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Browse historical records dated to 1900. Records are rendered from the World History Database into this page's initial HTML.
Instead of returning home the Southern Cross sailed south to the Great Ice Barrier, Ross had been unable to mke a landing so Borchgrevink discovered an inlet in the Barrier edge, the "Bay of Whales", Borchgrevink, William Colbeck and Per Savio make the first landing on the Barrier and travelled 10 miles (16 km) south to set a new Farthest South record at 78 degrees 50S
Howse rides into heavy fire to rescue a wounded bugler and later receives the Victoria Cross for the action.
Bisdee rides back under fire at Warm Bad to assist wounded men and later receives the Victoria Cross.
Wylly rescues a wounded comrade under close Boer fire at Warm Bad and later receives the Victoria Cross.
Richardson rides back under close rifle fire to rescue a wounded Canadian whose horse has been shot.
Is appointed commander of the international expeditionary force.
Proclaims the annexation of the Transvaal.
Opposes the court's drift toward war with foreigners.
Urges the court not to declare war on the powers.
Appointed to resolve conflicts between Germans & Czechs in Austria
Arrested and held at St Helena until the end of the war
Arrives after Beijing has already been relieved.
Arrives to replace Buller as senior British commander.
The German envoy, Klemens Freiherr von Ketteler was murdered on 20 June, and the foreign powers immediately demanded redress
Since Kaiser Wilhelm IIs minister to China, Baron Clemens von Ketteler, was murdered by the Boxers, the Germans "claimed a certain priority in the crusade against Chinese barbarism". Murdered by a mob in response to the Allied Siege of the legations in Peking
Umberto I is assassinated
Eloff leads a bold assault into Mafeking and penetrates part of the defended town.
Supports Roberts's advance and occupation of Bloemfontein as British momentum improves.
Organises Boxer groups around Tianjin.
The court moves toward open support for anti-foreign forces.
China is fined war reparations of 450,000,000 taels of fine silver (1 tael = 1.2 troy ounces) for the loss that it caused
China paid 668,661,220 taels of silver from 1901 to 1939, equivalent in 2010 to ~US$61 billion on a purchasing power parity basis.
The Boxer Protocol of 7 September 1901 ended the uprising and provided for severe punishments, including an indemnity of 67 million pounds (450 million taels of silver), more than the Governments annual tax revenue.
The protocol orders the execution of 10 high-ranking officials linked to the outbreak and other officials who were found guilty for the slaughter of Westerners in China.
The reparation would be paid within 39 years, and would be 982,238,150 taels with interests (4 percent per year) included.
The Boxer Protocol of 7 September 1901 provided for the execution of Government officials who had supported the Boxers, provisions for foreign troops to be stationed in Beijing, and 450 million taels of silver—more than the Government's annual tax revenue—to be paid as indemnity over the course of the next thirty-nine years to the eight nations involved
Hunter receives the mass surrender of Boer forces trapped in the Brandwater Basin.
Prinsloo surrenders his surrounded Free State force to Hunter in the Brandwater Basin.
Occupies the Transvaal capital after Boer forces withdraw.
Eloff's raiding force is isolated inside Mafeking and he is compelled to surrender to the defenders.
Hore is captured during Eloff's penetration of Mafeking before the attacking Boer force is itself surrounded.
British troops are among the first to reach the legations.
Allied forces enter Beijing and relieve the legations.
The Eight-Nation Alliance, after being initially turned back, brought 20,000 armed troops to China, defeated the Imperial Army, and captured Beijing on August 14, lifting the siege of the Legations
British forces occupy the Orange Free State and rename it the Orange River Colony.
Occupies the Orange Free State capital.
Johannesburg falls to the British
British troops occupy Johannesburg.
British forces occupy the Orange Free State and rename it the Orange River Colony.
British forces occupy the Orange Free State and rename it the Orange River Colony.
The siege was raised when the Eight-Nation Alliance brought 20,000 armed troops to China, defeated the Imperial Army, and captured Beijing
Beijing, Tianjin, and other cities in northern China were occupied for more than one year by the international expeditionary force under the command of German General Alfred Graf von Waldersee
British troops enter Pretoria during Roberts's advance.
