Calendar
Abolishes the 10 day lunar calendar for the western calendar with weeks of 7 days
Historical events in 1912
1,395 historical records
January 191273 historical events
Reform of Calendar
Abolishes the 10 day lunar calendar for the western calendar with weeks of 7 days
President of Switzerland
Begins a one-year term as President of the Swiss Confederation.
Final Polar Party
Continues with Scott toward the South Pole.
Final Polar Party
Chooses a five-man party for the final polar march.
Final Polar Party
Is added to Scott's final polar party.
Final Polar Party
Continues south with Scott's final party.
Final Polar Party
Continues south with Scott's final polar party.
Final Polar Party Selection
Scott announces his decision: five men (Scott, Edward Wilson, H. R. Bowers, Lawrence Oates and Edgar Evans) would go forward to the South Pole.
Final Polar Party Selection
Scott announces his decision: five men (Scott, Edward Wilson, H. R. Bowers, Lawrence Oates and Edgar Evans) would go forward to the South Pole.
Final Polar Party Selection
Scott announces his decision: five men (Scott, Edward Wilson, H. R. Bowers, Lawrence Oates and Edgar Evans) would go forward to the South Pole.
Final Polar Party Selection
Scott announces his decision: five men (Scott, Edward Wilson, H. R. Bowers, Lawrence Oates and Edgar Evans) would go forward to the South Pole.
Last Supporting Party Turnback
William Lashly joins Edward Evans and Tom Crean in the last supporting party ordered to turn back before Scott's final advance to the Pole.
Last Supporting Party Begins Return
Lashly starts the long return journey with Edward Evans and Crean after the final polar party is selected.
Bowers Joins Final Polar Party
Scott adds Bowers to the final group of five continuing toward the South Pole.
Last Supporting Party Begins Return
Evans leads Crean and Lashly north after Scott orders the final supporting party to turn back.
Last Supporting Party Turnback
Evans, Lashly and Crean turn north on 4 January, about 160 miles from the Pole, while Bowers remains with Scott's final party.
Last Supporting Party Turnback
Scott orders Evans and the Last Supporting Party to turn back. Evans is physically exhausted after hauling a loaded sledge for much of the southward journey.
Northern Party Transfer South
Campbell's Northern Party leaves Cape Adare aboard Terra Nova for a second season of geological work farther south.
Last Supporting Party Return
Evans starts the return journey with Lashly and Crean after the last supporting party is dismissed from the southbound expedition.
Last Supporting Party Turns Back
Turns north with Crean and Lashly as the last supporting party.
Return from Polar Plateau
The three begin a difficult return journey toward Hut Point.
Last Support Party Return
Turns back with Crean and Lashly from 87 degrees south.
Last Support Party Return
Begins the difficult return with Evans and Crean.
Last Supporting Party Begins Return
Crean turns north with Edward Evans and Lashly when Scott reduces the southbound group to the final five.
Last Support Party Return
Begins the return journey with Evans and Lashly.
Last Support Party Withdrawal
Crean helps haul the weakened Evans toward safety.
Return from Polar Plateau
Turns back with Edward Evans and William Lashly.
Unification
New Mexico becomes the 47th state of the Union
Evans Coves Geological Camp
Campbell establishes the Northern Party at Evans Coves for a planned six-week programme of geological and glaciological exploration.
Admiralty Planning Reform
Improves centralized planning for intelligence, operations and mobilization.
Naval War Staff Established
Establishes a Naval War Staff within the Admiralty.
President of Panama
Appointed President of Panama
Birth of Holden Alvaro Roberto
Birth of Holden Alvaro Roberto
Norwegian Flag Sighted
Bowers spots a dark marker ahead, leading the party to discover clear evidence that Amundsen has preceded them.
South Pole Reached
Scott's five-man party reaches the South Pole on 17 January 1912 and discovers that Roald Amundsen's Norwegian party has arrived first.
South Pole Arrival
Oates reaches the South Pole with Scott's party and learns that Amundsen has won the race.
South Pole
Reaches the South Pole and finds that Amundsen's Norwegian party has arrived first
South Pole Arrival
Wilson reaches the South Pole with Scott, Bowers, Oates and Edgar Evans after the Norwegians have already arrived.
South Pole
Stands with Scott, Oates, Bowers and Evans at the South Pole after the Norwegian party has already departed
South Pole Arrival
Bowers reaches the South Pole as a member of Scott's five-man polar party.
South Pole Arrival
Edgar Evans reaches the South Pole with Scott's five-man party after the Norwegian expedition.
Amundsen Tent Found
The party discovers that Amundsen's Norwegian team arrived first.
South Pole Arrival
Reaches the South Pole after Amundsen's party.
South Pole Reached
Reaches the South Pole with Wilson, Bowers, Oates and Edgar Evans.
Return from South Pole Begins
The Polar Party begins the roughly 800-mile return journey from the South Pole on 18 January.
South Pole Sketching
Wilson sketches at the South Pole while the party records evidence of the Norwegian expedition.
Amundsen Tent Inspected
Scott examines Amundsen's tent and the records left by the Norwegian polar party before turning north.
South Pole Photography
Bowers photographs Scott's party and the polar camp before the five men begin their return journey.
Norwegian Tent
Finds Amundsen's tent and evidence of Norwegian success.
Norwegian Camp Confirmed
The British team confirms the Norwegian expedition's earlier arrival.
Polar Records Examined
Examines evidence left by Amundsen's party at the South Pole.
Prague Conference
Organises the conference that creates a distinct Bolshevik party apparatus.
Prague Conference
Is co-opted into the Bolshevik Central Committee after Prague.
Prague Conference
Is elected to the Bolshevik Central Committee.
Polar Party Heads North
The five men face worsening weather and declining health.
Return Journey from Pole
Begins the return journey north with Scott's polar party.
Florida Railway
Privately financed rail connection between Key West and mainland Florida, built by Henry Morrison Flagler, is completed
Frostbite on Polar Plateau
Evans suffers worsening frostbite to his hands and nose during the return across the polar plateau.
Return to Framheim
Returns safely to Framheim with the South Pole party after completing the polar journey
South Pole Expedition
The team returned to Framheim with 11 surviving dogs
South Pole
The team return to Framheim with 11 dogs
Assassination of Eloy Alfaro Delgado
Death of Eloy Alfaro Delgado, assassinated
Death of Eloy Alfaro Delgado
Death of Eloy Alfaro Delgado, assassinated
Leg Injury on Return
Wilson strains a tendon during the return journey but continues travelling with the polar party.
Armament
Cassel warns Churchill & Lloyd George about German naval expansion
Armament
Cassel warns Churchill & Lloyd George about German naval expansion
Northern Party Coastal Work
Dickason contributes seaman's skills and sledging labour to Campbell's isolated Northern Party during its coastal exploration.
Northern Party Glacier Survey
Priestley studies local geology and glaciers during the Northern Party's summer field programme around Evans Coves.
Northern Party Biological Work
Levick combines medical duties with biological observations while Campbell's party works from its temporary Evans Coves camp.
Northern Party Field Support
Browning supports the Northern Party's field programme, hauling equipment and supplies between the coastal camp and survey areas.
Northern Party Sledging
Abbott undertakes sledging and camp work during the Northern Party's survey season on the Victoria Land coast.
Armament
Learns plans to deepen the Kiel Canal, Britain will need 40 battleships within 24 hrs
February 191240 historical events
Privy Councillor
Receives the title and rank of Geheimrat, or Privy Councillor, in the Bavarian civil service.
BE2 First Flight
Flies the prototype BE2 at Farnborough.
Royal Aircraft Factory Reconnaissance Aircraft
Develops an aircraft type adopted for reconnaissance and training.
Crevasse Fall on Return
Scott falls into a crevasse while descending toward the Beardmore Glacier and continues after being recovered.
Crevasse Fall on Return
Evans suffers another fall during the difficult descent toward the Beardmore Glacier.
Birth of Eva Braun
Birth of Eva Braun
Visit to London
Visits Berlin to seek a reduction of tension between Britain & Germany
Anglo-German Naval Talks
Discusses naval competition and possible political understandings.
Haldane Mission
Visits Berlin seeking improved relations with Germany.
Scurvy Collapse
Collapses with scurvy near One Ton Depot.
Abdication
The Emperor abdicates
Abdication
Brings an end to the Manchu Dynasty
Armament
Circulates the new German Navy Law to the Cabinet
Death of Edgar Evans
Edgar Evans collapses near the lower Beardmore Glacier and dies after a prolonged decline during the return journey.
Northern Party Pickup Missed
Campbell returns to the pickup area, but heavy sea ice prevents Terra Nova from reaching the stranded six-man party.
Death of Edgar Evans
Dies during Scott's return from the South Pole.
Death of Edgar Evans
Dies near the lower Beardmore Glacier during the return journey.
Polar Party Loses First Member
He is the first member of the polar party to die.
Evans Rescue
Stays with Edward Evans while Crean seeks help.
Crean Solo Rescue March
Crean begins a solitary 35-mile march to Hut Point to obtain help for the critically ill Edward Evans.
Solo Rescue March
Walks alone to Hut Point to seek help for Evans.
Jens Bratlie Government
Begins the Jens Bratlie Government in Oslo and serves as Prime Minister of Norway.
Wollert Konow Government
The Wollert Konow Government ends in Oslo, concluding this term as Prime Minister of Norway.
Second Relief Voyage Arrives
The ship brings supplies and additional transport animals.
Terra Nova Returns to Cape Evans
Terra Nova returns to Cape Evans during the expedition's second season.
Surgery before Titanic Maiden Voyage
Undergoes serious surgery and remains in recovery during the weeks before Titanic's maiden voyage.
Court Theatre Production
Depicts family conflict within a controlling industrial household.
Rutherford and Son Premiere
Rutherford and Son receives its London premiere.
Edward Evans Rescue Journey
Lashly helps pull the scurvy-stricken Edward Evans toward Hut Point during the supporting party's return.
Olympic Propeller Blade Damage
Remains in command when Olympic loses a propeller blade but completes the voyage under her own power.
Edward Evans Rescue
Atkinson organizes a dog-team rescue after Crean reaches Hut Point with news that Edward Evans is dangerously ill.
Northern Party Stranded
Becomes stranded when Terra Nova cannot return through heavy ice.
Terra Nova Cannot Collect Party
Campbell's six men face an unexpected Antarctic winter.
Edward Evans Evacuated
Evans reaches safety after severe scurvy and is later evacuated from Antarctica aboard Terra Nova for medical recovery.
Evans Scurvy Assistance
Lashly helps place the seriously weakened Edward Evans on a sledge when scurvy leaves him unable to continue walking.
Evans Scurvy Rescue
Cares for Edward Evans after severe scurvy develops.
Last Support Party Survival
Lashly and Crean help bring their commander back alive.
Edward Evans Rescue Journey
Crean and Lashly haul the severely ill Edward Evans north after the last supporting party turns back.
Solo March to Hut Point
Crean walks the final distance alone to Hut Point to summon help for Edward Evans and Lashly.
Dog Team Rescue Mission
Girev assists the dog-team operation sent from Hut Point to bring Edward Evans and Lashly safely back from the Barrier.
March 191272 historical events
Militant Suffrage Protest
Is arrested during renewed militant action for women's voting rights.
Window-Smashing Campaign
Leads a coordinated window-smashing protest in central London.
Rule of Samos
Under the leadership of Themistoklis Sofoulis Samos is united with Greece
Attempt to Meet Polar Party
He waits six days hoping to meet Scott's returning party.
One Ton Depot Relief Journey
Reaches One Ton Depot with a dog team and supplies.
Oates Condition Deteriorates
Oates's frostbitten feet worsen severely as the polar party struggles north across the Barrier.
Arica-La Paz Railway
Inaugurates the railway connecting Arica with La Paz as part of Chile's obligations toward Bolivia.
President of Ecuador
Appointed acting President of Ecuador
South Pole Announcement
Announces from Hobart that his party has reached the South Pole
South Pole Expedition
The Expedition makes its way to Hobart, Australia, where Amundsen publicly announces his success
South Pole
Amundsens success is publicly announced on March 7, 1912, when he arrives at Hobart, Australia
Discovery of South Pole
Announces King Haaken & Queen Maude agree to use their names for discovered areas. Announces his discovery of the South Pole
Inexpressible Island Snow Cave
Campbell's men begin converting a snowdrift into a cramped winter shelter after accepting that ship relief will not arrive.
Serbo-Bulgarian Alliance
Signs the alliance establishing Serbian-Bulgarian cooperation against the Ottoman Empire.
Balkan League
The signing of a secret bilateral defensive alliance between Serbia and Bulgaria. Serbia and Bulgaria sign treaties to split between them the land of Vardarrr Macedonia
Serbo-Bulgarian Alliance
Approves the secret alliance with Serbia.
Serbo-Bulgarian Alliance
Signs alliance with Bulgaria against the Ottoman Empire.
Serbo-Bulgarian Alliance
Supports the alliance with Bulgaria directed against Ottoman rule in the Balkans.
Death of Lawrence Oates
Oates, whose condition was aggravated by an old war-wound to the extent that he was barely able to walk, voluntarily left the tent and walked to his death.
Death of Lawrence Oates
Scott wrote that Oates last words were, "I am just going outside and may be some time.". Oates, whose condition was aggravated by an old war-wound to the extent that he was barely able to walk, voluntarily left the tent and walked to his death
Oates Leaves the Tent
Scott records Oates's farewell before Oates, badly weakened and scarcely able to walk, leaves the tent during a blizzard and walks to his death.
Death of Lawrence Edward Grace Oates
Leaves Scott's tent during the return from the South Pole, sacrificing himself as the party struggles northward
Oates Death Recorded
Scott records Oates leaving the tent during a blizzard after weeks of worsening frostbite and exhaustion.
Death of Lawrence Oates
Leaves the tent during a blizzard while critically ill.
Oates Leaves Final Camp
His sacrifice is intended to improve his companions' survival chances.
Death of Lawrence Oates
Leaves the tent and dies during the return journey.
Scott Suffers Severe Frostbite
Scott records serious frostbite in his right foot as the three survivors approach One Ton Depot.
Armament
Announces in the Commons that for every German battleship built Britain should build 2
Diplomatic Proposal at London
Proposes a "Naval holiday", a suspension of naval construction by Britain & Germany
Final Camp Established
After walking a further 20 miles, the three remaining men made their final camp on 19 March, 11 miles (18 km) short of One Ton Depot, but 24 miles (38 km) beyond the original intended location of the depot.
Final Camp Near One Ton Depot
Wilson reaches the final camp with Scott and Bowers approximately eleven miles short of One Ton Depot.
Final Camp Near One Ton Depot
Bowers reaches the final camp with Scott and Wilson while a worsening blizzard prevents further progress.
Titanic Belfast Assignment
Joins Titanic at Belfast as an officer while the new liner is being prepared for service.
Birth of Wilfrid Brambell
Birth of Wilfrid Brambell
Birth of Werner von Braun
Birth of Werner von Braun
Election
The Liberal Party wins a commanding parliamentary majority under Venizelos.
Liberal Election Victory
Venizelos wins an overwhelming parliamentary mandate for his reform programme.
Titanic Junior Officer Arrival
Joins Titanic at Belfast with the junior deck officers before the ship's trials and delivery voyage.
Final Diary Entry
Scott writes his final diary entry while the surviving polar party remains trapped by a blizzard near One Ton Depot.
Death of Henry Robertson Bowers
Dies with Scott and Wilson in their final camp during the return from the South Pole
Final Camp
Dies with Wilson and Bowers near One Ton Depot.
Final Diary Entry
Writes his final diary entry near One Ton Depot.
Polar Party Final Camp
Scott, Wilson and Bowers die in their tent soon afterward.
Death of Henry Bowers
Dies with Scott and Wilson during the return journey.
Death of Edward Wilson
Dies with Scott and Bowers in the final camp.
Coal Mines Minimum Wage Act
Secures passage of the Coal Mines Minimum Wage Act.
National Coal Strike Settlement
Creates district boards to establish minimum underground wage rates.
Coal Mines Minimum Wage Act
Secures passage of the Coal Mines Minimum Wage Act.
Coal Wage District Boards
Creates district boards to set minimum underground wage rates.
Agadir Crisis
France establishes a full protectorate over Morocco, ending what remained of the countrys formal independence
Rule of Morocco
France establishes a full protectorate over Morocco, ending what remained of the countrys formal independence
Rule of Morocco
France establishes a full protectorate over Morocco, ending what remained of the countrys formal independence
Abdication
Abdelhafid abdicates in favor of his brother Yusef after signing the Treaty of Fez, which makes Morocco a French protectorate
Milestones Premiere
Milestones receives its first London production.
Royalty Theatre Production
Traces changing family attitudes across several generations.
One Ton Depot Dog Journey
Cherry-Garrard travels south with dog teams to One Ton Depot in an attempt to meet the returning Polar Party.
Northern Party Winter Cave
Priestley helps the stranded Northern Party survive the Antarctic winter in an ice cave on Inexpressible Island.
Northern Party Winter Survival
Campbell commands the stranded Northern Party as the men prepare an improvised winter shelter on Inexpressible Island.
Northern Party Medical Support
Levick provides medical oversight while the Northern Party endures an unexpected winter on Inexpressible Island.
Dog Team Journey
Attempts to meet Scott's returning party with dog teams.
Titanic Command Appointment
Receives command of Titanic for the new liner's maiden voyage after serving as White Star's senior Olympic-class captain.
Inexpressible Island Winter
Survives the Northern Party's snow-cave winter.
Inexpressible Island Winter
Northern Party winters in a snow cave after ship pickup fails.
Cape Evans Command
Takes command at Cape Evans after Evans is invalided home.
Inexpressible Island Winter
Endures the Northern Party's winter at Inexpressible Island.
Miners Federation Leadership
Supports coordinated action across Britain's principal coalfields.
National Coal Strike
Helps lead the national miners' strike over minimum wages.
Miners Parliamentary Advocacy
Presses Parliament for statutory protection of minimum wages.
National Coal Strike Support
Supports miners during the national coal strike.
Exile from British Arrest
Directs suffrage strategy from France through clandestine communications.
Flight to Paris
Escapes to Paris to avoid arrest for militant conspiracy.
One Ton Depot Support
Girev accompanies the dog journey to One Ton Depot, where worsening conditions prevent any farther attempt to locate Scott's party.
April 1912507 historical events
Titanic Completion
Harland and Wolff completes Titanic after more than three years of construction and fitting out.
Starboard Lifeboat Inspection
Inspects starboard lifeboats and their equipment with Sixth Officer Moody before the maiden voyage.
