President of Switzerland
Begins a one-year term as President of the Swiss Confederation.
Historical events in 1903
200 historical records
January 190313 historical events
Death of Alois Hitler
Death of Alois Hitler, Adolf Hitler's father
Death of Alois Hitler
Death of Alois Hitler, Adolf Hitler's father
Tour de France
Geo Lefevre surveys the 1st Tour de France route and on 19 January 1903, just four days after losing the plagiarism suit to Giffard, Desgrange announced the race on the pages of the newly-christened L'Auto.
Tour de France
The Tour de France is announced for the 1st time.
Tour de France
The race was advertised as "the greatest cycling trial in the entire world.."
Tour de France
The route would last more than a month and run from Paris through Lyon, Marseille, Toulouse, Bordeaux, and Nantes before returning to Paris.
Succession
Succeeds as King of Great Britain. Proclaimed Emperor of India
Tour de France
A race more than a month long: Paris to Lyon to Marseille to Toulouse to Bordeaux to Nantes to Paris"
Tour de France
Desgrange announced the race on the pages of the newly-christened lAuto. The race would be "the greatest cycling trial in the entire world.
Tour de France
Desgrange moved the race to July 1 to July 19, promised a five france per day living allowance to the first fifty riders and upped the prize money to 20,000 francs. 60 riders rose to the challenge.
Tour de France
Desgrange scheduled five weeks for this epic from May 31 to 5 July, specified "equal terms" (no pacers), an entry fee of twenty francs.
Tour de France
The conditions were deemed too hard, such that with a week to go, only fifteen had signed up for the event.
February 190315 historical events
Discovery Expedition
Among these, against his will, was the convalescent Shackleton, who Scott decided "ought not to risk further hardships in his present state of health".
Discovery Expedition
The party eventually reached the Discovery on 3 February 1903 after covering 960 miles (1,540 km) including relays, in 93 days travel at a daily average of just over 10 miles (16 km).
Discovery Expedition
The relief ship provided an opportunity for some of the party to return home.
Return from Antarctica
Returns from the southern journey weakened by illness and is later sent home on the relief ship Morning
Reform of Government
Russia & Austria jointly demand Turkey make reforms in the Balkans
Rule of Balkans
Russia & Austria jointly demand Turkey make reforms in the Balkans
Birth of George's Simenon
Birth of George's Simenon, creator of Maigret
Balkan Reforms
Russian policy supports Austro-Russian demands for reforms in the Balkans.
Rule of Balkans
Russian and Austrian diplomacy presses Turkey for Macedonian reforms.
Russia & Austria jointly demand Turkey make reforms in the Balkans
Russia & Austria jointly demand Turkey make reforms in the Balkans
Rule of Balkans
Russia & Austria jointly demand Turkey make reforms in the Balkans
Russia & Austria jointly demand Turkey make reforms in the Balkans
Russia & Austria jointly demand Turkey make reforms in the Balkans
Washington Protocols
The Washington Protocols ended the blockade and referred creditor claims to international arbitration.
Speech
Speaks in the Commons against the Governments proposed increase in military spending
Invasion of Manchuria
Agrees to the Russian annexation of Manchuria
March 19033 historical events
President of Uruguay
Begins his first presidency and launches the reformist programme later known as Batllismo
Discovery Expedition
At the end of March 1903 the Morning is ordered to return, leaving supplies with the Discovery, still sealed in the ice, several crew are exchanged, including Shackleton, who was considered not healthy enough to remain for the winter
Invalided Home from Discovery
Shackleton leaves the Discovery expedition early because of poor health and returns home aboard the relief ship Morning.
