1878
Acquisition of Dobruja
Romania receives most of northern Dobruja and territory toward the Danube delta as compensation for southern Bessarabia.
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Browse historical records dated to 1878. Records are rendered from the World History Database into this page's initial HTML.
Romania receives most of northern Dobruja and territory toward the Danube delta as compensation for southern Bessarabia.
Signs the supplementary agreement with Salisbury on the commission that will delimit the Alashkerd frontier.
Signs an agreement with Shuvalov providing for an Anglo-Russian-Ottoman commission to delimit the Alashkerd frontier.
Works with Count Shuvalov to settle major Anglo-Russian differences before and during the congress.
Negotiates directly with Salisbury to narrow British and Russian differences over the San Stefano settlement.
Undertakes to introduce reforms in Armenian-inhabited provinces and report their implementation to the Great Powers.
Defends Russian territorial gains in the Caucasus while accepting the return of Bayazid and Alashkerd to Turkey.
Uses the congress to expand Austro-Hungarian influence in the western Balkans while limiting Russian predominance.
Secures recognition of Russian possession of Batum under the Asian territorial settlement.
Accepts Russian possession of Batum after Russia declares its intention to make the port essentially commercial and free.
Accepts a treaty declaration that Batum is intended to become an essentially commercial free port.
Receives southern Bessarabia from Romania under the territorial provisions of the Treaty of Berlin.
Congress requires Treasury silver purchases while gold remains the principal redemption standard.
Accepts the congress decision permitting Austria-Hungary to occupy and administer Bosnia and Herzegovina.
Wins congressional approval for Habsburg occupation and civil administration of Bosnia and Herzegovina.
Supports Austro-Hungarian occupation of Bosnia and Herzegovina as part of the revised Balkan settlement.
Presides over agreement allowing Austria-Hungary to occupy and administer Bosnia and Herzegovina.
Helps prevent an Anglo-Russian confrontation by converting earlier bilateral compromises into the congress settlement.
Retains formal suzerainty over the autonomous Principality of Bulgaria created by the treaty.
Helps secure a compromise that replaces the large San Stefano Bulgaria with a smaller autonomous principality.
Helps negotiate Russian acceptance of a smaller Bulgaria north of the Balkan Mountains.
Accepts the reduction of the large Bulgaria established at San Stefano in return for international recognition of other Russian gains.
Supports reducing the Bulgarian state created at San Stefano to limit Russian influence in the Balkans.
Accepts a settlement preserving Ottoman suzerainty over an autonomous Bulgarian principality.
Russia captures Kars from the Ottoman Empire
Retains Kars, Ardahan and Batum as major Russian gains from the war with the Ottoman Empire.
Accepts the cession of Kars, Ardahan and Batum to Russia under the treaty's Asian settlement.
Joins the Ottoman delegation as ambassador at the German imperial court.
Serves as a Russian plenipotentiary at the Congress of Berlin.
Represents the Ottoman Empire at Berlin as a senior military plenipotentiary.
Serves with Disraeli and Salisbury in the British delegation to the Congress of Berlin.
The congress aims to revise the Treaty of San Stefano and keep Constantinople in Ottoman hands and disavow Russias victory over the decaying Ottoman Empire in the Russo-Turkish War, 1877-78
Opening day of the Congress of Berlin to resolve the "Eastern Question"
Faces the Congress of Berlin, which revises San Stefano, preserves Ottoman suzerainty over Bulgaria and Eastern Rumelia, and later requires Ottoman cessions to Russia in Asia.
Territory ceded by the Ottoman empire at San Stefano is returned
The Congress of Berlin confirms the independence of Serbia. The Congress of Berlin confirms the independence of Romania. The Congress of Berlin confirms the independence of Montenegro. The Congress of Berlin cedes Kars to Russia.
The Congress of Berlin promises Crete constitutional Government. The Congress of Berlin places Macedonia under Ottoman sovereignty. The Congress of Berlin places Bosnia-Hercegovina under Austro-Hungarian control. The Congress of Berlin creates a quasi-autonomous Ottoman province of Eastern Roumelia.
The Congress of Berlin recognizes the independence of Bulgaria
Returns home claiming, "peace with honour"
Opening day of the Congress of Berlin to resolve the "Eastern Question"
The Congress of Berlin redistributes back to the Ottoman Empire certain Bulgarian territories that the previous Treaty had given to the Principality of Bulgaria, most notably Macedonia.
