President of Switzerland
Begins a one-year term as President of the Swiss Confederation.
Historical events in 1899
233 historical records
January 18995 historical events
Anglo-Egyptian Sudan
Approves the condominium agreement establishing joint British-Egyptian authority over Sudan.
Jules Vandenpeereboom Government
Begins the Jules Vandenpeereboom Government in Brussels and serves as head of the Belgian government.
First de Smet de Naeyer Government
The First de Smet de Naeyer Government ends in Brussels, concluding this period as head of the Belgian government.
Birth of Paul Henri-Charles Spaak
Birth of Paul Henri-Charles Spaak
February 18995 historical events
Death of Georg Leo von Caprivi
Death of Georg Leo von Caprivi
Southern Cross Expedition
Cape Adare is sighted
1st Antarctic Shore Base
Sets up the first ever shore base on the Antarctic continent, in the midst of a penguin colony, named "Camp Ridley" in honour of Borchgrevinks mother
Southern Cross Expedition
Unloading began on 17 February. First ashore were the 75 dogs, with their two Sami handlers, who remained with them and thus became the first men to spend a night on the Antarctic continent. Sets up the first ever shore base on the Antarctic continent, in the midst of a penguin colony, named "Camp Ridley" in honour of Borchgrevinks mother. Borchgrevink reaches Cape Adare
Birth of Erich Kastner
Birth of Erich Kastner, writer of childrens books
March 18999 historical events
Camp Ridley
By 2 March the base, christened "Camp Ridley" after Borchgrevinks English mothers maiden name, was fully established, and the Duke of Yorks flag raised
Southern Cross Expedition
Establishes the Southern Cross Expedition base at Cape Adare, the first overwintering base on the Antarctic mainland
Southern Cross Expedition
The Southern Cross departs for New Zealand to winter there, leaving a shore party of 10 with their provisions, equipment and 70 dogs. By 2 March the base, christened "Camp Ridley" after Borchgrevinks English mothers maiden name, was fully established, and the Duke of Yorks flag raised
Prime Minister of Spain
Appointed Prime Minister of Spain
Civil Rights
Advised by Joseph Chamberlain to give civil rights to Uitlanders, in the Transvaal
Reform of Civil Rights
Advised by Joseph Chamberlain to give civil rights to Uitlanders, in the Transvaal
French Acceptance of Congo-Nile Boundary
Accepts the agreement with Britain defining French and British spheres between the Congo and Nile basins.
Anglo-French Congo-Nile Boundary Settlement
Concludes an Anglo-French agreement defining spheres of influence between the Nile and Congo basins after the Fashoda crisis.
Resignation of Winston Leonard Spencer Churchill
Resigns his commission & leaves India
April 18994 historical events
Federal War
Pando's Liberal forces defeat the constitutional government during the Federal War.
Symphony No 1 Premiere
Conducts the first performance of the original version of Symphony No 1 in Helsinki.
First Car Above 100 Kilometres Per Hour
Sets a landmark land-speed record using a streamlined battery-powered vehicle.
La Jamais Contente
Drives an electric car beyond one hundred kilometres per hour.
May 18996 historical events
Battle of Talana Hill
Buller drives away the Boers from Dundee
Battle of Talana Hill
Buller drives away the Boers from Glencoe
Conference of Hague
The First Hague Peace Conference opened in The Netherlands as 26 nations meet on World Goodwill Day, the destruction or seizure of enemy property with no military value is banned at the convention
First Hague Peace Conference
The First Hague Peace Conference opened in The Netherlands as 26 nations meet on World Goodwill Day, the destruction or seizure of enemy property with no military value is banned at the convention
Bloemfontein Conference
Fails to settle the franchise dispute with Kruger.
Bloemfontein Conference
Resists British demands over uitlander rights.
June 18995 historical events
BNAE
The British National Antarctic Expedition, later known as the Discovery Expedition, was a joint enterprise of the RGS and the Royal Society
Discovery Expedition
The British National Antarctic Expedition, later known as the Discovery Expedition, was a joint enterprise of the RGS and the Royal Society. Scott appears at the Markham residence and volunteered to lead the Discovery Expedition
National Antarctic Expedition
The British National Antarctic Expedition, later known as the Discovery Expedition, was a joint enterprise of the RGS and the Royal Society
Royal Society
The British National Antarctic Expedition, later known as the Discovery Expedition, was a joint enterprise of the RGS and the Royal Society
Party Leader
Regarded as a temporary leader until the return of Lord Rosebery. Appointed Party Leader of the Liberal Party
July 18993 historical events
Mediterranean Fleet Command Assumed
Fisher becomes Commander-in-Chief of the Mediterranean Fleet.
