1848 in History

Deposed by Parisian revolutionaries

Abdicates in favor of his nephew Francis Joseph after the revolution of 1848

Emperor Ferdinand abdicates at Olomouc, as part of Minister-president Felix zu Schwarzenberg's plan to end the Revolutions of 1848 in Hungary

Ferdinand I abdicates in favour of his nehew, Franz Josef I

The Bourbons are overthrown & the second Republic proclaimed

Persuades Ferdinand I to abdicate

Atmospheric railway services reach Newton Abbot as Brunel continues testing the experimental system.

The atmospheric railway closes after persistent leakage and high maintenance costs make it impractical.

Atmospheric passenger working extends from Teignmouth to Newton on Brunel's South Devon system.

Persistent leakage, unreliable equipment and high operating costs lead to abandonment of atmospheric traction on the South Devon Railway.

Armed supporters confronted Congress, consolidating President Jose Tadeo Monagas's control over national institutions.

Victory at Custoza is followed by Radetzkys occupation of Milan

Appointed Prime Minister of Austria

The Committee of Public Safety rules Vienna

Marx and Engels publish the Manifesto of the Communist Party.

Forced to promise a constitution

The Hungarian Kingdom becomes a constitutional monarchy

Once his position is more secure again,quickly has the army reoccupy Berlin and dissolve the assembly

The Declaration of the Basic Rights, a model for all German democratic institutions

Appointed Prime Minister of Hungary, the first Prime Minister of Hungary

Declares in the Hungarian Diet it is time to end absolutism & the "Metternich System"

In February 1848 there were revolts in Tuscany that were relatively nonviolent, after which Ferdinand granted the Tuscans a constitution

Pope Pius IX grants a constitution to the Papal States, which was both unexpected and surprising considering the historical recalcitrance of the Papacy

The Federal constitution goes into effect

The Bourbons are overthrown & the second Republic proclaimed

Overthrown during protests in Vienna

The Declaration of the Basic Rights, a model for all German democratic institutions

Sardinia-Piedmont declares war for the nationalists in Austrias Italian provinces

Marx and Engels issue political demands for the German revolutionary movement.

Demonstrations break out in Kracow

Demonstrations break out in Prague

The Court flees to Innsbruck. The Committee of Public Safety rules Vienna

Students demonstrate over the limited franchise

The Court returns to Vienna

The Court id forced to flee from Vienna again. Ordering troops from Vienna to Hungary provkes further demonstrations

Vienna students & artisans protest

Marshall discovers gold at Sutter's Mill, sharply increasing migration and transisthmian travel.

Half the Deputies are monarchists divided into 300 Orleanists & 150 Legitimists. Elections take place to the Constituent Assembly

All scheduled trains between Exeter and Newton temporarily operate using Brunel's atmospheric traction system.

Arrives at Nice from Exile in South America after hearing about civil unrest

Arrives at Rome on the invitation of the Revolutionary Government

Seeks exile in London

Belgian authorities arrest and expel Marx during the revolutionary crisis.

Students demonstrate over the limited franchise

Introduces the Gagernsche Program, Austria is to be excluded from the new federal state, but bound to it by a Treaty of Union

Croatia declares independence

Croatia declares independence

Marx analyses the violent suppression of Parisian workers in the June Days.

Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo transfers territory including much of present-day Arizona to the United States

Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo transfers Upper California to the United States

Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo transfers New Mexico to the United States

Belzu takes power after defeating Velasco's government.

Appointed Chief Minister President of Prussia

Appointed Chief Minister President of Prussia

Appointed Chief Minister President of Prussia

Appointed Chief Minister President of Prussia

Appointed Minister President of the German Provisional Government

Appointed Chief Minister President of Prussia

Begins the Moltke Government in Copenhagen and serves as Prime Minister of Denmark.

Once his position is more secure again,quickly has the army reoccupy Berlin and dissolve the assembly

Marx launches the Neue Rheinische Zeitung as a democratic revolutionary newspaper.

Suppresses the Prague uprising.

Appointed President of France, appealing to the nostalgia of the "Napoleonic legend"

Appointed President of the Frankfurt Parliament

Appointed President of the Diet, 2nd term

Kanaris returns to office for a second premiership.

