1919
1st Flight Australia
12 November-10 December, 1st completion of a flight from England to Australia
Calendar browse by year
Browse historical records dated to 1919. Records are rendered from the World History Database into this page's initial HTML.
12 November-10 December, 1st completion of a flight from England to Australia
Hitler speaks for the 1st time in public & raises 300 Marks for the party funds
After leading a Volkswehr battery in Augsburg, Jodl is accepted into the postwar Reichswehr.
Amanullah takes control in Kabul and defeats Nasrullah's claim to the throne.
The Housing Act subsidises local authority construction of homes for working families.
The amnesty is withdrawn in 1922. Announces an amnesty to all members of the Socialist Revolutionary Party
Red Guards attempt to arrest Hitler
Released by the French after the Armistice
Michael Collins organises de Valeras escape from Lincoln Gaol
Cathal Brugha is elected Priomh Aire (literally Prime Minister, translated as "President of Dail Eireann"), to be replaced by de Valera, when Collins helps him escape from Lincoln prison, in April, 1919
Munich is "liberated" by the White Army & Landauer is assassinated by Feikorps troops
Habibullah is assassinated while on a hunting trip, creating a succession crisis.
Murdered while under arrest
Assassinates the Prime Minister of the Bavarian Republic, Kurt Eisner
Triggers off revolution leading to 5 coups & 5 Governments in 70 days
Murdered while under arrest
Munich is "liberated" by the White Army & Eglhofer is assassinated by Feikorps troops
Founds the "hard core" Awareness Society due to "demonstration fatigue"
The municipal savings institution begins operating under its permanent Birmingham Municipal Bank name.
Groups within the PNF called Blackshirts built a base of power by violently attacking socialists and their institutions in the rural Po Valley thereby gaining the support of landowners
The Blockade of Germany by the Allies is lifted
Attends the Paris Peace Conference, urges a military expedition against the Bolsheviks
Defeated by the Bolsheviks under Budenny
Announces changes in running the Cheka
Drives out the Bolsheviks & leads the White counter-revolutionary forces
The Cheka closes down Vsegda Vpered, marks a return to despotic rule by Bolsheviks
Bolshevik forces, filling the vacuum left by the German withdrawal, take Kiev
Drafts "Theses" for the Central Committee advocating disciplined armies of workers
The Commission on Labour Obligation is created by Trotsky. The CLO begins the "militarization of labour". Persuades Lenin to create a Commission on Labor Obligation with Trotsky as President
Drives out the Bolsheviks & leads the White counter-revolutionary forces
The White Army is forced back to the Black Sea. The White armies capture Kiev advancing within 250 miles of Moscow. Kiev is later recaptured by the Red Army
Bolshevik forces, filling the vacuum left by the German withdrawal, take Kiev
The Czechs occupy the disputed area of Teschen on the Polish border
Becomes a non-voting member of the ruling Politburo when it is created after the VIII Congress
Scheidemann becomes Chancellor, in the Weimar Coalition with the German Democratic Party and the Catholic Center Party. Appointed Chancellor of Germany
Announces changes in running the Cheka
The Cheka closes down Vsegda Vpered, marks a return to despotic rule by Bolsheviks
Appointed Commander of the White counter-revolutionary forces
In the event of a serious threat to public safety or Reich security, the President can take measures - including the use of armed force - to restore law and order, and can suspend civil rights if necessary
The Commission on Labour Obligation is created by Trotsky. The CLO begins the "militarization of labour"
"by all available means, including armed force, for the overthrow of the international bourgeoisie and for the creation of an international Soviet republic as a transition stage to the complete abolition of the State"
The Comintern holds seven World Congresses, the first in March 1919 and the last in 1935, until it was officially dissolved in May 1943. The Comintern becomes known as the "General Staff of the World Revolution".
The central policy of the Comintern under Lenins leadership was that Communist parties should be established across the world to aid the international proletarian revolution. Founds an international Communist organisation in the midst of the "war communism" period (1918-1921).