Titanic Delivery Trip
Travels aboard Titanic on the delivery voyage from Belfast to Southampton.
Titanic Lifeboat Gear Test
Supervises tests in which Titanic's lifeboats are swung out and selected boats are lowered.
Titanic Sea Trials
Takes part in Titanic's sea trials, including turning-circle work and compass adjustment.
Titanic Lifeboat Inspection
Inspects port-side lifeboats and their equipment before Titanic enters passenger service.
Titanic Sea Trials Officer
Joins Titanic's officers for sea trials before the ship leaves Belfast for Southampton.
Titanic Accepted by White Star Line
White Star Line accepts Titanic after successful sea trials and completion at Belfast.
Titanic Sea Trials Command
Commands Titanic during her sea trials in Belfast Lough before the ship is accepted for service.
Titanic Delivery Voyage from Belfast
Travels aboard Titanic after the sea trials as the ship begins her delivery voyage from Belfast toward Southampton.
Titanic Handed Over
Titanic is completed and handed over to White Star Line after her sea trials.
Titanic Sea Trials
Joins Titanic during sea trials in Belfast Lough before the ship is handed over.
Titanic Chief Officer Appointment
Is assigned to Titanic as chief officer shortly before the maiden voyage, prompting a reshuffle of the senior officers.
Titanic First Officer Assignment
Becomes Titanic's first officer after the late appointment of Henry Wilde as chief officer causes a senior-officer reshuffle.
Home Rule
Pledges Conservative-Unionist support for Ulster resistance to Home Rule proposals
Rule of Ireland
Pledges Conservative-Unionist support for Ulster resistance to Home Rule proposals
Titanic Musician Embarkation
Boards Titanic at Southampton as a Belgian violinist assigned to the ship's musical ensemble.
Titanic Maiden Voyage Cancelled by Illness
Misses Titanic's maiden voyage because his doctors consider him insufficiently recovered from surgery to travel.
Titanic Musician Embarkation
Embarks at Southampton as the orchestra's French cellist for Titanic's first Atlantic crossing.
Titanic Musician Embarkation
Boards Titanic at Southampton as bandmaster and violinist for the ship's orchestra.
Titanic Musician Embarkation
Boards Titanic at Southampton as an English bass player in the ship's orchestra.
Titanic Maiden Voyage Departure
Commands Titanic as she leaves Southampton on 10 April 1912 for her maiden voyage to New York.
Titanic Reaches Cherbourg
Commands Titanic during the first scheduled stop of her maiden voyage at Cherbourg.
Titanic Musician Embarkation
Joins the maiden voyage at Southampton as a cellist in Titanic's contracted orchestra.
Titanic Duty Report
Reports for duty aboard Titanic on the morning of departure from Southampton.
Titanic Departure Duty
Serves as Titanic's fourth officer when the liner departs Southampton on her maiden voyage.
Titanic Musician Embarkation
Embarks at Southampton as one of Titanic's pianists for the transatlantic maiden voyage.
Titanic Musician Embarkation
Joins Titanic at Southampton as a pianist, having previously worked as a professional shipboard musician.
Second Class Cabin D56
Occupies second-class cabin D56 during Titanic's maiden voyage.
Titanic Embarkation
Boards Titanic at Southampton as a second-class passenger bound for North America.
Titanic Musician Embarkation
Boards Titanic at Southampton as a Scottish violinist in the ship's orchestra.
Titanic Maiden Voyage Passenger
Boards Titanic at Southampton as a first-class passenger for the maiden voyage.
Titanic Cherbourg Call
Commands Titanic during the evening call at Cherbourg, where additional passengers join the maiden voyage.
Titanic Southampton Departure
Commands Titanic as the liner departs Southampton on her maiden voyage to New York.
Guarantee Group Maiden Voyage
Remains aboard for the maiden voyage so the Guarantee Group can test systems and address problems.
Guarantee Group Maiden Voyage
Sails with Harland and Wolff's Guarantee Group to observe Titanic's performance and identify defects during the maiden voyage.
Titanic Embarkation
Boards Titanic at Cherbourg with her husband John Jacob Astor and members of their travelling party.
Titanic Embarkation
Boards Titanic at Cherbourg for an urgent return journey to the United States.
Urgent Return to America
Takes passage on Titanic after receiving news that her first grandchild is ill in the United States.
Titanic Leaves Queenstown
Commands Titanic as she leaves Queenstown for the open Atlantic and New York.
Carpathia Command
Commands Carpathia after the ship departs New York on her eastbound voyage on 11 April 1912.
Titanic Queenstown Departure
Commands Titanic as the liner leaves Queenstown on the final European leg of the maiden voyage.
Home Rule
Home Rule Bill, The Irish Home Rule Bill is introduced in the House of Commons
Independence of Great Britain
Home Rule Bill, The Irish Home Rule Bill is introduced in the House of Commons. Asquith renews Liberal efforts to establish Irish Home Rule
Independence of Ireland
Home Rule Bill, The Irish Home Rule Bill is introduced in the House of Commons. Asquith renews Liberal efforts to establish Irish Home Rule
Irish Home Rule Bill Introduced
Introduces the Irish Home Rule Bill in the House of Commons.
Irish Home Rule
Home Rule Bill, The Irish Home Rule Bill is introduced in the House of Commons. Asquith renews Liberal efforts to establish Irish Home Rule
Legislation
Home Rule Bill, The Irish Home Rule Bill is introduced in the House of Commons
First Class Atlantic Passage
Travels as a first-class passenger aboard Titanic during the ship's maiden Atlantic crossing.
Pregnancy During Voyage
Makes the voyage while pregnant with the child she is expecting with John Jacob Astor.
Travelling with Maid
Travels with maid Rosalie Bidois as part of the Astor party aboard Titanic.
Travelling with Nurse
Travels with nurse Caroline Endres as part of the Astor party aboard Titanic.
First Class Atlantic Passage
Travels as a first-class passenger aboard Titanic during the maiden Atlantic voyage.
Maiden Voyage Technical Notes
Continues making technical notes and assisting the crew with minor difficulties as Titanic proceeds across the Atlantic.
Titanic Collision Response
Returns to the bridge and takes charge after Titanic strikes the iceberg.
Titanic Ice Warnings
Receives information that ice has been reported ahead on Titanic's North Atlantic route.
Iceberg Evasive Manoeuvre
Orders an emergency change of course and engine action when the iceberg is reported directly ahead.
Iceberg Helm Order
Orders the helm hard to starboard immediately after the lookout warning of an iceberg directly ahead.
Night Bridge Watch
Takes over Titanic's bridge watch from Second Officer Lightoller at ten o'clock on the night of 14 April.
Titanic Bridge Watch Begins
Takes charge of Titanic's bridge watch at 10 p.m. on the night of the collision.
Titanic Collision Manoeuvre
Directs emergency manoeuvring after the lookout reports the iceberg ahead.
Titanic Collision Watch
Has charge of Titanic's bridge watch when the iceberg is sighted.
Bridge Watch Responsibilities
Performs fourth-officer duties aboard Titanic during the final day of the voyage.
Collision Response
Reports to the bridge immediately after Titanic strikes the iceberg and assists the senior officers.
Damage Assessment Assistance
Assists with the officers' efforts to determine Titanic's condition after the collision.
Iceberg Observation
Joins officers on the bridge and observes the iceberg after the collision.
Boiler Room Six Collision
Is on duty in boiler room 6 when seawater enters rapidly after Titanic strikes the iceberg.
Lookout Warning
Rings the warning bell and telephones the bridge.
Three Bell Iceberg Signal
Strikes three bells from the crow's nest immediately after sighting the iceberg ahead.
Titanic Bridge Iceberg Warning
Telephones the bridge after sighting the iceberg ahead of Titanic.
Titanic Iceberg Sighting
Sights the iceberg directly ahead of Titanic.
Titanic Lookout Watch
Keeps lookout from Titanic's crow's nest with Reginald Lee on the night of the collision.
Titanic Crow's Nest Watch
Shares the crow's nest watch with Frederick Fleet shortly before Titanic strikes the iceberg.
Collision Manoeuvre
Carries out the helm order during the attempted avoidance manoeuvre.
Titanic Helm During Collision
Stands at Titanic's wheel while the bridge attempts to avoid the iceberg.
Collision Sensation
Notices a slight movement and a change in the engines rather than a violent impact when the collision occurs.
Reading at Collision
Is reading in his cabin when Titanic strikes the iceberg late on 14 April.
Steward Reassurance
Questions a steward after the collision and is initially told that there is no cause for alarm.
Bridge Watch Handed Over
Hands the evening bridge watch to First Officer Murdoch at 10 p.m. before retiring to his cabin.
Bridge Watch Handed to Murdoch
Hands the bridge watch to First Officer Murdoch and tells him that Titanic is entering the reported ice region.
Ice Lookout Warning
Has a warning passed to the crow's nest to keep a sharp lookout for ice during the evening watch.
Iceberg Telephone Warning
Receives the crow's-nest telephone warning of an iceberg ahead and repeats the warning to First Officer Murdoch.
Receives Iceberg Warning
Receives the lookout's telephone warning from the crow's nest and passes the danger to the bridge watch.
Californian First Watch
Keeps the first watch on Californian while the ship remains stopped among field ice.
Morse Lamp Call Attempted
Attempts to call the nearby steamer with Californian's Morse lamp but receives no confirmed reply.
Nearby Ship Observation
Observes a nearby passenger vessel while Californian is stopped for ice and tries to signal it by Morse lamp.
Nearby Steamer Lights Diminish
Observes the nearby steamer's deck lights diminish around the time the vessel appears to stop.
Nearby Steamer Report to Captain
Reports the approaching steamer to Captain Lord while Californian remains stationary in the ice.
Passenger Steamer Identified
Observes the lights of a nearby vessel and concludes that she is a passenger steamer.
Baltic Ice Warning Received
Receives the Baltic ice warning from Captain Smith during the afternoon of 14 April.
Antillian Ice Report Transmitted
Transmits Californian's report to Antillian describing large icebergs seen near the ship's track.
Californian Ice Warning
Sends Titanic a wireless message warning that Californian is stopped among ice.
Cape Race Traffic Monitored
Continues hearing Titanic communicate with Cape Race before ending his wireless watch for the night.
Ice Report Offered to Titanic
Offers Titanic the iceberg information after noticing that the liner is within wireless range.
Stopped and Surrounded by Ice Message
Transmits to Titanic that Californian is stopped and surrounded by ice.
Titanic Ice Report Acknowledgment
Receives confirmation that Titanic's operator has already copied Californian's earlier iceberg report.
Titanic Intercepts Ice Report
Learns that Titanic has intercepted Californian's wireless ice report sent to Antillian.
Titanic Keep Out Reply
Receives Titanic's curt reply while her operator is working Cape Race traffic.
Titanic Nearby Identification
Tells Captain Lord that Titanic appears to be near Californian based on the strength of the wireless signals.
Wireless Watch Ends Before Distress
Turns in for the night before Titanic begins transmitting her distress calls.
Wireless Watch Before Distress
Keeps his wireless headphones on while preparing to retire and consequently hears Titanic's distress traffic.
Additional Iceberg Sighted
Records another large iceberg and further ice visible to the southward during the evening passage.
Californian Boston Passage
Commands Californian on her westbound voyage from London to Boston when the Titanic disaster occurs.
Californian Head Turned East Northeast
Turns Californian's head toward the east-northeast after stopping for the night among the ice.
Californian Stops for Ice
Stops Californian for the night after encountering a field of ice in the North Atlantic.
Californian Stops in Field Ice
Stops and reverses Californian after the ship reaches field ice extending across her intended course.
Large Icebergs Logged
Records large icebergs encountered during Californian's passage on the evening before Titanic sinks.
Nearby Steamer Report Received
Receives reports that a steamer is approaching while Californian remains stopped among the ice.
Stopped in Ice Message Ordered
Orders Evans to advise Titanic that Californian is stopped and surrounded by ice.
Titanic Proximity Discussed with Evans
Asks wireless operator Cyril Evans what ships are nearby and is told that Titanic appears to be close.
Baltic Ice Message Acknowledged
Receives Baltic's detailed ice report and acknowledges the message during the afternoon of 14 April.
Baltic Ice Warning Reviewed
Receives the Baltic warning reporting icebergs and field ice near Titanic's intended route.
Baltic Wireless Reply
Sends Baltic a reply thanking the ship for its message and good wishes and reporting fine weather.
Bridge Return after Collision
Returns to Titanic's bridge immediately after the iceberg collision and begins assessing the ship's condition.
Caronia Ice Warning Received
Receives and acknowledges Caronia's warning reporting icebergs, growlers and field ice ahead of Titanic's route.
Ice Conditions Discussed with Lightoller
Discusses the reported ice with Second Officer Lightoller before leaving standing instructions for the night watch.
Collision Response from Cabin
Responds after feeling the collision and becomes involved in determining the seriousness of the damage to Titanic.
Final Evening Blueprint Review
Returns to his cabin after dinner and reviews plans and technical notes during the evening before the collision.
Passenger Areas Inspection
Continues inspecting Titanic's passenger spaces and technical systems during the voyage before the collision.
Collision Night
Is aboard Titanic with her husband when the ship strikes the iceberg late on 14 April.
Collision Night
Is aboard Titanic when the liner strikes the iceberg late on 14 April.
Death in Titanic Disaster
Perishes with Titanic after the Belgian violinist remains with the musical ensemble during the emergency.
Descent into Lifeboat Six
Climbs down a rope into lifeboat 6 after offering his sailing experience to help the short-handed boat.
Death in Titanic Disaster
Dies in the sinking after performing with Titanic's musicians during the evacuation.
Emergency Lifeboat One Survival
Escapes in emergency lifeboat 1 and helps crew the lightly loaded boat.
Californian Midnight Watch
Begins the midnight-to-four watch with Second Officer Herbert Stone while Californian is stopped.
Captain Rocket Message Delivered
Goes to Captain Lord and reports that eight white rockets have been seen from the nearby vessel's direction.
Morse Lamp Signalling
Attempts to contact the nearby vessel from Californian by Morse lamp but receives no reply.
Morse Reply Attempt
Attempts to answer what initially appears to be Morse signalling from the nearby vessel.
Nearby Steamer Lights Sighted
Sees a masthead light, a red sidelight and a glare of white lights from the nearby vessel.
Rocket Colour Confirmed to Captain
Confirms to Captain Lord that the rockets reported from the bridge appeared to be white.
Rocket Report to Captain Lord
Reports to Captain Lord that eight white rockets have been observed and that the nearby ship has disappeared from view.
Rocket Watch Continues
Continues observing the nearby vessel with Stone while white rockets appear in its direction.
Vessel Observation Resumed
Returns to the bridge after reporting to Captain Lord and continues watching until the nearby vessel disappears.
Passenger Steamer Seen from Deck
Observes the nearby vessel from Californian's deck and considers it large enough to be a passenger ship.
Two Rockets Seen from Californian
Reports seeing two rockets rise from the direction of the vessel he had been observing after midnight.
Death in Titanic Disaster
Dies in the sinking after leading the musicians during the evacuation.
Death in Titanic Disaster
Dies in the sinking after continuing his duties as a musician during the evacuation.
Death of Edward Smith
Dies during Titanic's sinking after directing the evacuation and distress response.
Sinking of RMS Titanic - Lifeboat Evacuation
After the iceberg collision, Smith ordered lifeboats uncovered and passengers mustered; Titanic sank at about 02:20 on 15 April 1912.
Sinking of RMS Titanic
Titanic founders at about 2:20 a.m. on 15 April after striking an iceberg; Smith dies with the ship.
Titanic Distress Order
Orders Titanic's wireless operators to call for assistance after the collision.
Death in Titanic Disaster
Dies in the disaster after playing with Titanic's orchestra during the evacuation.
Chief Baker Rescue
Is later recovered after supporting evacuation efforts.
Titanic Final Plunge Survival
Survives after entering the freezing sea during Titanic's final sinking.
Titanic Lifeboat Provisioning
Helps supply lifeboats with bread while passengers and crew prepare to abandon ship.
Death of Joseph Bell
Dies with the ship after remaining below with members of Titanic's engineering department.
Titanic Engine Room Command
Leads Titanic's engineering department as the crew works to maintain power and pumping after the collision.
Captain Called After Rocket Report
Calls Captain Lord before dawn and tells him that rockets had been observed during the previous watch.
Chief Officer Takes Morning Watch
Relieves Herbert Stone at four in the morning and receives an account of the rockets seen during the middle watch.
Morning Steamer Observation
Observes another steamer before dawn and discusses whether it is the same vessel associated with the earlier rockets.
Chief Officer Lost with Titanic
Dies in the disaster after remaining on duty during Titanic's evacuation.
Collapsible D Evacuation
Helps supervise collapsible D during the final lifeboat operations on Titanic's port side.
Lifeboat Eight Evacuation
Assists with lifeboat 8 on the port side during the evacuation.
Lifeboat Fourteen Assistance
Assists Fifth Officer Lowe with preparations around lifeboat 14.
Titanic Boat Deck Assistance
Assists the senior officers with lifeboat preparation and evacuation work on Titanic's boat deck.
Titanic Lifeboat Preparation
Helps organize lifeboat preparation and evacuation after the collision.
Lifeboat Fourteen Command
Takes command of lifeboat 14 after supervising its loading and lowering from Titanic's port side.
Return to Titanic Wreckage
Rows back toward the wreckage after Titanic sinks to search for people still alive.
Return to Wreckage Rescue
Returns toward the wreckage in lifeboat 14 and rescues several people who remain alive in the water.
Titanic Lifeboat Fourteen
Takes command of lifeboat number 14 during Titanic's evacuation.
Titanic Lifeboats Consolidated
Transfers passengers between boats so he can organize a return toward the wreckage.
Titanic Water Survivors
Recovers several people from the water during the post-sinking search.
Warning Shots During Evacuation
Fires warning shots while controlling a crowd near lifeboat 14 during the evacuation.
Lifeboat Thirteen Escape
Escapes Titanic in lifeboat 13 after leaving the engineering spaces.
Lifeboat Six Escape
Survives Titanic in lifeboat 6 during the port-side evacuation.
Collapsible C Evacuation
Supervises work around collapsible C during the final stages of the starboard evacuation.
Emergency Lifeboat One Lowering
Helps supervise emergency lifeboat 1 as it is lowered from the starboard side.
Lifeboat Five Lowering
Helps supervise the loading and lowering of lifeboat 5 on Titanic's starboard side.
Lifeboat Seven Lowering
Supervises the starboard evacuation and helps send lifeboat 7 away, the first boat lowered from that side.
