Colesberg Operations
French presses Boer positions around Colesberg with mobile cavalry tactics intended to threaten their flanks.
Historical events in 1900
513 historical records
January 190020 historical events
President of Switzerland
Begins a one-year term as President of the Swiss Confederation.
Colesberg Counterattack
Schoeman takes part in Boer counterattacks that check British pressure around Colesberg.
Appointed to resolve conflicts between Germans & Czechs in Austria
Appointed to resolve conflicts between Germans & Czechs in Austria
Chief of Staff
Serves as Roberts's chief of staff.
Arrival in South Africa
Arrives to replace Buller as senior British commander.
Capture of Spion Kop
Captures Spion Kop
Battle of Spion Kop
Commands the failed British attack at Spion Kop.
Battle of Spion Kop
Thorneycroft assumes command on the summit and refuses a Boer demand for surrender during the crisis at Spion Kop.
Battle of Spion Kop
Lyttelton sends reinforcements across the Tugela as British troops struggle to hold Spion Kop.
Battle of Spion Kop
Woodgate commands the troops occupying Spion Kop and is mortally wounded during the battle.
Battle of Spion Kop
Helps defeat British forces at Spion Kop.
Battle of Spion Kop
Helps organize Boer resistance during the battle of Spion Kop.
Upper Tugela Defence
Contributes to another British failure on the Upper Tugela.
Southern Cross Expedition
The Southern Cross returned to Cape Adare from Australia
Empress Dowager changed her long policy of suppressing Boxers, and issued
The Empress Dowager changed her long policy of suppressing Boxers, and issued edicts in their defence, causing protests from foreign powers
The Boxers
With a majority of conservatives in the imperial court, Empress Dowager Cixi changed her long standing policy of suppressing Boxers, and issued edicts in their defence, causing protests from foreign powers
Roberts Campaign Reorganisation Supported
Helps reorganise transport, supply and staff arrangements for Roberts's renewed British offensive.
Southern Cross Expedition
When the Southern Cross returned at the end of January 1900, Borchgrevink decided to abandon the camp, although there were sufficient fuel and provisions left to last another year, sledging activity became possible, Borchgrevinks assumptions about an easy route to the interior proved false; the glaciated mountain ranges adjoining Cape Adare precluded any travel inland, restricting exploration to the immediate area around the cape
Long Cecil Construction
Labram designs and builds the Long Cecil gun in the De Beers workshops during the siege of Kimberley.
February 190034 historical events
Battle of Vaal Krantz
Buller begins another attempt to cross the Tugela and outflank Boer positions at Vaal Krantz.
Battle of Vaal Krantz
Botha's Boer forces oppose Buller's renewed attempt to cross the Tugela and establish a bridgehead at Vaal Krantz.
Death of George Labram
Labram is killed in Kimberley when a Boer shell strikes the building where he is staying.
Crossing at Klip Drift
French forces a crossing at Klip Drift during the sweeping cavalry advance toward Kimberley.
Relief of Kimberley
Rhodes remains in Kimberley until French's cavalry breaks the Boer siege and enters the town.
Relief of Kimberley
Kekewich receives the relieving cavalry after his garrison has held Kimberley through a four-month siege.
Relief of Kimberley
Leads the cavalry relief of Kimberley.
Relief of Kimberley
French leads the cavalry relief before his Ypres title.
1st Great Barrier Landing
Instead of returning home the Southern Cross sailed south to the Great Ice Barrier, Ross had been unable to mke a landing so Borchgrevink discovered an inlet in the Barrier edge, the "Bay of Whales", Borchgrevink, William Colbeck and Per Savio make the first landing on the Barrier and travelled 10 miles (16 km) south to set a new Farthest South record at 78 degrees 50S
Farthest South
Travels south over the Barrier to about 78 degrees 50 minutes south, setting a new farthest south mark
Great Ice Barrier
Lands on the Great Ice Barrier and opens a route that later expeditions use toward the interior
Southern Cross Expedition
Instead of returning home the Southern Cross sailed south to the Great Ice Barrier, Ross had been unable to mke a landing so Borchgrevink discovered an inlet in the Barrier edge, the "Bay of Whales", Borchgrevink, William Colbeck and Per Savio make the first landing on the Barrier and travelled 10 miles (16 km) south to set a new Farthest South record at 78 degrees 50S
Battle of Tugela River
Fights at the Battle of Tugela
Siege of Kimberley
Takes part in operations leading to the relief of Kimberley.
Battle of Tugela River
Fights at the Battle of Tugela
Battle of Paardeberg
Directs costly assaults before Roberts resumes command.
Battle of Paardeberg
Cronje's force surrenders at Paardeberg after British encirclement.
Battle of Paardeberg
Kelly-Kenny's division closes on Cronje's laager at Paardeberg and helps establish the British encirclement.
Battle of Paardeberg
MacDonald leads the Highland Brigade during the operations that surround Cronje's force at Paardeberg.
Siege of Paardeberg
Cronje's force surrenders at Paardeberg after British encirclement.
Battle of Paardeberg
Otter commands the Royal Canadian Regiment during the final operations that precede Cronje's surrender at Paardeberg.
Foundation of FC Bayern Munich
Franz John and fellow footballers establish FC Bayern Munich after breaking away from the MTV 1879 sports association, creating a new club in the Bavarian capital.
Labour Representation Committee (LRC)
The Labour Represention Committee is founded at a Conference in London
Battle of Paardeberg
Receives Cronje's surrender after encirclement.
Relief of Ladysmith
Takes part in operations around the siege and relief of Ladysmith.
Arrest of Piet Arnoldus Cronje
Arrested and held at St Helena until the end of the war
Siege of Paardeberg
Cronje's force surrenders at Paardeberg after British encirclement.
Battle of Paardeberg
Surrenders with his commando at Paardeberg.
Siege of Ladysmith
Takes part in operations around the siege and relief of Ladysmith.
Relief of Ladysmith
Breaks through to relieve Ladysmith.
Cronje Encirclement Tightened
Helps tighten the British encirclement of Piet Cronje's force during the Paardeberg operations.
Modder River Advance Coordinated
Coordinates staff work during Roberts's advance from the Modder River into the Orange Free State.