British troops enter Pretoria during Roberts's advance.
Enters Pretoria with British forces during the main advance.
British troops enter the Transvaal capital.
Captures Spion Kop
Russian naval forces participate in the attack on Taku.
Supports allied operations against the Taku Forts.
Helps capture the Taku Forts at the Peiho mouth.
Takes part in allied naval operations at Taku.
Distinguishes himself during the Taku Forts operation.
Takes part in the capture of the Taku Forts.
German naval forces support the capture of Taku.
The Allies capture Tientsin. Beijing, Tianjin, and other cities in northern China were occupied for more than one year by the international expeditionary force under the command of German General Alfred Graf von Waldersee
Roberts formally proclaims the annexation of the Transvaal
Roberts formally proclaims the annexation of the Transvaal
Captures the Boer Republic
Annexation of the Transvaal is announced
Serves as Roberts's chief of staff.
Supports French participation in the allied settlement.
Backs British participation in the allied intervention.
Sends American forces to join the relief expedition.
Schoeman takes part in Boer counterattacks that check British pressure around Colesberg.
French presses Boer positions around Colesberg with mobile cavalry tactics intended to threaten their flanks.
Assumes leadership of the Transvaal forces after Piet Joubert's death.
Becomes the principal Transvaal commander during the remaining war.
Succeeds Roberts as commander in chief in South Africa.
Succeeds Roberts as commander in chief in South Africa.
Assents to the Australia Federation Bill, creates the Commonwealth of Australia
Assents to the Australia Federation Bill, creates the Commonwealth of Australia
Completely disregarding diplomatic immunity, the Boxers and some elements of the Imperial army attacked the foreign compounds in Tianjin and Beijing
Assents to the Australia Federation Bill, creates the Commonwealth of Australia
Maintains contacts useful for later peace negotiations.
Warns against war with all foreign powers.
Helps tighten the British encirclement of Piet Cronje's force during the Paardeberg operations.
French forces a crossing at Klip Drift during the sweeping cavalry advance toward Kimberley.
Declares war against all foreign powers
Shanghais Chinese elite supported the provincial governors of southeastern China in resisting the Imperial declaration of war. Empress Dowager Cixi, urged by the conservatives of the Imperial Court, supported the Boxers and declared war on foreign powers. A number of regional governors including Li Hongzhang and Zhang Zhidong quietly refused to cooperate
Issues the imperial declaration against the foreign powers.
Backs war against the foreign powers.
Japan announces, "no more communication with China - except war"
Informs his constituency he will not contest the next election. Churchill has decided to join the Liberal Party
Supports the prospective Liberal Party candidate at the Ludlow by-election
Dines with Lloyd George to sound him out about joining the Liberal Party
Commands Qing resistance during the Russian Manchurian campaign.
Commands Qing defenders at the Taku Forts.
Denied an audience by Wilhelm II of Germany
The German envoy, Klemens Freiherr von Ketteler was murdered on 20 June, and the foreign powers immediately demanded redress
The Southern Cross proceeded southwards, following the Victoria Land coast and discovering further islands, one of which Borchgrevink named after Sir Clements Markham, whose hostility towards the expedition was evidently unchanged by this honour
Reaches latitude 86 34, setting a new record by surpassing Nansens result of 1895 by 35-40 kilometres
Ham orders his Victorians to dig defensive trenches shortly before the Boer attack on Elands River begins.
Carrington advances from the west to relieve Elands River but Boer resistance forces his column to turn back.
Informs his constituency he will not contest the next election
Supports the prospective Liberal Party candidate at the Ludlow by-election
During the "Khaki election" the new Labour Party has only £33 expenses and wins just 62,698 votes
Nominated for the Presidency
Wins the presidential election for the 2nd time
The Empress Dowager changed her long policy of suppressing Boxers, and issued edicts in their defence, causing protests from foreign powers
Empress Dowager Cixi declares war against all Foreign powers
The Hørring Government ends in Copenhagen, concluding this term as Council President of Denmark.
De Wet escapes from the tightening British cordon at Brandwater Basin with a mobile Boer force.
Steyn escapes the Brandwater Basin with De Wet before British forces complete the encirclement.
