Siege of Port Arthur
Russia offers terms of surrender at Port Arthur to Japan
Historical events in 1905
445 historical records
January 190555 historical events
President of Switzerland
Begins a one-year term as President of the Swiss Confederation.
Siege of Port Arthur
Nogi accepts the Russian surrender
Siege of Port Arthur
Nogi accepts the Russian surrender
Port Arthur Defeat
Russia's defeat at Port Arthur deepens pressure on the government.
Surrender of Port Arthur
Surrenders Port Arthur to Japanese forces.
Result of Surrender of Russia at Port Arthur
Port Arthur passes to Japanese control, removing a major Russian base from the war.
Surrender of Russia at Port Arthur
Russia's offer of surrender is accepted by Japan
Bloody Sunday
Putilov dismissals help ignite the strike wave before Bloody Sunday.
Strike
Appeals to workers to stay away from the demonstrations threatening to use force
Strike
Gapon asks the Tsar to reduce the working day to 8 hrs and improve conditions and wages. 82,000 workers go out on strike
Strike
More than 80,000 workers go on strike in Saint Petersburg
Election
Balfour loses his seat in Manchester East
Arrest of Georgy Gapon
Sends out orders to arrest Gapon but Gapon goes into hiding
Bloody Sunday
Attempts to contain the strike and petition movement before the march.
Bloody Sunday
Permits a petition but tries to restrict the workers' route.
Strike
120,000 workers go out on strike
Strike
Troops open fire and 200 are killed and 800 injured
Bloody Sunday
Military repression helps turn protest into revolution.
Bloody Sunday
Earlier police-union experiments collapse under the crisis.
Bloody Sunday
Encourages women and families to join the peaceful procession.
Bloody Sunday
Bloody Sunday turns reform pressure into national crisis.
Bloody Sunday
Is absent from the capital as troops confront petitioning workers.
Arrest of Maxim Gorky
Arrested for expressing sympathy with the Saint Petersburg marchers
Bloody Sunday
Interprets the massacre as the opening of revolution.
Bloody Sunday
Becomes associated with repression after the massacre.
Bloody Sunday
Liberal opposition gains strength after the massacre.
Bloody Sunday
Mensheviks analyse the massacre as a mass political awakening.
Bloody Sunday
Denounces the shootings and is arrested during the aftermath.
Bloody Sunday
Is arrested after condemning the Bloody Sunday shootings.
Strike
The Government appeals in vain for the workers to return to work
Dismissal
Loses authority after the failure to contain the crisis.
Strike
Strikers in Warsaw loot and burn shops, 93 are killed by Russian troops
Strike
During a strike in Riga troops charge demonstrators and 70 are killed
Christensen Government
Begins the Christensen Government in Copenhagen and serves as Council President of Denmark.
Deuntzer Government
The Deuntzer Government ends in Copenhagen, concluding this term as Council President of Denmark.
Strike
93 are killed during strikes in Warsaw
Dreadnought Preliminary Design Approved
The Committee on Designs approves preliminary plans for the all-big-gun battleship that becomes HMS Dreadnought.
Invincible Preliminary Design Approved
The Committee on Designs approves preliminary work on the fast armoured cruisers that become the Invincible class.
Governor
Appointed Governor General of Saint Petersburg
Minister of Interior
Appointed Minister of the Interior
Dismissal
Dismissed as Minister of the Interior after demonstrations in Saint Petersburg
Governor General
Is appointed governor general to restore order.
Bloody Sunday
Is dismissed after the crisis caused by Bloody Sunday.
Demonstrations
Allows the demonstration but forbids demonstrators to go near the Winter Palace
Demonstrations
Troops fire on demonstrators, helping spark the 1905 Revolution.
Petition
The Union of Liberation presents a petition to the Tsar
Bloody Sunday
Troops fire on workers marching to the Winter Palace.
Prime Minister of Spain
Appointed Prime Minister of Spain, 2nd term
Magnificent Transfers to Atlantic Fleet
Following fleet reorganisation, HMS Magnificent becomes part of the Atlantic Fleet while Carden remains associated with the battleship.
Committee on Designs Convened
Fisher establishes and chairs the Committee on Designs to examine new battleship and armoured-cruiser concepts.
Military Service
Joins an Italian regiment for military service
Bloody Sunday
Uses the crisis to press demands for constitutional reform.
Bloody Sunday
Warns that repression alone cannot stabilise the empire.
Strike
Strikers are joined by the crew of the Potemkin, 2,000 demonstrators are killed
February 190516 historical events
Assassination of Sergei Alexandrovich Romanov
Assassinates Grand Duke Sergei
Assassination of Sergei Alexandrovich Romanov
Assassinates Grand Duke Sergei with a bomb.
Assassination of Grand Duke Sergei
The Tsar's uncle is assassinated
Assassination of Sergei Alexandrovich Romanov
Is killed by Ivan Kalyayev in Moscow.
Assassination of Sergei Alexandrovich Romanov
The Tsar's uncle is assassinated
Bulygin Duma
Develops proposals for a consultative Duma.
Minister of Interior
Becomes minister of the interior during the revolutionary crisis.
Constitution of Russia
Asks for "suggestions" "concerning improvement of the state and the nations well-being"
Reform Rescript
Calls for suggestions on improving state administration.
