1865 in History

The Thirteenth Amendment, abolishing slavery, is passed

Drafts an International address to United States President Andrew Johnson after the assassination of Abraham Lincoln.

Captured by the Union cavalry led by Benjamin Pritchard

Captures the defeated Confederates President Jefferson Davis

Assassinates President Lincoln by shooting him in the back at Fords Theatre

John Wilkes Booth enters the presidential box at Fords Theatre and shoots Lincoln during a performance of Our American Cousin

John Wilkes Booth shoots Lincoln at Fords Theatre

After being shot Lincoln is carried across the street to Petersen House where doctors attend him through the night

Members of the cabinet military officers and family gather at Lincolns bedside during his final hours

News of Lincolns death spreads across the United States triggering national mourning and memorial services

Vice President Andrew Johnson prepares to assume the presidency following Lincolns death

Publishes a statement explaining the causes of the break with the German newspaper Social-Demokrat.

Lincoln is buried in Springfield Illinois

Drafts resolutions for the International's Central Council concerning conflict in its Paris section.

The Thirteenth Amendment, abolishing slavery, is passed

Drafts a resolution calling for a general congress of the International Workingmen's Association in 1866.

Orders Paraguayan forces into Corrientes after Argentina refuses passage toward Uruguay.

Officially ends the civil war

The Second Bluhme Government ends in Copenhagen, concluding this term as Council President of Denmark.

Fire breaks causing considerable damage, the cause is never discovered

Begins the Frijs Government in Copenhagen and serves as Council President of Denmark.

Negotiates the Gastein Convention, temporarily dividing administration of the Elbe duchies.

Signs the convention as an interim settlement of Schleswig, Holstein, and Lauenburg.

Treats the Gastein arrangement as a temporary compromise rather than a final solution.

Confederate commissioners seek terms that might preserve Southern political authority after the war

Conference ends without agreement as Union leaders demand reunion and Confederate leaders reject surrender terms

Lincoln insists that restoration of the Union is required before any peace settlement can be made

Lincoln meets Confederate commissioners aboard the steamer River Queen to discuss possible peace terms

Lincoln meets Confederate representatives but no peace settlement is reached

Lincoln refuses to recognize Confederate independence during the peace conference

Leaves Biarritz believing France might remain neutral, although Napoleon gives no binding territorial commitment.

Participates in the London Conference of the International and its organisational deliberations.

Appointed Lord of the Bedchamber to the Prince of Wales from 1866 to 1885

Meets Napoleon III at Biarritz to test whether France would remain neutral in a Prussian-Austrian conflict.

Uses discussions with Napoleon III to reduce the risk of French intervention during a future German war.

Writes to J. B. Schweitzer assessing Proudhon's ideas and political significance.

Appointed President of Ecuador

Appointed acting President of Ecuador

Begins a one-year term as President of the Swiss Confederation.

Becomes provisional President after the Colorado victory over the government of Bernardo Berro

Lincoln begins his 2nd term as President of the United States

Appointed Prime Minister of Great Britain, 2nd term

Sits in the Lords while Gladstone leads the Government in the Commons

Koumoundouros begins his first premiership.

Permits non-Catholic religious worship within privately owned buildings.

Lee's surrender to Grant effectively ends the principal Confederate field army in Virginia.

The Army of Northern Virginia is removed from the war, ending major Confederate resistance in Virginia.

Huggins is elected a Fellow of the Royal Society

Accepts Austrian administration of Holstein while Prussia administers Schleswig under the convention.

Secures Prussian possession of Lauenburg after Austria transfers its rights for financial compensation.

Obtains administrative control of Schleswig while joint Austro-Prussian sovereignty formally continues.

Lincoln delivers his second inaugural address as victory over the Confederacy approaches

Lincoln speaks of reunion and reconstruction in his second inaugural address

Lincoln is inaugurated for his second presidential term

Lincoln begins his 2nd term as President of the United States

The Thirteenth Amendment, abolishing slavery, is passed

Robert E Lee surrenders to Ulysses S Grant at Appomattox Court House

General Lee surrenders to General Grant at Appomattox courthouse

The army of Northern Virginia, 29,000, are under Unionist control. General Lee surrenders to General Grant at Appomattox courthouse. Defeat ends the war in Virginia

Publishes The President of Mankind during his political work for the First International.

Lincoln appoints Hugh McCulloch as Secretary of the Treasury

Aligns Uruguay with Brazil and Argentina against Paraguay in the War of the Triple Alliance.

Marx presents an explanation of wages, value and profit to the International's General Council.

Commits Brazil to the alliance against Paraguay.

Leads Argentina into war after Paraguayan forces occupy Corrientes.

Birth of Albrecht of Wurttemberg

Death of Johann Franz Encke

Birth of Phillip Scheidemann

Birth of Warren Harding

Lincoln dies after being assassinated at Fords Theatre the previous night

Death of John Wilkes Booth, shot in a barn refusing to surrender

Pierre-Joseph Proudhon dies at Passy near Paris, aged fifty-six.

The remains of the Army of Northern Virginis are defeated

Suffers a major naval defeat that weakens Paraguay's river strategy.