Austria
Military Coup
Belzu takes power after defeating Velasco's government.
President of France
Appointed President of France, appealing to the nostalgia of the "Napoleonic legend"
Exile of Guisseppe Garibaldi
Arrives at Rome on the invitation of the Revolutionary Government
Gagernsche Program
Introduces the Gagernsche Program, Austria is to be excluded from the new federal state, but bound to it by a Treaty of Union
Minister President
Appointed Minister President of the German Provisional Government
Provisional Government
Appointed Minister President of the German Provisional Government
Abdication
Abdicates in favor of his nephew Francis Joseph after the revolution of 1848
Abdication
Ferdinand I abdicates in favour of his nehew, Franz Josef I
Constitution of Germany
The Declaration of the Basic Rights, a model for all German democratic institutions
Declaration of Basic Rights
The Declaration of the Basic Rights, a model for all German democratic institutions
Constitution of Germany
Once his position is more secure again,quickly has the army reoccupy Berlin and dissolve the assembly
National Assembly
Once his position is more secure again,quickly has the army reoccupy Berlin and dissolve the assembly
Revolution of Germany
Once his position is more secure again,quickly has the army reoccupy Berlin and dissolve the assembly
Siege of Berlin
Once his position is more secure again,quickly has the army reoccupy Berlin and dissolve the assembly
Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo
Ratifies the amended Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo on behalf of the United States
Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo
Submits the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo to the United States Senate
Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo
Ratifications of the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo are exchanged at Queretaro
Ambassador
Appointed Ambassador of Russia
Chancellor
Appointed Prime Minister of Austria. Appointed Chancellor of Austria
Succession
Secures the Succession of Francis Joseph I
Constitution of Austria
Draws up a centralized & absolutist state
Foreign Secretary of Austria
Appointed Foreign Minister
Minister of Commerce
Appointed Minister of Commerce
Minister of Justice
Appointed Minister of Justice
Minister of Two Sicilies
Appointed Minister of Two Sicilies
Constitution of Austria
Founds a Provisional Parliament
Frankfurt Assembly
In the Revolutions of 1848 the Austrian dominated German Confederation is dissolved and the Frankfurt Assembly seeks to establish new constitutions for the German states
German Confederation
In the Revolutions of 1848 the Austrian dominated German Confederation is dissolved and the Frankfurt Assembly seeks to establish new constitutions for the German states
Reballion of Rebels in Vienna
Publishes the "Twelve Points", a list of radical demmands
Reballion of Rebels in Hungary
Suppresses a rebellion in Hungary
Reballion of Rebels in Italy
Suppresses a rebellion in Italy
Reballion of Rebels in Milan
Rebellion breaks out in Milan
Reballion of Rebels in Piedmont
Piedmont declares war on Austro
Return to Ireland
Returns to Ireland with his mother after the death of his father in Canada.
Foundation of Punta Arenas
Supports establishment of Punta Arenas to consolidate Chilean sovereignty and settlement in the Strait of Magellan.
Constitution of Denmark
1st Prime Minister of Danish Parliamentary Government
Prime Minister of Denmark
Appointed Prime Minister of Denmark
Succession
Succeeds as King of Denmark
Minister of Education
Appointed Minister of Education
Reform of Education
Calls on village school teachers to spread the republican faith
Consituent Assembly
Has the responsibility for organizing the election of a Constituent Assembly
Dismissal
All Prefects & most sub-prefects are replaced by revolutionary Commissaries
Election
Has the responsibility for organizing the election of a Constituent Assembly
Minister of War
Appointed Minister of War
Slavery
Responsible for the abolition of slavery in the French colonies
Election
Elected to the National Assembly
National Assembly
Elected to the National Assembly
Foreign Secretary of Germany
Appointed Foreign Minister
Alliance Agreement at Berlin
Works for an alliance between Russia, Germany & Austria against Great Britain
Alliance Russia, Germany and Austria
Works for an alliance between Russia, Germany & Austria against Great Britain
Election
Vinckes moderates a landslide election victory to the Diet with 210 seats
Chancellor
Appointed Chancellor of Germany
Election
Presides over new elections to the Diet, results in a liberal victory
Abdication
Abdicates after an involvement with the dancer Lola Montez who dictated his policies
Exile of Wilhelm I
Flees to England because of his absolutism during the 1848 revolutions
Abdication
Abdicates in favour of his son Maximilian II at the outbreak of revolution
Succession
Succeeds as King of Bavaria
Birth of Otto
Birth of Otto, son of Maximilian II Joseph
Birth of Gottlob Frege
Gottlob Frege is born in Wismar.