Lost in Titanic Sinking
Dies during the sinking after serving on the boat deck throughout the emergency.
Starboard Lifeboat Evacuation
Directs the loading and lowering of lifeboats from Titanic's starboard side during the evacuation.
Carpathia Guided by Green Lights
Uses the green lights from lifeboat 2 to help guide Carpathia toward the first survivors.
Carpathia Rockets Sighted
Sees rockets from the approaching Carpathia while lifeboat 2 waits in the darkness.
Continued Rocket Signalling
Continues sending distress rockets while officers watch the lights of a nearby steamer.
Distress Position Delivery
Carries Titanic's calculated position to the wireless room so it can be transmitted to other ships.
Distress Rocket Preparation
Helps prepare and fire the regulation distress rockets from Titanic's bridge area.
Emergency Boat Two Departure
Leaves Titanic in emergency lifeboat 2 and directs the boat away from the sinking liner.
Emergency Boat Two Loading
Takes charge of emergency lifeboat 2 as passengers are placed aboard during the evacuation.
First Boat Alongside Carpathia
Brings lifeboat 2 alongside Carpathia at about 4:10 in the morning as the rescue begins.
Green Flare Signalling
Displays bright green pyrotechnic lights from lifeboat 2 while waiting for a rescue ship.
Green Pyrotechnics Loaded
Has a box of green pyrotechnic lights placed in lifeboat 2 before it leaves Titanic.
Lifeboat Command
Commands a lifeboat and later signals the approaching Carpathia.
Morse Lamp Signal
Uses Titanic's Morse lamp in an attempt to communicate with the nearby steamer.
Nearby Steamer Observation
Observes the sidelights and masthead lights of a nearby steamer while Titanic is sinking.
Passengers Assisted from Boat Two
Helps the occupants of lifeboat 2 climb from the boat and board Carpathia safely.
Titanic Distress Rockets Fired
Helps send distress rockets from Titanic to attract the attention of nearby vessels.
Titanic Lifeboat Two
Survives the disaster after taking charge of lifeboat number 2.
Titanic Position Calculation
Calculates the position supplied for Titanic's wireless distress traffic after the collision.
Titanic Position Calculation
Works out Titanic's position for distress messages and communication with responding ships.
White Distress Rockets
Fires white distress rockets intended to attract the attention of a nearby vessel.
Emergency Lifeboat One Survival
Escapes in emergency lifeboat 1 with other crew members and first-class passengers.
Boiler Room Five Withdrawal
Retreats through the engineering spaces as flooding spreads and the boiler-room situation becomes untenable.
Lifeboat Thirteen Survival
Escapes in lifeboat 13 and helps manage the heavily loaded boat after it reaches the water.
Lifeboat Six Survival
Escapes Titanic in lifeboat 6 after completing lookout duties on the night of the collision.
Lifeboat Seven Survival
Escapes Titanic in lifeboat 7 after earlier serving as a lookout.
Emergency Lifeboat One Command
Takes charge of emergency lifeboat 1 after it is lowered from Titanic.
Death in Titanic Disaster
Dies when Titanic founders after performing with the musicians during the emergency.
Death in Titanic Disaster
Dies when Titanic sinks after playing with the ship's musicians during the emergency.
Distress Signalling Assistance
Assists officers with emergency signalling from the after part of Titanic during the distress response.
Titanic Lifeboat Six
Survives Titanic's sinking aboard lifeboat number 6.
Carpathia Boarding
Boards Carpathia from lifeboat 13 at about 4:45 in the morning.
Carpathia Rescue Observed
Observes Carpathia collecting other Titanic lifeboats and survivors during the morning rescue.
Carpathia Sighted
Sees Carpathia approaching from the southeast and turns with the boat toward the rescue ship.
Discharge Water Danger
Experiences lifeboat 13 being pushed away from a powerful discharge of water from Titanic's side.
Falls Cut from Lifeboat Thirteen
Witnesses the falls being cut so lifeboat 13 can move clear beneath the descending boat 15.
Iceberg Near Carpathia
Observes an iceberg near Carpathia as lifeboat 13 approaches the rescue ship at daybreak.
Lifeboat Fifteen Danger
Survives the danger of lifeboat 15 descending almost directly onto lifeboat 13.
Lifeboat Thirteen Boarding
Boards lifeboat 13 after men are permitted to fill remaining places in the boat.
Lifeboat Thirteen Escape
Escapes Titanic in lifeboat 13 after men are permitted to fill remaining places on the starboard side.
Lifeboat Thirteen Lowered
Leaves Titanic in lifeboat 13 as it is lowered from the starboard side.
Nearby Lifeboat Contact
Maintains intermittent contact with several nearby lifeboats in the darkness after Titanic sinks.
Return for Warm Clothing
Returns to his cabin for warmer clothing before going back toward the boat deck.
Search for Lifeboat Light
Searches lifeboat 13 for a useful lamp and finds that effective signalling light is unavailable.
Ship List Observed
Notices Titanic's increasing list while moving through the ship during the evacuation.
Titanic Sinking Witnessed
Watches Titanic's lights disappear and witnesses the liner sink from lifeboat 13.
Californian Middle Watch
Takes charge of Californian's bridge for the middle watch while the ship remains stopped in ice.
Californian Midnight Watch
Takes the midnight watch aboard Californian while the ship is stopped among ice.
Continued Morse Signalling Ordered
Directs continued Morse-lamp signalling toward the nearby steamer after reporting the rockets to Captain Lord.
Eight Rockets Message Sent to Captain
Sends James Gibson to tell Captain Lord that eight white rockets have been observed in all.
Five White Rockets Reported
Reports to Captain Lord that five white rockets have been seen in the direction of the nearby steamer.
Nearby Vessel Appears Unusual
Remarks that the nearby vessel's appearance and lights look unusual while continuing to observe her.
Nearby Vessel Bearing Watch
Keeps the nearby steamer under observation after receiving instructions to report changes in her bearing or distance.
Nearby Vessel Disappearance Report
Reports to Captain Lord that the vessel associated with the rockets has disappeared from view to the southwest.
Three Further White Rockets Seen
Observes three additional white rockets after Californian again attempts to signal the nearby vessel.
Titanic Rockets Observed
Observes a series of white rockets in the direction of the nearby vessel and reports them to Captain Lord.
Collapsible B Survival
Survives on overturned collapsible lifeboat B after Titanic disappears beneath the water.
Collapsible D Loading
Supervises loading of collapsible D during the final minutes of Titanic's evacuation.
Lifeboat Eight Loading
Oversees the port-side departure of lifeboat 8, one of the earlier boats lowered during the evacuation.
Lifeboat Four Loading
Supervises preparations for lifeboat 4 and directs women and children into the boat.
Lifeboat Six Loading
Directs women into lifeboat 6 and sends the under-manned boat away from Titanic's port side.
Lifeboat Sixteen Loading
Helps supervise lifeboat 16 during the port-side evacuation.
Port Lifeboat Evacuation
Supervises the loading and lowering of lifeboats from Titanic's port side during the evacuation.
Port-Side Evacuation
Survives after reaching an overturned collapsible boat.
Titanic Lifeboat Loading
Supervises loading and lowering lifeboats on Titanic's port side.
Lifeboat Eleven Preparation
Assists with lifeboat 11 as passengers are moved toward the starboard boats.
Lifeboat Fifteen Preparation
Assists with lifeboat 15 during the evacuation from Titanic's starboard side.
Lifeboat Nine Preparation
Helps prepare and load lifeboat 9 during the evacuation.
Lifeboat Thirteen Preparation
Helps oversee lifeboat 13 during the crowded starboard evacuation.
Sixth Officer Lost with Titanic
Dies in the disaster after assisting with lifeboat operations during Titanic's evacuation.
Titanic Evacuation Assistance
Helps other officers prepare and launch lifeboats during the evacuation.
Lifeboat Fifteen Survival
Escapes in lifeboat 15 after assisting third-class passengers toward the boat deck.
Third Class Passenger Guidance
Guides a group of third-class women and children toward lifeboat 15 during the evacuation.
Middle Watch Handover to Stone
Points out the nearby steamer to Herbert Stone when handing over the bridge watch shortly after midnight.
Lifeboat Five Command
Takes command of lifeboat 5 after First Officer Murdoch orders him to leave Titanic with the boat.
Titanic Lifeboat Five
Leaves Titanic in lifeboat number 5 while assisting the evacuation.
Death in Titanic Disaster
Perishes in the sinking after the young Scottish violinist continues performing during the ship's final evacuation.
Lifeboat Five Loading Assistance
Helps Third Officer Pitman bring women forward while lifeboat 5 is being loaded.
Lifeboat Seven Loading Assistance
Assists near lifeboat 7 by helping keep a passage clear for women during the evacuation.
Titanic Collapsible C
Survives the sinking after leaving Titanic in collapsible lifeboat C.
Morning Wireless Recall
Is awakened before dawn and returns to the wireless set after officers report that rockets were seen during the night.
Titanic Loss Learned by Wireless
Learns by wireless that Titanic has sunk after resuming duty aboard Californian in the morning.
Baltic Contact after Rescue
Communicates with Baltic after Carpathia reaches the wreck area and survivors are recovered.
Baltic Rescue Report
Informs Baltic that Carpathia has reached the wreck area and recovered survivors from Titanic's boats.
Bridge Alert
Immediately reports Titanic's distress message to Carpathia's bridge.
CQD Interception
Unexpectedly intercepts Titanic's CQD announcing that the liner has struck an iceberg.
Californian Contact
Handles wireless communication involving Californian after the rescue operation is underway.
Captain Alerted
Ensures Captain Rostron is informed that Titanic has struck an iceberg and requires assistance.
Captain's Coming Message
Transmits Rostron's assurance that Carpathia is coming to Titanic's assistance.
Carpathia Position Sent
Transmits Carpathia's position during the wireless exchange with Titanic.
Continuous Wireless Duty
Remains at the wireless apparatus for prolonged duty as ships seek information about Titanic and the rescue.
Destination Requests Answered
Handles wireless questions from other ships asking where Carpathia intends to take the survivors.
Destination Revised to New York
Communicates the later decision that Carpathia will carry Titanic's survivors back to New York.
Frankfurt Inquiry Heard
Hears Frankfurt ask Titanic what is wrong during the wireless traffic surrounding the distress call.
Frankfurt Traffic Monitored
Monitors wireless exchanges between Titanic and Frankfurt during the emergency.
Full Speed Wireless Reply
Tells Titanic by wireless that Carpathia is steaming toward her as fast as possible.
Further Titanic Messages
Receives several additional wireless messages from Titanic after the initial distress call.
Iceberg Collision Message
Receives Titanic's warning that the ship has struck an iceberg and needs immediate assistance.
Initial Halifax Possibility
Passes information reflecting Rostron's initial consideration of Halifax as a possible destination after the rescue.
Last Message Without Reply
Sends a final message toward Titanic but receives no further answer from the sinking liner.
Lifeboat Readiness Message
Relays Rostron's message telling Titanic that Carpathia is coming and that rescue preparations are being made.
Multiple Titanic Signals Heard
Receives about four additional messages from Titanic after the initial CQD according to his later testimony.
Nearby Ships Contacted
Communicates with ships in the vicinity as information about the disaster and rescue is exchanged.
Official Messages Prioritized
Handles official messages authorized by Rostron concerning the sinking, survivors and Carpathia's destination.
Olympic Call Monitored
Hears Olympic attempting to call Titanic and helps draw Titanic's wireless operator's attention to the call.
Olympic Service Message
Hears Olympic calling Titanic with a master's service message during the developing emergency.
Rescue Communications Begin
Continues operating Carpathia's wireless station while survivors are being brought aboard.
Rescue Course Reply
Sends confirmation that Carpathia is steaming toward Titanic at the greatest speed possible.
Rescue Outcome Transmitted
Reports that Carpathia has picked up the survivors found in Titanic's small boats.
Titanic Alerted to Olympic
Tells Titanic's operator that Olympic is calling when the call has not initially been noticed.
Titanic CQD Heard by Chance
Hears Titanic's distress call largely by chance while still wearing his wireless headphones before retiring.
Titanic Communications End
Notes that Titanic stops answering wireless calls before Carpathia reaches the transmitted position.
Titanic Distress Call Received
Receives Titanic's distress traffic and alerts Carpathia's bridge so the ship can turn toward the reported position.
Titanic Lifeboat Warning Relayed
Relays Rostron's instruction that Titanic should have her lifeboats ready while Carpathia approaches.
Titanic Position Received
Receives Titanic's reported position for Carpathia's emergency run toward the liner.
Virginian Contact
Handles wireless communication with Virginian while ships exchange information about the Titanic disaster.
Wireless Position Exchange
Exchanges positional information needed for Carpathia's run toward Titanic.
Wireless Silence from Titanic
Recognizes that direct wireless communication with Titanic has ceased before Carpathia reaches the scene.
Titanic Distress Assistance
Assists Phillips in transmitting Titanic's distress calls.
Titanic Wireless Operator Survival
Survives the sinking after remaining at the wireless set late into the evacuation.
Wireless Operator Survival
Survives aboard the overturned collapsible lifeboat.
CQD and SOS Transmission
Continues wireless work until electrical power fails.
Titanic CQD Distress Call
Transmits CQD distress calls from Titanic's wireless room after the collision.
Titanic SOS Signal
Uses the newer SOS distress signal while continuing to seek assistance.
Additional Lookouts Posted
Posts additional lookouts because Titanic's collision indicates dangerous ice ahead.
All Survivors Aboard
Completes the survivor recovery after the last occupied Titanic boat reaches Carpathia during the morning.
Blankets Distributed for Rescue
Orders blankets placed in saloons, at gangways and in boats for use during the rescue.
Boat Two Located
Closes on the green lights displayed from Boxhall's boat and makes it the first Titanic boat recovered.
Boats Cleared for Emergency
Has spare gear removed from Carpathia's boats so they can be turned out rapidly if required.
Californian Search Request
Arranges for Californian to search the area for a Titanic boat believed still to be unaccounted for.
Carpathia Arrival at Disaster Position
Reaches the vicinity of Titanic's transmitted position shortly after four in the morning.
Carpathia Lifeboats Readied
Orders Carpathia's lifeboats prepared and made ready for immediate use if needed.
Carpathia Reaches Titanic Lifeboats
Brings Carpathia to the disaster area and begins recovering people from Titanic's lifeboats.
Carpathia Receives Titanic Distress Call
Responds after Carpathia receives Titanic's wireless distress message.
Carpathia Rescue Preparations
Orders Carpathia prepared to receive large numbers of survivors while the ship races toward Titanic's reported position.
Carpathia Turns Westward
Turns Carpathia from her eastbound route onto a course toward Titanic's transmitted position.
Course Changes Around Ice
Makes repeated course alterations as icebergs are sighted during Carpathia's final approach.
Cunard Rescue Report
Authorizes an official wireless report to Cunard describing the rescue and the decision to return west.
Deck Work Suspended
Orders ordinary deck work stopped so Carpathia's crew can concentrate on preparations for a mass rescue.
Emergency Course Order
Orders Carpathia turned toward Titanic immediately after learning of the distress call.
Engine Room Emergency Alert
Sends an urgent engine-room order explaining that Titanic is in distress and that maximum speed is required.
Extra Stokers Called
Orders the chief engineer to call an additional watch of stokers for the emergency run.
First Class Medical Reception
Stations the English doctor and assistants in Carpathia's first-class dining room for incoming survivors.
First Lifeboat Recovery
Directs the first recovery as Titanic's lifeboat 2 reaches Carpathia shortly after four in the morning.
Gangway Blankets Readied
Has blankets positioned at Carpathia's gangways for cold survivors arriving from the lifeboats.
Gangway Reception Organized
Directs the purser and stewards to organize reception of survivors at Carpathia's gangways.
Green Flare Sighted
Sees a green flare from Boxhall's lifeboat while Carpathia closes on the disaster area.
Hot Drinks Prepared
Orders coffee, tea and soup prepared for survivors and crew during the rescue operation.
Iceberg Avoidance Approach
Alters Carpathia's course repeatedly while approaching Titanic's position through an ice field.
Lifeboat Recovery Sequence
Keeps Carpathia maneuvering among the scattered lifeboats as survivors are taken aboard through the morning.
Lookout Reinforcement
Strengthens the lookout arrangements while Carpathia runs at high speed through waters known to contain ice.
Maximum Speed Order
Directs the engine room to make every possible speed toward Titanic's reported position.
Medical Stations Assigned
Assigns Carpathia's doctors to first, second and third-class dining rooms to receive survivors.
Medical Supplies Prepared
Orders restoratives, stimulants and medical supplies prepared for injured or exhausted survivors.
Memorial Service
Arranges a short service of thanksgiving for those rescued and remembrance for those lost.
Missing Boat Search Arranged
Asks Californian to search the surrounding sea when a Titanic boat is believed to remain unaccounted for.
New York Destination Chosen
Decides to return to New York because it offers the most practical destination for Titanic's survivors.
Officer Added to Bridge
Keeps an additional officer on Carpathia's bridge during the dangerous approach to Titanic's position.
Passenger Areas Controlled
Orders Carpathia's own passengers managed away from rescue areas to reduce confusion on deck.
Rescue Area Departure Decision
Leaves the disaster area after the lifeboats and survivors have been accounted for as fully as possible.
Rescue Boat Blankets Readied
Has additional blankets prepared for use in boats during the recovery operation.
Rescue Through Daybreak
Continues maneuvering Carpathia among ice and lifeboats as daylight spreads across the disaster area.
Second Class Medical Reception
Stations the Italian doctor and assistants in Carpathia's second-class dining room for incoming survivors.
Steerage Area Cleared
Orders Carpathia's steerage staff to keep their own passengers clear of the third-class rescue area.
Survivor Registration Ordered
Orders the purser's staff to record the names of Titanic survivors as soon as practicable.
Third Class Medical Reception
Stations the Hungarian doctor and assistants in Carpathia's third-class dining room for incoming survivors.
Titanic Boats Hoisted Aboard
Has thirteen of Titanic's wooden lifeboats hoisted aboard Carpathia during the rescue operation.
Titanic Rescue Completed
Completes recovery of Titanic survivors before Carpathia turns toward New York.
White Star Rescue Report
Authorizes an official wireless message to White Star reporting survivors aboard and Carpathia's return course.
Californian Proceeds to Titanic Position
Gets Californian under way at full speed through the ice toward the reported position of Titanic.
Morning Rocket Report Received
Is informed again before dawn that rockets had been observed during the middle watch.
Reports of White Rockets
Receives reports from the bridge that white rockets are being seen in the direction of a nearby vessel.