Battle of Mukden
Serves during the fighting around Mukden.
Battle of Mukden
Commands Russian forces during the defeat at Mukden.
Fast Armoured Cruiser Outline Settled
Fisher's design committee settles the outline of the fast armoured cruiser later developed as the Invincible class.
Birth of Wladyslaw Gomulka
Birth of Wladyslaw Gomulka
Bloody Sunday
Urges reform as disorder spreads after Bloody Sunday.
Bloody Sunday
Returns secretly to Russia after Bloody Sunday.
Bloody Sunday
Returns to Russia after the revolutionary crisis begins.
March 190512 historical events
Christian Michelsen Government
Begins the Christian Michelsen Government in Oslo and serves as Prime Minister of Norway.
Second Francis Hagerup Government
The Second Francis Hagerup Government ends in Oslo, concluding this term as Prime Minister of Norway.
Invincible Design Receives Board Approval
The Admiralty Board approves the new fast armoured-cruiser design with only minor changes.
Mobilization
The Russian Fleet departs Madagascar across the Indian Ocean
Photoelectric Effect Paper Submitted
Sends his light-quantum paper to Annalen der Physik, using quanta to explain the photoelectric effect.
Closure-Schools
All secondary schools and universities are closed for the remainder of the year
School Closures
Closes universities and secondary schools amid unrest.
Birth of Berthold Konrad Hermann Albert Speer
Birth of Berthold Konrad Hermann Albert Speer
Anglo-Afghan Treaty
Habibullah confirms earlier agreements with British India while retaining authority over internal affairs.
Monetary Reform Law
Mexico enacts a monetary reform defining the peso by 75 centigrams of pure gold and replacing bimetallism with a gold-exchange standard.
Monetary Reform
Mexico adopts a gold-exchange standard after falling silver prices destabilise the peso.
Dreadnought Final Design Completed
The final HMS Dreadnought design emerges from the Fisher-era design process with heavy uniform guns and turbine propulsion.
April 19059 historical events
FA Cup Captaincy
Spencer captains Villa to its fourth FA Cup triumph.
Fourth FA Cup Victory
Hampton scores twice as Villa defeats Newcastle United 2-0 in the FA Cup final.
First Copa de Espana Winning Goal
Scores the only goal against Athletic Club as Madrid win their first national title.
Palau de la Musica Construction Begins
Begins construction of the Palau de la Musica Catalana after the foundation stone is laid.
Third Congress
Leads Bolshevik delegates at the Third Congress in London.
Third Congress
Leads Bolshevik delegates at the Third Congress.
Doctoral Dissertation Submitted
Submits A New Determination of Molecular Dimensions as his doctoral dissertation at the University of Zurich.
Geneva Conference
Mensheviks hold a separate conference instead of joining the Bolshevik congress.
Geneva Conference
Mensheviks meet separately from the Bolshevik congress.
May 190517 historical events
Delegation to Tsar
Warns Nicholas II that revolution is spreading.
Strike
Prince Troubetskoi visits the Tsar saying revolution is underway
Strike
Prince Troubetskoi visits the Tsar saying revolution is underway
Education
Graduates from the Military Academy Staff College with the rank of Captain
Brownian Motion Paper Received
Annalen der Physik receives Einstein's paper explaining Brownian motion through molecular collisions.
Speech
Describes the Conservative Party as a party of "great vested interests"
Mobilization
The Russian Fleet leaves Vladivostok
Death of Henrik Ibsen
Death of Henrik Ibsen
Battle of Tsushima Straits
Lays a trap for the Russian Fleet & scores a spectacular success which ends the War
Battle of Tsushima Straits
Orders the Russian Fleet to Vladivostok but it is ambushed and defeated
Battle of Tsushima Straits
Within a few days the Russian Fleet is destroyed. Leads the Russians in the Suvarov but the Russians are defeated
Battle of Tsushima Straits
Leads the Baltic Fleet into defeat at Tsushima.
Battle of Tsushima Straits
Russia suffers a crushing naval defeat against Japan.
Battle of Tsushima Straits
Sinks 7 Russian battleships without loss. All but 12 minor ships of the Russian fleet are sunk, captured or driven aground. 12 remaining ships of the Russian Fleet are surrounded by submarines & surrender
Result of Surrender of Remaining Russian Baltic Fleet at Tsushima
The remaining Russian fleet is compelled to capitulate, confirming Japan's decisive victory at Tsushima.
Surrender of Remaining Russian Baltic Fleet at Tsushima
The 12 remaining ships of the Russian Fleet are surrounded by submarines
Union of Unions
Helps organise liberal professional groups demanding reform.
June 190516 historical events
Speech
Supports Free Trade while speaking at a mass meeting in Manchester
Nobel Lecture
Delivers the Nobel lecture on radioactive substances.
Nobel Visit
Travels to Stockholm for the delayed Nobel ceremonies.
Magnificent Gun Explosion Response
A six-inch gun accident aboard HMS Magnificent causes multiple casualties during Carden's period in command.
Mutiny of Potemkin
Emerges as a leader of the Potemkin mutineers.
Mutiny of Potemkin
His death helps trigger the Potemkin mutiny.
Mutiny of Potemkin
Faces naval revolt during the wider revolutionary crisis.