Communist Manifesto", assists Marx
Publication of "Communist Manifesto", assists Marx
Communist Manifesto
Publication of "Communist Manifesto", assists Marx
Chief of Staff
Appointed chief of the staff of the VIII Corps at Koblenz
Constitution of Germany
Frederick William IV agrees to demands for a constitution & to become leader of a united Germany
Constitution of Germany
Frederick stays in his Palace surrounded by a mob who force constitutional reforms. Commits himself to German unification, forms a liberal Government and convenes a national assembly
Constitution of Germany
The Frankfurt Assembly collapses after Frederick William IV refuses to be it's crowned head."
Frankfurt Assembly
In the Revolutions of 1848 the Austrian dominated German Confederation is dissolved and the Frankfurt Assembly seeks to establish new constitutions for the German states
Frankfurt Assembly
The Frankfurt Assembly collapses after Frederick William IV refuses to be it's crowned head
German Confederation
Contacts Metternich to reform the German Confederation but Metternich is deposed
National Assembly
Once his position is more secure again,quickly has the army reoccupy Berlin and dissolve the assembly. Commits himself to German unification, forms a liberal Government, convenes a national assembly, and orders that a Constitution of the Kingdom of Prussia
Revolution of Germany
Capitulates to the demands of the revolutionaries in Berlin
Revolution of Germany
Declares "Prussia will merge with Germany". Contacts Metternich to reform the German Confederation but Metternich is deposed. Commits himself to German unification, forms a liberal Government, convenes a national assembly, and orders that a Constitution of the Kingdom of Prussia.
Revolution of Germany
Once his position is more secure again,quickly has the army reoccupy Berlin and dissolve the assembly. Wishes to stay with his "dear Berliners". Transfers responsibility for law & order to a civilian militia. The King's troops are overwhelmed & leave Berlin.
Revolution of Germany
Stays in Berlin with the idea of leading a united Germany. Heads a procession wearing a black-red-gold armband. Frederick stays in his Palace surrounded by a mob who force constitutional reforms. Fredericks generals ask him to leave for Potsdam, he refuses & street violence ensues.
Revolution of Germany
Transfers responsibility for law & order to a civilian militia. The King's troops are overwhelmed & leave Berlin. Stays in Berlin with the idea of leading a united Germany. Declares "Prussia will merge with Germany". Capitulates to the demands of the revolutionaries in Berlin
Unification
Declares "Prussia will merge with Germany". Commits himself to German unification, forms a liberal Government, convenes a national assembly, and orders that a Constitution of the Kingdom of Prussia
Unification
Frederick William IV agrees to demands for a constitution & to become leader of a united Germany
The Tenant of Wildfell Hall
Publication of "The Tennant of Wildfell Hall"
Royal Society
Elected to the Royal Society
Education
Receives an honorary degree from Oxford University
Oxford University
Receives an honorary degree from Oxford University
Governor
Appointed Governor General of India, 2nd term
Impeachment
Anstey wants Palmerston impeached for being a foreign agent since 1828
Birth of Louise
Birth of Louise, 6th child of Queen Victoria & Prince Albert
Church Penitentiary Association
Founds the Church Penitentiary Association for the Reclamation of Fallen Women
Church Penitentiary Association
Gladstone founds the Church Penitentiary Association for the Reclamation of Fallen Women
Reclamation of Fallen Women
Gladstone founds the Church Penitentiary Association for the Reclamation of Fallen Women. Aids the House of Mercy at Clewer near Windsor (which exercised extreme in-house discipline) and spends much time arranging employment for ex-prostitutes
Discovery of Nova Ophiuchi
Hind discovers Nova Ophiuchi 1848
Fifteen-Inch Atmospheric Pipe Used
The relatively level Exeter-to-Newton section uses fifteen-inch traction pipes to propel atmospheric trains.