April 19033 historical events
Massacre
Plehve blames the Jews for revolutionary feeling. 50 Jews are killed during an anti-Jewish pogrom
Birth of Ronglu
Death of Ronglu
Discovery of Typhus Vaccine
Discovers the typhus vaccine
May 19038 historical events
Visit to Paris
1st day of a good will visit to Paris
Birth of Pedro Eugenio Aramburu Cilveti
Birth of Pedro Eugenio Aramburu Cilveti
Speech
Supports Free Trade in answer to Chamberlains speech in favour of Imperial Preference
Birth of Otto Abetz
Birth of Otto Abetz
Speech
Attacks his party's proposals to increase military expenditure
Speech
Rebukes Chamberlains speech on Imperial Preference in the Commons
FFL
Founds the Free Food League with Conservative MPs in favour of free trade
Free Food League
Founds the Free Food League with Conservative MPs in favour of free trade
June 19033 historical events
Ford Motor Company
Ford and twelve investors establish Ford Motor Company with twenty-eight thousand dollars.
Birth of George Orwell
Birth of George Orwell, born Eric Arthur Blair, in Motihari.
Doctorate
Receives her doctorate for research on radioactive substances.
July 19037 historical events
Birth of Alexander Frederick Douglas-Home
Birth of Alexander Frederick Douglas-Home
Prime Minister of Spain
Appointed Prime Minister of Spain, 1st term
Second Congress
Attends the Second Congress where party disputes intensify.
Second Congress
Defends a broader definition of party membership.
Tour de France
Promotion of the Tour de France proved a great success for the LAuto newspaper. Circulation leapt from 25,000 before the Tour to 65,000 after it. Follows the race as best he could, sometimes riding in the bunch on his bicycle, then catching a train to go ahead to see to the next checkpoint - a one-man, roving commissaire, organiser and reporter
Tour de France
When Garin rode into Paris as winner, in front of a crowd of 20,000 paying spectators, Desgrange rushed out a special edition of lAuto, whose sales had rocketed to 130,000. The first running had been a resounding success
Arrest of Benito Amilicare Andrea Mussolini
Arrested as an agitator & is expelled from Switzerland
August 190314 historical events
Bolshevik Menshevik Split
Wins support for a tighter centralised party organisation.
Menshevik Faction
Supports Martov against Lenin in party disputes.
Second Congress
Helps secure adoption of the party programme.
Second Congress
Sides with Martov during the early factional dispute.
Bolshevik Menshevik Split
Becomes associated with the Menshevik faction after the split.
Chairman of Committee of Ministers
Appointed chairman of the Committee of Ministers.
Committee of Ministers
Moves from finance to the chairmanship of the Committee of Ministers.
Loss of Finance Ministry
Leaves direct control of the Finance Ministry.
Death of Robert Arthur Talbot Gascoyne-Cecil
Death of Robert Arthur Talbot Gascoyne-Cecil
Death of Robert Arthur Talbot Gascoyne-Cecil
Death of Robert Arthur Talbot Gascoyne-Cecil
Portsmouth Command Assumed
Fisher becomes Commander-in-Chief at Portsmouth.
Dismissal
Dismisses Witte as Minister of Finance
Bolshevik Party
Appointed Member of Bolshevik Party
RSDLP
The first Congress of the newly formed Russian Social Democratic Labor Party (RSDLP) is held, and from then on Trotsky considered himself a member of the party
October 19035 historical events
Marriage
Prince Andrew marries Her Serene Highness Princess Alice of Battenberg in a civil wedding
WPSU
Helps found the Womens Political & Social Union, daughter of Emily Pankhurst
WPSU
Founds the Womens Political & Social Union to campaign for female emancipation
Second Francis Hagerup Government
Begins the Second Francis Hagerup Government in Oslo and serves as Prime Minister of Norway.
First Otto Blehr Government
The First Otto Blehr Government ends in Oslo, concluding this term as Prime Minister of Norway.
November 19031 historical events
Discovery Expedition
While the Morning is refitted for another relief voyage, this time organised by the Admiralty rather than the Royal Geographical Society, she sails south again in November, in company with a second relief ship, Terra Nova.
December 190314 historical events
Kuolema Premiere
Conducts the first performance of his incidental music for Kuolema at the Finnish National Theatre in Helsinki.
Prime Minister of Spain
Appointed Prime Minister of Spain
Nobel Prize
Shares the Nobel Prize in Physics for discovering spontaneous radioactivity.
Nobel Prize in Physics
Shares the Nobel Prize in Physics for radiation research.