The Boxer Protocol orders the execution of 10 high-ranking officials linked to the outbreak and other officials who were found guilty for the slaughter of Westerners in China
Is executed for opposing war with the powers.
Is executed after warning against war.
Goes into Portuguese South-East Africa
Leaves for Europe
Travels south over the Barrier to about 78 degrees 50 minutes south, setting a new farthest south mark
The revised tone poem Finlandia receives its first performance in Helsinki under Robert Kajanus.
Flees Beijing after allied troops enter the city.
Leaves Beijing with the imperial court.
Moves the Free State government after Bloemfontein falls.
Leaves Pretoria before the British advance.
Leads British troops in the final relief expedition.
The Gold Standard Act defines the dollar by gold and protects currency redemption.
The Gold Standard Act legally defines the dollar by gold and protects currency redemption.
Leaves Pretoria ahead of the British advance.
Lands on the Great Ice Barrier and opens a route that later expeditions use toward the interior
Leads guerrilla operations in the western Transvaal.
Continues guerrilla resistance after British occupation.
Adapts British operations after Boer commandos shift from conventional battle to dispersed guerrilla warfare.
Supports the hardline court faction during the crisis.
Announces a new railway between Damascus to the Holy Places in Arabia
Urges German troops to avenge Ketteler's death.
Diplomats, foreign civilians and soldiers, and Chinese Christians in the Legation Quarter were under siege by the Imperial Army of China and the Boxers for 55 days. Completely disregarding diplomatic immunity, the Boxers and some elements of the Imperial army attacked the foreign compounds in Tianjin and Beijing
Completely disregarding diplomatic immunity, the Boxers and some elements of the Imperial army attacked the foreign compounds in Tianjin and Beijing
The siege was raised when the Eight-Nation Alliance brought 20,000 armed troops to China, defeated the Imperial Army, and captured Beijing
Works with Plekhanov and Lenin on Iskra.
Works on Iskra as part of the exile editorial circle.
Helps launch Iskra as a central paper for Russian Marxists.
Joins Lenin and Plekhanov in the Iskra editorial group.
Serves as senior Marxist figure in the Iskra group.
Brings Muslim troops into Beijing to oppose foreigners.
Becomes Bezirksamtmann in Kaufbeuren and assumes responsibility for district administration.
Is killed by soldiers of Dong Fuxiang.
His soldiers kill Japanese legation secretary Sugiyama Akira.
The republican government relocates as Roberts approaches the capital.
The Labour Represention Committee is founded at a Conference in London
During the "Khaki election" the new Labour Party has only £33 expenses and wins just 62,698 votes
Founds the League of Gaels
Confronts rising danger to the foreign legations.
Shelters in the Legation Quarter during the siege.
Takes shelter with other diplomats in the Legation Quarter.
Represents Austria-Hungary during the legation siege.
Represents Portugal during the siege of the legations.
Shelters in the besieged Legation Quarter.
Takes refuge during the Boxer siege.
Represents Dutch interests during the crisis.
Organises British participation in legation defence.
Takes part in the defence of the legations.
Joins the diplomatic defence during the siege.
Restrains Dong Fuxiang and keeps channels open with foreign diplomats.
Appointed Lieutenant Colonel
Takes part in operations around the siege and relief of Ladysmith.
Labram designs and builds the Long Cecil gun in the De Beers workshops during the siege of Kimberley.
Directs Russian operations against Qing forces in Manchuria.
Commands Russian cavalry during operations in Manchuria.
Elected Member of Parliament for Oldham
Churchill claims "a seat lost to the Government is a seat gained to the Boers"
Appointed Prospective Member of Parliament for Oldham
Roberts and Buller join forces at Vlakfontein
Announces French naval reinforcements for Chinese waters.
Roberts and Buller join forces at Vlakfontein
Present at Bremerhavan when 4,000 German soldiers set sail for China
Compares his army to the Huns & himself as Moses leading the Israelites in China
Coordinates staff work during Roberts's advance from the Modder River into the Orange Free State.
American troops occupy parts of Beijing after relief.
Japanese troops remain in Beijing after the siege.
British troops occupy the Rand
Winner of the Olympic singles tennis Gold Medal
Calls for preserving China's territorial integrity.