Ivybridge Timber Viaduct Opens
A Brunel-designed viaduct opens on the South Devon route as part of the extension toward Plymouth.
Larger Atmospheric Pipes Planned for South Devon Banks
Brunel plans larger traction pipes for the steeper section beyond Newton where greater pulling force is required.
Plymbridge Road Overbridge Completed
A Brunel-designed elliptical railway overbridge is completed for the South Devon Railway near Plympton.
Tamar Bridge Preliminary Works Begin
Early work begins on Brunel's proposed railway crossing of the River Tamar before the project is later restarted.
Absolute Temperature Scale
Proposes an absolute thermodynamic temperature scale while professor at Glasgow.
Discovery of Kelvin Scale
Proposes the absolute Kelvin scale for measuring temperature
Engineer
Appointed as consulting engineer to the Punjab resident and Council of Regency
Capture of Punjab
Captures the Punjab
Governor
Appointed Governor of Hungary
Independence of Hungary
The Hungarian National Assembly appoints a Governor
National Assembly
The Hungarian National Assembly appoints a Governor
Minister of Justice
Appointed Minister of Justice
Reballion of Rebels in Buda
Nationalist Serbs attack Hungary
Reballion of Rebels in Croatia
Nationalist Croations attack Hungary
Constitution of Hungary
The military forces are reorganized into a national guard. Heads the reformed & more representitive Diet which is to meet annually. Every soldier is to take an oath of allegiance to the Government in Buda
Reballion of Lajos Kossuth
Leads a Nationalist insurrection
Commandant
Appointed Commandant of Trieste concentration camp
National Guard
The military forces are reorganized into a national guard
Reballion of Rebels in Transylvania
Nationalist Romanians attack Hungary
First Franklin Search Expedition
McClintock joins HMS Enterprise on his first expedition searching for Sir John Franklin and the missing crews of Erebus and Terror.
Enterprise Franklin Search
McClure joins HMS Enterprise on an early Royal Navy search for the missing Franklin expedition.
Il corsaro
Composes, "Il corsaro"
Reballion of Rebels in Milan
Fights the Austrians in Milan but forced into Switzerland
Risorgimento
An armistice was quickly agreed to, and Radetzky was able to regain control of all of Lombardy-Venetia save Venice itself, where a republic was proclaimed under Daniele Manin. Charles Albert, the King of Sardinia (whose Kingdom was actually centreed around Piedmont and Savoy), urged by the Venetians and Milanese to aid their cause, decided that this was the moment to unify Italy and declared war on Austria
Risorgimento
Following the assassination of his Minister Pellegrino Rossi, Pius IX fled Rome. The republics have the upper hand, forcing the monarchs to flee their capitals, including Pope Pius IX
Slovak Volunteer Campaign
Helps lead Slovak volunteers during revolutionary conflict.
Constitution of Switzerland
Author of the Constitution. As a consequence of the civil war, Switzerland adopts a federal constitution in 1848
Massachusetts House
Serves in the Massachusetts House of Representatives.
Education
Graduates from Union College
Presidential Campaign
Supports Zachary Taylor as the Whig candidate in the 1848 presidential election
Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo
Treaty transfers a vast cession of Mexican territory to the United States
Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo
Treaty confirms the Rio Grande as the southern boundary of Texas