President of Switzerland
Begins a one-year term as President of the Swiss Confederation.
Historical events in 1856
119 historical records
January 18566 historical events
Canal Neutrality
Issues a second canal concession requiring equal access for merchant vessels.
Sovereignty of Canal Concession
Approves a second concession defining the Suez Canal Company's rights and obligations under Egyptian authority.
Canal Concession
Secures a second concession clarifying company powers and obligations for construction of the canal.
Victoria Cross
Institutes the Victoria Cross, Britains highest military decoration
SS Great Eastern
Work on SS Great Eastern stops temporarily after John Scott Russell's shipbuilding business becomes bankrupt.
February 18563 historical events
Preliminary Peace
Represents Russia as preliminary peace terms are arranged.
Congress of Paris
Supports the opening of the Congress of Paris, where the powers negotiate a final peace settlement.
Congress of Paris
Hosts the peace congress ending the war.
March 185620 historical events
Treaty of Paris
Signs the Treaty of Paris as an Austrian plenipotentiary.
Treaty of Paris
Treaty settlement of the Congress of Paris.
Danube Commission
Supports creation of an international Danube commission.
Treaty of Paris
Represents Prussia in the final Paris arrangements and signs the peace treaty.
Treaty of Paris
Signs the Treaty of Paris as one of Britain's plenipotentiaries at the peace congress.
Treaty of Paris
Signs the Treaty of Paris for Britain.
Treaty of Paris
The Treaty of Paris is signed.
Vote of Confidence
Wins a vote of confidence in the Commons and the Lords after the Treaty of Paris.
Vote of Confidence
Wins parliamentary support after the Treaty of Paris.
Treaty of Paris
Signs the Treaty of Paris for Sardinia alongside Cavour.
Treaty of Paris
Signs the Treaty of Paris for Russia.
Treaty of Paris
The "Four Points" plan is largely adhered to, most notably Russia's special privileges relating to the Danubian Principalities are transferred to the Great Powers.
Treaty of Paris
The Tsar and the Sultan agree not to establish any naval or military arsenal on the coast of the Black Sea. The Treaty of Paris stands until 1871, when France is crushed by Prussia in the Franco-Prussian War.
Treaty of Paris
Warships of all nations are perpetually excluded from the Black Sea, once the home to the Russian fleet (which had been destroyed in the course of the war). Treaty settlement of the Congress of Paris.
Bessarabia Cession
Cedes territory near the mouth of the Danube.
Black Sea Neutralisation
Accepts neutralisation of the Black Sea under the peace settlement.
Return of Kars
Regains Kars through the Treaty of Paris settlement.
Treaty of Paris
Signs the Treaty of Paris for the Ottoman Empire.
Treaty of Paris
Treaty settlement of the Congress of Paris.
Treaty of Paris
Signs the Treaty of Paris as an Ottoman plenipotentiary at the peace congress.
April 18564 historical events
People's Paper Anniversary Speech
Marx speaks about industrial progress, social contradiction and working-class emancipation.
Declaration of Paris
Signs rules affecting privateering and maritime war.
Birth of Henri Philippe Petain
Birth of Henri Philippe Petain, in the Pas de Calais, son of a peasant familly
Birth of the Xianfeng Emperor's only surviving
Gives birth to Zaichun, the Xianfeng Emperor's only surviving son
May 18562 historical events
Birth of Sigmund Freud
Birth of Sigmund Freud
Prime Minister of New Zealand
Appointed Prime Minister of New Zealand, 1st term, Government lasts 12 days
July 18563 historical events
Birth of Bal Gangadhar Tilak
Birth of Bal Gangadhar Tilak
Home Rule
Birth of Bal Gangadhar Tilak
Birth of Richard Burdon Haldane
Birth of Richard Burdon Haldane
October 18563 historical events
President of Ecuador
Appointed President of Ecuador
Andræ Government
Begins the Andræ Government in Copenhagen and serves as Council President of Denmark.
Bang Council Presidency
The Bang Council Presidency ends in Copenhagen, concluding this term as Council President of Denmark.
November 18561 historical events
Birth of Patrick O'Donnell
Patrick O'Donnell is born near Glenties in County Donegal and later becomes Bishop of Raphoe, Archbishop of Armagh and cardinal.
December 18561 historical events
Birth of Thomas Woodrow Wilson
Birth of Thomas Woodrow Wilson
Anti-Slavery Coaltion
Republicans hold their first national convention as the anti slavery coalition becomes a national party
Anti-Slavery Coaltion
Illinois anti slavery forces organize at Bloomington and strengthen the Republican movement
International Canal Commission
Supports engineering plans connecting the Mediterranean and Red Sea without locks.
Suez Canal Route Plan
Contributes the sea-level route adopted by the international canal commission.
Discovery of Mendels Law
Discovers probabilty of inherited characteristics
Congress of Paris
Represents Austrian interests as the powers negotiate the postwar settlement.
Birth of Tung Chih
Born as Zaichun
Birth of only son
Gives birth to the Emperors only son
Consort Yi
Elevated to the fourth rank of consorts as "Consort Yi"
Birth of Nikola Tesla
Birth of Nikola Tesla, invented fluorescent lighting
Congress of Paris Presidency
Presides over the Congress of Paris on behalf of Napoleon III's government.
Congress of Paris
A commission is established to define the rights of neutrals in war on the Danube.
Congress of Paris
The Congress ends the war, neutralises the Black Sea and limits Russia's special claims concerning Ottoman Christian subjects.
Congress of Paris
The settlement returns Kars to the Ottoman Empire, reduces Russian territory near the Danube, and establishes international regulation of Danube navigation.
Neutrality
The Black Sea is neutralised. A commission is established to define the rights of neutrals in war on the Danube.