Is appointed to negotiate with the foreign powers.
Acts as Qing negotiator with Li Hongzhang.
Begins a one-year term as President of the Swiss Confederation.
Coordinates staff and logistical arrangements during the British advance toward Pretoria.
Boer leaders sign the Pretoria Convention restoring Transvaal self-government.
Appointed Prime Minister for the fourth and last time in June 1900, when William Philip Schreiner is forced to resign because of his anti-war stance
Appointed Prime Minister of Spain
Backs the court faction favouring the Boxers.
Issues edicts blaming selected officials for the disaster.
British forces join operations after the relief of Beijing.
Directs punitive expeditions in northern China.
Foreign diplomats call on China to suppreess anti-foreigner activities of the Boxers
The Boxers raise their standard of revolt on the railway line to Hankow
Commands American troops in the relief of Beijing.
French troops join the entry into Beijing.
Italian troops take part in the allied relief.
Russian troops join the capture of Beijing.
Japanese troops help enter Beijing and relieve the legations.
Austro-Hungarian sailors join the allied advance.
Kitchener arrives with a large relief column after the Elands River garrison has resisted nearly two weeks of siege.
Leads the cavalry relief of Kimberley.
French leads the cavalry relief before his Ypres title.
Kekewich receives the relieving cavalry after his garrison has held Kimberley through a four-month siege.
Rhodes remains in Kimberley until French's cavalry breaks the Boer siege and enters the town.
Breaks through to relieve Ladysmith.
Takes part in operations around the siege and relief of Ladysmith.
Baden-Powell's garrison is relieved after holding Mafeking throughout the longest siege of the war.
Leads the column relieving Mafeking.
Helps raise the siege of Mafeking.
Brabant's colonial troops take part in operations that relieve the besieged garrison at Wepener.
Rundle advances toward Wepener and helps force De Wet to abandon the siege.
Baden-Powell's garrison contains Eloff's assault and forces the isolated Boer raiders to surrender.
Favoured negotiation rather than hostilities, to the chagrin of Governor and High Commissioner Alfred Milner, who was actively fomenting war, his stance led his to his forced resignation from the premiership and Parliament
Retreats after failing to relieve Beijing.
Helps reorganise transport, supply and staff arrangements for Roberts's renewed British offensive.
Empress Dowager Cixi, urged by the conservatives of the Imperial Court, supported the Boxers and declared war on foreign powers
British forces occupy the Orange Free State and rename it the Orange River Colony.
Oversees Russian military expansion in Manchuria.
Begins the Sehested Government in Copenhagen and serves as Council President of Denmark.
Russian sailors join the attempt to reach Beijing.
Commands American sailors in Seymour's expedition.
Japanese sailors join the international relief force.
Attempts to reach the besieged legations by railway.
Lands sailors and marines to protect foreign legations.
Leads an international relief column toward Beijing.
Leads the first relief expedition toward Beijing.
His relief expedition is blocked before reaching Beijing.
Commands German sailors in Seymour's relief column.
The railway line to Tianjin was cut by Boxers in the countryside and Beijing was isolated
The first Boxer, dressed in his finery, was seen in the Legation Quarter. The German Minister, Clemens von Ketteler, and German soldiers captured a Boxer boy and inexplicably executed him. In response, thousands of Boxers burst into the walled city of Beijing that afternoon and burned many of the Christian churches and cathedrals in the city, burning some victims alive
The legations of the United Kingdom, France, Germany, Italy, Austria-Hungary, Spain, Belgium, The Netherlands, the United States, Russia and Japan were located in the Beijing Legation Quarter south of the Forbidden City. The Chinese army and Boxer irregulars besieged the Legation Quarter from 20 June to 14 August 1900
Chinese soldiers and Boxers set fire to areas north and west of the British Legation, using it as a "frightening tactic" to attack the defenders
An armistice is declared by the Chinese
The armistice, although occasionally broken, endured until 13 August when, with an allied army led by the British Alfred Gaselee approaching Beijing to relieve the siege, the Chinese launched their heaviest fusillade on the Legation Quarter. As the foreign army approached, Chinese forces melted away
French forces help defend the Legation Quarter.