Discovery of Clements Markham Island
The Southern Cross proceeded southwards, following the Victoria Land coast and discovering further islands, one of which Borchgrevink named after Sir Clements Markham, whose hostility towards the expedition was evidently unchanged by this honour
Southern Cross Expedition
The Southern Cross proceeded southwards, following the Victoria Land coast and discovering further islands, one of which Borchgrevink named after Sir Clements Markham, whose hostility towards the expedition was evidently unchanged by this honour
March 190018 historical events
Pretoria Convention
Boer leaders sign the Pretoria Convention restoring Transvaal self-government.
Battle of Poplar Grove
Kelly-Kenny commands infantry during Roberts's advance against Boer positions at Poplar Grove.
Battle of Driefontein
Kelly-Kenny's infantry fights through Boer resistance at Driefontein on the march toward Bloemfontein.
Birth of ustavo Rojas Gustavo
Birth of ustavo Rojas Gustavo, Tunja, Boyoca
Capture of Orange Free State
British forces occupy the Orange Free State and rename it the Orange River Colony.
Siege of Bloemfontein
British forces occupy the Orange Free State and rename it the Orange River Colony.
Capture of Bloemfontein
British forces occupy the Orange Free State and rename it the Orange River Colony.
Siege of Bloemfontein
The British launch an offensive against the Boer capital
Capture of Bloemfontein
Occupies the Orange Free State capital.
Flight from Bloemfontein
Moves the Free State government after Bloemfontein falls.
Gold Standard Act
The Gold Standard Act defines the dollar by gold and protects currency redemption.
Gold Standard Act
The Gold Standard Act legally defines the dollar by gold and protects currency redemption.
University of Birmingham
Helps secure the charter creating the University of Birmingham.
Battle of Sanna's Post
Broadwood's mounted force is caught in De Wet's ambush at Sanna's Post and suffers heavy losses.
Battle of Sanna's Post
De Wet ambushes Broadwood's column at Sanna's Post and captures men, wagons and artillery.
Bloemfontein Advance Supported
Supports Roberts's advance and occupation of Bloemfontein as British momentum improves.
Command of Transvaal Forces
Assumes leadership of the Transvaal forces after Piet Joubert's death.
Commandant-General Leadership
Becomes the principal Transvaal commander during the remaining war.
April 19009 historical events
Southern Cross Expedition
The Southern Cross visits other Ross Sea islands before turning for home, reaching New Zealand on 1 April 1900
Battle of Reddersburg
De Wet surrounds a British detachment near Reddersburg and compels its surrender after sustained fighting.
Siege of Wepener
Dalgety organizes the defence of Wepener and holds the position against repeated Boer attacks.
Siege of Wepener
De Wet attacks the colonial garrison at Wepener but fails to force it to surrender.
Relief of Wepener
Brabant's colonial troops take part in operations that relieve the besieged garrison at Wepener.
Relief of Wepener
Rundle advances toward Wepener and helps force De Wet to abandon the siege.
Discovery of North Pole
Reaches latitude 86 34, setting a new record by surpassing Nansens result of 1895 by 35-40 kilometres
Sehested Government
Begins the Sehested Government in Copenhagen and serves as Council President of Denmark.
Hørring Government
The Hørring Government ends in Copenhagen, concluding this term as Council President of Denmark.
May 190035 historical events
Birth of Luang Privi
Birth of Luang Privi
Capture during Mafeking Attack
Hore is captured during Eloff's penetration of Mafeking before the attacking Boer force is itself surrounded.
Repulse of Eloff's Attack
Baden-Powell's garrison contains Eloff's assault and forces the isolated Boer raiders to surrender.
Siege of Kroonstad
Roberts reaches Kroonstad
Attack on Mafeking
Eloff leads a bold assault into Mafeking and penetrates part of the defended town.
Capture at Mafeking
Eloff's raiding force is isolated inside Mafeking and he is compelled to surrender to the defenders.
London to Ladysmith via Pretoria
Takes part in operations around the siege and relief of Ladysmith.
Siege of Mafeking
Mafeking is besieged until British relief arrives in May 1900.
Relief of Mafeking
Helps raise the siege of Mafeking.
Relief of Mafeking
Baden-Powell's garrison is relieved after holding Mafeking throughout the longest siege of the war.
Relief of Mafeking
Leads the column relieving Mafeking.
Birth of Ruhollah Khomeini
Birth of Ruhollah Khomeini
Reballion of Rebels in Beijing
Foreign diplomats call on China to suppreess anti-foreigner activities of the Boxers
Siege of Peking
Foreign diplomats call on China to suppreess anti-foreigner activities of the Boxers
Capture of Orange Free State
British forces occupy the Orange Free State and rename it the Orange River Colony.
Rule of Orange River Colonylony
British forces occupy the Orange Free State and rename it the Orange River Colony.
Battle of Doornkop
Hamilton leads British forces in the action at Doornkop during Roberts's advance toward Johannesburg.
Battle of Doornkop
De la Rey's Boer forces resist Hamilton's advance at Doornkop before withdrawing from the position.
Flight from Pretoria
Leaves Pretoria before the British advance.
Government Leaves Pretoria
Leaves Pretoria ahead of the British advance.
Kruger Evacuates Capital
The republican government relocates as Roberts approaches the capital.
Capture of Johannesburg
Johannesburg falls to the British
Occupation of the Rand
British troops occupy the Rand
Siege of Johannesburg
British troops occupy Johannesburg
Siege of Pretoria
British troops enter Pretoria during Roberts's advance.
Capture of Johannesburg
British troops occupy Johannesburg.
Boxer Mobilization
Organises Boxer groups around Tianjin.
Boxer Policy
The court moves toward open support for anti-foreign forces.
Court Divisions
Warns against war with all foreign powers.
Pro-Boxer Faction
Backs the court faction favouring the Boxers.
Reballion of their standard of
The Boxers raise their standard of revolt on the railway line to Hankow
Siege of Peking
Boxers march with the slogan, "death & destruction to the foreigner & all his works"
The Boxers
The Boxers raise their standard of revolt on the railway line to Hankow
Kansu Army
Brings Muslim troops into Beijing to oppose foreigners.
Pretoria Advance Staff Work
Coordinates staff and logistical arrangements during the British advance toward Pretoria.
June 1900122 historical events
Birth of Chang Hsueh-Liang
Birth of Chang Hsueh-Liang
Siege of Beijing
The railway line to Tianjin was cut by Boxers in the countryside and Beijing was isolated
Siege of Pretoria
British troops enter Pretoria during Roberts's advance.
Capture of Pretoria
British troops enter Pretoria during Roberts's advance.
British Occupation of Transvaal Capital
Occupies the Transvaal capital after Boer forces withdraw.