Election
Fails in his first attempt to be elected to Parliament, defeated by 1,300
Indian Gold Standard Recommendation
The British government accepts the Fowler Committee's recommendation that India adopt a gold-based monetary system with the rupee fixed at 1 shilling and 4 pence.
August 18992 historical events
Jules Vandenpeereboom Government
The Jules Vandenpeereboom Government ends in Brussels, concluding this period as head of the Belgian government.
Second de Smet de Naeyer Government
Begins the Second de Smet de Naeyer Government in Brussels and serves as head of the Belgian government.
September 18993 historical events
Statue
A statue in honour of Cromwell is unveiled opposite the Houses of Parliament
Trial
Found guilty for a 2nd time, the court martial is commuted to 10 yrs imprisonment
Pardon
The Council of Minister's give Dreyfuss a full pardon
October 189945 historical events
Deputy Assistant Adjutant-General for Intelligence
Appointed Deputy Assistant Adjutant-General for Intelligence
Ultimatum Crisis
Rejects Boer demands before war begins.
Deputy Assistant Adjutant-General for Intelligence
Appointed Deputy Assistant Adjutant-General for Intelligence
Boer Ultimatum
Issues an ultimatum demanding withdrawal of British troops.
Declaration of War
The Boers resent the policy of Chamberlain which deprives Transvaal of independence
Independence of South Africa
The Boers resent the policy of Chamberlain which deprives Transvaal of independence
Independence of Transvaal
The Boers resent the policy of Chamberlain which deprives Transvaal of independence
Declaration of War
The Boer republics declare war after Britain rejects their ultimatum.
Declaration of War
Joins the Transvaal in war against Britain.
Battle of Laings Nek
Forced back by a Boer force led by Transvaal General Joubert
Siege of Mafeking
Defends Mafeking during the Boer siege.
Siege of Mafeking
Mafeking is besieged until British relief arrives in May 1900.
Siege of Mafeking
Begins the siege of Mafeking.
Commander in Chief
Sets sail in the Dunnotar Castle for South Africa
War Correspondent
Leaves on the Dunnotar Castle for South Africa as a War Correspondent for the Daily Mail
Siege of Mafeking
Mafeking is besieged until British relief arrives in May 1900.
Armoured Train Relief Sortie
FitzClarence leads a successful sortie from Mafeking to assist an armoured train attacked by Boer forces.
Commander in Chief
Sets sail in the Dunnotar Castle for South Africa
Siege of Kimberley
Rhodes remains inside Kimberley during the siege and uses De Beers resources to assist the town's defence.
Siege of Kimberley
Kekewich commands the garrison as Boer forces cut Kimberley off from the surrounding territory.
Battle of Talana Hill
Forced back by a Boer force led by Transvaal General Joubert
Battle of Talana Hill
British forces win tactically but withdraw toward Ladysmith.
Battle of Talana Hill
Symons leads the British attack at Talana Hill and is mortally wounded during the fighting.
Battle of Talana Hill
Commands Boer forces at Talana Hill.
Battle of Elandslaagte
Forced back by a Boer force led by Transvaal General Joubert
Battle of Elandslaagte
Fights at the Battle of Elandslaagte
Battle of Elandslaagte
Helps defeat Boer forces at Elandslaagte.
Battle of Elandslaagte
French wins cavalry reputation before becoming Earl of Ypres.
Battle of Elandslaagte
Hamilton helps direct the British infantry attack that defeats the Boer force at Elandslaagte.
Battle of Elandslaagte
Is mortally wounded after defeat at Elandslaagte.
Withdrawal from Dundee
Yule assumes command after Symons is wounded and begins withdrawing the Dundee force toward Ladysmith.
President of Venezuela
Appointed President of Venezuela after the Liberal Restoration Revolution
Death from Talana Hill Wounds
Symons dies from wounds received while commanding British forces at the Battle of Talana Hill.
Restorative Liberal Revolution
Cipriano Castro entered Caracas after the Restorative Liberal Revolution and took control of the government.
Battle of Rietfontein
White attacks Boer positions at Rietfontein to protect Yule's withdrawing column from Dundee.
Battle of Rietfontein
De Wet serves with the Free State forces opposing White's British column during the fighting at Rietfontein.
Night Attack on Boer Positions
FitzClarence leads a night attack against Boer positions outside Mafeking and drives the action at close range.
South African War
Approves Canadian volunteers for the South African War.
Battle of Nicholsons Nek
Forced back by a Boer force led by Transvaal General Joubert
Battle of Nicholson's Nek
Suffers a serious reverse outside Ladysmith.