His Kansu troops attack foreign positions in Beijing.
Helps defend the American position in the legations.
Commands British marines during the siege.
His customs residence is destroyed during the crisis.
Becomes senior diplomatic organiser inside the legations.
Commands American Marines defending the legations.
Commands Italian defenders in the Legation Quarter.
Soldiers at the British Embassy and German Legations shot and killed several Boxers, alienating the Chinese population of the city and nudging the Qing Government toward support of the Boxers
Qing imperial forces deployed electric mines in the River Beihe (Peiho) to prevent the Eight-Nation Alliance from sending ships to attack
The event that tilted the Qing imperial Government irrevocably toward support of the Boxers and war with the foreign powers was the attack of foreign navies on the Dagu Forts near Tianji
Commands Qing forces while restraining attacks on the legations.
Declines to press the siege of the foreign legations.
Limits pressure on the legations despite hardliner demands.
Organises disciplined Japanese defence of the legations.
Helps defend the legations and rescue Chinese Christians.
Commands Austro-Hungarian sailors in the legation defence.
Russian troops hold positions in the Legation Quarter.
Defends the Beitang cathedral and Christian refugees.
Helps defend the Beitang cathedral compound.
The Boxers bombard the Russian town of Blagoveshchensk that lies across the Amur River
British forces occupy the Orange Free State and rename it the Orange River Colony.
The British launch an offensive against the Boer capital
De la Rey surrounds the Elands River post and subjects the garrison to sustained artillery and rifle fire.
Hore commands the isolated colonial garrison when De la Rey begins the siege of Elands River.
British troops occupy Johannesburg
Takes part in operations leading to the relief of Kimberley.
Roberts reaches Kroonstad
Takes part in operations around the siege and relief of Ladysmith.
The Eight-Nation Alliance, after being initially turned back, brought 20,000 armed troops to China, defeated the Imperial Army, and captured Beijing on August 14, lifting the siege of the Legations
Mafeking is besieged until British relief arrives in May 1900.
Mafeking is besieged until British relief arrives in May 1900.
Cronje's force surrenders at Paardeberg after British encirclement.
Cronje's force surrenders at Paardeberg after British encirclement.
Diplomats, foreign civilians and soldiers, and Chinese Christians in the Legation Quarter were under siege by the Imperial Army of China and the Boxers for 55 days. Completely disregarding diplomatic immunity, the Boxers and some elements of the Imperial army attacked the foreign compounds in Tianjin and Beijing
The Boxer Protocol of 7 September 1901 ended the uprising and provided for severe punishments, including an indemnity of 67 million pounds (450 million taels of silver), more than the Governments annual tax revenue
The siege was raised when the Eight-Nation Alliance brought 20,000 armed troops to China, defeated the Imperial Army, and captured Beijing
Clashes were reported between Chinese factions favoring war and those favoring conciliation, the latter led by Prince Qing
Boxers attack the Allied naval force south of Peking
The Allies attack the central gates of Peking
Foreign diplomats call on China to suppreess anti-foreigner activities of the Boxers
Boxers march with the slogan, "death & destruction to the foreigner & all his works"
The Boxers enter Peking & destroy most of the foreign owned buildings
The Roman Catholic Church is burnt to the ground
The Allies capture Peking & impose stricter conditions on China
The Boxers blow up the railway line under Russian construction to Port Arthur
British troops enter Pretoria during Roberts's advance.
British troops enter Pretoria during Roberts's advance.
Completely disregarding diplomatic immunity, the Boxers and some elements of the Imperial army attacked the foreign compounds in Tianjin and Beijing
Dalgety organizes the defence of Wepener and holds the position against repeated Boer attacks.
De Wet attacks the colonial garrison at Wepener but fails to force it to surrender.
Directs the later counter-guerrilla phase of the war.
Supports provincial neutrality during the Boxer crisis.
Helps keep the lower Yangtze from joining the war.
Keeps Shandong out of the court's war against foreigners.
Joins provincial leaders avoiding war with foreign powers.
