President of Switzerland
Begins a one-year term as President of the Swiss Confederation.
Historical events in 1853
158 historical records
January 18536 historical events
Reply to Kossuth's Secretary
Publishes a response to claims made by the secretary of Hungarian revolutionary leader Lajos Kossuth.
The Defeat of the Ministry
Publishes a Tribune article examining the defeat of the British ministry.
Birth of Jose Perez
Birth of Jose Perez
A Superannuated Administration
Publishes a Tribune article assessing the outgoing administration and prospects for a coalition ministry.
Marriage
Marries Eugenie de Montijo, a Spanish Countess
February 18538 historical events
Political Prospects Commercial Prosperity and Starvation
Publishes a Tribune article contrasting commercial prosperity with political uncertainty and cases of severe poverty.
First Farm Workers Strike
Publishes an article noting an unusual organised strike among agricultural labourers in southern Wiltshire.
Capital Punishment Cobden and the Bank of England
Publishes a Tribune article discussing capital punishment, Richard Cobden and Bank of England regulations.
Plot
Janos Libenyi attempts to assassinate Franz Josef I
Paddington Station
The Great Western Railway approves Brunel's plans for a grand permanent terminus at Paddington.
Diplomatic Proposal at London
Russia proposes that the two countries share out the remains of the Ottoman Empire.
Plot
Janos Libenyi attempts to assassinate Franz Josef I
Menshikov Mission
Arrives to demand Ottoman recognition of Russian protection over Orthodox Christians.
March 18532 historical events
The Italian Insurrection and British Politics
Publishes an article connecting an Italian insurrection with developments in British politics.
Forced Emigration and the Refugee Question
Publishes an article discussing forced emigration, political refugees and British electoral corruption.
April 18533 historical events
Relief Party Reaches Investigator
Lieutenant Bedford Pim reaches McClure's isolated expedition by sledge from HMS Resolute, ending years without direct contact with other search parties.
Ørsted Government
Begins the Ørsted Government in Copenhagen and serves as Prime Minister of Denmark.
First Bluhme Government
The First Bluhme Government ends in Copenhagen, concluding this term as Prime Minister of Denmark.
May 18532 historical events
Birth of Max von Gallwitz
Birth of Max von Gallwitz
Industry Exhibition
Opens the art-industry exhibition designed to promote the industry & arts of Ireland
June 18533 historical events
Mobilization
The Tsar sends his troops into Moldova and Wallachia (the "Danubian Principalities"), Great Britain, seeking to maintain the security of the Ottoman Empire, sends a fleet to the Dardanelles, where it joined another fleet sent by France.
Mobilization
The fleet is ordered to Besika Bay to warn Russia not to attack the Ottoman Empire.
fleet is ordered to Besika Bay to warn Russia not to
The fleet is ordered to Besika Bay to warn Russia not to attack the Ottoman Empire.
July 185313 historical events
Invasion of Moldova
Russian troops move into Moldova.
Occupation of Moldova
Commands Russian forces entering Moldova.
Occupation of Wallachia
Commands Russian forces occupying Wallachia.
Danubian Principalities
Orders occupation of Moldova and Wallachia after diplomatic negotiations fail.
Cornish Pier Foundation Ceremony
The foundation for a Cornish-side pier of the Royal Albert Bridge is formally laid at Saltash.
Layard Inquiry and the Ten-Hour Working Day
Publishes an article covering parliamentary inquiry and renewed controversy over the ten-hour working day.
Kerosene Lamp Demonstration
Introduces a practical kerosene lamp used during emergency surgery.
Petroleum Lighting Innovation
Demonstrates refined petroleum as a safer and brighter lighting fuel.
Vienna Note
Helps draft the Vienna Note seeking a compromise between Russia and Turkey.
Clifton Bridge Works Abandoned
Construction of the Clifton Suspension Bridge is completely abandoned.
Clifton Construction Suspended
The unfinished project remains dormant when its statutory time limit expires.
Vienna Note
The Allies demand Turkey not to alter the status of Christians without Russia and France. The Allied peace terms to Turkey in the Vienna Note are ignored.
Vienna Note
The Vienna Note is issued by the Allies to Turkey.