Battle of Ladysmith
White directs British forces in the unsuccessful fighting around Ladysmith before the siege closes in.
Battle of Nicholson's Nek
Takes part in the Boer victory near Ladysmith.
Conversion Law
Law 3871 restores gold conversion through the Caja de Conversion at a new parity of 2.2727 paper pesos for one gold peso.
Boer War Service Begins
Enters active campaigning despite having opposed the war.
Vryheid Commando Service
Joins the Vryheid commando when war begins.
November 189926 historical events
Siege of Ladysmith
Takes part in operations around the siege and relief of Ladysmith.
Siege of Ladysmith
Takes part in operations around the siege and relief of Ladysmith.
Siege of Ladysmith
Takes part in operations around the siege and relief of Ladysmith.
Siege of Ladysmith
Is besieged in Ladysmith by Boer forces.
Evacuation from Ladysmith
French leaves Ladysmith by rail shortly before the Boer siege completely isolates the town.
Siege of Ladysmith
Directs Boer operations around Ladysmith.
Press Celebrations Music Premiere
Conducts the first performance of the Press Celebrations Music in Helsinki.
Surrender Demand Rejected
Kekewich rejects a Boer demand to surrender before the bombardment of Kimberley intensifies.
Siege of Kimberley
Takes part in operations leading to the relief of Kimberley.
Arrest of Winston Leonard Spencer Churchill
Leaves Escourt in a train commanded by Captain Haldane to explore Boer positions
Armoured Train Ambush
Haldane commands the troops aboard the armoured train ambushed and derailed near Chieveley.
Armoured Train Ambush
Is captured after an armoured train is derailed.
Siege Command at Mafeking
Snyman assumes command of the Boer forces maintaining the siege of Mafeking after Cronje departs.
Mafeking Command Transfer
Cronje leaves the Mafeking siege area, after which local command passes to General Snyman.
Battle of Willow Grange
Kitchener commands the British force that attacks Boer positions at Willow Grange and is forced to withdraw.
Battle of Belmont
Methuen defeats Boer positions at Belmont during the advance intended to relieve Kimberley.
Battle of Willow Grange
Joubert's Boer forces repel the British attack at Willow Grange before ending their advance into southern Natal.
Battle of Graspan
Methuen continues the Kimberley relief advance and defeats Boer forces at Graspan.
Battle of Modder River
Takes part in operations leading to the relief of Kimberley.
Siege of Kimberley
Takes part in operations leading to the relief of Kimberley.
Battle of Modder River
Fights through Boer resistance near the Modder River.
Battle of Modder River
Takes part in operations leading to the relief of Kimberley.
Siege of Kimberley
Takes part in operations leading to the relief of Kimberley.
Battle of Modder River
Takes part in operations leading to the relief of Kimberley.
Battle of Modder River
Delays Methuen's advance toward Kimberley.
Arrest of Winston Leonard Spencer Churchill
Arrested, asked to be released because he is a correspondent but refused
December 189940 historical events
Birth of John Barbirolli
Birth of John Barbirolli
Boxer Suppression
Replaces Yuxian and moves against Boxers in Shandong.
Battle of Stormberg
The British are defeated by the Boers
Battle of Stormberg
Gatacres forces are weakened after a Boer ambush
Battle of Stormberg
Suffers severe losses against the Boers in an ambush 70 miles from Queenstown
Battle of Stormberg
Suffers defeat during Black Week.
Battle of Stormberg
Helps defeat Gatacre's column.
Battle of Magersfontein
The British are defeated by the Boers
Battle of Magersfontein
Cronje inflicts heavy losses on the British under Methuen
Battle of Magersfontein
Is defeated while trying to relieve Kimberley.
Battle of Magersfontein
Wauchope is killed while leading the Highland Brigade during the failed British assault at Magersfontein.
Battle of Magersfontein
Cronje inflicts heavy losses on the British under Methuen
Battle of Magersfontein
Near the Modder River, a Boer victory over the British under Methuen
Battle of Magersfontein
Is forced to retreat before the superior forces of Lord Roberts
Battle of Magersfontein
Defeats Methuen's attack at Magersfontein.
Arrest of Winston Leonard Spencer Churchill
Makes a dramatic escape from the Boers which reaches the world's headlines
Arrest of Winston Leonard Spencer Churchill
The Boers offer 25 pounds for Churchill dead or alive
Bounty
The Boers offer 25 pounds for Churchill dead or alive
Escape from Pretoria
Escapes from Boer captivity and reaches safety.