Capture of Pretoria
Enters Pretoria with British forces during the main advance.
Capture of Pretoria
British troops enter the Transvaal capital.
Olympic Gold Medal
Winner of the Olympic singles tennis Gold Medal
Seymour Expedition
Commands German sailors in Seymour's relief column.
Seymour Expedition
Attempts to reach the besieged legations by railway.
Seymour Expedition
Lands sailors and marines to protect foreign legations.
Seymour Expedition
Leads an international relief column toward Beijing.
Seymour Expedition
Leads the first relief expedition toward Beijing.
Seymour Expedition
Japanese sailors join the international relief force.
Seymour Expedition
Russian sailors join the attempt to reach Beijing.
Seymour Expedition
Commands American sailors in Seymour's expedition.
Siege of Beijing
The first Boxer, dressed in his finery, was seen in the Legation Quarter. The German Minister, Clemens von Ketteler, and German soldiers captured a Boxer boy and inexplicably executed him. In response, thousands of Boxers burst into the walled city of Beijing that afternoon and burned many of the Christian churches and cathedrals in the city, burning some victims alive
The Boxers
The first Boxer, dressed in his finery, was seen in the Legation Quarter. The German Minister, Clemens von Ketteler, and German soldiers captured a Boxer boy and inexplicably executed him. In response, thousands of Boxers burst into the walled city of Beijing that afternoon and burned many of the Christian churches and cathedrals in the city, burning some victims alive
Killing of Sugiyama Akira
His soldiers kill Japanese legation secretary Sugiyama Akira.
Siege of Beijing
Soldiers at the British Embassy and German Legations shot and killed several Boxers, alienating the Chinese population of the city and nudging the Qing Government toward support of the Boxers
Battle of Diamond Hill
Hamilton commands part of the British force attacking Boer positions east of Pretoria at Diamond Hill.
Killing of Sugiyama Akira
Is killed by soldiers of Dong Fuxiang.
Battle of Diamond Hill
Botha commands the Boer defence at Diamond Hill and withdraws after two days of fighting.
Siege of Peking
Boxers attack the Allied naval force south of Peking
Siege of Peking
The Boxers enter Peking & destroy most of the foreign owned buildings
The Boxers
The Boxers enter Peking & destroy most of the foreign owned buildings
Siege of Beijing
His customs residence is destroyed during the crisis.
Siege of Beitang Cathedral
Defends the Beitang cathedral and Christian refugees.
Siege of Beitang Cathedral
Helps defend the Beitang cathedral compound.
Battle of Dagu Forts
During the war, Imperial Chinese forces deployed a weapon called "electric mines" on June 15, at the river Beihe (Peiho) before the Battle of Dagu Forts to prevent the Eight-Nation Alliance from sending ships to attack
Siege of Beijing
Qing imperial forces deployed electric mines in the River Beihe (Peiho) to prevent the Eight-Nation Alliance from sending ships to attack
Defence of Taku Forts
Commands Qing defenders at the Taku Forts.
Battle of Dagu Forts
Cixi received an ultimatum demanding that China surrender control of its military and financial affairs to foreign powers.
Battle of Dagu Forts
On 17 June they took the Dagu Forts commanding the approaches to Tianjin, and from there brought increasing numbers of troops on shore.
Battle of Dagu Forts
She told the Grand Council that the powers had begun aggression and that the nation's extinction was imminent.
Battle of Dagu Forts
The allied nations took steps to reinforce their military presence significantly.
Battle of Dagu Forts
The event that tilted the Qing imperial Government irrevocably toward support of the Boxers and war with the foreign powers was the attack of foreign navies on the Dagu Forts near Tianji
Siege of Beijing
The event that tilted the Qing imperial Government irrevocably toward support of the Boxers and war with the foreign powers was the attack of foreign navies on the Dagu Forts near Tianji
The Boxers
The event that tilted the Qing imperial Government irrevocably toward support of the Boxers and war with the foreign powers was the attack of foreign navies on the Dagu Forts near Tianji
Capture of Taku Forts
German naval forces support the capture of Taku.
Capture of Taku Forts
Supports allied operations against the Taku Forts.
Capture of Taku Forts
Helps capture the Taku Forts at the Peiho mouth.
Capture of Taku Forts
Takes part in allied naval operations at Taku.
Capture of Taku Forts
Distinguishes himself during the Taku Forts operation.
Capture of Taku Forts
Takes part in the capture of the Taku Forts.
Capture of Taku Forts
Russian naval forces participate in the attack on Taku.
Battle of Langfang
Muslim General Ma Fuxiang, posted in southern Beijing at Hunting Park, attacked and defeated the Eight Nation Alliance led by the British Admiral Seymour at the Battle of Langfang
Battle of Langfang
Muslim General Ma Fuxiang, posted in southern Beijing at Hunting Park, attacked and defeated the Eight Nation Alliance led by the British Admiral Seymour at the Battle of Langfang
Battle of Langfang
Oversees Chinese forces during the Langfang fighting.
Battle of Langfang
Supervises Chinese forces opposing Seymour near Langfang.
Legation Diplomacy
Restrains Dong Fuxiang and keeps channels open with foreign diplomats.
Battle of Langfang
Muslim General Ma Fuxiang, posted in southern Beijing at Hunting Park, attacked and defeated the Eight Nation Alliance led by the British Admiral Seymour at the Battle of Langfang
Battle of Langfang
Kansu troops help defeat Seymour near Langfang.
Battle of Langfang
Helps defeat Seymour's relief column near Langfang.
Battle of Langfang
Leads Muslim cavalry against Seymour's force.
Siege of Beijing
Commands Austro-Hungarian sailors in the legation defence.
Death of Ketteler
Kills German minister Clemens von Ketteler.
Assassination of Clemens von Ketteler
The German envoy, Klemens Freiherr von Ketteler was murdered on 20 June, and the foreign powers immediately demanded redress
Diplomatic Mission
The German envoy, Klemens Freiherr von Ketteler was murdered on 20 June, and the foreign powers immediately demanded redress
Siege of Beijing
The legations of the United Kingdom, France, Germany, Italy, Austria-Hungary, Spain, Belgium, The Netherlands, the United States, Russia and Japan were located in the Beijing Legation Quarter south of the Forbidden City. The Chinese army and Boxer irregulars besieged the Legation Quarter from 20 June to 14 August 1900
Siege of Beijing
His Kansu troops attack foreign positions in Beijing.
Siege of Beijing
French forces help defend the Legation Quarter.