Virginian Titanic Report Received
Learns by wireless from Virginian that Titanic has struck an iceberg and that passengers are in boats.
White Rocket Report Received
Receives a bridge report that white rockets are being seen in the direction of the nearby steamer.
CQD Distress Transmission Ordered
Authorizes transmission of CQD distress calls so nearby ships can be summoned to Titanic's position.
Damage Reports Received
Receives reports of water entering forward compartments and learns that Titanic's damage is severe.
Distress Rockets Ordered
Orders or authorizes distress rockets to be fired at intervals in an attempt to attract nearby vessels.
Final Command during Sinking
Remains responsible for Titanic during the final evacuation as the ship settles lower and the remaining boats are launched.
Lost with Titanic
Dies when Titanic sinks after remaining aboard during the evacuation and final emergency.
Megaphone Evacuation Direction
Uses a megaphone on the boat deck while directing passengers and reinforcing the women-and-children evacuation priority.
Rescue Ships Boat Readiness Message
Has a wireless message sent advising responding ships to prepare their boats because Titanic is sinking.
Titanic Evacuation Ordered
Directs officers to uncover and load the lifeboats after the seriousness of Titanic's damage becomes clear.
Wireless Distress Calls Authorized
Orders Titanic's wireless operators to call for assistance after the seriousness of the flooding becomes apparent.
Women Entering Boats Wireless Report
Has wireless traffic report that women are being placed into Titanic's lifeboats during the evacuation.
Women and Children Priority
Directs that women and children receive priority as Titanic's lifeboats are loaded and lowered.
Lifeboat Eight Steering
Escapes in lifeboat 8 and assists with steering and rowing after the boat leaves Titanic.
Emergency Lifeboat One Escape
Escapes Titanic with her husband in emergency lifeboat 1.
Emergency Lifeboat One Escape
Escapes with his wife in emergency lifeboat 1, which is lowered with only twelve occupants.
Collision Damage Report to Captain
Reports to Captain Smith that the flooding is beyond Titanic's designed ability to remain afloat.
Death in Titanic Disaster
Dies when Titanic sinks after remaining aboard during the evacuation, and his body is never identified.
Deckchairs Thrown Overboard
Is reported throwing deckchairs overboard so they might provide flotation for people forced into the water.
Etches Passenger Warning Instructions
Directs steward Henry Etches to tell passengers where their lifebelts are stored and to help them put the belts on.
Flooding Extent Evaluation
Uses his detailed knowledge of Titanic's subdivision to assess how flooding of multiple forward compartments threatens the ship.
Passenger Lifebelt Warning
Urges stewardess Annie Robinson to wear her lifebelt visibly so passengers understand the seriousness of the emergency.
Steerage Passengers Directed Upward
Is observed giving instructions intended to help steerage passengers move upward during the emergency.
Stewardess Emergency Warning
Warns stewardesses to hurry on deck and take precautions after the extent of Titanic's flooding becomes clear.
Titanic Damage Inspection
Inspects the ship after the collision and assesses flooding in the forward compartments.
Titanic Foundering Assessment
Advises Captain Smith that the damaged ship cannot remain afloat.
Titanic Final Hours
Remains aboard Titanic during the final evacuation and dies in the sinking.
Lifeboat Seven Escape
Survives Titanic in lifeboat 7, the first standard lifeboat lowered from the starboard side.
Lifeboat Eleven Escape
Escapes in lifeboat 11 while carrying her musical toy pig.
Death of Francis Millet
Dies in the Titanic disaster while travelling home from Europe.
Lifeboat Six Escape
Survives Titanic in lifeboat 6 after leaving the ship during the port-side evacuation.
Titanic Straus Couple
Chooses to remain with her husband Isidor rather than leave him aboard Titanic.
Titanic Lifeboat Refusal
Declines to take a lifeboat place while other passengers still await evacuation.
Death of Jacques Futrelle
Dies in the Titanic disaster after his wife May reaches a lifeboat.
Death of John Jacob Astor
Dies in the Titanic disaster after helping his pregnant wife reach a lifeboat.
Titanic Madeleine Astor Evacuation
Helps his pregnant wife Madeleine reach a lifeboat before remaining aboard Titanic.
Astor Request to Accompany Wife
Witnesses her husband's attempt to accompany her because of her condition being refused during the evacuation.
Boat Deck with John Jacob Astor
Reaches the evacuation area with John Jacob Astor while the ship continues to settle in the water.
Carpathia Medical Care
Receives shelter and assistance aboard Carpathia after the exposure and shock of the disaster.
Carpathia Rescue
Is rescued from lifeboat 4 and taken aboard Carpathia after Titanic has sunk.
Evacuation Preparation
Prepares to leave Titanic as officers begin loading women and children into the remaining lifeboats.
Husband Missing after Sinking
Reaches Carpathia without John Jacob Astor and waits for news of her missing husband.
Lifeboat Four Boarding
Boards lifeboat 4 during the final phase of Titanic's evacuation.
Lifeboat Four Lowering
Leaves Titanic in lifeboat 4 as the boat is lowered from the ship.
Night in Lifeboat Four
Waits in lifeboat 4 during the cold hours between Titanic's evacuation and Carpathia's arrival.
Separation from Husband
Separates from John Jacob Astor when she enters lifeboat 4 and he remains aboard Titanic.
Titanic Lifeboat Four Rescue
Escapes the sinking aboard lifeboat number 4 while her husband remains aboard Titanic.
Carpathia Approach
Rows with the occupants of lifeboat 6 as the boat approaches Carpathia.
Carpathia Boarding
Boards Carpathia after being rescued with the occupants of lifeboat 6.
Carpathia Survivor Assistance
Helps organise assistance for fellow survivors after being rescued by Carpathia.
Dispute with Robert Hichens
Challenges Quartermaster Robert Hichens during disagreements over rowing and whether the boat should return.
Evacuation Assistance
Helps other passengers during the evacuation before entering a lifeboat herself.
Immigrant Survivor Assistance
Uses her organisational skills and language ability to assist distressed survivors aboard Carpathia.
Lifeboat Morale
Encourages the occupants of lifeboat 6 during the cold wait for rescue.
Lifeboat Six Boarding
Boards lifeboat 6 during Titanic's evacuation from the port side.
Lifeboat Six Lowering
Leaves Titanic in lifeboat 6 under the command of Quartermaster Robert Hichens.
Lifeboat Six Rowing
Helps row lifeboat 6 as its occupants move away from the sinking Titanic.
Return Debate in Lifeboat Six
Argues that lifeboat 6 should return toward the wreck area to search for people in the water.
Survivor Relief Work
Begins helping fellow Titanic survivors soon after reaching Carpathia.
Titanic Lifeboat Six Passenger
Escapes Titanic aboard lifeboat number 6 and helps other survivors during the disaster.
Titanic Foundering Report Received
Receives the report that Titanic has foundered and that Carpathia is returning to New York with survivors.
Titanic Survivor Information Request
Sends a wireless request to Olympic seeking immediate information about Titanic's passengers and where survivors will be landed.
Collapsible B Survival
Survives the sinking by reaching overturned collapsible B after being swept into the sea.
Lifeboat Thirteen Escape
Survives in lifeboat 13 after boarding from A deck during the starboard evacuation.
Death of Archibald Butt
Dies in the Titanic disaster while returning to the United States from Europe.
Carpathia Return Voyage Account
Records observations of life aboard Carpathia while the rescue ship carries the survivors toward New York.
Relay Through Other Ships
Uses other ships as relays when direct communication with distant shore stations is difficult.
Survivor Lists Prepared for Radio
Receives survivor names gathered aboard Carpathia for transmission to anxious relatives and authorities.
Survivor Names Transmission
Transmits names of Titanic survivors from Carpathia as lists are assembled aboard the rescue ship.
Titanic Operator Assists
Shares the heavy post-rescue wireless workload with surviving Titanic operator Harold Bride.
Wireless Work with Harold Bride
Works with Titanic operator Harold Bride after the rescue to handle the exceptional volume of wireless traffic.
Survivors Carried West
Carries hundreds of Titanic survivors westward while Carpathia proceeds toward New York.
Survivor List Identification
Is identified among the first-class survivors carried by Carpathia after the sinking.
Survivor Voyage to New York
Travels aboard Carpathia toward New York with the other Titanic survivors.
Survivor Fundraising
Helps raise money aboard Carpathia for Titanic survivors who lost possessions in the sinking.
Titanic Survivors Committee
Helps organize a committee of survivors to provide practical assistance to people rescued from Titanic.
Carpathia Survivor Names Request
Uses Cunard agent Sumner's name in a wireless request asking Carpathia to send the names of Titanic survivors.
Cedric Return Request
Sends a wireless request from Carpathia asking that Cedric be held so Titanic crew can return to Britain.
Carpathia Wireless Continuity
Keeps Carpathia's wireless service operating during the voyage toward New York with Titanic's survivors aboard.
Wireless Traffic toward New York
Continues transmitting rescue information as Carpathia steams west with Titanic's survivors.
Carpathia Voyage Relief
Continues relief work among Titanic survivors while Carpathia proceeds toward New York.
Incomplete Survivor List Received
Receives incomplete survivor information while White Star's New York office seeks confirmed names from Carpathia.
Ismay Cedric Message Received
Receives Ismay's wireless request that Cedric be held so surviving Titanic crew can return to Britain quickly.
Senate Titanic Investigation Resolution
Leads the move for a Senate investigation immediately after news of Titanic's loss reaches the United States.
Titanic Inquiry Resolution Authorized
Leads the Senate effort after passage of the resolution authorizing an investigation into the Titanic disaster.
Titanic Sinking News Received
Learns of Titanic's loss while recovering from surgery at Witley Park in England.
Titanic Sympathy Statement
Issues a public expression of sympathy after learning of Titanic's loss and the deaths of passengers, crew and Harland and Wolff staff.
Carpathia Arrival in New York
Disembarks from Carpathia in New York after surviving Titanic in lifeboat 13.
Arrival Communications Completed
Completes the emergency voyage's wireless work as Carpathia reaches New York and the survivors prepare to land.
New York Approach Communications
Maintains wireless traffic as Carpathia approaches New York with survivors, officials and relatives awaiting news.
Carpathia Arrives New York
Brings Titanic survivors to New York aboard Carpathia.
New York Harbor Entry
Brings Carpathia into New York Harbor on the evening of 18 April with Titanic survivors aboard.
Pier 54 Docking
Docks Carpathia at Cunard's Pier 54 in New York and enables the rescued passengers to disembark.
Carpathia Arrival in New York
Arrives in New York aboard Carpathia after surviving Titanic in lifeboat 4.
New York Harbor Approach
Approaches New York aboard Carpathia as relatives, officials and reporters await the Titanic survivors.
Widowhood after Titanic
Returns from the disaster as the surviving widow of John Jacob Astor, who is lost in the sinking.
New York Harbor Relief Work
Continues assisting survivors as Carpathia approaches New York and arrangements are made for disembarkation.
Senate Wireless Evidence
Gives evidence about Marconi wireless operations and shipboard communications during the Titanic disaster.
Senate Officer Evidence
Gives evidence about Titanic's officers, navigation, lifeboats and evacuation on the inquiry's opening day.
Senate Inquiry Opening Testimony
Gives testimony on the opening day of the Senate inquiry about White Star management and Titanic's voyage.
Titanic United States Testimony
Gives evidence on the opening day of the United States Senate investigation into the disaster.
Senate Carpathia Wireless Evidence
Describes receiving Titanic's distress traffic and Carpathia's subsequent wireless work for the Senate inquiry.
Senate Rescue Evidence
Explains Carpathia's response to Titanic's distress call and the rescue of survivors to the Senate inquiry.
Titanic Senate Hearings Opened
Opens the Senate investigation at the Waldorf-Astoria Hotel and begins taking testimony about Titanic's loss.
United States Titanic Inquiry Opens
Leads the United States Senate inquiry into the Titanic disaster as hearings begin.
Senate Titanic Wireless Testimony
Describes Titanic's wireless distress work and the final communications sent before the ship sank.
Senate Lifeboat Testimony
Gives Senate evidence about Titanic's lifeboats, evacuation procedures and his experience after leaving the ship.
United States Senate Testimony
Gives evidence to the United States Senate inquiry about Titanic's officers, lifeboats and the evacuation.
Titanic Witness Subpoenas Announced
Announces subpoenas for surviving Titanic officers, wireless operators and crew members needed for further testimony.
Senate Navigation Testimony
Gives evidence about Titanic's position, distress signals, nearby lights and the evacuation of the ship.
Wreck Commissioner Requested
Requests appointment of a Wreck Commissioner to investigate the loss of Titanic.
Pravda
Works with Bolshevik press activity around Pravda.
Senate Company Communications Testimony
Gives evidence about White Star and International Mercantile Marine communications following the disaster.
United States Senate Company Evidence
Gives Senate evidence about company communications, survivor information and White Star's relationship with International Mercantile Marine.
Titanic Senate Hearings in Washington
Continues the Senate investigation after hearings move from New York to Washington.
Washington Titanic Hearings Opened
Resumes the Titanic investigation in Washington so the full subcommittee can participate in the hearings.
Titanic Senate Inquiry Service
Serves on the Senate investigation examining crew testimony and the circumstances of Titanic's loss.
Titanic Senate Inquiry Service
Participates in the Senate inquiry into the causes of the Titanic disaster and related safety issues.
Titanic Senate Inquiry Service
Serves on the Senate subcommittee reviewing evidence concerning Titanic's sinking.
Titanic Senate Inquiry Service
Serves on the Senate Commerce subcommittee and participates in the investigation of Titanic's loss.
Titanic Senate Inquiry Service
Serves on the Senate Commerce subcommittee examining testimony about the Titanic disaster.
Titanic Senate Inquiry Service
Participates in the Senate investigation and questions witnesses about Titanic and maritime safety.
Senate Passenger Testimony
Gives passenger evidence about Titanic's evacuation and his experience leaving the ship in a lifeboat.
Senate Lookout Testimony
Describes sighting the iceberg and reporting it to Titanic's bridge during the Senate investigation.
Senate Officer Recalled
Returns to the witness stand and provides additional evidence during the fourth day of the investigation.
Wreck Commissioner Appointment
Appoints Lord Mersey as Wreck Commissioner to investigate the loss of Titanic.
Disestablishment Legislation Introduced
Renews the Liberal programme for Welsh religious reform.
Welsh Church Bill
Introduces legislation to disestablish the Church in Wales.
Welsh Church Bill Introduced
Introduces legislation to disestablish the Church in Wales.
Appointed Titanic Wreck Commissioner
Is appointed Wreck Commissioner to conduct the British formal investigation into Titanic's loss.
Senate Fifth Officer Testimony
Gives evidence about lifeboat loading, his return toward the wreckage and the rescue of people from the water.
Senate Lookout Recalled
Returns for further questioning about visibility, lookout conditions and the iceberg sighting.
Senate Quartermaster Testimony
Gives evidence about steering Titanic, lifeboat 6 and events before and after the collision.
Senate Second Officer Recalled
Returns to the inquiry for additional questioning about Titanic's navigation and evacuation procedures.
Titanic Survivor Papers Entered
Requests that survivor lists and Herbert Pitman's memoranda be entered into the official Senate inquiry record.
Oceanic Steam Navigation Ownership Evidence
Explains to the Senate that the Oceanic Steam Navigation Company was the legal owner of Titanic.
Titanic Cost Evidence
States during Senate questioning that Titanic cost approximately one and a half million pounds.
Late Crew Testimony Session
Takes separate evening testimony from Albert Haines, Samuel Hemming and Frank Evans concerning Titanic's evacuation.
Titanic Steward Witness Session
Questions John Hardy, William Ward, James Widgery and Edward Buley in a separate evening session.
Titanic Seamen Witness Session
Examines Edward Wheelton, William Taylor, George Moore and Thomas Jones in a separate inquiry session.
Titanic Quartermaster Group Testimony
Takes group testimony from George Symons, George Hogg and Walter Perkis concerning Titanic's evacuation.
Titanic Crew Examination Session
Takes testimony from six Titanic crew members during a separate part of the Senate investigation.
Titanic Crew Witness Session
Takes separate testimony from George Rowe, Alfred Olliver and Frank Osman during the Senate investigation.
Senate Californian Wireless Testimony
Explains Californian's wireless traffic and communications with Titanic before the disaster.
Senate Californian Testimony
Gives evidence about Californian's position, ice conditions and the ship's actions during Titanic's distress.
Titanic Inquiry Assessors Nominated
Nominates five assessors to assist Lord Mersey during the formal investigation into Titanic's loss.
Senate Steward Testimony
Gives evidence about conditions aboard Titanic and the actions of crew members during the evacuation.
Senate Mount Temple Testimony
Gives evidence about Mount Temple's response to Titanic's distress calls and the surrounding ice conditions.
Crawford Recall Questioning
Questions steward Alfred Crawford about what he observed when the iceberg passed alongside Titanic.
Senate Ismay Recalled Testimony
Returns to the Senate inquiry for further questioning about Titanic, White Star practices and the evacuation.
Formal Titanic Investigation Ordered
The Board of Trade formally orders an investigation under the Merchant Shipping Act into Titanic's loss.
Senate Gracie Testimony
Provides detailed survivor evidence about the sinking, collapsible boats and conditions on Titanic's decks.
Senate Dickinson Bishop Testimony
Gives survivor evidence about Titanic's final hours and the evacuation during the Senate hearings.
Senate Helen Bishop Testimony
Describes the evacuation and praises the conduct of Titanic's crew during her Senate inquiry testimony.
Ismay Recalled Examination
Questions Joseph Bruce Ismay after the White Star chairman is recalled during the Senate hearings.
Titanic Loss Response
Responds publicly and corporately to the loss of Titanic as chairman of Harland and Wolff.
Rutherford Laboratory Research
Joins Ernest Rutherford's laboratory in Manchester, where research on radioactive phenomena and the nuclear atom strongly redirects his theoretical work.
Carpathia Captain Senate Testimony
Describes Carpathia's response and rescue work to the United States Senate inquiry.
United States Senate Evidence
Gives evidence to the United States Senate investigation about Carpathia's response and rescue of Titanic survivors.
Blue Ensign Entitlement
Carries the distinction associated with his Royal Naval Reserve status while commanding Titanic.
Royal Naval Reserve Status
Serves as an honorary commander of the Royal Naval Reserve while holding command of Titanic.
Board of Trade Investigation
Places maritime safety and lifeboat regulation under public examination.
Ulster Hall Speech
Addresses Unionist supporters against the Home Rule Bill.