The Southern Cross returned to Cape Adare from Australia
When the Southern Cross returned at the end of January 1900, Borchgrevink decided to abandon the camp, although there were sufficient fuel and provisions left to last another year, sledging activity became possible, Borchgrevinks assumptions about an easy route to the interior proved false; the glaciated mountain ranges adjoining Cape Adare precluded any travel inland, restricting exploration to the immediate area around the cape
Instead of returning home the Southern Cross sailed south to the Great Ice Barrier, Ross had been unable to mke a landing so Borchgrevink discovered an inlet in the Barrier edge, the "Bay of Whales", Borchgrevink, William Colbeck and Per Savio make the first landing on the Barrier and travelled 10 miles (16 km) south to set a new Farthest South record at 78 degrees 50S
The Southern Cross proceeded southwards, following the Victoria Land coast and discovering further islands, one of which Borchgrevink named after Sir Clements Markham, whose hostility towards the expedition was evidently unchanged by this honour
The Southern Cross visits other Ross Sea islands before turning for home, reaching New Zealand on 1 April 1900
The final version of Symphony No 1 receives its first performance in Helsinki under Robert Kajanus.
The first Boxer, dressed in his finery, was seen in the Legation Quarter. The German Minister, Clemens von Ketteler, and German soldiers captured a Boxer boy and inexplicably executed him. In response, thousands of Boxers burst into the walled city of Beijing that afternoon and burned many of the Christian churches and cathedrals in the city, burning some victims alive
In response to reports of an armed invasion to lift the siege, the initially hesitant Empress Dowager Cixi supported the Boxers and on June 21 issued an Imperial Decree declaring war on the foreign powers. Diplomats, foreign civilians and soldiers as well as Chinese Christians in the Legation Quarter were placed under siege by the Imperial Army of China and the Boxers for 55 days
The Boxer Protocol of 7 September 1901 provided for the execution of Government officials who had supported the Boxers, provisions for foreign troops to be stationed in Beijing, and 450 million taels of silver—more than the Government's annual tax revenue—to be paid as indemnity over the course of the next thirty-nine years to the eight nations involved
The event that tilted the Qing imperial Government irrevocably toward support of the Boxers and war with the foreign powers was the attack of foreign navies on the Dagu Forts near Tianji
Chinese officialdom was split between those supporting the Boxers and those favoring conciliation, led by Prince Qing
With a majority of conservatives in the imperial court, Empress Dowager Cixi changed her long standing policy of suppressing Boxers, and issued edicts in their defence, causing protests from foreign powers
The Boxers raise their standard of revolt on the railway line to Hankow
The Boxers enter Peking & destroy most of the foreign owned buildings
The Boxers bombard the Russian town of Blagoveshchensk that lies across the Amur River
The Boxers blow up the railway line under Russian construction to Port Arthur
Boxer fighters attack foreign positions near Tianjin.
Commands British troops during operations around Tianjin.
Japanese troops play a major role in fighting near Tianjin.
Helps secure the charter creating the University of Birmingham.
Contributes to another British failure on the Upper Tugela.
Birth of Alastair Sim
Birth of Chang Hsueh-Liang
Birth of Heinrich Himmler, near Munich, son of a Schoolmaster
Birth of Luang Privi
Birth of Ruhollah Khomeini
Birth of the "Queen Mother"
Birth of ustavo Rojas Gustavo, Tunja, Boyoca
Birth of Vulko Velev Chervenkov
Murdered by a mob in response to the Allied Siege of the legations in Peking
Theron is killed in action while operating against British forces in the Gatsrand area.
Labram is killed in Kimberley when a Boer shell strikes the building where he is staying.
Kills German minister Clemens von Ketteler.
Is shot while travelling to the Zongli Yamen.
Dies resisting allied forces near Tianjin.
Death of Oscar Wilde
Death of Umberto I, assassinated
The Boer Army is defeated
Is defeated as the British advance through the Transvaal.
Buller attacks the Boer position at Bergendal during the British advance through the eastern Transvaal.
Viljoen takes part in the Boer defence at Bergendal before the commandos withdraw eastward.
During the war, Imperial Chinese forces deployed a weapon called "electric mines" on June 15, at the river Beihe (Peiho) before the Battle of Dagu Forts to prevent the Eight-Nation Alliance from sending ships to attack
Cixi received an ultimatum demanding that China surrender control of its military and financial affairs to foreign powers.