September 18535 historical events
Birth of Rama V
Birth of Rama V
Blockade of Istanbul
The British Fleet is ordered to Istanbul.
Istanbul Fleet Deployment Supports Ottoman Defence
The British fleet moves toward Istanbul as Britain and France increase naval support for the Ottoman Empire.
Strikes and the Value of Labor
Writes an article analysing strikes, wage demands and the changing industrial situation in Britain.
Balmoral Castle
Orders the renovation & enlargement of Balmoral Castle
October 18536 historical events
Declaration of War
Turkey declares war on Russia and crosses the Danube under Omar Pasha.
Declaration of War
Turkey declares war on Russia and crosses the Danube under Omar Pasha.
Declaration of War
Crosses the Danube and declares war on Russia.
Declaration of War
Leads Ottoman forces after Turkey declares war on Russia.
Calafat Bridgehead
Supports the Ottoman advance across the Danube that establishes the fortified Calafat bridgehead.
Occupation of Calafat
Crosses the Danube from Vidin and establishes an Ottoman bridgehead at Calafat.
November 185313 historical events
Battle of Oltenitza
Defeats the Russians in southern Romania, near the Danube.
Battle of Oltenitza
Wins an early Ottoman success near the Danube.
Battle of Akhaltsikhe
Leads a smaller Russian-Georgian force to victory over Selim Pasha near Akhaltsikhe.
Battle of Akhaltsikhe
Commands the larger Ottoman force defeated near Akhaltsikhe and withdraws toward Kars.
Battle of Bayindir
Engages the Ottoman Anatolian army near Bayindir before withdrawing from its strong artillery position.
Battle of Bayindir
Holds the Ottoman position at Bayindir after Russian troops test his army's defensive strength.
Battle of Sinope
Destroys an Ottoman squadron at Sinope.
Battle of Sinope
Attacks the Turkish Admiral Hussein Pasha, the Turkish flotilla is destroyed.
Battle of Sinope
The Russians destroy the Turkish Fleet at Sinope. Destruction of Turkish ships provide Great Britain and France a reason for declaring war against Russia.
Battle of Sinope
Attacked by Russia's Admiral Nakhimov, the Turkish flotilla is destroyed.
Battle of Sinope
Commands Ottoman ships destroyed by Nakhimov at Sinope.
Battle of Sinope
Destruction of Turkish ships provide Great Britain and France a reason for declaring war against Russia.
Battle of Sinope
The Sultan's armies attack the Russian army near the Danube, Nicholas responds by dispatching warships, which destroy a patrol squadron of Ottoman frigates and corvettes while they were anchored at the port of Sinope.
December 18539 historical events
Battle of Bashkadiklar
Directs cavalry attacks that help turn the Ottoman flank at Bashkadiklar.
Battle of Bashkadiklar
Commands Russian cavalry during the decisive victory at Bashkadiklar.
Battle of Bashkadiklar
Leads Russian infantry in the hard fighting against Ottoman batteries at Bashkadiklar.
Battle of Bashkadiklar
Defeats a much larger Ottoman army at Bashkadiklar and captures numerous guns.
Battle of Bashkadiklar
Commands the Ottoman army defeated by Bebutov at Bashkadiklar near Kars.
Battle of Bashkadiklar
Serves among the senior Ottoman commanders during the defeat at Bashkadiklar.
Battle of Cetate
Repels the first Ottoman assault on his Russian detachment at Cetate.
Battle of Cetate
Opens the fighting at Cetate with an attack on the Russian position in Wallachia.
Danube Defence
Commands Russian forces watching the Ottoman bridgehead around Calafat during the winter campaign.
Constitution of Argentina
Argentine national unity is established, and a constitution promulgated
Constitution of Argentina
Argentine national unity is established, and a constitution promulgated
Revolution of Argentina
Argentine national unity is established, and a constitution promulgated
Director
Appointed Director of concerts at the court of Hanover
Bunte Steine
Publication of "Bunte Steine"
Capture of Shanghai
The rebel leader captures Shanghai, China is now split into 2
Halles Centrale
Completes an iron & glass structure which Houses the General market of Paris
Succession
Succeeds as Empress of France
Dardanelles Fleet
Commands French naval forces cooperating with Britain near the Ottoman Straits.