Assassination of Clemens von Ketteler
Since Kaiser Wilhelm IIs minister to China, Baron Clemens von Ketteler, was murdered by the Boxers, the Germans "claimed a certain priority in the crusade against Chinese barbarism". Murdered by a mob in response to the Allied Siege of the legations in Peking
Death of Clemens von Ketteler
Murdered by a mob in response to the Allied Siege of the legations in Peking
Death of Ketteler
Is shot while travelling to the Zongli Yamen.
Siege of Beijing
Commands British marines during the siege.
Siege of Beijing
Becomes senior diplomatic organiser inside the legations.
Siege of Beijing
Commands Italian defenders in the Legation Quarter.
Siege of Beijing
Organises disciplined Japanese defence of the legations.
Siege of Beijing
Russian troops hold positions in the Legation Quarter.
Siege of Beijing
Helps defend the American position in the legations.
Siege of Beijing
Commands American Marines defending the legations.
Declaration of War
Issues the imperial declaration against the foreign powers.
Court Diplomacy
Maintains contacts useful for later peace negotiations.
Declaration of War
Declares war against all foreign powers
Declaration of War
Shanghais Chinese elite supported the provincial governors of southeastern China in resisting the Imperial declaration of war. Empress Dowager Cixi, urged by the conservatives of the Imperial Court, supported the Boxers and declared war on foreign powers. A number of regional governors including Li Hongzhang and Zhang Zhidong quietly refused to cooperate
Empress Dowager Cixi declares war against all Foreign powers
Empress Dowager Cixi declares war against all Foreign powers
Rule of China
Empress Dowager Cixi, urged by the conservatives of the Imperial Court, supported the Boxers and declared war on foreign powers
The Boxers
In response to reports of an armed invasion to lift the siege, the initially hesitant Empress Dowager Cixi supported the Boxers and on June 21 issued an Imperial Decree declaring war on the foreign powers. Diplomats, foreign civilians and soldiers as well as Chinese Christians in the Legation Quarter were placed under siege by the Imperial Army of China and the Boxers for 55 days
The Boxers
Chinese officialdom was split between those supporting the Boxers and those favoring conciliation, led by Prince Qing
Declaration of War
Backs war against the foreign powers.
Election
Nominated for the Presidency
Siege of Beijing
Chinese soldiers and Boxers set fire to areas north and west of the British Legation, using it as a "frightening tactic" to attack the defenders
Retreat to Tianjin
Retreats after failing to relieve Beijing.
Legation Defence
Represents Austria-Hungary during the legation siege.
Legation Defence
Takes refuge during the Boxer siege.
Tianjin Fighting
Boxer fighters attack foreign positions near Tianjin.
Siege of Beijing
Commands Qing forces while restraining attacks on the legations.
Anti-War Memorials
Urges the court not to declare war on the powers.
Anti-War Memorials
Opposes the court's drift toward war with foreigners.
Hardliner Policy
Supports the hardline court faction during the crisis.
Southeast Mutual Protection
Keeps Shandong out of the court's war against foreigners.
Southeast Mutual Protection
Joins provincial leaders avoiding war with foreign powers.
Southeast Mutual Protection
Supports provincial neutrality during the Boxer crisis.
Southeast Mutual Protection
Helps keep the lower Yangtze from joining the war.
Completely disregarding diplomatic immunity, the Boxers and some elements of the
Completely disregarding diplomatic immunity, the Boxers and some elements of the Imperial army attacked the foreign compounds in Tianjin and Beijing
Imperial Army
Diplomats, foreign civilians and soldiers, and Chinese Christians in the Legation Quarter were under siege by the Imperial Army of China and the Boxers for 55 days. Completely disregarding diplomatic immunity, the Boxers and some elements of the Imperial army attacked the foreign compounds in Tianjin and Beijing
Imperial Army
Completely disregarding diplomatic immunity, the Boxers and some elements of the Imperial army attacked the foreign compounds in Tianjin and Beijing
Siege of Peking
Diplomats, foreign civilians and soldiers, and Chinese Christians in the Legation Quarter were under siege by the Imperial Army of China and the Boxers for 55 days. Completely disregarding diplomatic immunity, the Boxers and some elements of the Imperial army attacked the foreign compounds in Tianjin and Beijing
Siege of Tianjin
Completely disregarding diplomatic immunity, the Boxers and some elements of the Imperial army attacked the foreign compounds in Tianjin and Beijing
Declaration of War
Japan announces, "no more communication with China - except war"
Siege of Blagoveshchensk
The Boxers bombard the Russian town of Blagoveshchensk that lies across the Amur River
Siege of Peking
The Roman Catholic Church is burnt to the ground
Siege of Port Arhur
The Boxers blow up the railway line under Russian construction to Port Arthur
The Boxers
The Boxers bombard the Russian town of Blagoveshchensk that lies across the Amur River
The Boxers
The Boxers blow up the railway line under Russian construction to Port Arthur
Siege of Peking
Clashes were reported between Chinese factions favoring war and those favoring conciliation, the latter led by Prince Qing
Legation Defence
Takes part in the defence of the legations.
Legation Crisis
Confronts rising danger to the foreign legations.
Capture of Pretoria
British troops enter Pretoria during Roberts's advance.
Seymour Expedition
His relief expedition is blocked before reaching Beijing.
Legation Defence
Organises British participation in legation defence.
Legation Defence
Joins the diplomatic defence during the siege.
Legation Defence
Represents Dutch interests during the crisis.
Legation Defence
Represents Portugal during the siege of the legations.
Legation Defence
Shelters in the besieged Legation Quarter.
Prime Minister of South Africa
Appointed Prime Minister for the fourth and last time in June 1900, when William Philip Schreiner is forced to resign because of his anti-war stance
Resignation of William Philip Schreiner
Favoured negotiation rather than hostilities, to the chagrin of Governor and High Commissioner Alfred Milner, who was actively fomenting war, his stance led his to his forced resignation from the premiership and Parliament
Guerrilla War
Continues guerrilla resistance after British occupation.
Guerrilla War
Leads guerrilla operations in the western Transvaal.
Legation Defence
Shelters in the Legation Quarter during the siege.
Legation Defence
Takes shelter with other diplomats in the Legation Quarter.
July 190038 historical events
Symphony No 1 Final Version
The final version of Symphony No 1 receives its first performance in Helsinki under Robert Kajanus.