On 17 June they took the Dagu Forts commanding the approaches to Tianjin, and from there brought increasing numbers of troops on shore.
She told the Grand Council that the powers had begun aggression and that the nation's extinction was imminent.
The allied nations took steps to reinforce their military presence significantly.
The event that tilted the Qing imperial Government irrevocably toward support of the Boxers and war with the foreign powers was the attack of foreign navies on the Dagu Forts near Tianji
Botha commands the Boer defence at Diamond Hill and withdraws after two days of fighting.
Hamilton commands part of the British force attacking Boer positions east of Pretoria at Diamond Hill.
De la Rey's Boer forces resist Hamilton's advance at Doornkop before withdrawing from the position.
Hamilton leads British forces in the action at Doornkop during Roberts's advance toward Johannesburg.
Kelly-Kenny's infantry fights through Boer resistance at Driefontein on the march toward Bloemfontein.
Muslim General Ma Fuxiang, posted in southern Beijing at Hunting Park, attacked and defeated the Eight Nation Alliance led by the British Admiral Seymour at the Battle of Langfang
Muslim General Ma Fuxiang, posted in southern Beijing at Hunting Park, attacked and defeated the Eight Nation Alliance led by the British Admiral Seymour at the Battle of Langfang
Kansu troops help defeat Seymour near Langfang.
Muslim General Ma Fuxiang, posted in southern Beijing at Hunting Park, attacked and defeated the Eight Nation Alliance led by the British Admiral Seymour at the Battle of Langfang
Helps defeat Seymour's relief column near Langfang.
Leads Muslim cavalry against Seymour's force.
Oversees Chinese forces during the Langfang fighting.
Supervises Chinese forces opposing Seymour near Langfang.
Cockburn leads cavalrymen protecting the retreating guns at Leliefontein and later receives the Victoria Cross.
Holland keeps his Colt machine gun firing against the Boer advance and carries the weapon away when its carriage horse is shot.
Turner helps protect the Canadian rearguard during the withdrawal at Leliefontein and later receives the Victoria Cross.
De la Rey combines with Beyers to attack Clements's camp at Nooitgedacht and inflict a severe defeat.
Surrenders with his commando at Paardeberg.
Kelly-Kenny's division closes on Cronje's laager at Paardeberg and helps establish the British encirclement.
Directs costly assaults before Roberts resumes command.
MacDonald leads the Highland Brigade during the operations that surround Cronje's force at Paardeberg.
Otter commands the Royal Canadian Regiment during the final operations that precede Cronje's surrender at Paardeberg.
Cronje's force surrenders at Paardeberg after British encirclement.
Receives Cronje's surrender after encirclement.
Kelly-Kenny commands infantry during Roberts's advance against Boer positions at Poplar Grove.
De Wet surrounds a British detachment near Reddersburg and compels its surrender after sustained fighting.
Paget launches repeated attacks on the Boer position at Rhenosterkop but fails to break the defence.
Viljoen's outnumbered force repels Paget's attacks at Rhenosterkop before withdrawing during the night.
Broadwood's mounted force is caught in De Wet's ambush at Sanna's Post and suffers heavy losses.
De Wet ambushes Broadwood's column at Sanna's Post and captures men, wagons and artillery.
Helps defeat British forces at Spion Kop.
Helps organize Boer resistance during the battle of Spion Kop.
Lyttelton sends reinforcements across the Tugela as British troops struggle to hold Spion Kop.
Thorneycroft assumes command on the summit and refuses a Boer demand for surrender during the crisis at Spion Kop.
Commands the failed British attack at Spion Kop.
Woodgate commands the troops occupying Spion Kop and is mortally wounded during the battle.
Is killed during the assault on Tianjin.
American Marines fight in the capture of Tianjin.
Is killed resisting allied forces near Tianjin.
Fights at the Battle of Tugela
Fights at the Battle of Tugela
Botha's Boer forces oppose Buller's renewed attempt to cross the Tugela and establish a bridgehead at Vaal Krantz.
Buller begins another attempt to cross the Tugela and outflank Boer positions at Vaal Krantz.
Provenance
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