Eastern Question Diplomacy
Directs French diplomacy as Paris and London increasingly coordinate policy against Russian pressure on the Ottoman Empire.
Privy Councillor
Appointed Privy Councillor of legation (Geheimer Legationsrath)
British Rule in India
Marx writes Tribune articles examining colonial rule and social transformation in India.
Revelations Concerning the Cologne Trial
Marx publishes a defence of defendants convicted in the Cologne communist trial.
Bleak House
Publication of "Bleak House"
Villette
Publication of "Villette"
Financial Secretary of Treasury
Appointed Financial Secretary to the Treasury
Factory Acts
Leader of the reforms for factory legislation, Factory Acts
Legislation
Leader of the reforms for factory legislation, Factory Acts
Foreign Secretary of Great Britain
Appointed Foreign Minister, 1st term
Governor
Appointed Governor General of India
Postmaster General
Appointed Post Master General
Legislation
The Penal Servitude Act increases prison sentences
Reform of Prisons
The Penal Servitude Act increases prison sentences
Fellow
Appointed Fellow of All Souls College, Oxford
Member of Parliament
Elected Member of Parliament for Stamford
Budget
123 duties are abolished and 133 duties are reduced, income tax had legally expired but Gladstone proposed to extend it for seven years to fund tariff reductions
Budget
Increases bonds, raises loans & doubles income tax to 1s 2d to pay for the Crimean war. Gladstones first budget almost completes the work begun by Peel eleven years before in simplifying Britains tariff of duties and customs.
Budget
Increases the number of people eligible to pay income tax by lowering the threshold from pounds 150 to pounds 100, the more people who paid income tax, Gladstone believes, the more the public will pressure the Government into abolishing it & Gladstone argues that pounds 100 is "the dividing line...between
Budget
the educated and the labouring part of the community" and therefore the income tax payers and the electorate will be the same people, who will then vote to cut Government expenditure.
Government Report
The Trevelyn-Northcote report recommends a competitive appointment system
Income Tax
100 is "the dividing line...between the educated and the labouring part of the community" and therefore the income tax payers and the electorate will be the same people, who will then vote to cut Government expenditure.
Income Tax
123 duties are abolished and 133 duties are reduced, income tax had legally expired but Gladstone proposed to extend it for seven years to fund tariff reductions
Income Tax
Increases bonds, raises loans & doubles income tax to 1s 2d to pay for the Crimean war.
Income Tax
Increases the number of people eligible to pay income tax by lowering the threshold from pounds 150 to pounds 100, the more people who paid income tax, Gladstone believes, the more the public will pressure the Government into abolishing it & Gladstone argues that pounds
Reform of Civil Service
The Trevelyn-Northcote report recommends a competitive appointment system. Gladstone sets up a civil service commission & public examinations for officials
Birth of Leopold
Birth of Leopold, Eighth child of Victoria & Albert, 3rd in line to the throne
Birth of Leopold
Birth of Leopold, Duke of Albany, Eighth child of Victoria & Albert
Birth of Leopold
Birth of Leopold, Duke of Albany, Eighth child of Victoria & Albert
Factory Acts
Leader of the reforms for factory legislation, Factory Acts
Reform of Workplace Conditions
Leader of the reforms for factory legislation, Factory Acts
Medal
Awarded the Gold Medal of the Royal Astronomical Society
Paddington Station
Brunel designs the permanent station with architectural detailing undertaken by Matthew Digby Wyatt.
Royal Albert Bridge
Brunel finalises the distinctive lenticular truss design for the railway bridge across the River Tamar.
Great Eastern Combined Paddle and Screw Propulsion
The Great Eastern is designed with both paddle wheels and a screw propeller driven by separate machinery.
Great Eastern Double-Hull Principle Adopted
Brunel's Great Eastern design uses a double iron hull to provide exceptional structural strength and internal subdivision.
South Wales Railway Network Integration
Brunel's broad-gauge engineering links major South Wales industrial routes with the wider Great Western system.