Member of Parliament
Elected Member of Parliament for Oldham
Member of Parliament
Churchill claims "a seat lost to the Government is a seat gained to the Boers"
Assassination of Umberto I
Umberto I is assassinated
Death of Umberto I
Death of Umberto I, assassinated
Finlandia Premiere
The revised tone poem Finlandia receives its first performance in Helsinki under Robert Kajanus.
Open Door Policy
Calls for preserving China's territorial integrity.
Action at Wolve Spruit
Richardson rides back under close rifle fire to rescue a wounded Canadian whose horse has been shot.
Battle of Tianjin
Is killed resisting allied forces near Tianjin.
Death of Nie Shicheng
Dies resisting allied forces near Tianjin.
Commonwealth of Australia
Assents to the Australia Federation Bill, creates the Commonwealth of Australia
Commonwealth
Assents to the Australia Federation Bill, creates the Commonwealth of Australia
Constitution of Great Britain
Assents to the Australia Federation Bill, creates the Commonwealth of Australia
Battle of Tianjin
Is killed during the assault on Tianjin.
Tianjin Relief
Commands British troops during operations around Tianjin.
Tianjin Relief
Japanese troops play a major role in fighting near Tianjin.
Battle of Tianjin
American Marines fight in the capture of Tianjin.
Escape from Brandwater Basin
De Wet escapes from the tightening British cordon at Brandwater Basin with a mobile Boer force.
Escape from Brandwater Basin
Steyn escapes the Brandwater Basin with De Wet before British forces complete the encirclement.
Kaufbeuren Appointment
Becomes Bezirksamtmann in Kaufbeuren and assumes responsibility for district administration.
Siege of Beijing
Declines to press the siege of the foreign legations.
Siege of Beijing
Limits pressure on the legations despite hardliner demands.
Siege of Beijing
An armistice is declared by the Chinese
Siege of Beijing
Helps defend the legations and rescue Chinese Christians.
Siege of Mafeking
Mafeking is besieged until British relief arrives in May 1900.
Action at Vredefort
Howse rides into heavy fire to rescue a wounded bugler and later receives the Victoria Cross for the action.
Member of Parliament
Appointed Prospective Member of Parliament for Oldham
Mobilization
Announces French naval reinforcements for Chinese waters.
Mobilization
Present at Bremerhavan when 4,000 German soldiers set sail for China
Hun Speech
Urges German troops to avenge Ketteler's death.
Execution of Xu Jingcheng
Is executed for opposing war with the powers.
Execution of Yuan Chang
Is executed after warning against war.
Brandwater Basin Surrender
Hunter receives the mass surrender of Boer forces trapped in the Brandwater Basin.
Brandwater Basin Surrender
Prinsloo surrenders his surrounded Free State force to Hunter in the Brandwater Basin.
Mobilization
Compares his army to the Huns & himself as Moses leading the Israelites in China
Capture of Peking
Beijing, Tianjin, and other cities in northern China were occupied for more than one year by the international expeditionary force under the command of German General Alfred Graf von Waldersee
Capture of Tientsin
The Allies capture Tientsin. Beijing, Tianjin, and other cities in northern China were occupied for more than one year by the international expeditionary force under the command of German General Alfred Graf von Waldersee
China Relief Expedition
Sends American forces to join the relief expedition.
August 190035 historical events
Elands River Defences
Ham orders his Victorians to dig defensive trenches shortly before the Boer attack on Elands River begins.
Birth of the Queen Mother
Birth of the "Queen Mother"
Siege of Elands River
Hore commands the isolated colonial garrison when De la Rey begins the siege of Elands River.
Gaselee Expedition
Leads British troops in the final relief expedition.
Siege of Elands River
De la Rey surrounds the Elands River post and subjects the garrison to sustained artillery and rifle fire.
Elands River Relief Attempt
Carrington advances from the west to relieve Elands River but Boer resistance forces his column to turn back.
Allied Command
Is appointed commander of the international expeditionary force.
Siege of Beijing
The armistice, although occasionally broken, endured until 13 August when, with an allied army led by the British Alfred Gaselee approaching Beijing to relieve the siege, the Chinese launched their heaviest fusillade on the Legation Quarter. As the foreign army approached, Chinese forces melted away
Relief of Beijing
Austro-Hungarian sailors join the allied advance.
Capture of Beijing
The Eight-Nation Alliance, after being initially turned back, brought 20,000 armed troops to China, defeated the Imperial Army, and captured Beijing on August 14, lifting the siege of the Legations
Siege of Legations
The Eight-Nation Alliance, after being initially turned back, brought 20,000 armed troops to China, defeated the Imperial Army, and captured Beijing on August 14, lifting the siege of the Legations
Relief of Beijing
French troops join the entry into Beijing.
Siege of Peking
The Allies attack the central gates of Peking
Mobilization
Roberts and Buller join forces at Vlakfontein
Mobilization
Roberts and Buller join forces at Vlakfontein
Capture of Beijing
Allied forces enter Beijing and relieve the legations.
Capture of Beijing
British troops are among the first to reach the legations.
Relief of Beijing
Italian troops take part in the allied relief.
Relief of Beijing
Japanese troops help enter Beijing and relieve the legations.
Relief of Beijing
Russian troops join the capture of Beijing.
Relief of Beijing
Commands American troops in the relief of Beijing.
Flight from Beijing
Flees Beijing after allied troops enter the city.
Flight from Beijing
Leaves Beijing with the imperial court.
Relief of Elands River
Kitchener arrives with a large relief column after the Elands River garrison has resisted nearly two weeks of siege.
Battle of Bergendal
Buller attacks the Boer position at Bergendal during the British advance through the eastern Transvaal.
Battle of Bergendal
The Boer Army is defeated
Battle of Bergendal
Viljoen takes part in the Boer defence at Bergendal before the commandos withdraw eastward.
Battle of Bergendal
Is defeated as the British advance through the Transvaal.
Peace Negotiations
Is appointed to negotiate with the foreign powers.
Peace Negotiations
Acts as Qing negotiator with Li Hongzhang.
Siege of Peking
The Allies capture Peking & impose stricter conditions on China
Defence of Manchuria
Commands Qing resistance during the Russian Manchurian campaign.
Russian Occupation of Manchuria
Oversees Russian military expansion in Manchuria.
Manchurian Campaign
Directs Russian operations against Qing forces in Manchuria.
Manchurian Campaign
Commands Russian cavalry during operations in Manchuria.
September 190030 historical events
Action at Warm Bad
Wylly rescues a wounded comrade under close Boer fire at Warm Bad and later receives the Victoria Cross.