Birth of Jean-Paul Sartre
Jean-Paul Sartre is born in Paris to Jean-Baptiste Sartre and Anne-Marie Schweitzer.
Birth of Jean-Paul Sartre
Birth of Jean-Paul Sartre
Potemkin Surrender
The Potemkin mutineers surrender to Romanian authorities.
Special Relativity
Submits On the Electrodynamics of Moving Bodies, establishing the special theory of relativity.
Mutiny of Potemkin
The Potemkin mutiny is followed by strikes across Russia.
Strike
Strikes expand after the Potemkin mutiny.
Mutiny of Potemkin
The Potemkin Mutiny is followed by strikes all over Russia
Strike
2,000 are killed during unrest and the Potemkin mutiny
Peace Mission
Is selected to negotiate peace with Japan.
July 19054 historical events
Panama Canal Chief Engineer
Stevens takes charge and reorganises the canal project's railway, housing and logistics.
Doctorate Approved
The University of Zurich faculty unanimously approves Einstein's doctoral dissertation.
Two Tactics of Social Democracy
Publishes Two Tactics of Social Democracy during the 1905 Revolution.
Two Tactics of Social Democracy
Publishes his strategy for the democratic revolution.
August 190511 historical events
Bulygin Manifesto
Proposes a consultative assembly without full legislative power.
Bulygin Manifesto
Approves a consultative Duma proposal that fails to satisfy opposition.
Birth of Serov
Birth of Ivan Alexandrovich Serov
Constitution of Russia
The Duma has advisory powers but is without legislative authority. Signs a manifesto summoning the Imperial Duma
Duma
The Duma has advisory powers but is without legislative authority
Manifesto
Issues a manifesto promising speech, assembly rights and elections to the Duma.
Independence of Norway
In a referndum 80% of Norwegians support the dissolution of the union with Sweden
Bolshevik Party
Appointed Chairman of the Lugansk Soviet, 1st term
Chairman
Appointed Chairman of the Lugansk Soviet, 1st term
Peasant Rebellion
Uses force against unrest in Saratov province.
Peace Delegation
Leads the Russian delegation at Portsmouth.
September 190513 historical events
Alberta and Saskatchewan
Creates Alberta and Saskatchewan as new provinces.
President of Ecuador
Appointed President of Ecuador
Treaty of Portsmouth
Negotiates the peace settlement ending the Russo-Japanese War.
Treaty of Portsmouth
Nicholas II recalls Witte to negotiate peace with Japan.
Treaty of Portsmouth
Secures peace terms less severe than expected.
Treaty of Portsmouth
Accepts peace after military defeats and domestic unrest.
Rule of Korea
Under the Treaty of Portsmouth Korea is recognized as Japans sphere of influence
Rule of Manchuria
Russia agrees to evacuate Manchuria in the Treaty of Portsmouth
Rule of Port Arthur
Russia surrenders Port Arthur to Japan in the Treaty of Portsmouth
Rule of Sakhalin
Russia surrenders half of Sakhalin to Japan in the Treaty of Portsmouth
Treaty of Portsmouth
Russia surrenders Port Arthur, half of Sakhalin & evacuates Manchuria. Russia & Japan make peace. Korea is recognized as Japans sphere of influence
Mass-Energy Equivalence
Submits the paper deriving the relation between mass and energy from special relativity.
Count Title
Receives the title count after the Portsmouth negotiations.
October 190554 historical events
HMS Dreadnought Laid Down
HMS Dreadnought is laid down at Portsmouth under the naval construction programme associated with Fisher's reforms.
General Strike
Is called upon as the general strike paralyses the empire.
General Strike
The general strike forces Nicholas II to seek Witte's advice.
Memorandum to Tsar
Argues that only constitutional concessions can restore order.
Kadets Founded
Helps found the Constitutional Democratic Party.
Saint Petersburg Soviet
Helps lead the workers' Soviet created during the 1905 Revolution.
Saint Petersburg Soviet
Chairs the Saint Petersburg Soviet of Workers' Deputies.
October Manifesto Draft
Drafts concessions intended to end the general strike.
October Manifesto Draft
Drafts the manifesto promising liberties and representation.
October Manifesto Draft
Submits draft concessions to end the strike and save the monarchy.
October Manifesto
Nicholas II issues the October Manifesto, promising civil rights and a Duma.
October Manifesto
Nicholas II signs the October Manifesto under Witte's influence.
October Manifesto
Persuades Nicholas II to accept concessions during the revolutionary crisis.
October Manifesto
The manifesto promises basic rights and an elected legislature.
October Manifesto
Witte argues that concessions are needed to end the general strike.
October Manifesto
Witte's advice shapes Nicholas II's constitutional concessions.
October Manifesto
Issues the October Manifesto promising civil liberties and a Duma.
Grand Duke Nicholas Warning
Military dictatorship is rejected as constitutional concessions are accepted.
October Manifesto
Helps secure the manifesto during the revolutionary strike wave.
October Manifesto
Nicholas II issues the October Manifesto, promising civil rights and a Duma.
October Manifesto
Nicholas II signs the October Manifesto under Witte's influence.
October Manifesto
Persuades Nicholas II to accept concessions during the revolutionary crisis.
October Manifesto
The manifesto promises freedom of conscience speech meeting and association.