Becomes the Chairman of the Executive Committee of the Comintern when it is created in March 1919
The first Chairman of the Cominterns Executive Committee is Grigory Zinoviev, from 1919 to 1926
Helps shape revolutionary propaganda for the Communist International
Becomes the leading chairman of the Communist International
Represents German communists at the founding congress of the Communist International
Links Hungarian revolutionary politics with the new Communist International
Takes part in building the Communist International's early organization
Participates in early Communist International deliberations
Sponsors the founding congress of the Communist International
Contributes to early Communist International doctrine
Appointed Commandant of the St Cyr Military Academy
Appointed Commander in Chief
Appointed Commander of the White Army in the Baltic
Appointed Commander of the White Army in the Baltic
Attends the Paris Peace Conference, urges a military expedition against the Bolsheviks
Demands complete independence for South Africa at Paris Conference
Heads the Polish delegation at the Paris Peace Conference
Declares Korean independence at the Paris Peace Conference
Becomes a non-voting member of the ruling Politburo when it is created after the VIII Congress
Drafts "Theses" for the Central Committee advocating disciplined armies of workers
Persuades Lenin to create a Commission on Labor Obligation with Trotsky as President
Elections are held for the National Constitutional Assembly
To avoid the ongoing fights in Berlin, the National Assembly convenes in the city of Weimar, giving the future Republic its unofficial name
The Weimar Constitution creates a republic under a semi-presidential system with the Reichstag elected by proportional representation
Appointed Provisional Reich President by the National Constitutional Assembly
When the Constituent Assembly met in Weimar in February, 1919, Ebert was chosen to be the first president of the German Republic
The Chancellor is appointed by the President and is responsible to the Reichstag, serves as little more than a chairman, Cabinet decisions are made by majority vote
The Republics first Reichspresident ("Reich President"), Friedrich Ebert of the SPD, signs the new German constitution into law.
The first article of the constitution states that "The power of the state emanates from the people".
The fundamental tenet of the Weimar Constitution is that Germany will be a republic on the Parliamentary model with a Parliament elected using proportional representation, universal suffrage is established, with a minimum voting age of 20.
In the event of a serious threat to public safety or Reich security, the President can take measures - including the use of armed force - to restore law and order, and can suspend civil rights if necessary
The Weimar constitution is accepted by the National Assembly & signed by the President. The Republics first Reichspresident ("Reich President"), Friedrich Ebert of the SPD, signs the new German constitution into law.
The fundamental tenet of the Weimar Constitution is that Germany will be a republic on the Parliamentary model with a Parliament elected using proportional representation, universal suffrage is established, with a minimum voting age of 20.
1st Chancellor of the new Republic
The Sinn Fein decalre the foundation of the Irish Republic
A new Home Rule Bill is passed for Ireland to remain part of the Empire as a Dominion
A new Home Rule Bill proposes Parliaments in Dublin & Belfast & an all Irish Council
A Soviet Republic is created
The Soviet constitution is overthrown by a blockade & Romanian military action
That new Parliament, called Dail Eireann (meaning "Assembly of Ireland", First Dail) meets in the Mansion House
Sinn Fein elect an Aireacht (ministry) headed by a Priomh Aire (Prime Minister). 30 of the Sinn Fein MPs assembled in Dublins Mansion House and proclaim themselves the Parliament of Ireland, Dail Eireann
37 Sinn Fein MPs establish the Dail Eirean, Irish Parliament
The Irish Republic is proclaimed
Overthrown from power
The Soviet constitution is overthrown by a blockade & Romanian military action
"by all available means, including armed force, for the overthrow of the international bourgeoisie and for the creation of an international Soviet republic as a transition stage to the complete abolition of the State"
Cathal Brugha is elected Priomh Aire (literally Prime Minister, translated as "President of Dail Eireann"), to be replaced by de Valera, when Collins helps him escape from Lincoln prison, in April, 1919
That new Parliament, called Dail Eireann (meaning "Assembly of Ireland", First D il) meets in the Mansion House. That new Parliament, called Dail Eireann (meaning "Assembly of Ireland", First Dail) meets in the Mansion House. Cathal Brugha is elected Priomh Aire (literally Prime Minister, translated as "President of Dail Eireann"), to be replaced by de Valera, when Collins helps him escape from Lincoln prison, in April, 1919
Cathal Brugha is elected Priomh Aire (literally Prime Minister, translated as "President of Dail Eireann"), to be replaced by de Valera, when Collins helps him escape from Lincoln prison, in April, 1919
30 of the Sinn Fein MPs assembled in Dublins Mansion House and proclaim themselves the Parliament of Ireland, Dail Eireann
2nd session of the Dail, Valera elected Priomh-Aire
Appointed Member of German Workers Party
Amanullah declares Afghanistan fully independent in foreign affairs.