Unionist Home Rule Opposition
Uses parliamentary and public advocacy to defend the Ulster position.
Titanic Senate Inquiry Evidence
Gives evidence to the Senate investigation about ownership, operations and communications involving Titanic and White Star Line.
May 191287 historical events
British Inquiry Fireman Evidence
Gives evidence about his engineering duties and lifeboat 13 during the British investigation.
British Inquiry Chairmanship
Chairs hearings examining navigation, construction and emergency procedures.
British Titanic Inquiry Opened
Opens the formal British investigation ordered by the Board of Trade into the loss of Titanic.
British Inquiry Assessor Service
Serves as one of Lord Mersey's maritime assessors during the formal British investigation into Titanic's loss.
British Titanic Inquiry Opens
Opens the formal British inquiry into Titanic's loss.
British Inquiry Lookout Evidence
Gives evidence about lookout duties and conditions aboard Titanic before the collision.
Bolshevik Party
Losif Vissarionovich Dzhugashvili took the name Stalin, meaning "man of steel"
Man of Steel
Losif Vissarionovich Dzhugashvili took the name Stalin, meaning "man of steel"
British Inquiry Engineering Evidence
Begins giving evidence about boiler-room flooding, watertight doors and his escape from Titanic.
British Inquiry Quartermaster Evidence
Gives evidence about the helm orders at the collision and his command of lifeboat 6.
Burial after Titanic Disaster
Is buried at Fairview Lawn Cemetery in Halifax after his body is recovered following the Titanic disaster.
British Inquiry Fireman Evidence
Gives evidence about engineering conditions and the conduct of emergency lifeboat 1.
British Inquiry Trimmer Evidence
Gives evidence about engineering work, the evacuation and his escape from Titanic.
Armament
Present for the King's inspection of the Fleet
Serbo-Bulgarian Military Convention
Negotiates operational cooperation between the Bulgarian and Serbian armies.
Balkan League
Expanded by a military contract
RFC
Creates the Royal Flying Corps
Serbo-Bulgarian Military Convention
Helps prepare Serbian military cooperation with Bulgaria.
Naval Aviation Organization
Brings naval aviation into a formal military organization.
Naval Wing of Royal Flying Corps
Supports creation of the Royal Flying Corps naval wing.
Number Two Squadron Command
Takes command of Number Two Squadron Royal Flying Corps.
Royal Flying Corps Squadron
Leads one of Britain's first organized military flying units.
Military Aviation Command
Organizes army aviation units, training and operational doctrine.
Royal Flying Corps Military Wing
Becomes commander of the Royal Flying Corps Military Wing.
British Inquiry Californian Evidence
Gives evidence about the rockets and conversations on Californian's bridge during Titanic's sinking.
British Inquiry Californian Evidence
Gives evidence about the rockets, Morse signalling and the nearby ship observed from Californian.
British Inquiry Californian Evidence
Gives evidence about Californian's position, the nearby vessel and the rockets observed during Titanic's sinking.
British Inquiry Californian Evidence
Gives evidence about the ship seen from Californian before the rockets are observed.
British Inquiry Log Evidence
Gives evidence about Californian's log practices and the bridge observations made on the night Titanic sank.
Titanic Identity Opinion
States during the British inquiry that he later believed the passenger steamer he observed was Titanic.
British Inquiry Wireless Evidence
Gives evidence about Californian's wireless communications and the ice warning sent to Titanic.
Conspiracy Trial
Is convicted after the WSPU window-smashing campaign.
Suffrage Imprisonment
Receives imprisonment for conspiracy connected with militant suffrage action.
Conspiracy Trial
Is convicted with WSPU leaders over militant protest organization.
WSPU Imprisonment
Serves imprisonment for conspiracy connected with property damage.
British Inquiry Steward Evidence
Gives evidence about the evacuation and instructions received during Titanic's final hours.
British Inquiry Steward Evidence
Gives evidence about guiding third-class passengers and the loading of lifeboat 15.
Saved from the Titanic Released
Appears in the film Saved from the Titanic only weeks after surviving the disaster.
British Inquiry Seaman Evidence
Gives evidence about emergency lifeboat 1 and events seen from the boat after Titanic sank.
Equal Secondary Study Programmes
Approves equal secondary study programmes for male and female students.
British Inquiry Fireman Evidence
Gives evidence about the evacuation and his escape in emergency lifeboat 1.
Lightoller Titanic Inquiry Evidence
Begins evidence to the British inquiry about navigation, ice warnings, the collision and lifeboat loading.
British Inquiry Passenger Evidence
Gives evidence to the British inquiry about her experience aboard emergency lifeboat 1.
Armament
The new Naval Law is passed by the Reichstag in order to expand the German navy
Lowe Titanic Inquiry Evidence
Gives evidence to the British inquiry about lifeboats, ice information and his actions during the evacuation.
Boxhall Titanic Inquiry Evidence
Gives evidence to the British inquiry about bridge activity, distress signals and lifeboat operations.
British Inquiry Evidence
Describes his officer duties, command of lifeboat 5 and the debate over returning toward people in the water.
British Inquiry Lamp Trimmer Evidence
Gives evidence about deck activity, shipboard lights and the evacuation.
Fleet Titanic Inquiry Evidence
Gives evidence to the British inquiry about the lookout watch, iceberg sighting and absence of binoculars.
British Inquiry Carpathia Evidence
Gives evidence about receiving Titanic's distress call and Carpathia's wireless work during the rescue.
Olympic Fireroom Inquiry Testimony
Describes flooding in Titanic's boiler spaces during testimony taken aboard Olympic in New York Harbor.
Olympic Wireless Log Evidence
Gives evidence aboard Olympic and submits wireless records concerning Titanic's distress traffic.
Olympic Senate Examination
Gives evidence aboard Olympic about the ship's wireless contact with Titanic and efforts to steam toward the disaster.
Olympic Inquiry Examination
Boards Olympic in New York Harbor and questions officers and crew about Titanic-related wireless and engineering evidence.
International Sea Traffic Safety Agreement Recommendation
Supports international agreement on safer ocean traffic, including ship safety requirements and routing in waters threatened by ice.
Lifeboat Reform Recommendation
Supports the report's recommendation that passenger ships carry lifeboat capacity sufficient for everyone aboard.
Passenger Drill Recommendation
Supports recommendations for improved lifeboat assignments, crew training and passenger emergency drills before departure.
Titanic Senate Report Presented
Presents the subcommittee's final report on the causes and safety lessons of the Titanic disaster.
Titanic Senate Report
Presents the Senate inquiry's findings and safety recommendations after weeks of hearings.
United States Lifeboat Capacity Recommendation
Supports Senate recommendations requiring lifeboat capacity adequate for the people carried on ocean-going passenger ships.
United States Lifeboat Crew Training Recommendation
Supports proper assignment and training of crew members so lifeboats can be loaded, lowered and handled efficiently in emergencies.
United States Passenger Drill Recommendation
Supports passenger lifeboat assignments and emergency drills before departure so people know where to go during an abandonment.
United States Radiotelegraph Regulation Recommendation
Supports stronger regulation of shipboard radiotelegraphy after the inquiry exposes weaknesses in emergency wireless communications.
Wireless Regulation Recommendation
Supports stronger regulation of shipboard radiotelegraphy after the inquiry examines failures in emergency communications.
Titanic Final Report Participation
Participates as a member of the subcommittee when the Senate investigation issues its final report.
Titanic Senate Debate
Speaks in the Senate when the Titanic investigation report and maritime safety issues are debated.
Balkan League
This agreement is later followed by a similar one between Bulgaria and Montenegro, thus forming a network of alliances in the Balkans, aimed at Turkey.
Greco-Bulgarian Treaty
Greece, not wishing to be left out of a possible alliance against the Ottoman Empire and the corresponding partition of territory, begins negotiations with Bulgaria on a defensive alliance resulting in the Greco-Bulgarian Treaty
Greco-Bulgarian Treaty
Concludes a defensive treaty with Greece.
Balkan League
Greece, not wishing to be left out of a possible alliance against the Ottoman Empire and the corresponding partition of territory, begins negotiations with Bulgaria on a defensive alliance resulting in the Greco-Bulgarian Treaty
Balkan League
Signing of the Greco-Bulgarian Treaty
Greco-Bulgarian Treaty
Greece, not wishing to be left out of a possible alliance against the Ottoman Empire and the corresponding partition of territory, begins negotiations with Bulgaria on a defensive alliance resulting in the Greco-Bulgarian Treaty
Greco-Bulgarian Treaty
Joins Bulgaria in a treaty against Ottoman power.
Rostron Loving Cup Presentation
Joins the survivors' committee in honoring Captain Rostron with a silver loving cup after the rescue.
British Inquiry Chief Baker Evidence
Gives evidence about provisioning lifeboats, Titanic's final plunge and his survival.
British Inquiry Lookout Evidence
Gives evidence about Titanic's lookout organisation and the watch preceding Fleet and Lee.
British Inquiry Lifeboat Evidence
Gives evidence about lookout duties and his command of emergency lifeboat 1.
British Inquiry Lookout Evidence
Gives evidence about the crow's-nest watch, visibility and the iceberg sighting.
British Inquiry Quartermaster Evidence
Gives evidence about lights seen from Titanic and signalling activity during the sinking.
British Inquiry Lifeboat Two Evidence
Describes the loading of emergency boat 2, its occupants and the decisions made after Titanic disappeared.
British Wreck Inquiry Evidence
Answers questions concerning speed, lifeboats and company policy.
British Inquiry Passenger Evidence
Gives evidence to the British inquiry about emergency lifeboat 1 and payments later made to its crew.
Titanic Lifeboat Inquiry
Examines lifeboat provision, launching and evacuation procedures during the British investigation.
Titanic Navigation Inquiry
Examines evidence concerning Titanic's navigation, speed, ice warnings and collision.
Titanic Wireless Inquiry
Reviews wireless messages, distress calls and communications evidence during the inquiry.
Capture of Rhodes
The Italians capture Rhodes
Capture of Dodecanese
Italy captures the Dodecanese Islands from Turkey
June 191237 historical events
British Inquiry Seaman Evidence
Gives evidence about Titanic's lifeboats and his experience during the sinking.
British Inquiry Seaman Evidence
Gives evidence about deck work, lifeboat operations and the final evacuation.
British Inquiry Steward Evidence
Gives evidence about passenger assistance, lifeboat loading and events after the collision.
Titanic Inquiry Testimony
Begins giving evidence before the British Wreck Commissioner's inquiry into Titanic's loss.
International Radiotelegraph Safety Conference Opens
Chairs the London radiotelegraph conference as maritime safety and emergency communications receive increased attention after Titanic.
White Star Commander Authority Evidence
Explains White Star management arrangements and the authority exercised by commanders during the British inquiry.
Able Seamen Manning Evidence
Discusses the number of able seamen required to man and launch lifeboats during an emergency.
Boat Station Policy Evidence
Explains the purpose of assigned boat stations and company arrangements for emergency boat duties.
Lifeboat Capacity Policy Evidence
Discusses White Star views on lifeboat accommodation and the practical problems of carrying additional boats.
Titanic Lifeboat Regulations Evidence
Gives evidence comparing Titanic's lifeboat provision with the requirements then imposed by the Board of Trade.
White Star Inquiry Evidence
Gives evidence about White Star Line management and company instructions following Ismay's testimony.
White Star Management Evidence
Appears before the British inquiry as a member of Ismay, Imrie and Company, managers of the White Star Line.
White Star Operating Rules Evidence
Gives evidence about company operating rules and instructions applied to White Star ships and commanders.
Cabinet Judicial Office
Assumes the government's senior legal and judicial office.
Lord Chancellor Appointment
Becomes Lord Chancellor after leaving the War Office.
British Inquiry Design Evidence
Gives evidence to the British inquiry about Titanic's design, lifeboat arrangements and shipbuilding practice.
British Inquiry Rescue Testimony
Gives British inquiry evidence about Carpathia's voyage, lifeboats and rescue of Titanic survivors.
Birth of Alan Mathison Turing
Birth of Alan Mathison Turing
Aldwych Theatre Production
Challenges conventional attitudes toward women, work and sexual independence.
Hindle Wakes Premiere
Hindle Wakes opens at the Aldwych Theatre.
Second Winter South Polar Times
Cherry-Garrard presents another issue of the South Polar Times during the subdued second winter at Cape Evans.
Titanic Regulation Evidence
Gives extensive evidence about Board of Trade marine administration, lifeboat rules and bulkhead regulation.
British Inquiry Structural Evidence
Explains Titanic's structure, flooding calculations and damage assumptions to the British inquiry.
Damage Extent Reconstruction
Uses technical calculations to explain how flooding across multiple compartments caused Titanic to founder.
White Star Technical Evidence
Gives evidence about White Star Line operating practice, equipment and Titanic's preparation for service.
Inexpressible Island Winter
Leads the Northern Party through winter in a snow cave.
Snow Cave Survival
The men survive largely on seals and penguins.
Passenger Certification Evidence
Gives evidence about emigration inspection and passenger certification requirements applying to Titanic.
Titanic Survey Evidence
Gives evidence about Board of Trade surveys conducted during Titanic's construction and certification.
Titanic Machinery Survey Evidence
Gives technical evidence concerning Board of Trade engineering surveys and Titanic's machinery arrangements.
Lifeboat Regulation Evidence
Gives evidence on Board of Trade ship-survey standards and the regulations governing lifesaving appliances.
Titanic Belfast Survey Evidence
Gives evidence about survey work carried out on Titanic at Belfast before she entered service.
Titanic Construction Inquiry
Hears technical evidence about Titanic's structure, watertight subdivision and damage.
Dock Workers Mobilization
Campaigns for improved wages and conditions across dock employment.
London Transport Strike
Helps organize workers during the London transport strike.
British Aircraft Manufacturer Founded
Begins producing aircraft for sporting and military use.
Sopwith Aviation Company
Establishes the Sopwith Aviation Company.
July 191247 historical events
President of United States of America
Nominated presidential candidate
Common Maritime Distress Wavelength
Oversees agreement on a common 600-metre wavelength, about 500 kilohertz, for maritime distress communications.
Distress Traffic Priority Rule
Oversees adoption of rules giving distress communications priority over ordinary radiotelegraph traffic.
Ordinary Wireless Traffic Suspension
Oversees regulations requiring stations hearing a distress signal to suspend ordinary traffic until emergency communications are complete.
Scheduled Distress Listening Periods
Oversees rules requiring regular three-minute silent listening periods so operators can detect weak distress calls.
Congressional Gold Medal Recognition
Receives congressional recognition for leading Carpathia's prompt rescue response to the Titanic disaster.
King Edward VII Bridge Opened
Completes the King Edward VII railway bridge across the Tyne.
Newcastle Railway Bridge
Creates a major rail connection into Newcastle Central Station.
Health Insurance Begins
Brings national health insurance contributions into operation.
National Insurance Implementation
Extends contributory medical and sickness benefits to insured workers.
Kristjan Jonsson Ministry
The Kristjan Jonsson Ministry ends, concluding this period as Minister for Iceland.
Second Hannes Hafstein Ministry
Begins the Second Hannes Hafstein Ministry and serves as Minister for Iceland.
Arrest of Jacob Furstenberg
Defends Lenin & Zinoviev in Austria, they are released as "an enemy of tsarism"
Bolshevik Party
Defends Lenin & Zinoviev in Austria, they are released as "enemies of tsarism". Defends Lenin & Zinoviev in Austria, they are released as "an enemy of tsarism"
Trial
Defends Lenin & Zinoviev in Austria, they are released as "enemies of tsarism"
Arrest of Grigory Yevseyevich Zinoviev
Arrested by the Austrian police as a spy & enemy alien
Bolshevik Party
Arrested by the Austrian police as a spy & enemy alien
Arrest of Vladimir Ilyich Ulyanov Lenin
Arrested by the Austrian police as a spy & enemy alien
Bolshevik Party
Arrested by the Austrian police as a spy & enemy alien
Blenheim Palace Speech
Promises Conservative support for Ulster opposition to Home Rule.
Ulster Resistance Support
Intensifies Unionist resistance to the government's Irish legislation.
Continuous Lifeboat Fender Requirement
Recommends fitting lifeboats with continuous protective fenders to reduce damage while boats are lowered in a seaway.
Continuous Wireless Watch
Recommends wireless installations staffed by enough trained operators to maintain continuous service by day and night.
Crew Service Continuity Review
Recommends reviewing merchant-shipping law to encourage greater continuity of service among trained seafarers.
Double Skin and Longitudinal Bulkhead Review
Recommends investigation of double skins and longitudinal watertight bulkheads to improve passenger-ship resistance to flooding.
Duty to Assist Distressed Ships
Recommends reminding masters that they are legally required to assist vessels in distress whenever it is possible to do so.
Early Ship Design Safety Review
Recommends that authorities obtain designs and specifications early enough to require safety improvements before construction is completed.
Emergency Passenger Control System
Recommends an organized emergency-control system to secure obedience to orders and guide passengers during casualties.
Greater Subdivision Survival Standard
Recommends stronger watertight subdivision so a ship can remain afloat despite flooding over a greater proportion of its length.
International Maritime Safety Conference
Recommends an international conference to establish common standards for subdivision, lifesaving appliances, wireless, ice navigation and searchlights.
Lifeboat Capacity Based on Persons
Recommends calculating lifeboat and raft capacity from the number of people carried rather than from a ship's tonnage.
Lifeboat Emergency Equipment Readiness
Recommends that lifeboat equipment be aboard before departure and that boats carry lights, compasses, provisions and capacity markings.
Lifeboat Places for Everyone
Recommends sufficient lifeboat accommodation for everyone aboard passenger ships wherever such provision is practicable.
Lifeboats Independent of Subdivision
Recommends treating lifeboat accommodation independently from the protection provided by watertight subdivision.
Lookout Eyesight Testing
Recommends regular eyesight testing for every crew member assigned to lookout duties on passenger ships.
Mechanically Propelled Rescue Boat
Recommends giving authorities power to require one or more ship's boats to have mechanical propulsion.
Merchant Service Boat Training
Recommends encouraging systematic training for boys entering the Merchant Service so more seafarers are competent in boat work.
New Ship Safety Enforcement Powers
Recommends statutory powers allowing approved structural safety standards to be enforced on newly built passenger ships.
Passenger Ship Safety Supervision Extension
Recommends extending stronger safety supervision and inspection beyond emigrant ships to all foreign-going passenger ships.
Pre Departure Boat Working Scheme
Recommends requiring every passenger ship to have an officer-communicated plan for efficiently working the lifeboats before departure.