Battle of Colenso
The British are defeated by the Boers
Battle of Colenso
Congreve crosses exposed ground under heavy fire while helping to recover guns and wounded men at Colenso.
Battle of Colenso
Long places his field batteries dangerously close to the Boer line, where intense fire forces the crews away from their guns.
Battle of Colenso
Nurse helps save two guns under sustained Boer fire and receives the Victoria Cross for his actions.
Battle of Colenso
Is defeated during the attempt to relieve Ladysmith.
Battle of Colenso
Clery issues the formal movement orders for the British attack intended to force a crossing of the Tugela at Colenso.
Battle of Colenso
Roberts helps recover artillery under heavy Boer fire at Colenso and is mortally wounded during the attempt.
Battle of Colenso
Schofield helps bring two field guns out of action under intense Boer fire at Colenso.
Battle of Colenso
Babtie treats wounded gunners under heavy fire at Colenso and is wounded while carrying out his medical duties.
Battle of Colenso
British defeats during Black Week expose early military failure.
Siege of Ladysmith
Takes part in operations around the siege and relief of Ladysmith.
Battle of Colenso
Commands Boer forces contributing to the victory at Colenso.
Battle of Colenso
Defeats Buller's army at Colenso.
British Advance Repulsed
Helps defeat Buller's attempt to relieve Ladysmith.
Arrest of Winston Leonard Spencer Churchill
Reaches Durban and describes his escape to an enthusiastic crowd
Escape of Churchill
British defeats during Black Week expose early military failure.
Battle of Game Tree
FitzClarence is wounded during the unsuccessful British attack on Boer positions at Game Tree near Mafeking.
Battle of Game Tree
Martineau rescues a wounded comrade near the Boer trenches despite being wounded repeatedly during the withdrawal.
Missionary Killing
Is killed by Boxers, intensifying foreign alarm.
South Africa Staff Appointment
Joins Lord Roberts in South Africa as chief of staff after the early British defeats.
Promotion to Captain
Carden is promoted to captain in December 1899, correcting the supplied 1887 captain date.
Liberal Guerrilla Leader
Thousand Days War begins in Colombia and destabilizes Panama
Ambassador
Appointed Ambassador in Saint Petersburg
Freud develops his first topology of the psyche
Freud develops his first topology of the psyche in The Interpretation of Dreams
Psychoanalysis
Freud develops his first topology of the psyche in The Interpretation of Dreams in which he proposed that the unconscious exists and described a method for gaining access to it
Unconscious Mind
Proposes that the unconscious mind exists and describes a method for gaining access into it
Seat of Government
Pando's victory establishes La Paz as the permanent seat of executive government.
Abrazo del Estrecho
Meets the Argentine president in the Strait of Magellan as a public symbol of reconciliation during boundary tensions.
Boxer Mobilization
Organises Boxer fighters in western Shandong.
Boxer Suppression Refused
Fails to suppress Boxer attacks on Christians in Shandong.
Reform of Armed Forces
With the approval of Empress Dowager, Ronglu began to build the first modern infantry military force of the Manchu Empire
Nocturnes
Composes, "Nocturnes"
Actinium
Discovers actinium while working in the Curie research circle.
Phantasus
Publication of "Phantasus"
Romisches Starfrecht
Publication of "Romisches Starfrecht"
President of Germany
Appointed President of the Province of Brandenburg
Peerage
Created Count Bulow
Doctorate at Marburg
Cassirer completes his doctorate at the University of Marburg.
Member of Parliament
Elected Member of Parliament, Prussia
Cathode-Ray Absorption Studies
Studies how cathode rays penetrate matter and helps establish their particle-like behaviour.
Leipzig Physics Chair
Becomes professor of physics at Leipzig University and directs its physical institute.
Commander of East Asia Squadron
Appointed Commander of the East Asia Squadron
East Asia Squadron
Appointed Commander of the East Asia Squadron
MacMilans Magazine
Publication of "Savrola", serialised in "MacMilans Magazine" for a fee of 100 pounds
Savrola", serialised in "MacMilans Magazine
Publication of "Savrola", serialised in "MacMilans Magazine" for a fee of 100 pounds
Savrola
Publication of "Savrola", serialised in "MacMilans Magazine" for a fee of 100 pounds
Tower of Varieties
The entertainment venue later known as Birmingham Hippodrome opens to audiences.
Viceroy
Appointed Viceroy of India
Indian Currency Committee
The Fowler Committee recommends a gold-based monetary system for British India.
The River War Published
Churchill published The River War, a history of the Sudan campaign that combined narrative with political criticism.