Action at Warm Bad
Bisdee rides back under fire at Warm Bad to assist wounded men and later receives the Victoria Cross.
Capture of Transvaal
Roberts formally proclaims the annexation of the Transvaal
Capture of Transvaal
Captures the Boer Republic
Annexation of Transvaal
Proclaims the annexation of the Transvaal.
Capture of Transvaal
Roberts formally proclaims the annexation of the Transvaal
Hejaz Railway
Announces a new railway between Damascus to the Holy Places in Arabia
Capture of Transvaal
Annexation of the Transvaal is announced
Death of Danie Theron
Theron is killed in action while operating against British forces in the Gatsrand area.
Birth of Vulko Velev Chervenkov
Birth of Vulko Velev Chervenkov
Boxer Protocol
China is fined war reparations of 450,000,000 taels of fine silver (1 tael = 1.2 troy ounces) for the loss that it caused
Boxer Protocol
China paid 668,661,220 taels of silver from 1901 to 1939, equivalent in 2010 to ~US$61 billion on a purchasing power parity basis.
Boxer Protocol
The Boxer Protocol of 7 September 1901 ended the uprising and provided for severe punishments, including an indemnity of 67 million pounds (450 million taels of silver), more than the Governments annual tax revenue.
Boxer Protocol
The protocol orders the execution of 10 high-ranking officials linked to the outbreak and other officials who were found guilty for the slaughter of Westerners in China.
Boxer Protocol
The reparation would be paid within 39 years, and would be 982,238,150 taels with interests (4 percent per year) included.
Boxer Protocol
The Boxer Protocol of 7 September 1901 provided for the execution of Government officials who had supported the Boxers, provisions for foreign troops to be stationed in Beijing, and 450 million taels of silver—more than the Government's annual tax revenue—to be paid as indemnity over the course of the next thirty-nine years to the eight nations involved
Execution
The Boxer Protocol orders the execution of 10 high-ranking officials linked to the outbreak and other officials who were found guilty for the slaughter of Westerners in China
Siege of Peking
The Boxer Protocol of 7 September 1901 ended the uprising and provided for severe punishments, including an indemnity of 67 million pounds (450 million taels of silver), more than the Governments annual tax revenue
The Boxers
The Boxer Protocol of 7 September 1901 provided for the execution of Government officials who had supported the Boxers, provisions for foreign troops to be stationed in Beijing, and 450 million taels of silver—more than the Government's annual tax revenue—to be paid as indemnity over the course of the next thirty-nine years to the eight nations involved
Exile of Paulus Kruger
Goes into Portuguese South-East Africa
Arrival in China
Arrives after Beijing has already been relieved.
League of Gaels
Founds the League of Gaels
Punitive Edicts
Issues edicts blaming selected officials for the disaster.
Capture of Peking
The siege was raised when the Eight-Nation Alliance brought 20,000 armed troops to China, defeated the Imperial Army, and captured Beijing
Imperial Army
The siege was raised when the Eight-Nation Alliance brought 20,000 armed troops to China, defeated the Imperial Army, and captured Beijing
Siege of Peking
The siege was raised when the Eight-Nation Alliance brought 20,000 armed troops to China, defeated the Imperial Army, and captured Beijing
China Policy
Supports French participation in the allied settlement.
China Policy
Backs British participation in the allied intervention.
Occupation of Beijing
Japanese troops remain in Beijing after the siege.
Occupation of Beijing
American troops occupy parts of Beijing after relief.
October 190011 historical events
Prime Minister of Spain
Appointed Prime Minister of Spain
Denied an audience by Wilhelm II of Germany
Denied an audience by Wilhelm II of Germany
Birth of Heinrich Himmler
Birth of Heinrich Himmler, near Munich, son of a Schoolmaster
Birth of Alastair Sim
Birth of Alastair Sim
Exile of Paulus Kruger
Leaves for Europe
Lieutenant Colonel
Appointed Lieutenant Colonel
Punitive Expeditions
Directs punitive expeditions in northern China.
Election
During the "Khaki election" the new Labour Party has only £33 expenses and wins just 62,698 votes
Labour Representation Committee (LRC)
During the "Khaki election" the new Labour Party has only £33 expenses and wins just 62,698 votes
Punitive Expeditions
British forces join operations after the relief of Beijing.
Election
Wins the presidential election for the 2nd time
November 19009 historical events
Battle of Leliefontein
Cockburn leads cavalrymen protecting the retreating guns at Leliefontein and later receives the Victoria Cross.
Battle of Leliefontein
Turner helps protect the Canadian rearguard during the withdrawal at Leliefontein and later receives the Victoria Cross.
Battle of Leliefontein
Holland keeps his Colt machine gun firing against the Boer advance and carries the weapon away when its carriage horse is shot.
Commander in Chief Appointment
Succeeds Roberts as commander in chief in South Africa.
South African Command
Directs the later counter-guerrilla phase of the war.
Commander in Chief
Succeeds Roberts as commander in chief in South Africa.
Battle of Rhenosterkop
Paget launches repeated attacks on the Boer position at Rhenosterkop but fails to break the defence.
Battle of Rhenosterkop
Viljoen's outnumbered force repels Paget's attacks at Rhenosterkop before withdrawing during the night.
Death of Oscar Wilde
Death of Oscar Wilde
December 190012 historical events
Defection
Informs his constituency he will not contest the next election. Churchill has decided to join the Liberal Party
Election
Informs his constituency he will not contest the next election
Battle of Nooitgedacht
De la Rey combines with Beyers to attack Clements's camp at Nooitgedacht and inflict a severe defeat.
Defection
Supports the prospective Liberal Party candidate at the Ludlow by-election
Election
Supports the prospective Liberal Party candidate at the Ludlow by-election
Iskra Founded
Helps launch Iskra as a central paper for Russian Marxists.
Iskra Editorial Board
Works with Plekhanov and Lenin on Iskra.
Iskra Editorial Board
Works on Iskra as part of the exile editorial circle.
Iskra Founded
Serves as senior Marxist figure in the Iskra group.
Iskra Founded
Joins Lenin and Plekhanov in the Iskra editorial group.
Defection
Dines with Lloyd George to sound him out about joining the Liberal Party
Guerrilla War Strategy Adopted
Adapts British operations after Boer commandos shift from conventional battle to dispersed guerrilla warfare.