Reduced Speed near Reported Ice
Recommends that ships reduce speed during darkness or alter course when ice is reported near their intended track.
Stronger Lifesaving Appliance Inspection
Recommends more searching official inspection of lifeboats and other life-saving appliances before passenger ships sail.
Trained Lifeboat Crew Requirement
Recommends training additional crew members in boat work whenever deck crews alone cannot adequately man all lifeboats.
Watertight Deck Protection Review
Recommends investigation of watertight decks and methods of sealing openings so flooding can be contained more effectively.
Weekly Emergency Drill Programme
Recommends boat, fire and watertight-door drills after departure and at least weekly during voyages, with drills recorded in the log.
British Titanic Report Issued
Issues the Wreck Commissioner's report finding that Titanic was lost after striking an iceberg at excessive speed.
Titanic British Inquiry Findings
Concludes the British formal investigation and delivers the Wreck Commissioner's report on Titanic's loss.
August 191215 historical events
President of Ecuador
Appointed acting President of Ecuador
Arrest of Grigory Yevseyevich Zinoviev
Released by the Austrians because he is an "enemy of tsarism"
Bolshevik Party
Released by the Austrians because he is an "enemy of tsarism"
Arrest of Vladimir Ilyich Ulyanov Lenin
Released by the Austrians because he is an "enemy of tsarism"
Bolshevik Party
Released by the Austrians because he is an "enemy of tsarism"
Cosmic Ray Balloon Flight
Measures increasing ionization at high altitude during a balloon flight.
Discovery of Cosmic Radiation
Concludes that penetrating radiation reaches Earth from outer space.
President of Paraguay
Takes office as a Liberal president after years of instability.
Lenin is released as an enemy of tsarism & escorted in a
Lenin is released as an "enemy of tsarism" & escorted in a train to Switzerland
Bolshevik Party
Leaves Vienna bound for Switzerland in an Austrian military mail train
Exile of Vladimir Ilyich Ulyanov Lenin
Leaves Vienna bound for Switzerland in an Austrian military mail train
Death of William Booth
Death of William Booth
Malta Dockyard Administrative Command
Carden assumes responsibility for dockyard administration, repair capacity and naval support facilities at Malta.
Malta Dockyard Appointment
Carden becomes Admiral Superintendent of Malta Dockyard in August 1912.
August Bloc Conference
Organizes a Vienna conference seeking to unite anti-Bolshevik and non-factional Social Democratic groups in the August Bloc.
September 191217 historical events
President of Ecuador
Appointed President of Ecuador, 2nd term
British Composer Dies
Leaves an influential body of choral, orchestral and chamber music.
Death of Samuel Coleridge-Taylor
Dies in Croydon at the age of thirty-seven.
Birth of Ian Kinloch MacGregor
Birth of Ian Kinloch MacGregor
First Radial Velocity of Andromeda
Measures the Doppler shift of M31 and finds a very large approach velocity, the first radial-velocity measurement made for a spiral nebula.
Solemn League and Covenant
Leads mass Unionist resistance to the proposed Dublin parliament.
Ulster Covenant
Signs the Ulster Covenant opposing Irish Home Rule.
Northern Party Return March Begins
Priestley leaves Inexpressible Island with the Northern Party for the long sledge journey back to Cape Evans.
Northern Party Return March Begins
Campbell leads the Northern Party away from its winter cave and south toward Cape Evans.
Northern Party March Begins
Campbell leads the weakened Northern Party away from Inexpressible Island on the long journey back toward Cape Evans.
Order of Teutons
Founder member of the Order of Teutons
Order of Teutons
A founder member of the Order of Teutons
Order of Teutons
A founder member of the Order of Teutons
Serbo-Montenegrin Cooperation
Agrees military cooperation with Serbia as the Balkan crisis intensifies.
Bolshevik Party
Leaves Vienna bound for Switzerland in an Austrian military mail train
Exile of Grigory Yevseyevich Zinoviev
Leaves Vienna bound for Switzerland in an Austrian military mail train
Serbo-Montenegrin Cooperation
Coordinates Serbian policy with Montenegro before war with the Ottoman Empire.
October 191264 historical events
Ministerial Director
Becomes Staatsrat and Ministerialdirektor, serving as a senior official and deputy to the Bavarian Interior Minister.
ETH Zurich Professorship
Begins work as professor of theoretical physics at ETH Zurich.
Balkan League
The first state to declare war is Montenegro, starting the First Balkan War. After issuing an ultimatum to the Porte on October 13, Bulgaria declares war on Turkey on October 17
Declaration of War
After issuing an ultimatum to the Porte on October 13, Bulgaria declares war on Turkey on October 17
Balkan League
The first state to declare war is Montenegro, starting the First Balkan War
Montenegro Declares War
Declares war on the Ottoman Empire, opening the First Balkan War.
Declaration of War
Declares war on the Ottoman Empire.
Balkan League
The first state to declare war is Montenegro, starting the First Balkan War
Montenegro Declares War
Prepares Serbia to join Montenegro and the other Balkan allies.
Declaration of War
Montenegro declares war on Turkey
Declaration of War
Faces Montenegro's declaration of war.
Search Party
Leads the search for Scott's missing polar party.
Rule of Dodecanese
In the Treaty of Ouchy Turkey cedes the Dodecanese to Italy
Rule of Rhodes
In the Treaty of Ouchy Turkey cedes Rhodes to Italy
Treaty of Ouchy
A thtreat of war in the Balkans causes Turkey to conclude a peace
Treaty of Ouchy
Turkey recognizes Italy's conquests in the Treaty of Ouchy
Balkan League
After issuing an ultimatum to the Porte on October 13, Greece declares war on Turkey on October 17
Declaration of War
After issuing an ultimatum to the Porte on October 13, Greece declares war on Turkey on October 17
Declaration of War
Bulgaria, Greece and Serbia declare war on Turkey
Serbia Declares War
Leads the Serbian government as it declares war on the Ottoman Empire.
Serbia Declares War
Faces declarations of war from Serbia and its Balkan allies.
Declaration of War
Following an ultimatum to the Ottomans, the remaining members of the Balkan alliance enter the conflict
Thrace Offensive
Leads Bulgarian armies into Eastern Thrace.
First Army Advance
Commands Bulgaria's First Army in Thrace.
First Army Advance
Leads the Serbian First Army south toward Kumanovo.
First Army Advance
Concentrates the Ottoman Vardar Army to oppose the Serbian advance.
Capture of Lemnos
Occupies Lemnos as a base near the Dardanelles.
Battle of Sarantaporo
Breaks through Ottoman defences in Thessaly.
Capture of Pristina
Leads the Serbian Third Army into Pristina.
Battle of Sarantaporo
Retreats after Greek victory at Sarantaporo.
Capture of Pristina
Withdraws Ottoman formations as Serbian forces enter Kosovo.
Battle of Elasson
Defeats the Turks in the Vardarrr Valley
Battle of Kumanovo Begins
Commands the Serbian First Army during the opening battle at Kumanovo.
Battle of Kumanovo Begins
Launches Ottoman attacks against the Serbian army near Kumanovo.
Battle of Kumanovo
Defeats a Turkish covering force
Battle of Kumanovo
Commands Serbia's First Army at Kumanovo.
Battle of Kumanovo
Defeats Ottoman forces in Macedonia.
Battle of Kumanovo
Directs Serbian operations that defeat the Ottoman Vardar Army.
Battle of Kumanovo
Orders withdrawal after the Ottoman defeat at Kumanovo.
Battle of Kirk Kilisse
Is defeated by Bulgarian forces in Thrace.
Battle of Kumanovo
Commands Ottoman forces defeated by Serbia.
Battle of Kirk Kilissa
Defeated by the 2nd and 3rd Bulgarian Armies
Battle of Seliolu
Defeated by the 2nd and 3rd Bulgarian Armies
Invasion of Thessaloniki
After the liberation of Thessaloniki, the Greek army links up with the Serb army north and they turns west
Capture of Skopje
Serbian forces occupy Skopje after Kumanovo.
Capture of Skopje
Orders the Serbian advance into Skopje after victory at Kumanovo.
Capture of Skopje
Abandons Skopje as the Vardar Army retreats southward.
Invasion of Thessaloniki
Greece captures Thessaloniki
Rule of Thessaloniki
Greece captures Thessaloniki
Promotion to Lieutenant
Jodl is commissioned as a lieutenant in the Bavarian artillery.
Siege of Scutari
Montenegrin forces besiege Scutari.
Defence of Scutari
Organises Ottoman resistance at Scutari.
Siege of Adrianople
Begins operations against Adrianople.
Northern Party Food Cache Found
Priestley and his companions find a previously laid food cache, improving the party's prospects during the final stage of their return.
Battle of Lule Burgas
Helps win a major First Balkan War battle.
Battle of Lule Burgas
Forced by the Bulgarians to retreat behind the Chatalja Line to protect Constantinople
Battle of Lule Burgas
Retreats after defeat at Lule Burgas.
Casa Mila Completion
Certifies completion of Casa Mila, also known as La Pedrera, his final major civil building.
Balkan League
The First Balkan War breaks out following an impossible ultimatum given to the Porte
Olympic Safety Refit Programme
Oversees Harland and Wolff as Olympic returns to Belfast for extensive safety modifications following the Titanic disaster.
Polar Party Search Begins
Atkinson leads the spring search south to determine the fate of Scott and the missing Polar Party.
Northern Party Recovery
Browning's condition improves after the returning party reaches cached food that provides a welcome change from its winter diet.
Invasion of Ottoman Territory
Members of the Balkan League attack Turkey and win quick victories
Invasion of Shkodra
Montenegro invades Shkodra, with secondary operations in the Novi Pazar area
November 191254 historical events
Battle of Prilep
Helps direct Serbian attacks against Ottoman positions near Prilep.
Battle of Prilep
Attempts to delay the Serbian advance toward Bitola.
Battle of Yenidje
Overwhelms the Turks and moves on to Salonika
Battle of Monastir
The remaining forces retreat to Ioannina. About 20,000 Turks are killed or captured
Northern Party Reaches Cape Evans
Priestley reaches Cape Evans with the Northern Party after the difficult coastal return journey.
Northern Party Reaches Cape Evans
Campbell brings the complete Northern Party safely back to Cape Evans after its unexpected second winter.
Northern Party Reaches Cape Evans
Campbell brings all six members of the Northern Party safely to Cape Evans after their second Antarctic winter and overland return.
Northern Party Return
Northern Party reaches Cape Evans after surviving winter.
Capture of Salonika
Accepts the surrender of Salonika.
Surrender of Salonika
Surrenders Salonika to the Greek army.
Capture of Salonika
The Turkish garrison of 20,000 surrenders and Constantine occupies the city
Serbian Advance to the Adriatic
Supports the campaign intended to secure Serbian access to the Adriatic.
Serbian Advance to the Adriatic
Leads Serbian troops westward from Kosovo toward the Adriatic coast.
Rule of Samos
Representitives in the Church of St Spyridon vote that Samos unite with Greece
Polar Party Tent Located
Wright is among the searchers who locate the final camp containing Scott, Wilson and Bowers on the Ross Ice Shelf.
Death of Robert Falcon Scott
Their final camp became their tomb; a high cairn of snow was erected over it, topped by a roughly fashioned cross. The bodies of Scott and his companions were discovered by a search party on 12 November 1912 and their records retrieved
Polar Party Search Discovery
The bodies of Scott and his companions were discovered by a search party on 12 November 1912 and their records retrieved.
Bodies of Scott Wilson and Bowers Found
The searchers recover records and build a snow cairn over the tent.
Polar Party Search
Joins the search party that finds the polar party's final tent.
Polar Tent Discovery
Hooper is among the search party that discovers the tent containing Scott, Wilson and Bowers.
Polar Tent Discovery
Atkinson's search party finds the final camp containing Scott, Wilson and Bowers and recovers their records.
Search Party
Joins the search party that finds Scott's last camp.
Polar Party Records Recovered
Atkinson's search party recovers diaries, letters and expedition records from the tent before building a cairn over the dead.
Search Cairn
Uses skis from the search party to mark the burial cairn.
Polar Party Found
Searchers find the tent containing Scott, Wilson and Bowers.
Search Party
Helps find the final camp of Scott's party.
Polar Party Cairn Cross
Gran's ski is used in the cross erected above the snow cairn covering the final camp of Scott, Wilson and Bowers.
Search for Lawrence Oates
Keohane participates in the search for Oates, whose body is not found, while the party identifies evidence near his final route.
Duma
The 4th & last Duma opens
Alliance Nicholas II and Austria
Austria denounces Serbian gains in the Balkans; Russia and France backed Serbia while Italy and Germany back Austria
Austria denounces Serbian gains in the Balkans
Austria denounces Serbian gains in the Balkans; Russia and France backed Serbia while Italy and Germany back Austria
Duma
The 4th & last Duma opens, 1912-1917
Battle of Monastir Begins
Commits the Serbian First Army against Ottoman defenses around Monastir.
Battle of Monastir Begins
Defends the final major Ottoman position in Macedonia.
Chatalja Line
Bulgarian forces fail to break the Chatalja line.
Chatalja Line
Defends the line protecting Constantinople.
Battle of Monastir
Wins the final Serbian victory in Macedonia.
Battle of Monastir
Directs operations leading to the defeat of Ottoman forces at Monastir.
Siege of Constantinople
The Bulgarian forces are driven back from Constantinople
Battle of Monastir
Loses Monastir after sustained Serbian attacks.
Battle of Monastir
The Ottoman Vardar Army is defeated near Monastir.
Alliance Austria and Serbia and Russia and France
Austria denounces Serbian gains in the Balkans; Russia and France backed Serbia while Italy and Germany backed Austria
Resignation of George Lansbury
Resigns from the Labour Party
Election
Loses the Bow by-election when standing as an independent womens suffrage supporter
Suffrage
Loses the Bow by-election when standing as an independent womens suffrage supporter
Serbian Arrival at Durres
Presses Serbia's claim for an Adriatic outlet during the campaign.
Serbian Arrival at Durres
Reaches the Adriatic coast with Serbian forces.
Polar Search Party Sledging
Hooper hauls with the search party sent south from Cape Evans to investigate the disappearance of the Polar Party.
Polar Party Search Expedition
Atkinson leads the search party south from Cape Evans to determine the fate of Scott's polar party.
Polar Search Party
Crean joins the search that discovers the fate of Scott and companions, months after he last saw the southbound party alive.
Polar Search Support
Girev supports the search expedition that finds the Polar Party's final camp and recovers its written records.
Fourth Duma
Leads the Bolshevik Duma group while secretly serving police interests.
Election
Roosevelt splits the Republicans by forming the Progressive Party. Elected President of the USA
Progressive Party
Roosevelt splits the Republicans by forming the Progressive Party
December 191233 historical events
Alliance Turkey, Serbia, Montenegro, Greece and Bulgaria
Turkey, Serbia, Montenegro, Greece and Bulgaria sign a weapons pact
First Balkan War Armistice
Accepts an armistice while negotiations begin in London.
Peace
Due to a stalemate on the Chatalja Line a truce is agreed
Peace
Adrianople remains in Turkish hands
Rule of Adrianople
Adrianople remains in Turkish hands
First Balkan War Armistice
Agrees an armistice with most Balkan League states.
Conference of London
The London Peace Conference, composed of delegates from the Balkan allies, including Greece, who had not signed the armistice, and Turkey, holds its 1st day
Peace
The armistice for the cessation of the First Balkan War is signed
Speech
Advocates, "South Africa First" & should use imperialism for its own sel-interest
Nobel Prize in Literature
Is awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature for varied and outstanding dramatic writing.
Death of Thomas Charles Scanlen
Death of Thomas Charles Scanlen
Battle of Elli
Defeats the Ottoman fleet off the Dardanelles.
London Peace Conference Opens
Supports Serbian territorial claims during the London negotiations.
London Peace Conference Opens
Represents Ottoman interests as peace negotiations begin.
Battle of Elli
The Ottoman fleet is driven back by Greece.
Battle of Elli
Following a ceasefire in December between the Ottoman Empire and Bulgaria, Serbia and Montenegro, the Turkish fleet twice exited the Dardanelles but was twice defeated in the battles of Elli and Lemnos
Battle of Lemnos
Following a ceasefire in December between the Ottoman Empire and Bulgaria, Serbia and Montenegro, the Turkish fleet twice exited the Dardanelles but was twice defeated in the battles of Elli and Lemnos
Ceasefire
Following a ceasefire in December between the Ottoman Empire and Bulgaria, Serbia and Montenegro, the Turkish fleet twice exited the Dardanelles but was twice defeated in the battles of Elli and Lemnos
Company Working Capital Exhausted
Reaches the end of the year with working capital effectively exhausted despite the major Persian oil discovery.
Ceasefire
Following a ceasefire in December between the Ottoman Empire and Bulgaria, Serbia and Montenegro, the Turkish fleet twice exited the Dardanelles but was twice defeated in the battles of Elli and Lemnos
Epirus Campaign
Turns Greek forces toward Ioannina after Salonika.
Rule of Aegean
Following a ceasefire in December between the Ottoman Empire and Bulgaria, Serbia and Montenegro, the Turkish fleet twice exited the Dardanelles but was twice defeated in the battles of Elli and Lemnos
Battle of Elli
Following a ceasefire in December between the Ottoman Empire and Bulgaria, Serbia and Montenegro, the Turkish fleet twice exited the Dardanelles but was twice defeated in the battles of Elli and Lemnos
Battle of Lemnos
Following a ceasefire in December between the Ottoman Empire and Bulgaria, Serbia and Montenegro, the Turkish fleet twice exited the Dardanelles but was twice defeated in the battles of Elli and Lemnos
Ceasefire
Following a ceasefire in December between the Ottoman Empire and Bulgaria, Serbia and Montenegro, the Turkish fleet twice exited the Dardanelles but was twice defeated in the battles of Elli and Lemnos
Cabinet Reconstruction
Reconstructs his cabinet after political conflict with Hertzog.
Government
Forms a new cabinet without Hertzog
Hertzog Excluded from Cabinet
Excludes Hertzog as divisions among Afrikaner politicians deepen.