October Manifesto
Witte persuades Nicholas II to avoid a military dictatorship.
October Manifesto
Witte's programme offers constitutional concessions to calm the empire.
Reform of Revolutionary Government
Signs the "October Manifesto", establishing the State Duma as the elected legislature
Death of Bauman
His death becomes a rallying point for Moscow workers.
Constitution of Russia
Begins organising government after the October Manifesto.
Council of Ministers
Forms the new government after the October Manifesto.
Prime Minister of Russia
Becomes chairman of the Council of Ministers.
Prime Minister of Russia
Appointed Russia's first chairman of the Council of Ministers.
Prime Minister of Russia
Heads the new Council of Ministers after the manifesto.
Trafalgar Centenary
Trafalgar centenary events commemorate Nelson and the victory.
Trafalgar Centenary
Uses naval commemoration while reforming the Royal Navy.
Constitution of Russia
Warns Nicholas II that Russia is close to revolution.
Saint Petersburg Soviet
Emerges as a leading figure in the workers' Soviet.
Soviet of Saint Petersburg
Helps found the Saint Petersburg Soviet, 50 such Soviets are soon founded all over Russia
Saint Petersburg Soviet
Becomes a central organiser and speaker in the Soviet.
Saint Petersburg Soviet
Becomes a major speaker and organiser in the 1905 Soviet.
Constitution of Russia
Issues a manifesto granting the right of Labour to organize. Issues a manifesto granting freedom of speech, conscience and Assembly. Issues a manifesto granting a suffrage law for elections to the Duma
Election
Issues a manifesto granting a suffrage law for elections to the Duma
Suffrage
Issues a manifesto granting a suffrage law for elections to the Duma
Cabinet Government
Attempts to create a more coordinated ministerial government.
Civil Liberties
Tries to manage promises of civil liberties amid unrest.
October Manifesto Support
Welcomes limited constitutional reform after the manifesto.
Saint Petersburg Soviet
Is appointed chairman of the workers' Soviet during the 1905 Revolution.
Bloody Sunday
Interprets the new Soviet movement as a revolutionary opportunity.
Saint Petersburg Soviet
Influences Trotsky and Soviet revolutionary strategy.
Saint Petersburg Soviet
Influences socialist strategy around the workers' Soviet.
Saint Petersburg Soviet
Supports socialist activity around the workers' Soviet.
Bloody Sunday
Later leads the Soviet born from the revolutionary wave.
General Strike
Railway strikes paralyse the Russian rail network.
Strike
Railworkers go on strike and paralyze the whole Russian rail network
Abdication
Abdicates from the Norwegian throne after Norway declares independence from Sweden
November 190518 historical events
Reballion of Rebels in Kronstadt
A rebellion breaks out among the sailors of the Kronstadt fortress
Kronstadt Rebellion
A rebellion breaks out among sailors at Kronstadt.
Kronstadt Rebellion
Helps restore authority after the Kronstadt naval unrest.
Bakhtiari Agreement Signed
The D'Arcy syndicate concludes an agreement with Bakhtiari chiefs to facilitate operations in southwestern Persia.
Succession
Succeeds as King of Norway. Accepts the offer of the crown after the dissolution of the Swedish-Norwegian union
Arrest of Georgy Khrustalev-Nosar
Is arrested as the government attacks the Soviet.
Arrest of Soviet Chairman
Is arrested as the government attacks the Soviet.
Soviet Chairmanship
Assumes leading authority after Khrustalev-Nosar's arrest.
Sinn Fein
Sinn Fein is founded when in the Rotunda, Dublin when the first annual Convention of the National Council is held
Duma Preparation
Works on arrangements for the promised State Duma.
Union of Russian People
Organises monarchist reaction against revolutionary movements.
Return to Russia
Returns from exile during the 1905 Revolution.
Bolshevik Centre
Helps organise Bolshevik activity during the revolution.
Return to Russia
Returns from exile during the revolutionary upheaval.
Saint Petersburg Soviet
Studies the Soviet as a new form of revolutionary organisation.
Bloody Sunday
Builds Bolshevik organisation during the upheaval after January.
Lugansk Soviet
Leads Bolshevik activity in the Lugansk Soviet.
Assassination Campaign
Supports Socialist Revolutionary terrorist activity against officials.
December 190536 historical events
Financial Manifesto
Supports the Soviet appeal against tsarist finances.
Arrest of Georgy Khrustalev-Nosar
Is arrested after chairing the revolutionary workers' Soviet.
Arrest of Soviet
Is arrested after chairing the revolutionary workers' Soviet.
Arrest of Leon Trotsky
Is arrested after the Soviet is suppressed.
Arrest of Leon Trotsky
Is arrested when the 1905 Soviet is suppressed.
Arrest of Soviet
Is arrested after the Soviet is suppressed.
Arrest of Soviet
Is arrested when the 1905 Soviet is suppressed.
Suppression of Soviet
Authorities arrest Soviet leaders in Saint Petersburg.
Suppression of Soviet
Authorities move against the Saint Petersburg Soviet.
Soviet Suppression
Government repression follows the arrest of Soviet leaders.
Prime Minister of Great Britain
Appointed Prime Minister of Great Britain, 1st term
Reform of Parliament
Liberals want Campbell-Bannerman to serve as nominal PM from the Lords but he refuses
Moscow Uprising
Supports Bolshevik agitation during the December uprising.