Southern Cross Expedition
Among the scientists was the Tasmanian Louis Bernacchi, who had studied magnetism and meteorology at the Melbourne Observatory
Commonwealth
Creates an Australian Commonwealth
Marriage
Franz Ferdinand marries Countess Sophie Chotek
Marriage
Franz Ferdinand marries Countess Sophie Chotek
Lohner-Porsche Electric Car
Presents an electric automobile using motors mounted in the wheel hubs.
Wheel-Hub Motor Vehicle
Demonstrates an influential early design for electric and hybrid vehicles.
Birth of Pauli Wolfgang
Birth of Pauli Wolfgang, originator of the "exclusion principle"
The Interpretation of Dreams
Publication of "The Interpretation of Dreams"
Marriage
Marries Duchess Elizabeth of Bavaria
Minister of Public Works
Appointed Minister of Public Works
Compulsory Military Service Law
Leads the government when Chile introduces compulsory military service as part of army modernization.
The Boxers
Boxer fighters, convinced they were invulnerable to foreign weapons, converged on Beijing with the slogan "Support Qing Government and exterminate the foreigners."
Yihetuan
The anti-western Boxer (Yihetuan) rebellion is crushed by foreign troops (Russia, Britain, France, Japan, USA) and Tsu Hsi flees to the mountains
Rusalka
Composition of "Rusalka"
College de France
Bergson is appointed to a chair at the College de France.
Le Federalisme Economique
Publication of "Le Federalisme Economique"
Grignard Reagent
Develops organomagnesium reagents for forming carbon-carbon bonds.
Organomagnesium Synthesis
Creates a versatile method for synthesizing complex organic compounds.
Sorbonne Professor
Becomes professor in the Faculty of Sciences.
Major
Appointed Major
Chancellor
Appointed Chancellor of Germany
Purchase of Carolines
Purchases the Caroline Islands & Samoa
Purchase of Samoa
Purchases the Caroline Islands & Samoa
Rule of Carolines
Purchases the Caroline Islands & Samoa
Rule of Samoa
Purchases the Caroline Islands & Samoa
Minister President
Appointed Minister President of Prussia
Birth of Hans-Georg Gadamer
Birth of Hans-Georg Gadamer
Death of Friedrich Nietzsche
Friedrich Wilhelm Nietzsche dies in Weimar.
Logical Investigation
Publication of "Logical Investigation"
Demokratie und Kaisertum
Publication of "Demokratie und Kaisertum"
Birth of Rudolph Hoess
Birth of Rudolph Hoess
Education
Obtains a doctorate for his thesis on the Berlin beer industry
Discovery of Radon
Observes a radioactive gas emitted by radium, later recognised as the noble gas radon and placed with the other inert gases in the periodic table.
Electron Theory of Metals
Models conduction in metals as the motion of mobile charged particles and lays foundations for the classical electron theory of conductivity.
Armament
German naval expansion reflects lessons drawn during the Boer War.
Legislation
German naval expansion reflects lessons drawn during the Boer War.
Supplementary Naval Act
German naval expansion reflects lessons drawn during the Boer War.
Assassination of Clemens von Ketteler
Since Kaiser Wilhelm IIs minister to China, Baron Clemens von Ketteler, was murdered by the Boxers, the Germans "claimed a certain priority in the crusade against Chinese barbarism"
Commander of Allied Forces
Serves as Allied Supreme Commander in China in 1900-1901. Proposed by the Tsar of Russia, and seconded by the Japanese, as the first Allied Supreme Commander of modern times
Prussian Cadet Corps
Manstein entered the Prussian cadet system and began formal military training. His education at cadet schools in Plön and later near Berlin prepared him for service as a professional army officer.
Commander of Allied Forces
Serves as Allied Supreme Commander in China in 1900-1901
On several occasions Waldersee accompanied Prince Wilhelm, the future Kaiser Wilhelm II
On several occasions Waldersee accompanied Prince Wilhelm, the future Kaiser Wilhelm II, on trips abroad, representing the princes grandfather Kaiser Wilhelm I
Exile of Prempeh
Sent into exile to the Seychelles after leading a failed rebellion against the British
Reballion of Prempeh
Leads a rebellion against the British
Exile of Asibi
Sent into exile to the Seychelles after leading a failed rebellion against the British
Reballion of Asibi
Leads a rebellion against the British
Reballion of Prempeh
Leads a rebellion against the British
The Visits of Elizabeth
Publication of "The Visits of Elizabeth"
Love and Mr Lewisham
Publication of "Love and Mr Lewisham"
Lord Jim
Publication of "Lord Jim"
Bournville Village Trust
Cadbury establishes a trust to manage and extend the Bournville model community.
Discovery of South Pole
The National Antarctic Expedition accept Shackleton
National Antarctic Expedition
The National Antarctic Expedition accept Shackleton
Majestic Boer War Transport Service
Commands Majestic on troop-transport voyages connected with British operations during the South African War.
Financial Secretary of Treasury
Appointed Financial Secretary to the Treasury
Solicitor General
Appointed Solicitor General
Member of Parliament
First elected Member of Parliament for Plymouth, Winston Churchills cousin
Foreign Secretary of Great Britain
Appointed Foreign Secretary
Treaty of Tianjin
The number of Treaty ports in China is increased to 50
Visit to Dublin
Visits Dublin for the 1st time in 40 years. Lifts the ban on wearing green & supports St Patricks Day parades
Peerage
Created Viscount Goschen
Commonwealth of Australia
Appointed Governor General of the Commonwealth of Australia
Commonwealth
Appointed Governor General of the Commonwealth of Australia
Governor
Appointed Governor General of the Commonwealth of Australia
Birth of youngest daughter
Youngest daughter of the 14th Earl of Strathmore & Kinghorne
Ian Hamiltons March Published
Churchill published Ian Hamiltons March, continuing his historical account of the South African War.
London to Ladysmith Published
Churchill published London to Ladysmith via Pretoria, recounting his experiences as a correspondent in South Africa.
Savrola Novel Published
Churchill published Savrola, a political novel exploring revolution and parliamentary government.
Labour Party
129 Trades Unions delegates pass Hardie's motion to establish "a distinct Labour group in Parliament"
Labour Party
Helps create an association called the Labour Representation Committee (LRC) to coordinate attempts to support MPs sponsored by trade unions and represent the working-class population
Labour Representation Committee (LRC)
129 Trades Unions delegates pass Hardie's motion to establish "a distinct Labour group in Parliament"
Labour Representation Committee (LRC)
Helps create the Labour Representation Committee (LRC), meant to coordinate attempts to support MPs, MPs sponsored by trade unions and representing the working-class population
Member of Parliament
Elected Member of Parliament for Merthyr Tydfil
Family
Works as a miner and shapes Bevan's working-class background.