Resignation of Louis Botha
Resigns after Hertzogs "South Africa First" speech
Battle of Elli
Following a ceasefire in December between the Ottoman Empire and Bulgaria, Serbia and Montenegro, the Turkish fleet twice exited the Dardanelles but is twice defeated in the battles of Elli and Lemnos
Ceasefire
Following a ceasefire in December between the Ottoman Empire and Bulgaria, Serbia and Montenegro, the Turkish fleet twice exited the Dardanelles but is twice defeated in the battles of Elli and Lemnos
Battle of Lemnos
Following a ceasefire in December between the Ottoman Empire and Bulgaria, Serbia and Montenegro, the Turkish fleet twice exited the Dardanelles but is twice defeated in the battles of Elli and Lemnos
Ceasefire
Following a ceasefire in December between the Ottoman Empire and Bulgaria, Serbia and Montenegro, the Turkish fleet twice exited the Dardanelles but is twice defeated in the battles of Elli and Lemnos
Independence of Albania
The Ottoman Empire breaks up & Ismail Bey proclaims the Independence of Albania
Death of Graf Alois Lexa von Aehrenthal
Death of Graf Alois Lexa von Aehrenthal
Foreign Secretary of Austria
Appointed Foreign Minister, at the age of 49, the youngest Foreign Minister in Europe
Independence of Austria
Gives support to Lenin in return for his support for Ukrainian nationalism
Independence of Ukraine
Gives support to Lenin in return for his support for Ukrainian nationalism
Upper Chamber
Appointed Member of Upper Chamber, life member
Emigration
Emigrates to Cambridge to study with Bertrand Russell
Anthroposophische Bund
Founds Der Anthroposophische Bund
Adiabatic Invariants
A concept derived from classical mechanics that on the one hand can serve to refine certain methods of Bohrs model of the atom (although initially Ehrenfest did not accept Bohrs ideas) and on the other hand makes a link between atomic mechanics & stats
Microchemical Analysis Method
Transforms laboratory chemistry by making accurate microanalysis practical.
Organic Microanalysis
Develops methods requiring only tiny quantities for organic elemental analysis.
Radioactivity Research
Investigates radioactivity and the statistical character of radioactive decay while working in Vienna.
Chief of General Staff
Appointed Chief-of General Staff, 2nd term
Invasion of Thrace
Takes three Bulgarian Armies into Thrace in the direction of Adrianople
Invasion of Ottoman Territory
Bulgaria attacks Eastern Thrace, stopped at the outskirts of Constantinople in the Chatalja line
Partition
An alliance is agreed between Bulgaria and Serbia to partition Macedonia
Cape Evans Gravity Measurements
Wright improves his gravity observations by setting a stable instrument base into permafrost beneath Ponting's former darkroom.
Electoral Registration Reform
Promulgates legislation introducing permanent electoral registers to reduce manipulation.
Abdication
Abdicates after the establishment of the Republic
Constitution of China
Abdicates after the establishment of the Republic
President of China
Appointed President of China
Abdication
Abdicates after the establishment of the Republic
Kuomingtang
Founds the Kuomingtang (Nationalist) Party
Kuomingtang
Founded with the policy of autonomy, democracy & guaranteed incomes. Foundation of the Kuomingtang
Manifesto
Founded with the policy of autonomy, democracy & guaranteed incomes
Party Leader
Appointed Party Leader of the Kuomingtang
Kuomingtang
Founds the Kuomingtang, the Nationalist Party. Appointed Party Leader of the Kuomingtang
Commander in Chief
Appointed Commander in Chief
Bohr Works With Rutherford In Manchester
Niels Bohr joined the laboratory and drew on its nuclear research while developing quantum atomic ideas. The development made new measurements available to physical science.
Quantum Analysis of Rutherford Atom
Begins applying quantum concepts to Rutherford's nuclear atom after recognising that a classical electron orbiting a nucleus would be unstable.
Foreign Secretary of France
Appointed Foreign Minister
Mayor
Appointed Mayor of Neuvic
Prime Minister of France
Appointed Prime Minister of France
Prime Minister of France
Appointed Prime Minister of France, 1st term
Professor at Lycee Stanislas
Maritain becomes professor of philosophy at the Lycee Stanislas and also teaches at the Institut Catholique.
Arte et Democratie
Publication of "Arte et Democratie"
Nobel Prize
Receives the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for work on vascular suturing and the transplantation of blood vessels and organs.
Colonel
Appointed Colonel
Major General
Appointed Major General
Death in Venice
Publication of "Death in Venice"
Discovery of Vahsel Bay
Discovers Vahsel Bay in the Weddell Sea, a possible portal into the Antarctic interior
Election
The main benificiaries are the Socialists who now have 110 Deputies
Berlin-Baghdad Railway
Negotiates treaties with Britain over an eventual partition of the Portuguese colonies and the Berlin-Baghdad railway
Diplomatic Negotiations
Negotiates treaties with Britain over an eventual partition of the Portuguese colonies and the Berlin-Baghdad railway
President of Germany
Appointed President of the Bavarian Constituent Assembly
Regency
Appointed Regent, 1912-1913
Regency
Appointed Regent & successor of Otto I
Election
Streseman loses his seat
Reichstag Seat Loss
Loses his Reichstag seat at the election.
Election
Elected Member of Reichstag
Socialist Party
Appointed Member of Socialist Party
Berlin Notebook Gravitational Lens Calculation
During work recorded in a 1912 notebook, Einstein calculated how a foreground mass could bend light from a background source and produce the geometry of a gravitational lens.
Double-Image Lens Geometry Derived
Einstein's notebook analysis showed that gravitational deflection could allow light from one distant source to reach an observer along two paths, producing two apparent images.
Lens Magnification Formula First Calculated
Einstein worked out a magnification relation for the gravitational-lens configuration, anticipating formulae he would publish when he returned to the subject decades later.
Discovery of X-Rays
Discovers interference of x-rays in crystals & is able to measure their wave lengths
General Relativity
Grossmann introduces Einstein to tensor calculus needed for a relativistic theory of gravitation
Heerverein
Founds an organisation to campaign for an increase in the army
Inspector
Appointed Inspector General of the Cavalry
Commander of East Asia Squadron
Appointed Commander of the East Asia Squadron
General
Appointed General
Mobilization
Appointed head of the Mobilization Section, becoming Moltkes closest adviser
Lieutenant
Appointed Lieutenant, 2nd after attending the Danzig War Academy
Schlieffen Plan
The right should be 8 times stronger than the left. The right should arc through Belgium to encircle Paris & the left hold Lorraine. Revises the Schlieffen Plan by invading France on 2 fronts & then invading Russia
Choral Hymns from the Rig Veda
Composes, "Choral Hymns from the Rig Veda"
On Hearing the First Cuckoo in Spring
Composes On Hearing the First Cuckoo in Spring.
Orchestral Piece Composed
Creates a short pastoral work for small orchestra.
School Orchestra Composition
Writes an accessible orchestral work for St Pauls Girls School.
St Pauls Suite
Begins composing the St Pauls Suite for school musicians.
The Lost World
Publication of "The Lost World"
Halcyone
Publication of "Halcyone"
Marriage
Publication of "Marriage"
Manalive
Publishes the novel Manalive.
Philosophical Comic
Explores wonder, convention and renewal through the eccentric Innocent Smith.
Saki Novel Published
Satirizes Edwardian society through the career of Comus Bassington.
The Unbearable Bassington
Publishes The Unbearable Bassington under the name Saki.
Bronte Critical Study
Examines the lives and literary achievements of the Bronte sisters.
The Three Brontes
Publishes The Three Brontes.
Comic Novel Published
Combines romantic comedy with intrigue involving a fictional European principality.
The Prince and Betty
Publishes the British edition of The Prince and Betty.
Inexpressible Island Geological Records
Priestley preserves geological notes and observations despite the Northern Party's cramped shelter, restricted diet and severe winter conditions.
Publication of The Loss of the SS Titanic
Publishes a detailed survivor account describing Titanic's voyage, sinking, rescue and lessons for maritime safety.
White Star Managing Director Role
Serves as managing director of the Oceanic Steam Navigation Company, the legal owner of Titanic.
Northern Party Food Supplement
Levick helps supplement reduced expedition rations with locally obtained seal and penguin meat during the unplanned winter.
Cape Evans Expedition Command
Atkinson assumes leadership at Cape Evans after Edward Evans is invalided home and Scott's Polar Party fails to return.
Northern Party Dysentery
Browning suffers prolonged dysentery during the second winter, leaving him dangerously weakened before the march back to base.
Northern Party Hand Injury
Abbott badly cuts his hand while butchering a seal, adding a serious injury to the Northern Party's winter difficulties.
Birth of John Enoch Powell
Birth of John Enoch Powell
Secretary of State for War
Appointed Secretary of State for War and the Colonies
Home Rule Opposition
Supports Unionist organization resisting an Irish parliament.
Ulster Unionist Campaign
Campaigns against the Third Home Rule Bill.
Governor
Appointed Governor General of the Gold Coast
Abadan Refinery Opens
Opens the Abadan refinery with an initial annual capacity of about 120,000 tons.
Abadan Refinery Test Failure
Faces serious technical problems when an early refinery test fails and product quality proves poor.
Royal Dutch Shell Marketing Agreement
Signs a ten-year marketing arrangement with Royal Dutch Shell because Anglo-Persian lacks a large distribution network.
Secretary of State for War
Appointed Secretary of State for War and the Colonies
Scandal
Purchases shares in Marconi after the Government agrees a contract with them
Estimates Comm
Founds the Estimates Committee to assist the Public Accounts Committee. Founds the Estimates Committee
Estimates Committee Founded
Founds the Estimates Committee to assist scrutiny of public expenditure.
Reform of Government
Founds the Estimates Committee
Lord Chancellor
Appointed Lord Chancellor
Education
Passes out from Dartmouth
Social Reform Essays
Examines public health, education, sexuality and social reform.
The Task of Social Hygiene
Publishes The Task of Social Hygiene.
The Problems of Philosophy
Publication of "The Problems of Philosophy"
South Wales Miners Federation
Joins the South Wales Miners Federation as a young miner.
Commons Party Coordination
Coordinates the party's parliamentary response to Liberal legislation.
Labour Parliamentary Leadership
Leads Labour members during major constitutional and industrial debates.
Party Treasurer
Appointed Treasurer
Excavation
Continues archaeological work at Carchemish before the First World War.
British Museum Fieldwork
Supervises recording of architecture, sculpture and inscriptions.
Carchemish Excavations
Directs continuing excavations at the ancient city of Carchemish.
First Heightening Completed
MacDonald oversees completion of the first major raising of the Aswan Low Dam.
Studies In Radioactivity
Publication of "Studies In Radioactivity"
Cloud Chamber Particle Tracks
Photographs tracks made by charged particles in a cloud chamber.
Ionizing Radiation Photography
Makes invisible ionizing radiation paths directly observable.
Braggs Law
Formulates the mathematical law governing X-ray diffraction by crystals.
X-Ray Crystal Diffraction
Connects diffraction angles with atomic plane spacing.
Crompton Leads Blackburn to First League Title
Crompton captains Rovers as they claim the First Division championship in 1911–12, establishing themselves among England's leading clubs.
Libel
Takes libel action against Blackwoods magazine over his over his time as a prisoner in the Boer War
Council of Army
Appointed Member of Army Council
Quartermaster General
Appointed Quartermaster General of the British Army
Brigadier General
Appointed Brigadier General
Marriage
Marries Olave St Claire Soames
What Scouts Can Do: More Yarns for Scouts
Publication of "What Scouts Can Do: More Yarns for Scouts"
What Scouts Can Do: More Yarns
Publication of "What Scouts Can Do: More Yarns for Scouts"
Rear Admiral
Appointed Rear Admiral 2nd Battle squadron
Chief of Imperial General Staff (CIGS)
Appointed Chief of the Imperial General Staff
Chief of Imperial General Staff
French becomes CIGS before commanding near Ypres.
Aldershot Command Appointment
Takes command of the army formation based at Aldershot.
British Army Field Training
Directs large-scale training before the First World War.
Naval Oil Fuel Advocacy
Fisher strongly advocates oil fuel for warships because of its operational, design and tactical advantages.
Oil Fuel Commission Chairmanship
Fisher becomes chairman of a royal commission examining oil fuel and naval engine questions.
Samos Revolutionary Government
Venizelos's government supports the incorporation process after revolt on Samos.
Battle of Kastoria
One of Constantine's flank detachments is defeated by the Turks
Battle of Monastir
One of Constantine's flank detachments is defeated by the Turks
Invasion of Macedonia
Greece lands forces in the Halkidiki peninsula while the main force of the army attacks from Thessaly into Macedonia through the Sarantaporo straight
Invasion of Macedonia
Leads a Greek Army into Macedonia to attack the Turks in the Vardarrr Valley
Rule of Aegean
Greek naval victories secure control of the Aegean.
Rule of Lemnos
The Greek Navy is free to liberate the islands of the Aegean, starting with Lemnos which was used as a base to monitor the Dardanelles
Rule of Samos
Themistoclis Sofoulis forms a temporary revolutionary Government in Samos
Guarantee Group Leadership
Leads Harland and Wolff's Guarantee Group aboard Titanic to monitor systems and correct defects.
Guarantee Group Technical Monitoring
Directs Harland and Wolff specialists who test equipment, monitor systems and address defects during Titanic's first voyages.
Cabin A36 Occupancy
Occupies first-class cabin A36 while travelling aboard Titanic as the shipbuilder responsible for monitoring the new liner.
Titanic Final Inspection
Inspects Titanic during the final fitting-out period before sea trials and delivery.
Lalcova daciaciaio
Publication of "Lalcova daciaciaio"
Congress of Socialist Party
The Congress accepts Mussolinis motion to expel 2 of its leaders, Bissolati & Bonomi. Attempts to unify the party & expel gradualists & supporters of the war against Libya
Congress of Socialist Party
The Congress accepts Mussolinis motion to expel 2 of its leaders, Bissolati & Bonomi
Congress of Socialist Party
The Congress accepts Mussolinis motion to expel 2 of its leaders, Bissolati & Bonomi
Editor
Appointed Assistant Editor of Avanti by Mussolini
Editor
Appointed editor of Avanti, the newspaper of the Socialist Party
Utopia Publication
Founds & owns his own Socialist publication, "Utopia"
Party Leader
Appointed Party Leader of the Socialist Party
Birth of John Paul I
Birth of John Paul I, an Italian (b. Canale dAgordo) named Albino Luciani
Battle of Derna
The Italians defeat the Turkish in Libya
Battle of Sidi Bilal
The Italians defeat the Turkish in Libya
Constitution of Japan
Appoints an executive Prime Minister & a 10 man cabinet
Head of State
Appointed Head of State
Prime Minister of Japan
Appointed Prime Minister of Japan, 3rd term
Ambassador
Appointed Ambassador of France
Succession
Succeeds as Emperor of Japan
Trades Unions
Founds Japans 1st Trades Union
Reballion of Pascual Orozco
Alvaro Obregon suppreses the rebellion led by Pascual Orozco
Reballion of Pascual Orozco
Alvaro Obregon suppreses the rebellion led by Pascual Orozco
Reballion of Pascual Orozco
Alvaro Obregon suppreses the rebellion led by Pascual Orozco
Exile of Mulai Abd al-Hafiz
Exiled to the Dar el Makzhen (Sultanate Palace) in Tangier
Minister of Navy
Appointed Minister of the Navy
Minister of Education
Appointed Minister of Education
Minister of Finance
Appointed Minister of Finance
Prime Minister of New Zealand
Appointed Prime Minister of New Zealand, first term
Reform of Land Ownership
Converts all crown leaseholds into freeholds
Secretary of State for Defence
Appointed Minister of Defence
Party Leader
Appointed Party Leader of the Reform Party
Discovery of Antarctica
Amundsen later pays tribute to Borchgrevink's pioneering work, saying that his ascent of the Barrier opened the way south
South Pole Expedition
Amundsen wrote about the expedition in The South Pole: An Account of the Norwegian Antarctic Expedition in the Fram
Death of Prus Boleslaw
Death of Prus Boleslaw
Deficiency Disease Theory
Proposes that specific nutrient deficiencies cause diseases including beriberi.
Vitamin Concept
Coins the term vitamine for essential dietary factors.
Recovery
Returns gradually to scientific work after illness and controversy.
Minister of Finance
Appointed Minister of Finance
Pravda
Founds Pravda, journal of the Communist Party
Balkan League
Supports the Balkan League against Turkey
Rutchenkovo Mine Employment
Works as a metal fitter at the Rutchenkovo mine near Yuzovka.
Independence of Mongolia
After the fall of the Manchu dynasty, Mongol princes, supported by tsarist Russia, declare the independence of Mongolia from China
Independence of Russia
After the fall of the Manchu dynasty, Mongol princes, supported by tsarist Russia, declare the independence of Mongolia from China
Duma
The Duma opposes the Tsars war policy & becomes critical of the Royal regime
Independence of Mongolia
After the fall of the Manchu dynasty, Mongol princes, supported by tsarist Russia, declare the independence of Mongolia from China
Independence of Russia
After the fall of the Manchu dynasty, Mongol princes, supported by tsarist Russia, declare the independence of Mongolia from China
Political Reflections
Reflects on autocracy, reform and Russia's constitutional experiment.
Central Committee Election
Delegates at the Prague Conference elected Malinovsky to the Bolshevik Central Committee, giving him access to highly confidential party discussions while he remained an Okhrana informer.
Fourth Duma Election
Workers of Moscow Governorate elected Malinovsky to the Fourth State Duma, where he emerged as one of the most visible Bolshevik parliamentary representatives.
Meeting with Lenin
During a visit to Lenin in Krakow, Malinovsky discussed Bolshevik parliamentary tactics and received instructions concerning relations with the Menshevik deputies.
Prague Conference
Malinovsky attended the Prague Conference of the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party, where Lenin's supporters consolidated an independent Bolshevik organization.
Pravda Administration
Malinovsky participated in the business and organizational work surrounding Pravda, giving the police an additional channel of information about the Bolsheviks' legal newspaper network.
Vienna Central Committee Meeting
Malinovsky attended a Central Committee meeting in Vienna at the end of 1912, strengthening his position within the senior leadership of the Bolshevik organization.
Bolshevik Party
The final split between the Bolsheviks & Mensheviks. The Bolshevik Party formally separated from the Social Democratic Party
Bolshevik Party
Spends 2 yrs in Cracow
Exile of Vladimir Ilyich Ulyanov Lenin
Spends 2 yrs in Cracow
Menshevik Party
The final split between the Bolsheviks & Mensheviks
Bolshevik Party
Final split between the Bolsheviks & Mensheviks
Menshevik Party
The Menshevik Party formally splits from the Social Democratic Party. Final split between the Bolsheviks & Mensheviks
Balkan Wars Correspondent
Begins reporting from the Balkans for Kievskaya Mysl, covering the First and Second Balkan Wars as a correspondent.
Civil Rights Advocacy
Kerensky uses his new parliamentary position to champion civil rights and challenge official misconduct, strengthening his standing among reformers and socialist opposition deputies.