The Rhineland Republic is declared with the support of France
Hostilities las for just 1 month
The beginning of a Russo-Finnish war over Karelia
Helps organise Red defence against Yudenich.
Threatens Petrograd before the Red Army counterattack.
Mobilises Soviet support during Yudenich's threat to Petrograd.
The Petrograd Soviet supports defence efforts against White forces.
Leads a student protest against the Versailles Peace Conference
Arrives in Nankai University to organize student rebellion against western imperialism
En-Lai organizes a demonstration in Beijing
Over 3000 students of Peking University and other schools gather together in front of Tiananmen and hold a demonstration
After hearing Feder speak Hitler joins the Deutsche Arbeiter Partei, NSDAP foreunner
Directs Different from the Others, an early film addressing homosexuality.
Dismissed by the Sultan
Lloyd George receives Allied proposals defining a provisional eastern limit for Polish administration north of Kholm while reserving claims farther east.
The Allied leadership authorizes Poland to occupy Eastern Galicia to the Zbrucz while postponing a final sovereignty settlement.
Allied experts present alternative Lines A and B for Eastern Galicia, differing over whether Lwow and the Drohobych oil region should remain with Poland.
The Supreme Council accepts a statute whose Galician demarcation joins the proposed Polish eastern line to the Czechoslovak frontier in the Carpathians.
Measures starlight deflection during a solar eclipse, supporting general relativity.
Enters Cambridge as a freshman, Trinity College
Is appointed Special High Commissioner for Egypt and Sudan.
Faces nationwide protests after British authorities deport Saad Zaghlul and other nationalist leaders.
Clemanceaus coalition Government wins the election
The Socialist and (Non-Socialist) Democratic parties obtained a solid 80 per cent of the vote. The National Assembly elections took place, the radical left-wing parties, including the USPD and KPD, are barely able to get themselves organized, leading to a solid majority of seats for the MSPD moderate forces. Elections are held for the National Constitutional Assembly
The Haase-led USPD only achieve 7% of the vote for the National Assembly
The Kramar Government ends in Prague, concluding this term as Prime Minister of Czechoslovakia.
Appointed by Kolchak to seek eye witnesses & clues for the execution of the Romanovs
Flees to Constantinople, later lives in France & the USA as an emigre
Exiled to Switzerland
The Habsburgs are banished
Exiled by the Sultan
Marks the transformation of the paramilitary Fasci Italiani di Combattimento into a more coherent political group (the Fasci di Combattimento, founded by Mussolini in Milans Piazza San Sepolcro
Assumes leadership of the temporary First Dail ministry after the revolutionary parliament is established.
Joins the temporary First Dail ministry with responsibility for Home Affairs.
Takes responsibility for finance in the temporary ministry formed by the First Dail.
Appointed First Sea Lord
Begins the First Tusar Government in Prague and serves as Prime Minister of Czechoslovakia.