Moscow Uprising
Takes part in revolutionary activity during the uprising.
Moscow Uprising
Commands forces suppressing the Moscow armed uprising.
Moscow Uprising
Faces armed revolt in Moscow after the manifesto.
Moscow Uprising
Socialist Revolutionaries support armed resistance in Moscow.
Prime Minister of Great Britain
Offers to make Churchill Financial Secretary under Asquith, Churchill refuses
Election
Offerred the post of Financial Secretary at the Treasury, prefers a smaller department
Spokesman
Appointed Spokesman for the Colonial Office because Lord Elgin is a peer
Speech
Speaks against the persecution of Jews in Russia at the Palace Theatre Manchester
Nobel Prize in Literature
Is awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature for outstanding achievement as an epic novelist.
Moscow Uprising
Orders repression as armed revolt spreads in Moscow.
Duma Electoral Law
Helps implement electoral law for the first Duma.
Duma Electoral Law
Works to implement the Duma promised in the manifesto.
Electoral Law
Issues electoral rules for the new State Duma.
Presnya Fighting
Uses artillery against rebel districts in Moscow.
Election
Polling will commence from 12 January & finish 8 February. Announces a general election
Presnya Fighting
Revolutionaries resist government troops in Moscow districts.
Moscow Repression
The government suppresses the Moscow uprising.
Birth of Howard Hughes
Birth of Howard Hughes
Election
Resigns over the policy of Imperial Preference rather then call an election
Resignation of Arthur James Balfour
Resigns over the policy of Imperial Preference rather then call an election
Election
Avoids a split in the party by offering Asquith the Chancellorship
Trial of Soviet Deputies
Faces prosecution after the suppression of the Soviet.
Repression
Government repression breaks the revolutionary wave by late December.
Prime Minister of Australia
Champions Imperial preference & introduces old age & sickness benefits. Appointed Prime Minister of Australia, 2nd term
Prime Minister of Australia
Appointed Prime Minister of Australia, 2nd term
Three Essays on the Theory of Sexuality" (Drei Abhandlungen zur Sexualtheorie)
Publication of "Three Essays on the Theory of Sexuality" (Drei Abhandlungen zur Sexualtheorie)
Three Essays on the Theory of Sexuality
Publication of "Three Essays on the Theory of Sexuality" (Drei Abhandlungen zur Sexualtheorie)
International Knowledge Classification
Creates a flexible classification framework used by libraries and information centres.
Universal Decimal Classification
Co-develops a decimal system for organizing documents across subject fields.
Premier of Quebec
Appointed Premier of Quebec
Tung-meng-hui
Founds the Tung-meng-hui while in Japan
United League
Sun Yatsen founds in exile the nationalistic and pro-democracy Tongmeng Hui (United League)
Giant and Dwarf Stars
Distinguishes stars of similar temperature but greatly different luminosity.
Stellar Luminosity Classes
Introduces the important division between giant and dwarf stars.
Claire de Lune
Composes, "Suite Bergameasue", includes "Claire de Lune". Composes, "La Mer"
La Mer
Composes, "Suite Bergameasue", includes "Claire de Lune". Composes, "La Mer"
Suite Bergameasue
Composes, "Suite Bergameasue", includes "Claire de Lune". Composes, "La Mer"
Relativity, Theory of
Poincare publishes work on the dynamics of the electron using Lorentz transformations and relativistic ideas
Gravitational Radiation Concept
Poincarรฉ argues that changes in a gravitational field should propagate at the speed of light, anticipating the later relativistic concept of gravitational radiation.
Tour de France
Winner of the Tour de France
Symphony No 7 in E minor
Completes the final revision of Symphony No. 7 in E minor
Codex Theodosianus
Publication of "Codex Theodosianus"
Minister of Commerce
Appointed Minister of Commerce
Minister of Interior
Appointed Prussian Minister of Interior
Crisis
Bulow alienates France over his handling of the Moroccan crisis
Scandal
Publishes a report exposing incompetence & brutality in the German colonies
Party Secretary
Appointed Party Secretary of the Social Democratic Party
Nobel Prize
Receives the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for investigations and discoveries concerning tuberculosis, including identification of its bacterial cause.
Nobel Prize
Winner of the Nobel Prize for Physics, for photoelectric effects & cathode rays
New Physics Institute Opens
Directs Leipzig physics as the university's new Physical Institute opens.
Chief Pioneer Corps
Appointed Chief of the Pioneer Corps
Schlieffen Plan
Draws up a strategy for avoiding war on 2 fronts by invading France then Russia
Birmingham Cathedral
Becomes first Bishop of Birmingham when St Philipโs becomes the cathedral.
Return of Sherlock Holmes
Publication of "Return of Sherlock Holmes"
The Return of Sherlock Holmes
Publication of "The Return of Sherlock Holmes"
The Scarlet Pimpernel
Publication of "The Scarlet Pimpernel"
A Modern Utopia
Publication of "Kipps". Publication of "A Modern Utopia"
Kipps
Publication of "Kipps". Publication of "A Modern Utopia"
Utopia
Publication of "Kipps". Publication of "A Modern Utopia"
Austin Motor Company
Austin establishes an automobile company and develops manufacturing at Longbridge.