The congress aims to revise the Treaty of San Stefano and keep Constantinople in Ottoman hands and disavow Russia's victory over the decaying Ottoman Empire in the Russo-Turkish War, 1877-78.
The congress revises or eliminates 18 of the 29 articles in the Treaty of San Stefano using as a foundation the treaties of Paris (1856) and London (1871).
The meetings are held at Chancellor Bismarck's residence, the Reichskanzlei (Chancellery), the former Radziwill Palace, from June 13, 1878 until July 13, 1878.
Closing day of the Congress of Berlin
The Congress of Berlin recognizes the Independence of Romania
The Congress of Berlin awards Cyprus to Britain. Returns home claiming, "peace with honour". Disraeli signs a Treaty, 1st time the title "Prime Minister" is officially used
Represents Germany at the Congress of Berlin
Opens the Congress of Berlin as host and presiding statesman for the negotiations.
The Congress of Berlin promises Crete constitutional Government
Retains direct political and military authority over Eastern Rumelia while accepting its administrative autonomy.
Accepts creation of Eastern Rumelia as an autonomous Ottoman province south of the new Bulgarian principality.
Accepts the creation of Eastern Rumelia as an autonomous province remaining under the Sultan's direct political and military authority.
The First Jules Malou Government ends in Brussels, concluding this period as head of the Belgian government.
Uses the congress to revise San Stefano while trying to prevent a wider conflict between Russia and Britain.
Forms a cabinet under European financial pressure and becomes Egypt's first modern Prime Minister.
Leads the French delegation when the Congress of Berlin begins.
Joins the other Great Powers in reserving the right to mediate between Greece and the Ottoman Empire.
Supports provisions allowing the Great Powers to mediate if Greece and the Ottoman Empire cannot agree on frontier changes.
Supports a treaty mechanism for Great Power mediation over a possible Greek-Ottoman frontier rectification.
Presents Germany as an intermediary between the competing Russian, British, Austro-Hungarian and Ottoman interests.
The Congress of Berlin recognizes the independence of Bulgaria
Independence of Serbia, Bulgaria & Romania is recognized by the Treaty of San Stefano
Independence of Serbia, Bulgaria & Romania is recognized by the Treaty of San Stefano
The Congress of Berlin confirms the independence of Serbia. The Congress of Berlin confirms the independence of Romania. The Congress of Berlin confirms the independence of Montenegro
The Congress of Berlin confirms the independence of Serbia. The Congress of Berlin confirms the independence of Romania. The Congress of Berlin confirms the independence of Montenegro
Watches a demonstration of the telephone
Gains responsibility for Austria-Hungary to carry out navigation works at the Iron Gates and Danube cataracts.
Represents Italy as foreign minister at the opening of the Congress of Berlin.
Secures international recognition of Russian possession of Kars and Ardahan in the Caucasus.
Moderates his struggle with the Catholic Church and in the wake of Pius IXs death on February 7, 1878, reconciled with the new Pope, Leo XIII, lifting some sanctions
Receives a substantially enlarged territory under the new frontier defined by the Berlin settlement.
Returns to power advocating tariffs, railways and western settlement.
Receives complete freedom of navigation on the Boyana while accepting limits on fortification and warships.
Obtains the right for Austria-Hungary to station garrisons and maintain military and commercial roads in the Sanjak of Novi Pazar.
Helps shape the compromise that leaves Kars, Ardahan and Batum to Russia but restores Bayazid and Alashkerd to the Ottoman Empire.
Serves as a senior Ottoman plenipotentiary defending the empire's interests at the Congress of Berlin.
Gains access to the Adriatic through Antivari, although the treaty imposes restrictions on naval use and coastal fortifications.
Becomes president amid continuing factional struggles after the war.
Begins a one-year term as President of the Swiss Confederation.
Appointed President of Venezuela
Appointed Prime Minister of the Cape Colony, 1st term
Announces at Berlin that the Sultan has ratified the treaty and considers it valid from the date of the ratification meeting.
Represents Britain when the principal instruments of ratification are exchanged in Berlin.
Bratianu's government secures international recognition of Romanian independence through the Berlin settlement.
Romanian independence receives international recognition under the Treaty of Berlin, subject to treaty conditions.
