1859 in History

France & Austria agree an armistice

France & Austria agree an armistice

The abolitionist, John Brown, captures the Government arsenal at Harpers Ferry

Tatya Tope is captured after betrayal by Man Singh of Narwar, ending his long guerrilla campaign.

Opens construction work at Port Said, beginning the excavation of the Suez Canal.

Allows construction to begin at Port Said under the Suez Canal Company concession.

Marx publishes a major preliminary treatment of commodities, money and production.

France declares war Austria

France declares war Austria

Dismisses Gyulai & assumes command of 160,000 against the Franco-Piedmontese

Cuza is elected Prince of Moldavia, advancing the unionist programme.

Cuza is elected Prince of Wallachia, creating a personal union of the principalities.

The First Hall Government ends in Copenhagen, concluding this term as Council President of Denmark.

Tatya Tope is executed at Shivpuri after capture, trial by military court, and conviction.

Federalist rebels proclaimed a new movement at Coro, beginning the Federal War.

Defeated by the French in Piedmonts attempt to gain Lombardy or Venetia & unite Italy

Defeated by the French in Piedmonts attempt to gain Lombardy or Venetia & unite Italy

Founds the Irish Republican Brotherhood

Lincoln visits Kansas Territory as a rising Republican speaker

Lincoln speaks at Leavenworth during his Kansas tour

Appointed Marshal after the Battle of Magenta

Prussia begins to mobilize against France

Opening of a German National Union formed by Bennigsen

Lincoln speaks in Columbus during the Ohio Republican campaign

Lincoln addresses Cincinnati Republicans and answers Southern criticism

Lincoln campaigns for Republican candidates during his Ohio speaking tour

Under the peace of Villafranca Venice remains Austrian. Under the peace of Villafranca Tuscany & Modena are to be restored. Under the peace of Villafranca Parma & Lombardy are ceded to France. The preliminary peace of Villafranca

The Treaty of Zurich confirms the peace of Villafranca

The peace of Villafranca is confirmed

Under the peace of Villafranca Parma & Lombardy are ceded to France

The Treaty of Zurich confirms the peace of Villafranca

Created Duke of Magenta, after the Battle of Magenta

Work starts on the shore of the future Port Said

Begins a one-year term as President of the Swiss Confederation.

Appointed Prime Minister of Great Britain, 2nd term

The Liberals have a majority in the Landtag & William dissolves it

Lord Derby resigns

Leads an Austrian force defeated by the French & Italians, forced to retire

Begins the Rotwitt Government in Copenhagen and serves as Council President of Denmark.

The Royal Albert Bridge passes its official Board of Trade inspection and load tests.

Prince Albert formally opens the Royal Albert Bridge, although illness prevents Brunel from attending.

Public railway services begin across the Royal Albert Bridge as the Cornwall Railway opens through Saltash.

A South Devon locomotive makes the first test crossing of Brunel's Royal Albert Bridge.

Under the peace of Villafranca Parma & Lombardy are ceded to France

Under the peace of Villafranca Parma & Lombardy are ceded to France

Under the peace of Villafranca Parma & Lombardy are ceded to France

Under the peace of Villafranca Parma & Lombardy are ceded to France

Under the peace of Villafranca Venice remains Austrian

French victory at Magenta is followed by the French liberation of Milan

French victory at Magenta is followed by the French liberation of Milan

Brunel suffers a severe stroke shortly before the first sea trials of SS Great Eastern.

Succeeds as King of Sweden

Work starts on the shore of the future Port Said. The excavation takes some 10 years using forced labor (corvee) of Egyptian workers, sources estimate that over 30,000 people were working on the canal at any given period, that more than 1.5 million people from various countries were employed, and that thousands of laborers died

Cobden & Napoleon agree the Treaty

Has a budget surplus & wishes to quell anti-French feeling

The Treaty of Zurich confirms the peace of Villafranca

The Treaty of Zurich confirms the peace of Villafranca

The Nationalverein unites a "Little Germany" under Prussian leadership

Defeated by the French in Piedmonts attempt to gain Lombardy or Venetia & unite Italy

Cuza's double election establishes the United Principalities under one ruler.

Lincoln speaks at the Wisconsin State Fair on labor and free society

Birth of Alexandru Averescu

Birth of Arthur Conan Doyle

Birth of George's Surat

Henri Bergson is born in Paris to a Polish father and an English mother.

Birth of Pierre Curie in Paris.

Birth of Victor Herbert

Death of Frederick John Robinson

Isambard Kingdom Brunel dies at the age of fifty-three after a career transforming railways, bridges, tunnels and ships.

Death of Oscar I

Results in a French-Sardinian victory under Napoleon III against the Austrians under Marshal Ferencz Gyulai. French victory at Magenta is followed by the French liberation of Milan

Leads an Austrian force defeated by the French & Italians, forced to retire

Transforms the battle into a French victory. MacMahon is created Duke of Magenta for his role in this battle, and later serves as President of the French Republic. French victory at Magenta is followed by the French liberation of Milan

Napoleon IIIs army crossed the Ticino River and outflanked the Austrian right forcing the Austrian army under General Gyulai to retreat

Saves the Austrian Army from a total rout by a rear guard action

The north Italian village of Solferino is captured by the French from the Austrians. The North Italian village of Solferino is captured by the French from Franz Josef. Dismisses Gyulai & assumes command of 160,000 against the Franco-Piedmontese. Defeated by the French in Piedmonts attempt to gain Lombardy or Venetia & unite Italy

The Austrians are defeated by the French & Sardinians

Wins a victory over the Austrians