Nobel Prize
Shares the Nobel Prize in Physics for research on radiation phenomena discovered by Henri Becquerel.
Nobel Prize in Literature
Is awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature for noble, versatile, and inspired poetry.
Nobel Prize in Physics
Shares the Nobel Prize in Physics for radiation research.
Nobel Prize
Shares the Nobel Prize in Physics and becomes the first woman to receive a Nobel Prize.
Nobel Prize
Receives the Nobel Prize in Chemistry for the theory of electrolytic dissociation.
Electrolytic Dissociation Recognition
Gains international recognition for explaining ions in chemical solutions.
Discovery Expedition
The party reached Discovery on 24 December, after a round trip of seven hundred miles covered in 59 days. Their daily average of over 14 miles on this man-hauling journey was significantly better than that achieved with dogs on the previous seasons southern journey, a fact which further strengthened Scotts prejudices against dogs
1st Flight
At the controls during the 1st flight in a powered aircraft, 120ft in 12 seconds
1st Flight
Makes the 1st flight in a powered aircraftl, North Carolina, 120ft in 12 seconds
Declaration of War
Japan decides to go to war with Russia
Habibia School
Habibullah establishes Habibia School as an important institution for modern education.
Liberal Protectionist Government
Forms a Liberal Protectionist Government dependent on Labour support
Prime Minister of Australia
Appointed Prime Minister of Australia, 1st term
Prime Minister of Australia
Appointed Prime Minister of Australia, 1st term
Bohemian Landtag
Appointed Member of Bohemian Landtag
Landtag
Appointed Member of Bohemian Landtag
Succession
Succeeds to the Wurttemberg throne
Armida
Composition of "Armida"
Die Soziale Revolution
Publication of "Die Soziale Revolution"
Nobel Prize
Receives the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for treating disease, especially lupus vulgaris, with concentrated light radiation.
University Physics Studies Begin
Enters the University of Copenhagen to study physics, with mathematics, astronomy and chemistry as supporting subjects.
Davy Medal
Receives the Davy Medal with Marie Curie.
Tour de France
Follows the race as best he could, sometimes riding in the bunch on his bicycle, then catching a train to go ahead to see to the next checkpoint - a one-man, roving commissaire, organiser and reporter.
Tour de France
Promotion of the Tour de France proved a great success for the LAuto newspaper. Circulation leapt from 25,000 before the Tour to 65,000 after it.
Tour de France
Suggests the idea for the Tour de France at a meeting with Henri Desgrange, editor of the daily newspaper LAuto as a way to boost circulation. Desgrange recruited Lefevre from the rival daily sports paper, Le Velo, to work as his rugby and cycling correspondent
Tour de France
Winner of the Tour de France, 1st ever winner
Tour de France
A race more than a month long: Paris to Lyon to Marseille to Toulouse to Bordeaux to Nantes to Paris". Appointed Tour Director of the Tour de France
Tour de France
Desgrange scheduled five weeks for this epic from May 31 to 5 July, specified "equal terms" (no pacers), an entry fee of twenty francs. The conditions were deemed too hard, such that with a week to go, only fifteen had signed up for the event.
Tour de France
When Garin rode into Paris as winner, in front of a crowd of 20,000 paying spectators, Desgrange rushed out a special edition of lAuto, whose sales had rocketed to 130,000. The first running had been a resounding success.
Principles of War
Publication of "Principles of War"
Symphony No 2 in C minor
Completes the final revision of Symphony No. 2 in C minor
Embassy Counselor
Appointed Consul General to London
Election
The Tariff Law increased food prices & the Social Democrats gain 25 seats. The Centre Party holds the balance of power
Birth of Theodor W. Adorno
Theodor W. Adorno is born in Frankfurt.
Reichstag
Appointed Member of Reichstag
Bavarian Cadet Corps Entry
Jodl enters the Bavarian Cadet Corps in Munich and begins formal military education.