1st Flight
Makes the 1st flight in an aeroplane, a 5ft long model glider
Dardanelles Fleet
Commands the British Mediterranean Fleet as it moves toward the Ottoman Straits during the diplomatic crisis.
Eastern Question Diplomacy
Coordinates British diplomacy as the dispute between Russia and the Ottoman Empire moves toward war.
Vienna Note
Supports diplomatic efforts to resolve the crisis while resisting Russian claims over Ottoman Christian subjects.
Encourages Ottoman resistance to Russian demands during the diplomatic crisis
Encourages Ottoman resistance to Russian demands during the diplomatic crisis.
Expedition
Appointed commmander of a column against the Baris on the North-West frontier
Investigator Abandoned
McClure abandons the icebound Investigator and leads his crew eastward to join ships approaching from the Atlantic side of the Arctic.
Succession
Succeeds as Emperor of Japan
Treaty of Amity
Treaty of Amity between US & Japan
Treaty of Kanagawa
Treaty of Kanagawa between US & Japan
Succession
Succeeds as Tokugawa Shogun, Thirteenth Shogun
Exile of Benito Juarez
Exiled by the conservatives under Santa Anna
Birth of Vincent van Gogh
Birth of Vincent van Gogh
Mayoral Term
Concludes service as Mayor of Amsterdam after the 1850-1853 municipal term.
Mayor of Amsterdam
Begins serving as Mayor of Amsterdam during the 1853-1853 municipal term.
Mayoral Term
Concludes service as Mayor of Amsterdam after the 1853-1853 municipal term.
Modernisation Policy
Promotes state-led development and controlled opening to foreign relations.
Vienna Negotiations
Participates in Russian diplomatic efforts as Austria seeks a negotiated settlement of the crisis.
Eastern Question Diplomacy
Conducts Russian diplomacy during the dispute over the Ottoman Empire and the Orthodox protectorate question.
Danube Operations
Commands Russian forces operating against the Ottomans along the Danube during the opening phase of the war.
Danubian Principalities
Commands Russian formations involved in the occupation and defence of the Danubian Principalities.
Invasion of Moldova
Appointed Commander in Chief of the troops which occupy Moldova and Wallachia.
Invasion of Wallachia
Appointed Commander in Chief of the troops which occupy Moldova and Wallachia.
Claims to be protector of Orthodox Christians in the Ottoman Empire
Claims to be protector of Orthodox Christians in the Ottoman Empire.
Invasion of Romania
Uses Turkey's oppression of Christians in Jerusalem to enter the Mediterranean.
Invasion of Romania
Goes through the Straits and occupies Turkey's Romanian principalities.
Invasion of Turkey
Claims to be protector of Orthodox Christians in the Ottoman Empire.
Black Sea Fleet
Helps direct the Russian Black Sea Fleet as tensions with the Ottoman Empire become open war.
Commandant
Appointed Commander of the Boer forces
Danube Command
Serves in the Ottoman command structure preparing forces to resist Russian occupation of the Danubian Principalities.
Danube Operations
Commands Ottoman troops in the Danubian theatre during the first campaigns against Russia.
Menshikov Mission
Resists Russian diplomatic pressure over Orthodox Christians in Ottoman territory.
Vienna Note
Helps the Ottoman government assess European proposals intended to settle the dispute with Russia.
Russian Demands
Supports resistance to Russian demands that would expand Russian influence over Orthodox subjects of the Ottoman Empire.
Minister of Great Britain
Appointed Minister of Great Britain
President of USA
Appointed President of the USA, 14th President
Vice President of USA
Appointed Vice President of the USA
Secretary of Navy
Appointed Secretary of the Navy
District Attorney
Serves as district attorney for the western district of Massachusetts.
Trade Relations at Tokyo Bay
Sails a flotilla of US warships to the mouth of Tokyo Bay & opens Japan to trade
Ottoman Montenegrin Frontier War Erupts
Fighting between Montenegro and the Ottoman Empire tests the principality's frontier and autonomy.
Ottoman Montenegrin Frontier War Erupts
Fighting between Montenegro and the Ottoman Empire tests the principality's frontier and autonomy.