Fourth Duma Election
Kerensky is elected to the Fourth State Duma on the Trudovik ticket, beginning his formal parliamentary career as a moderate socialist and outspoken critic of autocratic government.
Lena Goldfields Commission
Kerensky serves on a Duma-backed investigation into the Lena Goldfields massacre, examining the shooting of striking miners and the conditions that produced the dispute.
Lena Goldfields Investigation
Kerensky questions witnesses and gathers evidence concerning the Lena Goldfields shootings, helping bring national attention to abuses against workers.
Lena Goldfields Report
Kerensky reports on the Lena investigation and uses the case to attack administrative abuses and defend the rights of workers before the Duma and the public.
Trudovik Parliamentary Group
Kerensky joins the Trudovik parliamentary group, representing the populist and moderate socialist opposition within the Fourth Duma.
Chief of Staff
Appointed Chief of Staff of the Caucasian military district
Invasion of Macedonia
Leads three Serbian Armies into Macedonia
Alliance Greece, Serbia, Bulgaria and Montenegro
Greece, Serbia, Bulgaria and Montenegro form a Balkan League
Invasion of Ottoman Territory
Serbia attacks south Skopje and Bitola
Invasion of Ottoman Territory
Members of the Balkan League attack Turkey and win quick victories
Partition
Serbia and Bulgaria agree to partition Macedonia, still part of the Turkish Empire
Rule of Macedonia
Serbia and Bulgaria agree to partition Macedonia
Rule of Vardar Macedonia
Serbia and Bulgaria sign treaties to split the land of Vardarrr Macedonia
Cabinet
Botha dissolves cabinet & excludes Hertzog because of his English-Dutch bilingualism
Two Stream
Advocates that Afrikaans & English culture should flow in parallel
Cabinet
Botha dissolves the cabinet
Defence Act
Oversees legislation creating the Union Defence Force.
Government
Forms a new cabinet without Hertzog. Excludes Hertzog because of his policy of English-Dutch bilingualism
Legislation
The Defence Act provides for a Union Defence Force
Reform of Armed Forces
The Defence Act provides for a Union Defence Force
UDF
The Defence Act provides for a Union Defence Force
Union Defence Force Established
Establishes a unified military structure for the Union.
Editor
Appointed Editor of Tsala ea Batho
Birth of Walter Max Ulyate Sisulu
Birth of Walter Max Ulyate Sisulu
ANC
Founds & leads the forerunner of the Africa National Congress
Defence Act Implementation
Creates a unified military structure for the Union.
Union Defence Force Organisation
Organizes implementation of the new Union Defence Force.
Nobel Prize
Receives the Nobel Prize in Physics for automatic regulators used with gas accumulators in lighthouses and buoys.
Invention of Control Valve
Invents the light controlled valve allowing lighthouses to operate automatically
Curved Spacetime Approach Takes Shape
Einstein's Zurich work moved toward describing gravity through non-Euclidean spacetime geometry, connecting gravitational phenomena with the mathematical curvature of the metric.
Metric Tensor Becomes Gravitational Variable
Einstein increasingly identified the spacetime metric as the quantity that should represent gravitation, replacing the idea of gravity as an ordinary force field on fixed space and time.
Ricci Calculus Adopted for Gravity
With Marcel Grossmann's mathematical guidance, Einstein began using Ricci and Levi-Civita tensor calculus as the formal machinery needed to describe a relativistic gravitational field.
Rotating Disk Reveals Non-Euclidean Geometry
Einstein used the thought experiment of a rotating disk to show that ordinary Euclidean geometry need not describe measurements made in accelerated systems, strengthening the geometric approach to gravity.
Scalar Gravity Model Tested in Zurich
Before settling on tensor field equations, Einstein explored restricted scalar descriptions of gravitation and tested whether they could preserve relativity while reproducing known gravitational effects.
Coup
Following Italy's victory in the Italo-Turkish War of 1911-1912 the Young Turks fall from power after a coup
Coup
Following Italy's victory in the Italo-Turkish War of 1911-1912 the Young Turks fell from power after a coup, the Balkan countries see this as an opportunity to attack and fulfill their desires of expansion
Declaration of War
Following Italy's victory in the Italo-Turkish War of 1911-1912 the Young Turks fell from power after a coup, the Balkan countries see this as an opportunity to attack and fulfill their desires of expansion
Invasion of Aegean Islands
The Greek navy captures the Aegean Islands
Invasion of Thrace
Bulgaria attacks Eastern Thrace, stopped only at the outskirts of Constantinople in the Chatalja line
Rule of Aegean Islands
The Greek navy captures the Aegean Islands
Siege of Constantinople
Bulgaria attacks Eastern Thrace, stopped only at the outskirts of Constantinople in the Chatalja line
Siege of Monastir
Serbia attacks south towards Skopje and Monastir
Siege of Skopje
Serbia attacks south towards Skopje and Monastir
Coup
Following Italy's victory in the Italo-Turkish War of 1911-1912 the Young Turks fall from power after a coup
Young Turks
Following Italy's victory in the Italo-Turkish War of 1911-1912 the Young Turks fall from power after a coup
Tarzan of the Apes
Publication of "Tarzan of the Apes"
Riders of the Purple Sage
Publication of "Riders of the Purple Sage"
Father of Blues
Composer, band leader, "father of the blues," William Christopher Handy publishes Memphis Blues, helps inaugurate new style based on rural black folk music
father of the blues
Composer, band leader, "father of the blues," William Christopher Handy publishes Memphis Blues, helps inaugurate new style based on rural black folk music
Titanic Survivor Account
Completes a detailed account of the sinking based on his own survival and interviews with other survivors.
Galaxy Redshift
Slipher measures a large redshift for the Andromeda nebula, beginning the observational path toward an expanding universe
Grossmann Tensor Collaboration
Collaborates closely with Marcel Grossmann, who guides him toward Ricci and Levi-Civita tensor calculus as the mathematical language for gravitation.
Static Gravitational Field Theory
Develops field equations for a restricted static gravitational problem while searching for a theory that can extend relativity beyond inertial reference frames.
Tensor Calculus Collaboration
Works with Marcel Grossmann to master tensor calculus for a relativistic theory of gravitation.
Turn to Non-Euclidean Geometry
Realises that gravitation may require non-Euclidean geometry, redirecting the search for a relativistic gravity theory toward curved spacetime mathematics.
Variable Light Speed in Gravity
Explores a formulation in which the coordinate speed of light varies with gravitational potential, an intermediate step toward a geometric theory of gravity.
Zurich Notebook Tensor Calculations
Fills the Zurich Notebook with tensor calculations while testing candidate gravitational field equations and learning the differential geometry needed for a covariant theory.
Zurich Notebook
Uses the Zurich Notebook to explore candidate gravitational field equations and differential geometry.
Regenerative Radio Receiver Principle Developed
Armstrong discovered the regenerative circuit while studying radio amplification at Columbia University. It helped establish the city as a centre of technical research.
Arrest of Boi Chou Phan
Imprisoned for an assassination attempt on Albert Saurrat
Viet Nam Quang
Founds a new nationalist group the Viet Nam Quang Phuc Hoi
Begins Writing for The Freewoman
West became associated with feminist journalism and wrote for The Freewoman.
Alexanders Bridge
Cather published Alexander's Bridge, her first novel.
Biographical Research on Victorian Figures
Strachey investigated Victorian public figures through their correspondence and biographies.
Law Opposes Irish Home Rule
Bonar Law makes opposition to the proposed third Home Rule Bill a central Conservative political cause.
Balkan League Presses Ottoman Demands
Tsar Ferdinand joins other Balkan rulers in escalating demands for reforms in Ottoman European territories before the First Balkan War.
Bulgarian Mobilization Orders Issued
Ferdinand orders the mobilization that prepares Bulgaria for a campaign against Ottoman forces in Thrace.
War With Ottoman Empire Begins
Bulgaria enters the First Balkan War as its armies prepare to advance into Ottoman Thrace.
Bulgarian Offensive Targets Eastern Thrace
Ferdinand supports the strategic thrust toward Adrianople and Constantinople while Serbian and Greek allies operate elsewhere.
Bulgarian Command Plans Thracian Advance
Mihail Savov helps direct Bulgarian military preparations for the main offensive across the Ottoman frontier.
Bulgarian Armies Cross Frontier
Bulgarian troops advance into Ottoman Thrace during the opening campaign of the First Balkan War.
Adrianople Siege Begins
Bulgarian forces invest Adrianople and begin the siege that will dominate operations in eastern Thrace.
Thracian Supply Lines Become Critical
Savov and Bulgarian commanders must sustain armies and artillery over extended routes through contested Thrace.
Battle of Kirk Kilisse
Radko Dimitriev leads Bulgarian Third Army forces in the operations that help rout Ottoman positions near Kirk Kilisse.
Ottoman Retreat Follows Kirk Kilisse
Dimitriev pursues the advantage after Bulgarian victories compel Ottoman troops to withdraw toward the southeast.
Lule Burgas Fighting Intensifies
Dimitriev commands Bulgarian troops in the prolonged and bloody Lule Burgas campaign in Thrace.
Bulgarian Advance Reaches Chataldja
Bulgarian forces approach the fortified Chataldja line outside Constantinople after victories farther west.
Ottoman Command Responds To Invasion
Nazim Pasha faces the rapid Bulgarian advance as Ottoman forces attempt to defend eastern Thrace.
Ottoman Defenses Fail At Lule Burgas
Nazim Pasha's troops are defeated in the Lule Burgas campaign and withdraw toward Constantinople.
Second Army Encircles Adrianople
Nikola Ivanov commands Bulgarian Second Army during the investment of the Ottoman fortress of Adrianople.
Siege Batteries Pressure Adrianople
Ivanov's forces use increasingly concentrated artillery to wear down Ottoman fortifications around the city.
Adrianople Remains Under Siege
Bulgarian forces maintain the siege through difficult winter conditions while broader Balkan negotiations continue.
Ottoman Garrison Defends Adrianople
Mehmed Sukru Pasha organizes the Ottoman defense of Adrianople against Bulgarian siege forces.
Fortress Endures Winter Blockade
Sukru Pasha keeps Adrianople's garrison defending its fortifications despite isolation and supply shortages.
Montenegro Mobilizes Against Ottoman Empire
King Nikola mobilizes Montenegrin forces amid the growing Balkan League confrontation with the Ottoman Empire.
Montenegro Declares War On Ottomans
King Nikola's government declares war on the Ottoman Empire on 8 October 1912.
First Balkan War Begins In Montenegro
Montenegro becomes the first Balkan League state to begin open hostilities against Ottoman forces.
Nikola Announces National War Aims
The Montenegrin monarch presents the campaign as a struggle to gain territory and defend Balkan Christian populations.
Montenegrin Armies Attack Ottoman Positions
The opening operations carry Montenegrin troops toward Ottoman frontier positions.
King Nikola Oversees War Effort
Nikola directs political leadership as Montenegrin forces advance toward Scutari and other Ottoman positions.
Montenegro Seeks Balkan League Coordination
Nikola's government acts alongside Serbian, Bulgarian and Greek partners during the First Balkan War.
Vukotic Commands Eastern Montenegrin Troops
Janko Vukotic directs military operations in the eastern sector during the opening Balkan War.
Montenegrin Forces Advance Toward Sandzak
Vukotic's soldiers conduct operations against Ottoman holdings in the Sandzak region.
Northern Montenegrin Offensive Develops
Montenegrin troops attempt to secure routes and positions that link their campaign with allied Serbian forces.
Berane Region Changes Hands
Montenegrin advances bring the Berane district out of Ottoman control during the 1912 campaign.
Vukotic Coordinates With Serbian Forces
Janko Vukotic's formations cooperate with Serbian forces during operations against the Ottoman Empire.
Montenegrin Forces Advance On Scutari
Montenegrin troops move toward Scutari, a principal objective of their campaign against the Ottoman Empire.
Scutari Siege Begins
Montenegrin forces help encircle Scutari as resistance in the fortified city continues.
Montenegrin Assaults Meet Strong Resistance
Repeated attacks on Scutari's defenses produce heavy losses without an immediate breakthrough.
Artillery Used Against Scutari Defenses
Montenegrin troops employ siege guns and artillery fire to pressure Ottoman positions around the city.
Scutari Defenders Resist Montenegrin Attacks
Ottoman and Albanian forces defend Scutari against the Montenegrin siege during the First Balkan War.
Montenegrin Frontier Mobilization Ordered
Nikola orders military preparations along Ottoman borders amid the mounting Balkan crisis.
Border Skirmishes Precede War Declaration
Armed incidents along the Ottoman Montenegrin frontier accompany the approach to the First Balkan War.
Montenegrin Forces Cross Ottoman Border
Montenegrin soldiers initiate offensive operations against Ottoman positions during the opening of the Balkan War.
Sandzak Advance Opens New Positions
Janko Vukotic commands Montenegrin forces in operations across the northern Ottoman frontier.
Montenegrin And Serbian Lines Connect
Advances by allied forces change the frontier geography in the Sandzak campaign.
Balkan League Presses Ottoman Demands
Tsar Ferdinand joins other Balkan rulers in escalating demands for reforms in Ottoman European territories before the First Balkan War.
Bulgarian Mobilization Orders Issued
Ferdinand orders the mobilization that prepares Bulgaria for a campaign against Ottoman forces in Thrace.
War With Ottoman Empire Begins
Bulgaria enters the First Balkan War as its armies prepare to advance into Ottoman Thrace.
Bulgarian Offensive Targets Eastern Thrace
Ferdinand supports the strategic thrust toward Adrianople and Constantinople while Serbian and Greek allies operate elsewhere.
Bulgarian Command Plans Thracian Advance
Mihail Savov helps direct Bulgarian military preparations for the main offensive across the Ottoman frontier.
Bulgarian Armies Cross Frontier
Bulgarian troops advance into Ottoman Thrace during the opening campaign of the First Balkan War.
Adrianople Siege Begins
Bulgarian forces invest Adrianople and begin the siege that will dominate operations in eastern Thrace.
Thracian Supply Lines Become Critical
Savov and Bulgarian commanders must sustain armies and artillery over extended routes through contested Thrace.
Battle of Kirk Kilisse
Radko Dimitriev leads Bulgarian Third Army forces in the operations that help rout Ottoman positions near Kirk Kilisse.
Ottoman Retreat Follows Kirk Kilisse
Dimitriev pursues the advantage after Bulgarian victories compel Ottoman troops to withdraw toward the southeast.
Lule Burgas Fighting Intensifies
Dimitriev commands Bulgarian troops in the prolonged and bloody Lule Burgas campaign in Thrace.
Bulgarian Advance Reaches Chataldja
Bulgarian forces approach the fortified Chataldja line outside Constantinople after victories farther west.
Ottoman Command Responds To Invasion
Nazim Pasha faces the rapid Bulgarian advance as Ottoman forces attempt to defend eastern Thrace.
Ottoman Defenses Fail At Lule Burgas
Nazim Pasha's troops are defeated in the Lule Burgas campaign and withdraw toward Constantinople.
Second Army Encircles Adrianople
Nikola Ivanov commands Bulgarian Second Army during the investment of the Ottoman fortress of Adrianople.
Siege Batteries Pressure Adrianople
Ivanov's forces use increasingly concentrated artillery to wear down Ottoman fortifications around the city.
Adrianople Remains Under Siege
Bulgarian forces maintain the siege through difficult winter conditions while broader Balkan negotiations continue.
Ottoman Garrison Defends Adrianople
Mehmed Sukru Pasha organizes the Ottoman defense of Adrianople against Bulgarian siege forces.
Fortress Endures Winter Blockade
Sukru Pasha keeps Adrianople's garrison defending its fortifications despite isolation and supply shortages.
Montenegro Mobilizes Against Ottoman Empire
King Nikola mobilizes Montenegrin forces amid the growing Balkan League confrontation with the Ottoman Empire.
Montenegro Declares War On Ottomans
King Nikola's government declares war on the Ottoman Empire on 8 October 1912.
First Balkan War Begins In Montenegro
Montenegro becomes the first Balkan League state to begin open hostilities against Ottoman forces.
Nikola Announces National War Aims
The Montenegrin monarch presents the campaign as a struggle to gain territory and defend Balkan Christian populations.
Montenegrin Armies Attack Ottoman Positions
The opening operations carry Montenegrin troops toward Ottoman frontier positions.
King Nikola Oversees War Effort
Nikola directs political leadership as Montenegrin forces advance toward Scutari and other Ottoman positions.
Montenegro Seeks Balkan League Coordination
Nikola's government acts alongside Serbian, Bulgarian and Greek partners during the First Balkan War.
Vukotic Commands Eastern Montenegrin Troops
Janko Vukotic directs military operations in the eastern sector during the opening Balkan War.
Montenegrin Forces Advance Toward Sandzak
Vukotic's soldiers conduct operations against Ottoman holdings in the Sandzak region.
Northern Montenegrin Offensive Develops
Montenegrin troops attempt to secure routes and positions that link their campaign with allied Serbian forces.
Berane Region Changes Hands
Montenegrin advances bring the Berane district out of Ottoman control during the 1912 campaign.
Vukotic Coordinates With Serbian Forces
Janko Vukotic's formations cooperate with Serbian forces during operations against the Ottoman Empire.
Montenegrin Forces Advance On Scutari
Montenegrin troops move toward Scutari, a principal objective of their campaign against the Ottoman Empire.
Scutari Siege Begins
Montenegrin forces help encircle Scutari as resistance in the fortified city continues.
Montenegrin Assaults Meet Strong Resistance
Repeated attacks on Scutari's defenses produce heavy losses without an immediate breakthrough.
Artillery Used Against Scutari Defenses
Montenegrin troops employ siege guns and artillery fire to pressure Ottoman positions around the city.
Scutari Defenders Resist Montenegrin Attacks
Ottoman and Albanian forces defend Scutari against the Montenegrin siege during the First Balkan War.
Montenegrin Frontier Mobilization Ordered
Nikola orders military preparations along Ottoman borders amid the mounting Balkan crisis.
Border Skirmishes Precede War Declaration
Armed incidents along the Ottoman Montenegrin frontier accompany the approach to the First Balkan War.
Montenegrin Forces Cross Ottoman Border
Montenegrin soldiers initiate offensive operations against Ottoman positions during the opening of the Balkan War.
Sandzak Advance Opens New Positions
Janko Vukotic commands Montenegrin forces in operations across the northern Ottoman frontier.
Montenegrin And Serbian Lines Connect
Advances by allied forces change the frontier geography in the Sandzak campaign.