1901 in History

Scott is given overall command, and is promoted to the rank of Commander before Discovery sailed for the Antarctic

Bell covers the withdrawal of dismounted men under close Boer fire and later receives the Victoria Cross for his actions.

Maygar rides into danger to help a dismounted soldier escape an attempted Boer encirclement and later receives the Victoria Cross.

Hardham rides back under heavy fire to rescue a wounded soldier and later becomes the first New Zealand-born recipient of the Victoria Cross.

Rogers repeatedly rides back under heavy fire to rescue dismounted comrades during a skirmish near Thaba Nchu.

The rebel leader is captured after leading a revolt against US hegemony

Assassination of Nikolai Petrovich Bogolepov

An anarchist who assassinates President William McKinley in New York at the Buffalo Pan-American Exposition

Assassinated in Buffalo, New York

Signs the Boxer Protocol while Britain is still fighting in South Africa.

Achieves a major late-war tactical success in eastern Transvaal.

Receives active diplomatic support from British minister Sir Arthur Hardinge during negotiations in Tehran.

Smuts crosses the Orange River with his commando and begins a difficult campaign deep inside Cape Colony.

Invades Cape Colony to spread guerrilla resistance.

Leads a commando raid into Cape Colony.

The Commonwealth of Australia is established

The Commonwealth of Australia is established

The Constitution of 1901 strengthened the presidency and reorganized the federal states.

Receives a sixty-year concession granting extensive rights to explore, produce, transport and market Persian petroleum.

Lunches with Herbert Gladstone to discuss seats for himself as a Liberal MP

Begins the Deuntzer Government in Copenhagen and serves as Council President of Denmark.

Discovery sails for the Antarctic

Scott is given overall command, and is promoted to the rank of Commander before Discovery sailed for the Antarctic. Despite an almost total lack of Antarctic or Arctic experience within the 50-strong party, there was very little special training in equipment or techniques before the ship set sail

The Discovery sets sail from the Isle of Wight

Discovery sails from Cowes on the British National Antarctic Expedition under Scott's command

The Discovery arrives in New Zealand

The Discovery sets sail from Lyttleton, New Zealand

The Sehested Government ends in Copenhagen, concluding this term as Council President of Denmark.

The protocol orders the execution of 10 high-ranking officials linked to the outbreak and other officials who were found guilty for the slaughter of Westerners in China

Appoints his cousin Kaiser Wihelm II of Germany as a Field-Marshal in the British Army

Appointed Governor of the Philippines

Victoria collapses at Osborne House

Carden takes command of HMS Immortalité, the seagoing tender to Wildfire at Sheerness.

The Commonwealth of Australia is established. Appointed the 1st Prime Minister of an independent Australia

Cuba gains independence from Spain, the US withdraws its troops

Cuba gains independence from Spain, the US withdraws its troops

Rejects terms that do not satisfy the Boer leadership.

Condemns British methods in South Africa as barbarism.

Meets Kitchener to discuss possible peace.

Meets Lord Kitchener to discuss possible peace terms.

Offers terms that Boer leaders reject.

Receives the first Nobel Prize in Chemistry for work on chemical dynamics and osmotic pressure.

Is awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature for idealistic and artistically accomplished poetry.

Receives the first Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for serum therapy against diphtheria.

Receives the first Nobel Prize in Physics for discovering the radiation later called X-rays.

Accepts exclusion of five northern Persian provinces from the concession to reduce conflict with Russian interests.

Meets Antoine Kitabgi in Paris and agrees in principle to seek a Persian petroleum concession.

The Peace of Beijing ends the Boxer Rebellion. China is forced to pay ineminities to the world powers

Raids on Peking bring the Chinese to the peace table

Agrees cash, share and sixteen-percent profit terms with the Persian government under the oil concession.

Takes office as President of Chile and governs during the parliamentary republic.

Assumes acting presidential powers after Federico Errazuriz Echaurren dies in office.

Appointed President of Ecuador, 1st term

Begins a one-year term as President of the Swiss Confederation.

Boer leaders sign the Pretoria Convention restoring Transvaal self-government.

Boer leaders sign the Pretoria Convention restoring Transvaal self-government.

Appointed Prime Minister of Australia

Appointed Prime Minister of Iceland

Appointed Prime Minister of Spain, 7th term

Signs treaty clearing the way for a United States built canal

As captain of Immortalité, Carden performs seagoing tender duties for the Sheerness flagship establishment.

Churchill makes his maiden speech in the House of Commons

Habibullah Khan succeeds his father without a major succession war.

Einstein becomes a Swiss citizen after having been stateless since 1896.

Morgan organises United States Steel as the world's first billion-dollar corporation.

Birth of Clark Gable

Birth of Frank James "Gary" Cooper

Birth of Hendrik Verwoerd

Birth of Hirohito

Birth of Walt Disney

Birth of William Wyler

Abdur Rahman dies after creating a highly centralized Afghan state.

Death of Nikolai Petrovich Begolepov, assassinated

Death of Victoria, at Osborne House, longest & oldest British monarch

Death of William McKinley, of gangrene after assassination attempt

Is mortally wounded during Botha's victory.

Botha defeats a British force

Defeats a British column at Bakenlaagte.

Defeats a British force at Bakenlaagte.

Brits participates in the coordinated Boer assault that overwhelms part of Benson's column at Bakenlaagte.

Grobler commands Boer fighters in the attack on Benson's rearguard at Bakenlaagte.

Opperman takes part in Botha's attack at Bakenlaagte and is killed during the Boer victory.

Viljoen leads one of the Boer groups involved in the successful attack on the British rearguard at Bakenlaagte.

Botha launches a night attack on Smith-Dorrien's force at Chrissiesmeer but cannot hold the British camp.

Smith-Dorrien withstands Botha's night attack at Chrissiesmeer and retains control of his position.

De Wet launches a surprise Christmas attack on the British camp at Groenkop and captures much of the position.

Williams commands the Imperial Yeomanry camp at Groenkop when De Wet launches a surprise Christmas attack.

Bouwer leads Boer scouts and fighters into the attack that overwhelms the 17th Lancers at Modderfontein.

Reitz fights in the close attack on the 17th Lancers and obtains British equipment after the camp is overrun.

Sandeman rallies C Squadron of the 17th Lancers as Smuts's commando attacks their exposed camp from several directions.

Smuts attacks a camp of the 17th Lancers at Modderfontein and secures horses, weapons and supplies for his commando.

Van Deventer leads part of Smuts's commando around the British position during the attack at Modderfontein.

De la Rey orders an attack on Kekewich's column near the Selons River at Moedwil.

Kekewich directs the defence of his camp at Moedwil and is wounded during the Boer attack.

Kemp leads the main Boer assault against the British bivouac at Moedwil.

Armstrong is killed during the intense fighting between Dixon's column and Boer commandos at Vlakfontein.

De la Rey's commandos attack Dixon's column at Vlakfontein and temporarily capture British guns during the fighting.

Dixon reorganizes his force after the Boer charge at Vlakfontein and recovers the captured guns.

Kemp leads Boer fighters in the assault on the British rearguard at Vlakfontein.