The treaty gives international recognition to Montenegro's independence.
The Treaty of Berlin recognizes the independence of Serbia from the Ottoman Empire.
Accepts a much smaller Bulgarian principality than Russia had obtained under the Treaty of San Stefano.
Serbian independence is accompanied by guarantees that religious differences cannot restrict civil or political rights.
Romanian independence is tied to guarantees that religious differences will not exclude people from civil and political rights.
Accepts treaty provisions requiring broad religious liberty and equal civil access regardless of religion in the Ottoman Empire.
Supports treaty guarantees of religious liberty and the continued protection of established French rights in the Holy Places.
Returns to Britain presenting the Berlin settlement as a diplomatic success that preserved the European balance.
Accepts restoration of Bayazid and the Alashkerd valley to the Ottoman Empire.
The Congress of Berlin cedes Batum to Russia
The Congress of Berlin places Bosnia-Hercegovina under Austro-Hungarian control
The Congress of Berlin promises Crete constitutional Government
The Congress of Berlin cedes Cyprus to Britain
Disraeli signs a Treaty, 1st time the title "Prime Minister" is officially used
The Congress of Berlin cedes Kars to Russia
The Congress of Berlin places Macedonia under Ottoman sovereignty
The Congress of Berlin creates a quasi-autonomous Ottoman province of Eastern Roumelia
Accepts Russian possession of Kars, Ardahan and Batum while opposing wider Russian expansion in Ottoman Asia.
Leads the Russian delegation seeking to preserve as much as possible of the San Stefano settlement.
Begins the Second Frere-Orban Government in Brussels and serves as head of the Belgian government.
Serbia receives additional territory, including districts around Nis, under the Berlin settlement.
Romania is required to restore southern Bessarabia to Russia despite objections from the Romanian government.
Accepts the settlement restoring southern Bessarabia from Romania to Russia.
Succeeds as King of Italy
Participates in negotiations that restore some San Stefano territories to Ottoman control while confirming major losses elsewhere.
Presides over the settlement that recognizes Romanian, Serbian and Montenegrin independence, reduces Bulgaria from the San Stefano settlement, and transfers southern Bessarabia to Russia.
Signs the Treaty of Berlin as British prime minister and First Lord of the Treasury.
Turkey capitulates & signs the Treaty of San Stefano with Russia. Independence of Serbia, Bulgaria & Romania is recognized by the Treaty of San Stefano
The Treaty of San Stefano ends the war and creates a large autonomous Bulgaria while recognising the independence of Serbia, Montenegro, and Romania.
The congress revisedsor eliminates 18 of the 29 articles in the Treaty of San Stefano using as a foundation the treaties of Paris (1856) and London (1871)
Through the Treaty of San Stefano, the Russians, led by Chancellor Alexander Gorchakov, creating the Bulgarian autonomous principality under Ottoman Empires nominal rule
Negotiates the Treaty of San Stefano creating independent states of Bulgaria & Serbia
Ratifies the Treaty of Berlin after the Ottoman delegation accepts the revised postwar settlement.
Signs the Treaty of Berlin as the leading Austro-Hungarian plenipotentiary.
Signs the Berlin settlement on behalf of the Ottoman Empire.
Signs the final Treaty of Berlin after a month of negotiations among the Great Powers.
Formally accepts the negotiated settlement as a member of the Ottoman delegation.
Signs the Treaty of Berlin as Italy's senior plenipotentiary.
Adds his seal to the final settlement as a Russian plenipotentiary based at the German imperial court.
Signs the Treaty of Berlin for Great Britain alongside Salisbury and Odo Russell.
Signs the final settlement as Britain's foreign secretary.
Signs the Treaty of Berlin for the Russian Empire.
Signs the Treaty of Berlin as one of the Ottoman representatives.
Signs the Treaty of Berlin as Britain's ambassador at the German imperial court.
Signs the final Berlin settlement as one of Russia's three plenipotentiaries.
Signs the Berlin settlement on behalf of the French Republic.
Birth of Frederick Arthur Stanley
Birth of George Clarke Simpson
Birth of Gustav Streseman, son of an innkeeper
Born into the samurai family of the Tosa Clan
Birth of Werner von Blomberg
Birth of William Aberhart
Death of Jean-Jacob Fazy
Provenance
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