Amalgamated Society of Railway Servants
A Doncaster member of the Amalgamated Society of Railway Servants proposes that the Trade Union Congress call a special conference to bring together all the left-wing organisations into a single body
Labour Party
A Doncaster member of the Amalgamated Society of Railway Servants proposes that the Trade Union Congress call a special conference to bring together all the left-wing organisations into a single body
Labour Party
Proposes to his union branch that the Trade Union Congress call a special conference to bring together left-wing organisations into a single body
Liberal Imperialist Alignment
Joins Liberal Imperialists favouring the war and a more assertive foreign policy.
Liberal Imperialists
Joins the Liberal Imperialists who favor the war & a more aggressive foreign policy
Chief Whip
Appointed Chief Liberal Whip
Retirement from Glasgow Chair
Retires from the Chair of Natural Philosophy after fifty-three years.
Copley Medal
Awarded the Copley Medal
Fourth League Title
Garraty contributes to the team that secures Villa's fourth league championship.
FA Cup Final Scoring Contribution
Priest featured in Sheffield United's attack as the Blades overwhelmed Derby County to win their first FA Cup.
First Sheffield United FA Cup Win
Foulke kept goal as Sheffield United defeated Derby County 4-1 in the FA Cup final, strengthening his reputation as a formidable goalkeeper.
Fourth League Championship
Ramsay's team secures a fourth league championship in the 1898/99 season.
Siege of Ladysmith
Takes part in operations around the siege and relief of Ladysmith.
Chief of Staff
Appointed Chief of Staff in Natal during the 2nd Boer War
Commander in Chief
Appointed Commander in Chief in South Africa
Arrest of Winston Leonard Spencer Churchill
Taken prisoner by the Boers after the derailment of his armoured train near Colenso
Battle of Spion Kop
Takes part in the Battle of Spion Kop
Morning Post
Appointed War correspondent in South Africa for The Morning Post
War Correspondent
Goes to South Africa as a military correspondent for the Daily Telegraph. Appointed War correspondent in South Africa for The Morning Post
Major General
Appointed Major General
Commander in Chief
Appointed Commander in Chief in South Africa
Major
Appointed Major
Natal Indian Congress Party
At the onset of the South African War, Gandhi argues that Indians must support the war effort in order to legitimize their claims to full citizenship, organizing a volunteer ambulance corps of 300 free Indians and 800 indentured labourers
Discovery of North Pole
Luigi Amedeo organizes an expedition towards the North Pole
Minister of Treasury
Appointed Minister in the Treasury
Minister of Great Britain
Appointed Minister to Britain
Birth of Hiroaki Abe
Birth of Hiroaki Abe
Discovery of Duke of York Island
Discovery of Duke of York Island, named after the expeditions patron
Overwintering
Leads the first expedition party to winter on the Antarctic mainland
Southern Cross Expedition
Discovery of Duke of York Island, named after the expeditions patron
Birth of Carlos Pena Romulo
Birth of Carlos Pena Romulo
Birth of Vladimir Nabokov
Birth of Vladimir Nabokov
Secretary of State
Appointed Secretary of State for Finland
Industrial Growth
Industrial production rises under his finance ministry.
Polytechnical Institute
Supports creation of the Saint Petersburg Polytechnical Institute.
Economism Debate
Economist currents provoke disputes over political and trade-union struggle.
Orthodox Marxism
Defends orthodox Marxist politics against economism.
The Development of Capitalism in Russia
Publishes The Development of Capitalism in Russia under the name Vladimir Ilyin.
Conference of Hague
Calls for a disarment conference at the Hague
Commander of Boer Army
Appointed 2nd-in-Command of the Boer army under General Smuts
Commander of Transvaal Army
Appointed Commander of the Transvaal Army
Commander of Boer Army
Appointed 2nd-in-Command of the Boer army under General Smuts
Minister of Interior
Appointed Minister of the Interior
Nationalrat-Motta
Appointed Member of Nationalrat
Birth of Adnan Menderes
Birth of Adnan Menderes
Secretary of State for War and the Colonies
Appointed Secretary of State for War
When the Sleeper Wakes
Wells published When the Sleeper Wakes, imagining a dystopian future society.
Tales of Space and Time
Wells published Tales of Space and Time, collecting science fiction stories.
Studies at Liverpool University College
Strachey attended University College Liverpool before continuing his studies in Cambridge.
Anglo Kuwaiti Agreement Signed
Mubarak Al Sabah signs a secret agreement placing restrictions on Kuwait's foreign relations in exchange for British protection.
Kuwait Secures British Protection
Mubarak's agreement strengthens Kuwait's autonomy from external regional powers while constraining independent diplomacy.