Chief of Naval Staff
Appointed Chief of Staff, Naval
Grand Admiral
Appointednd Admiral of the German Navy
Subultern
Appointed Subaltern in von Hindenburgs old regiment
General
Appointed commanding General
Quartermaster General
Appointed Quartermaster General
Baltic Sea Naval Station
Appointed Commander of the Baltic Sea Naval Station
Commander of Baltic Sea Naval Station
Appointed Commander of the Baltic Sea Naval Station
University Buildings
Designs major University of Birmingham buildings including the Chancellor’s Court scheme.
Indra
Composes, "Indra"
The Riddle of the Sands", a story about a German invasion
Publication of "The Riddle of the Sands", a story about a German invasion
The Riddle of the Sands
Publication of "The Riddle of the Sands", a story about a German invasion
The Way of All Flesh
Publication of "The Way of All Flesh"
Discovery of South Pole
Scotts team, including Shakleton, reaches the furthest south so far at 82 degrees 17S. Scott blames Shackleton for not reaching the Pole, the team was suffering from scurvy
Discovery of South Pole
Scotts team reaches the furthest south so far at 82 degrees 17S
Secretary of Scottish Geograpical Society
Appointed Secretary of the Scottish Geograpical Society
Chancellor of the Exchequer
Appointed Foreign Minister
Free Trade
Supports Free Trade & opposes Chamberlains policy of Imperial Preference
Free Trade
Supports Free Trade & opposes Chamberlains policy of Imperial Preference
Secretary of State for War and the Colonies
Appointed Secretary of State for War and the Colonies
Economy
Chamberlain campaigns for Imperial Preference & provokes Conservative free traders
Rosyth Naval Base
Rosyth naval base is constructed
Member of Parliament
Elected Member of Parliament
First Exploitation Company Formed
Forms the First Exploitation Company as petroleum exploration in Persia becomes a structured commercial venture.
Resignation of Spencer Cavendish
As a free trader opposes tariff reform
Army Estimates Parliamentary Criticism
Churchill argued in Parliament against expensive military proposals and articulated a position on defense spending.
Principles of Mathematics
Publication of "The Principles of Mathematics". Publication of "Principles of Mathematics"
The Principles of Mathematics
Publication of "The Principles of Mathematics". Publication of "Principles of Mathematics"
Party Leader
Appointed Party Leader of the Independent Labour Party
Labour Representation Committee (LRC)
Appointed Chairman of the LRC
Archbishop of Canterbury
Appointed Archbishop of Canterbury
Archbishop
Appointed Archbishop of Canterbury
Radioactive Decay
Explains radioactive transformation in uranium decay chains.
The Pathway to Reality
Publication of "The Pathway to Reality"
Radioactive Decay
Develops radioactive decay theory using uranium and thorium studies.
Barcelona Presidency
Becomes FC Barcelona president after previously playing for the club and serving on its committee.
Inspector
Appointed Inspector General of Cavalry on return to England
Indian Army Unification Programme Begun
Begins completing the unification of former Presidency forces into a single Indian Army structure.
Inspector
Appointed Inspector General of Cavalry, serves in India
Kossuth
Bartok wrote his first major orchestral work, Kossuth, a symphonic poem which honored Lajos Kossuth, hero of the Hungarian revolution of 1848
Prime Minister of Hungary
Appointed Prime Minister, 2nd term
Automatic Sluice Gates
M. Visvesvaraya develops and applies automatic water-control gates that improve reservoir regulation at Khadakvasla near Pune.
Harland and Wolff Chief Designer
Becomes chief designer at Harland and Wolff and assumes greater responsibility for major passenger-ship projects.
Prime Minister of Italy
Appointed Prime Minister of Italy, 2nd term
Birth of Princess Nagako
Birth of Princess Nagako daughter of Prince Kuniyoshi Kuni
Major General
Appointed Major General
Monetary Commission
Limantour establishes a monetary commission to study the instability caused by falling silver prices and to design a transition toward a gold-linked peso.
Nobel Prize
Receives the Nobel Prize in Literature for his distinguished and versatile poetry.
Discovery of North West Passage
Amundsen and the crew learned from the local Netsilik Inuit people about Arctic survival skills, which he found invaluable in his later expedition to the South Pole.