Family
Raises Bevan in a large Tredegar mining family.
Election
15 candidatures are sponsored, 2 are successful, Keir Hardie in Merthyr Tydfil and Richard Bell in Derby
Election
15 candidatures are sponsored, 2 are successful, Keir Hardie in Merthyr Tydfil and Richard Bell in Derby
Labour Representation Committee (LRC)
Helps create the Labour Representation Committee (LRC), meant to coordinate attempts to support MPs, MPs sponsored by trade unions and representing the working-class population
Labour Representation Committee (LRC)
Appointed Chairman of the LRC
First Secretary
Appointed First Secretary of the Labour Party, 1st term
Labour Representation Committee (LRC)
The Independent Labour Party nominee Ramsay MacDonald is elected as Secretary of the Labour Representation Committee
Labour Representation Committee (LRC)
Attends the 1900 conference that formes the Labour Representation Committee which became the Labour Party
Member of Parliament
Elected Member of Parliament for Oldham, joint Member of Parliament for Oldham with Winston Churchill
Royal Society
Appointed President of the Royal Society
Historic Frome Courses Become Street Alignments
Former river margins persisted in street patterns and land levels after the watercourse was enclosed. The project reduced a particular obstacle to waterfront development.
Original Machine Tools Survive Industrial Change
The Block Mills retained evidence of pioneering nineteenth century mechanical engineering practices. The process reduced dependence on traditional individually shaped components.
Salthouse Quay Operations Persist
The old wet dock continued handling shipping within a waterfront increasingly reorganised around newer facilities. The change expanded options for the use of Liverpool dock facilities.
Discovery of Rayleighs Law
Formulates a law relating to black body radiation
League Championship Retained
Villa retains the Football League championship for the first time in club history.
Brettell Guides Pompey Into Southern League
Brettell leads the newly established Portsmouth side in its early Southern League seasons as the club begins building a professional football identity.
Fifth League Championship
Aston Villa retains the championship under Ramsay during the 1899/1900 season.
The Great Boer War
Publication of "The Great Boer War"
Battle of Helpmekaar
Takes part in raising the siege of Dundee
Battle of Spion Kop
At the Battle of Spion Kop
Capture of Orange Free State
British forces occupy the Orange Free State and rename it the Orange River Colony.
Lieutenant
Appointed Lieutenant in the South African Light Horse
Concentration Camps
Uses concentration camps to restrict Boer commando support.
Senior Staff Officer
Appointed Senior Staff Officer to Sir Archibald Hunter, General Officer Commanding 10th Division
Concentration Camps
Uses concentration camps to restrict Boer commando support.
Railway Communications Secured
Strengthens protection and use of railways as the British campaign moves into the Transvaal.
Siege of Peking
Commands the land force which relieves Peking
Lieutenant
Appointed Lieuetenant in the South African Light Horse
Senior Staff Officer
Appointed Senior Staff Officer to Sir Archibald Hunter, General Officer Commanding 10th Division
Major General
Appointed Major General
Birth of Ladisla Biro
Birth of Ladisla Biro
Succession
Succeeds as King of Italy, Son of Umberto I
Foreign Secretary of Japan
Appointed Foreign Minister, 1st term
Prime Minister of Japan
Appointed Prime Minister of Japan, 4th term
Discourse on the Awakening of Faith in the Mahayana
Publication of "Discourse on the Awakening of Faith in the Mahayana"
RSP
Founds the Rikken-Seiyukai Party
Party Leader
Appointed Party Leader of the Rikken Seiyukai Party
RSP
Founder of the Rikken-Seiyukai Party
Southern Cross Expedition
The party left Cape Adare in Southern Cross to explore the Ross Sea, following the route taken by Ross sixty years earlier. They reached the Great Ice Barrier, where a team of three made the first sledge journey on the Barrier surface, during which a new Farthest South record latitude was established at 78 degrees 50 mins S
Livia Quintilla
Composes, "Livia Quintilla"
Arrest of Josef Klemens Pilsudski
Manages to escape to England & returns to Poland in 1902
Exile of Josef Klemens Pilsudski
Manages to escape to England & returns to Poland in 1902
Ecole Normale Teaching
Begins teaching physics at the Ecole Normale Superieure for women.
Minister of Interior
Appointed Minister of the Interior
Capitalism and Agriculture
Stresses the vitality of smaller Russian farms in a Marxist revisionist book. Publication of "Capitalism & Agriculture"
Far Eastern Policy
Warns that reckless Far Eastern expansion could endanger Russia.
Railway Finance
Uses state borrowing and foreign loans to fund railway building.
Press
Meets Lenin & Martov for the publication of a paper abroad called Iskra, The Spark
On the Philosophy of the Superman
Writes an early essay criticizing Nietzschean individualism and examining the social meaning of the superman idea.
Capture of Kirin
Commands cavalry operations during Russia's Manchurian campaign.
Capture of Tsitsihar
Captures Tsitsihar during Russian operations in Manchuria.
Capture of Manchuria
Russia captures Manchuria during the Boxer Rebellion but returns it afterwards
Birth of Nikolai Fyodorovich Vatutin
Birth of Nikolai Fyodorovich Vatutin
Major General
Appointed Major General
Birth of Jacob Gideon Nel Strauss
Birth of Jacob Gideon Nel Strauss
Guerrilla Campaign
Adopts mobile guerrilla tactics after British occupation of major towns.
Mobile Boer Resistance
Maintains armed resistance despite formal British annexation.
General
Appointed a General
El Gallo de Socrates
Publication of "El Gallo de Socrates"
Succession
Succeeds as King of Swaziland
Death of Osman Nuri Pasha
Death of Osman Nuri Pasha
The Wonderful Wizard of Oz
Publication of "The Wonderful Wizard of Oz"
Sister Carrie
Publication of "Sister Carrie"
Rule of Philippines
William McKinley appoints Taft as the chairman of a commission to organize a civilian Government in the Philippines, which had been ceded to the United States by Spain following the Spanish-American War
Begins Cambridge Studies
Strachey entered Trinity College Cambridge and developed interests in literature and history.
Law Elected for Glasgow Blackfriars
Bonar Law enters the House of Commons as a Conservative MP representing Glasgow Blackfriars and Hutchesontown.