Cadbury Dairy Milk
Cadbury introduces Dairy Milk from its Bournville manufacturing base.
Lecturer at the University of Manchester
Becomes the first person to lecture in meteorology at a British university when he was appointed lecturer at the University of Manchester
Discovery Expedition
Scott was given leave from the Navy to write the official expedition account, The Voyage of the Discovery; this was published in 1905
in 1905
Scott was given leave from the Navy to write the official expedition account, The Voyage of the Discovery; this was published in 1905
Election
The Conservatices win just 156 seats at the general election. Defeated after a split by tariff reform proposals of Joseph Chamberlain
Secretary of State
Appointed Secretary of State for Scotland
Burmah Oil Financing Secured
Secures financial backing from Burmah Oil, enabling the costly Persian exploration programme to continue.
Concessions Syndicate Established
Reorganizes the struggling Persian venture through the Concessions Syndicate with substantial Burmah Oil support.
Local Government Board
Appointed President of the Local Government Board
Free State
Agrees to requests from Smuts for self-Government in the Transvaal & Free State
Independence of Great Britain
Agrees to requests from Smuts for self-Government in the Transvaal & Free State
Independence of Great Britain
The Traansval is awarded self-Government. Agrees to requests from Smuts for self-Government in the Transvaal & Free State
Independence of Orange Free State
Agrees to requests from Smuts for self-Government in the Transvaal & Free State
Independence of Transvaal
Agrees to requests from Smuts for self-Government in the Transvaal & Free State
Independence of Transvaal
The Traansval is awarded self-Government. Agrees to requests from Smuts for self-Government in the Transvaal & Free State
Chancellor of the Exchequer
Appointed Chancellor of the Exchequer
Treasury Appointment
Becomes Chancellor of the Exchequer in the Liberal government.
Board of Trade
Appointed President of the Board of Trade
President of Board of Trade
Appointed President of the Board of Trade
Foreign Secretary of Great Britain
Appointed Foreign Minister
British Expeditionary Force (BEF)
Plans the mobilization of British Expeditionary Force
IGS
Founds the Imperial General Staff
Mobilization
Plans the mobilization of British Expeditionary Force
Secretary of State
Appointed Secretary of State for War & the Colonies
Territorial Army
Founds the Territorial Force which becomes the Territorial Army
Secretary of State
Appointed Secretary of State for Home Affairs
Commission
Milners Native Affairs Commission recommends black & white segregation
Segregation
Milners Native Affairs Commission recommends black & white segregation
Liberal Party Intellectual Realignment
Churchill entered the Liberal government and became a notable spokesman for reformist Liberal politics.
Socialism and Society
Publication of "Socialism and Society"
Labour Representation Committee (LRC)
Appointed Chairman of the LRC
Deputy Party Leader
Serves under Campbell-Bannerman
Demonstrations
Disrupts Edward Greys meeting in Manchester
Royal Society
Appointed President of the Royal Society
Cup Winning Era Attacking Player
Joe Bache established himself as a gifted Aston Villa forward in the Edwardian period, contributing to one of the club's most accomplished sides.
Villa Cup Final Goalkeeper
Billy George kept goal during Aston Villa's 1905 FA Cup-winning campaign and provided a dependable presence behind the defence.
Admiral
Appointed Admiral of the Fleet
Curzon Military Administration Dispute
Clashes with Viceroy Lord Curzon over control and administration of the Indian Army.
Die Lustige Witwe
Composes, "The Merry Widow" or "Die Lustige Witwe"
The Merry Widow
Composes, "The Merry Widow" or "Die Lustige Witwe"
Birth of Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed
Birth of Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed
Rule of Bengal
One of the most important public leaders to protest the partition of the Bengal province
Drama
Dramatization of, "Man & Superman". Dramatization of, "Major Barbara"
Act of Union
Griffith declares that the Act of Union of Great Britain and Ireland in 1800 is illegal and that, consequently, the Anglo-Irish dual monarchy which existed under Grattans Parliament and the so-called Constitution of 1782 is still in effect
Constitution of Ireland
Griffith declares that the Act of Union of Great Britain and Ireland in 1800 is illegal and that, consequently, the Anglo-Irish dual monarchy which existed under Grattans Parliament and the so-called Constitution of 1782 is still in effect
Dual Monarchy
Griffith declares that the Act of Union of Great Britain and Ireland in 1800 is illegal and that, consequently, the Anglo-Irish dual monarchy which existed under Grattans Parliament and the so-called Constitution of 1782 is still in effect
Legislation
Griffith declares that the Act of Union of Great Britain and Ireland in 1800 is illegal and that, consequently, the Anglo-Irish dual monarchy which existed under Grattans Parliament and the so-called Constitution of 1782 is still in effect
Parliament
Griffith declares that the Act of Union of Great Britain and Ireland in 1800 is illegal and that, consequently, the Anglo-Irish dual monarchy which existed under Grattans Parliament and the so-called Constitution of 1782 is still in effect
Act of Union
Griffith declares that the Act of Union of Great Britain and Ireland in 1800 is illegal and that, consequently, the Anglo-Irish dual monarchy which existed under Grattans Parliament and the so-called Constitution of 1782 is still in effect
Constitution of Ireland
Griffith declares that the Act of Union of Great Britain and Ireland in 1800 is illegal and that, consequently, the Anglo-Irish dual monarchy which existed under Grattans Parliament and the so-called Constitution of 1782 is still in effect
Dual Monarchy
Griffith declares that the Act of Union of Great Britain and Ireland in 1800 is illegal and that, consequently, the Anglo-Irish dual monarchy which existed under Grattans Parliament and the so-called Constitution of 1782 is still in effect
Parliament
Griffith declares that the Act of Union of Great Britain and Ireland in 1800 is illegal and that, consequently, the Anglo-Irish dual monarchy which existed under Grattans Parliament and the so-called Constitution of 1782 is still in effect
Rule of Ireland
Griffith declares that the Act of Union of Great Britain and Ireland in 1800 is illegal and that, consequently, the Anglo-Irish dual monarchy which existed under Grattans Parliament and the so-called Constitution of 1782 is still in effect
Sinn Fein
Established by Arthur Griffith, the name translates as "ourselves" or "we ourselves",it has often been rendered as "ourselves alone."