Discovery of North West Passage
Amundsen led the first expedition to successfully traverse Canadas Northwest Passage between the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans (something explorers had been attempting since the days of Christopher Columbus, John Cabot, Jacques Cartier, and Henry Hudson).
Discovery of North West Passage
For example, he learned to use sled dogs for transportation of goods and to wear animal skins in lieu of heavy, woolen parkas, which could not deter cold when wet
Discovery of North West Passage
Leaves on the Gjoa to sail the North West Passage & reach the North Magnetic Pole.
North Magnetic Pole
Leaves on the Gjoa to sail the North West Passage & reach the North Magnetic Pole
Arrest of Josef Klemens Pilsudski
Arrested for anti-Tsarist activity
Electric Arc Nitrogen Fixation
Advances electrochemical technology for fertilizer and chemical manufacturing.
Nitric Acid Production Method
Develops an industrial method for producing nitric acid from atmospheric nitrogen.
Davy Medal
Receives the Davy Medal with Pierre Curie.
Radium Process
Leaves the radium isolation process unpatented for open scientific use.
Kormchiye Zvyozdy", becomes the chief Russian poetic Symbolist
Publication of "Kormchiye Zvyozdy", becomes the chief Russian poetic Symbolist
Kormchiye Zvyozdy
Publication of "Kormchiye Zvyozdy", becomes the chief Russian poetic Symbolist
Strike
Orders the police suppression of the strike in Odessa
Decree
A Tsarist decree confiscates all the property of the Armenian Church in the Caucasus
Bolshevik Party
Appointed Member of Bolsheviks
Bolshevik Party
The Russian party split between Bolsheviks and Mensheviks
International Socialism
The Russian party split between Bolsheviks and Mensheviks
International Socialist Congress
The Russian party split between Bolsheviks and Mensheviks
Menshevik Party
The Russian party split between Bolsheviks and Mensheviks
RSDLP
The first Congress of the newly formed Russian Social Democratic Labor Party (RSDLP) is held, and from then on Trotsky considered himself a member of the party. After a period of secret police repression and internal confusion that followed the first party Congress in 1898, Iskra succeeded in convening the party's 2nd congress in London in August 1903, Trotsky and other Iskra editors attend
Bolshevik Party
Helps Lenin in forming the Bolshevik Group within the Social Democratic Party
Social Revolutionary Party
Appointed Member of Socialist Revolutionary Party
Health of Vladimir Ilyich Ulyanov Lenin
Suffers from St Anthonys fire
Conditioned Reflex Research
Presents research connecting digestive physiology with conditioned reflexes.
Madrid Physiology Lecture
The achievement marks madrid physiology lecture as an important Russian scientific milestone.
Battle of Dilam
Defeats opposing forces at Dilam and strengthens control south of Riyadh.
Battle of Dilam
Commands Saudi fighters during the campaign around Dilam.
Emigration
Verwoerd emigrates to South Africa with his parents
Electrolytic Dissociation Theory
Wins the Nobel Prize for Chemistry, established the electrolytic dissociation theory
Antarctic Botanical Collections
Collects and studies plants during the Swedish Antarctic Expedition.
Swedish Antarctic Expedition Botany
Expands scientific knowledge of subantarctic and Antarctic vegetation.
Birth of Habib Bourguiba
Birth of Habib Bourguiba
Rule of Macedonia
Bulgaria wishes to have a bigger say in the administration of Macedonia. About 200 Macedonian villages are destroyed by the Turks in retribution
The Ambassadors
Publication of "The Ambassadors"
The Call of the Wild
Publication of "The Call of the Wild"
Governor
Appointed Governor of Ohio
Foundations of Thermodynamics
Publishes further work on the foundations of thermodynamics and statistical mechanics.
Education
Graduates from West Point
April Twilights
Cather published April Twilights, her first collection of poetry.
Mankind in the Making
Wells published Mankind in the Making, exploring education and social reform.
Literary Discussions at Cambridge
Strachey participated in Cambridge literary discussions that shaped his critical outlook.