Appointed Prime Minister of Hungary, the first Prime Minister of Hungary. Appointed by Ferdinand I to be the first Prime Minister of the new Parliamentary Government of Hungary

Appointed Minister President of the German Provisional Government

Italian revolutionaries rebel against Austrian rule

A bloodless revolution in Pest leads to wider social representation in the Diet

Sardinia-Piedmont declares war for the nationalists in Austrias Italian provinces

Signs laws which abolish serfdom & makes peasants owners of the land they cultivate. Revokes the tax-free status of the nobility & ends censorship

Forced to resign by a Vienna mob

Overthrown during protests in Vienna

Forms a reform ministry as responsible government takes hold in Canada.

Forms a reform ministry with Baldwin under responsible government.

Marx returns to revolutionary Paris after the fall of the July Monarchy.

When revolution breaks out in Prussia, part of the larger Revolutions of 1848, the king initially moved to repress it with the army, but later decided to recall the troops and place himself at the head of the movement

Once his position is more secure again,quickly has the army reoccupy Berlin and dissolve the assembly

After initial successes at Goito and Peschiera, decisively defeated at the Battle of Custoza by Radetzky

An armistice was quickly agreed to, and Radetzky was able to regain control of all of Lombardy-Venetia save Venice itself, where a republic was proclaimed under Daniele Manin

In February 1848 there were revolts in Tuscany that were relatively nonviolent, after which Ferdinand granted the Tuscans a constitution

The revolutionary disturbances began on January 5 with a civil disobedience strike in Lombardy, as citizens stopped smoking and playing the lottery, which denied Austria the associated tax revenue

An armistice was quickly agreed to, and Radetzky was able to regain control of all of Lombardy-Venetia save Venice itself, where a republic was proclaimed under Daniele Manin

Pope Pius IX grants a constitution to the Papal States, which was both unexpected and surprising considering the historical recalcitrance of the Papacy

Following the assassination of his Minister Pellegrino Rossi, Pius IX fled Rome

Following the assassination of his Minister Pellegrino Rossi, Pius IX fled Rome

Brunel launches a survey cylinder into the River Tamar to investigate foundations for the future bridge.

Victory at Custoza is followed by Radetzkys occupation of Milan

Victory at Custoza is followed by Radetzkys occupation of Milan

Signs laws which abolish serfdom & makes peasants owners of the land they cultivate

Once his position is more secure again,quickly has the army reoccupy Berlin and dissolve the assembly

Austrian troops bombard Cracow

Victory at Custoza is followed by Radetzkys occupation of Milan

Sher Singh Attariwalla joins the widening Sikh rebellion, transforming the Multan rising into a larger war.

Helps lead the Prague Slav Congress.

Helps issue national demands for Slovak rights.

Sends in the paramilitary police to restore order in the Diet

Declares in the Hungarian Diet it is time to end absolutism & the "Metternich System"

By the abdication of his uncle Ferdinand and the renunciation of his father, Franz Joseph succeeds as Emperor of Austria

Secures the replacement of Ferdinand I by Franz Josef I

Pena's Government accepts the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo after the fall of Mexico City

Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo is signed by American and Mexican negotiators

Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo is signed ending the Mexican-American War

Proclaims the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo in force for the United States

United States Senate approves ratification of the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo with amendments

Ratifies the amended Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo on behalf of the United States

Submits the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo to the United States Senate

Ratifications of the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo are exchanged at Queretaro

Trist signs the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo ending the war and fixing the terms of peace

Succeeds his father as Wali while Muhammad Ali remains seriously ill.

Supports the revolutionary programme in Wallachia.

Birth of Arthur James Balfour, East Lothian

Birth of Louise, 6th child of Victoria & Albert

Birth of Louise, 6th child of Victoria & Albert

Birth of Maximilian von Prittwitz

Birth of Surendranath Banerjee

Death of George Stephenson

Death of William Lamb, suffers a stroke

After initial successes at Goito and Peschiera, decisively defeated at the Battle of Custoza by Radetzky

An armistice was quickly agreed to, and Radetzky was able to regain control of all of Lombardy-Venetia save Venice itself, where a republic was proclaimed under Daniele Manin

Victory at Custoza is followed by Radetzkys occupation of Milan. Radetzky drives Charles Albert out of Lombardy. Commands the Austrian army which defeats the Sardinians