Sinn Fein
Griffith declares that the Act of Union of Great Britain and Ireland in 1800 is illegal and that, consequently.
Sinn Fein
The Anglo-Irish dual monarchy which existed under Grattans Parliament and the so-called Constitution of 1782 is still in effect.
Sinn Fein
The Sinn Fein movement crystallised around the campaign of Arthur Griffith, a nationalist typesetter, and William Rooney, a republican office clerk, both of whom were extremely active in Dublins nationalist clubs.
Sinn Fein
The Sinn Fein movement crystallised around the campaign of Arthur Griffith, a nationalist typesetter, and William Rooney, a republican office clerk, both of whom were extremely active in Dublins nationalist clubs
First Italian Championship
Contributes as a forward to Juventus's first national championship, won in 1905 as the Turin club established itself among Italy's leading football teams.
Alliance Agreement
Japan completes the Angloese Alliance, 2nd
Alliance Angloese Alliance
Japan completes the Angloese Alliance, 2nd
Reballion of battleship Potemkin
Togo triggers uprisings in the Russian Navy (1905 uprisings in Vladivostock, the battleship Potemkin uprising), contributing to the Russian Revolution of 1905
Nobel Prize
Winner of the Nobel Prize for Literature
Party Leader
Appointed Leader of the party's military wing
Golod
Publication of "Golod"
Governor
Appointed Governor of Saratov
Reballion of peasant
Uses force to suppress a peasant rebellion
Foreign Secretary of Russia
Appointed Foreign Minister
Duma
Appointed Member of Duma
Revolution of 1905
Supports political prisoners and radical opposition after 1905.
Constitution of Russia
"We are given a Constitution but absolutism remains"
Izvestia
"We are given a Constitution but absolutism remains"
Bolshevik Centre
Supports Bolshevik organisation during the revolutionary year.
Revolution of 1905
Argues over socialist tactics during the bourgeois-democratic revolution.
Open Letter to Professor Miliukov
Issues an open letter to liberal politician Pavel Miliukov during the political struggles of the 1905 Revolution.
Permanent Revolution
Develops ideas shaped by the Saint Petersburg Soviet experience.
Political Letter II
Writes Political Letter II during the revolutionary upheaval of 1905.
The Events in Petersburg
Writes The Events in Petersburg during the revolutionary crisis that brings him back into Russian political activity.
Editor
Appointed Editor of the Social Democratic Labour Party's first legal newspaper, Novaya Zhizn (New Life) in St. Petersburg
Novaya Zhizn
Appointed Editor of the Social Democratic Labour Party's first legal newspaper, Novaya Zhizn (New Life) in St. Petersburg
Russian Social Democratic Labour Party
Appointed Member of Social Democratic Party
1905 Revolution
Mensheviks emphasise broad workers' organisation during the revolution.
Revolution of 1905
Warns against premature seizure of power by social democrats.
Arrest of Alexander Fedorovich Kerensky
Arrested and expelled from the Socialist Revolutionary Party
Social Revolutionary Party
Appointed Member of Socialist Revolutionary Party
Socialist Revolutionary Party
Appointed Member of Socialist Revolutionary Party
Assassination of Grand Duke Sergei
Organizes the assassination of Grand Duke Sergey Alexanderovich
Assassination of Sergei Alexandrovich Romanov
Organizes the assassination of Grand Duke Sergey Alexanderovich
Exile of Boris Viktorovich Savinkov
Arrested and condemned to death but escapes and flees to Switzerland
Revolution of 1905
Supports political prisoners and radical opposition after the revolution.
Combat Organisation
Directs terrorist operations while secretly informing police.
Union of Liberation
Supports liberal demands for constitutional government.
Party Leader
Appointed Party Leader of the Union of Unions
Reform of Parliament
Joins Liberal and radical groups demanding Parliamentary Government and universal suffrage
Union of Unions
Demands Parliamentary Government and universal suffrage
Universal Suffrage
Joins Liberal and radical groups demanding Parliamentary Government and universal suffrage. Demands Parliamentary Government and universal suffrage
Exile of Karl Bernhardovich Radek
Fights in exile in Poland
Bolshevik Party
Supports the Bolsheviks
Revolution of 1905
Supports the Bolsheviks
Caucasus Unrest
Works in socialist circles during unrest in the Caucasus.