Peace Settlement
Uses the Paris settlement to confirm France's renewed influence in European diplomacy.
Major General
Appointed Major General
Governor
Appointed Governor General of India
Award
Awarded the Order of the Garter by Queen Victoria
Singers Hill Synagogue
Singers Hill Synagogue opens for Birmingham's growing Jewish community.
Mauveine
His synthetic dye discovery influences Birmingham’s later chemical and manufacturing trades.
Central Tamar Pier Capped
The central river pier is completed to the stage needed for erection of its upper iron support structure.
Great Eastern Construction Resumes after Financial Crisis
Work continues after disruption caused by John Scott Russell's financial difficulties and bankruptcy.
Birth of Joseph John Thomson
Birth of Joseph John Thomson
Return from Crimea
Returns to Britain after the war, financially weakened by unsold supplies from the British Hotel.
Congress of Paris Negotiations
Leads the British delegation during negotiations that produce the Treaty of Paris.
Declaration of Paris
The Declaration of Paris lays down international rules for maritime warfare.
Evacuation of Crimea
Commands British forces during the final occupation period and preparations for withdrawal after peace is concluded.
Return from Crimea
Returns quietly to Britain after her wartime nursing and hospital reform work in the Ottoman Empire and Crimea.
Congress of Paris
Supports a settlement placing the Danubian Principalities under collective European guarantees while retaining Ottoman suzerainty.
Congress of Paris
Supports the Paris settlement limiting Russian power in the Black Sea and restructuring arrangements for the Danubian Principalities.
Danubian Principalities
Supports the postwar settlement governing Moldova and Wallachia under collective European guarantees.
Independence of Romania
Supports arrangements that later help lead toward the political union of Moldova and Wallachia.
Peace Settlement
Defends the Treaty of Paris as securing British objectives against Russian expansion in the Black Sea region.
Rule of Moldova
Supports the international settlement defining Moldova's postwar status under Ottoman suzerainty and European guarantees.
Rule of Wallachia
Supports the international settlement defining Wallachia's postwar status under Ottoman suzerainty and European guarantees.
War Reporting
Reports the closing stages of the campaign and the transition from military operations to peace.
Declaration of War
2nd of the 2 Opium Wars between China & Britain
Siege of Arrow
Chinese officials board the British flagship, the Arrow
Hungaria
Composition of "Hungaria"
Birth of George Bernard Shaw
Birth of George Bernard Shaw
Alliance Agreement with France
Forms an alliance with France
Alliance Victor Emmanuel II and France
Forms an alliance with France
Congress of Paris
Uses Sardinia's place at the peace congress to raise the Italian question before the European powers.
Rudin
Publication of "Rudin"
Birth of Alexander Petrovich Izvolski
Birth of Alexander Petrovich Izvolski
Governor
Appointed governor-general of Poland
Emancipation Speech
Tells Moscow nobles that it is better to abolish serfdom from above than wait for it to end through revolt.
Coronation
Is crowned Emperor of Russia in Moscow after succeeding Nicholas I.
Treaty of Paris Negotiations
Serves with the Russian delegation during the negotiations leading to the Treaty of Paris.
Congress of Paris
Leads the Russian delegation at Paris and negotiates peace terms limiting Russian naval power in the Black Sea.
Rule of Bessarabia
At the Congress of Paris Russia keeps most of Bessarabia.
Rule of Crimea
At the Congress of Paris Russia keeps the Crimea.
Rule of Danube
At the Congress of Paris Russia cedes the mouth of the River Danube.
Rule of Kars
At the Congress of Paris Russia evacuates Kars.
Siege of Sevastopol
Defends Sevastopol and finally retreats to the northern part of the town, which he continued to defend until peace is signed in Paris.
Congress of Paris Negotiations
Leads Russia's delegation and negotiates the terms ending the war.
Congress of Paris
Accepts Black Sea neutralisation and international arrangements for navigation of the Danube.
Congress of Paris
Accepts territorial concessions near the Danube and the return of Kars to the Ottoman Empire under the Paris settlement.
Neutrality
The rights of neutrals in the Danube during time of war are defined.
Rule of Danube
The Danube is controlled by the great powers and an international commission.
Rule of Kars
At the Congress of Paris Russia cedes Kars to Turkey.
Peace Decision
Accepts the need for peace after military reverses, economic strain and the threat of Austrian intervention.
Congress of Vienna
Appointed Delegate to the Congress of Vienna
Congress of Paris
Appointed Delegate to the Congress of Paris
Congress of Paris Negotiations
Represents Ottoman interests in negotiations over the peace settlement and the empire's European status.
Congress of Paris
Russia gives up Kars to Turkey and renounces claims to protect Turkish Christians. An international commission is formed to regulate traffic on the Danube.
Congress of Paris
The Danube is placed under the control of the Great Powers. The Black Sea is made neutral. Russia gives up the mouth of the Danube and Bessarabia to the future Romania.
Neutrality
The Black Sea is made neutral.
Rule of Kars
Under the Congress of Paris Russia gives up Kars to Turkey.
Ottoman Reform Edict
Issues the Reform Edict during the peace negotiations, reaffirming legal protections for non-Muslim subjects.
Law Firm
Founds his wn law firm
Persian Forces Capture Herat
Persian forces occupy Herat in 1856, provoking British military intervention against Persia.
Herat Occupation Triggers Anglo Persian War
The seizure of Herat by the Qajar government contributes directly to the Anglo Persian War.
Persian Forces Capture Herat
Persian forces occupy Herat in 1856, provoking British military intervention against Persia.
Herat Occupation Triggers Anglo Persian War
The seizure of Herat by the Qajar government contributes directly to the Anglo Persian War.