Reballion of peasant
Uses force to suppress a peasant rebellion
Bund Activity
Jewish socialist activists take part in strike and revolutionary activity.
Baltic Unrest
Latvian socialists organise during strikes and rural unrest.
Revolution of 1905
Agrees with Plekhanov that the RSDP should not seize power as the revolution is bourgeois
Polish Revolution
Polish socialist action grows during the empire-wide revolution.
Warsaw Unrest
Takes part in revolutionary socialist activity in Russian Poland.
Bloody Sunday
Sees terrorist politics gain support after the massacre.
Golod
Publishes Golod amid the cultural upheaval of 1905.
Bloody Sunday
Called by the Tsar to address unrest after Bloody Sunday.
Revolution of 1905
Socialist revolutionaries seek to overthrow the Tsar
Strike
Russian Poland is put under a state of siege
Strike
Socialist revolutionaries seek to overthrow the Tsar
Siege of Mukden
Russia is forced to surrender Mukden to Japan
Constitution of South Africa
Negotiates a constitution with Campbell-Bannerman
Independence of South Africa
Negotiates a constitution with Campbell-Bannerman. Botha sends Smuts to London to plead with the newly elected Liberal Government
Independence of South Africa
Smuts joins Botha in London, & seeks to negotiate full self-Government for the Transvaal within British South Africa
Independence of Transvaal
Negotiates a constitution with Campbell-Bannerman. Botha sends Smuts to London to plead with the newly elected Liberal Government
Independence of Transvaal
Smuts joins Botha in London, & seeks to negotiate full self-Government for the Transvaal within British South Africa
Self-Government Campaign
Sends Jan Smuts to London to argue for Transvaal self-government.
Smuts Mission to London
Uses Britain's Liberal victory to press for responsible government.
Preacher
Boer patriot & Calvinist, advocates Afrikaner Nationalism
Independence of South Africa
Botha sends Smuts to London to plead with the newly elected Liberal Government
Independence of Transvaal
Botha sends Smuts to London to plead with the newly elected Liberal Government
Cortes
Appointed Member of Cortes
Gas Ionization Considered with Light Quanta
Einstein discussed photoionization as another possible application of localized radiation quanta, connecting the frequency of light with the energy needed to remove charged particles from matter.
Light Frequency Linked to Electron Energy
Einstein distinguished brightness from frequency by predicting that raising the frequency of incident light increases the energy of individual photoelectrons rather than merely increasing their number.
Light Intensity Linked to Photoelectron Number
Einstein's quantum account implied that increasing light intensity at fixed frequency mainly increases the number of available energy quanta and therefore the number of emitted electrons.
Light-Quantum Energy Frequency Relation Applied
Einstein applied the relation between quantum energy and radiation frequency to individual light quanta, giving each localized packet an energy proportional to its frequency.
Light-Quantum Hypothesis Introduced
Einstein proposed that under appropriate conditions electromagnetic radiation behaves as independently localized energy quanta, extending Planck's quantum relation from material oscillators to light itself.
Localized Radiation Energy Challenges Wave Picture
Einstein explicitly contrasted spatially localized light quanta with a purely continuous wave description, creating a fundamental tension that later developed into wave-particle duality.
Photoelectric Threshold Frequency Law
Einstein explained that photoelectron emission requires incident light above a material-dependent threshold frequency, regardless of how intense lower-frequency illumination becomes.
Photoelectron Maximum Energy Equation
Einstein related the maximum kinetic energy of emitted electrons to the incident light frequency minus the work required to free an electron from the material.
Radiation Entropy Compared with Particle Gas
Einstein compared the entropy of high-frequency radiation with that of a dilute gas and found a formal similarity that supported treating radiation energy as independently distributed quanta.
Stokes Rule Interpreted through Light Quanta
Einstein used the light-quantum hypothesis to interpret Stokes's rule for fluorescence, arguing that emitted light normally cannot carry a higher quantum energy than the absorbed radiation.
The House of Mirth
Publication of "The House of Mirth"
Agreement of Taft-Katsura
Taft meets Japanese Prime Minister Katsura Taro & they sign a secret diplomatic memorandum called the Taft-Katsura Agreement
Taft-Katsura Agreement
Taft meets Japanese Prime Minister Katsura Taro & they sign a secret diplomatic memorandum called the Taft-Katsura Agreement
Secretary of State
Appointed Secretary of State
Marriage
Marries her cousin, Franklin D Roosevelt
Discovery of Elara
Discovers Elara, an outer irregular moon of Jupiter, using photographic observations.
Photoelectric Quantum Explanation
Explains photoelectric emission by proposing that light transfers energy in discrete quanta to electrons.
Peace
Presides over the Peace negotiations
The Troll Garden
Cather published The Troll Garden, her first collection of short fiction.
Moves in Bloomsbury Circles
Strachey became part of London intellectual networks later associated with the Bloomsbury Group.
Law Leaves Trade Office
Bonar Law leaves his Board of Trade post when the Conservative government falls from power.
Montenegrin Constitution Promulgated
Nikola grants a constitution that changes domestic political institutions while frontier questions remain significant.
Montenegrin Constitution Promulgated
Nikola grants a constitution that changes domestic political institutions while frontier questions remain significant.