Appointed Foreign Minister
Appointed Foreign Minister
A General strike & communist uprising takes place in Berlin
Helps found the German Workers Party, forerunner of the Nazi Party
The postwar Allied blockade of Germany is ended, restoring normal maritime access through the North Sea.
The United States removes wartime controls and again permits unrestricted gold exports.
Forms a coalition cabinet with General Pilsudski as provisional president
Lord Inchcape is identified in Parliament as representing Treasury and Admiralty interests on the company board.
His government ends in Helsinki, concluding this term as Prime Minister of Finland.
His government ends in Helsinki, concluding this term as Prime Minister of Finland.
Parliament is told the government holds two million of Anglo-Persian's three million ordinary shares.
Appointed Egypt Special High Commissioner
A new Home Rule Bill is passed for Ireland to remain part of the Empire as a Dominion
A new Home Rule Bill proposes Parliaments in Dublin & Belfast & an all Irish Council
A new Home Rule Bill is passed for Ireland to remain part of the Empire as a Dominion
A new Home Rule Bill proposes Parliaments in Dublin & Belfast & an all Irish Council
Is recognized for foundational studies of bacteriolysis and complement.
A new Home Rule Bill is passed for Ireland to remain part of the Empire as a Dominion
A new Home Rule Bill is passed for Ireland to remain part of the Empire as a Dominion
Declares Korean independence at the Paris Peace Conference
Declares Korean independence at the Paris Peace Conference
The 3rd International is founded to propogate the idea of world revolution
The Greeks land at Smyrna in an attempt to invade Turkey
Lands at Samsun & organizes resistance to the invasion of Turkey by the Allies
The Irish War of Independence begins on the same day the First Dail meets, when two policemen guarding a consignment of gelignite are shot dead by IRA volunteers acting without orders
Helps draft the Covenant of the League of Nations.
Accepts the League Covenant within the Versailles settlement.
Influences the constitutional design of the League.
Presses the peace conference to include a League covenant.
The United States Senate refuses to ratify the Treaty of Versailles, making it invalid in the United States and effectively hamstringing the nascent League of Nations envisioned by Wilson
The US fails to ratify the Treaty of Versailles and join the League of Nations
A new Home Rule Bill is passed for Ireland to remain part of the Empire as a Dominion
A new Home Rule Bill proposes Parliaments in Dublin & Belfast & an all Irish Council
Crommelin observes the solar eclipse at Sobral as part of the British test of general relativity
Davidson assists Eddington during the Principe eclipse expedition testing relativistic light bending
Dyson organises eclipse expeditions that test general relativity by measuring stellar positions near the Sun
Eddington leads eclipse observations that support Einsteins prediction of starlight deflection
Students join in a protest in the Tiananmen Square of Beijing against the European powers decision to grant German-controlled Shandong to Japan, and thus create a new nationalist Chinese movement ("May 4th movement"). Over 3000 students of Peking University and other schools gather together in front of Tiananmen and hold a demonstration. Demonstrations against the terms of the Treaty of Versailles
Under intense public outcry, the Beiyang Government has to release the arrested students and dismiss Cao Rulin, Zhang Zongxiang and Lu Zongyu from their posts
Under intense public outcry, the Beiyang Government has to release the arrested students and dismiss Cao Rulin, Zhang Zongxiang and Lu Zongyu from their posts
Under intense public outcry, the Beiyang Government has to release the arrested students and dismiss Cao Rulin, Zhang Zongxiang and Lu Zongyu from their posts
Chinese representatives in Paris refuse to sign on the peace Treaty, the May 4th Movement win the initial victory, more symbolic than anything else, Japan retains the Shandong Peninsula and Pacific Islands won in World War I
Elected 1st woman MP, 1919-1945, succeeds her husband as Member of Parliament for Plymouth
The Mensheviks are legalised and allowed to publish Vsegda Vpered in Moscow
Kerensky participates in military leadership debate during his political career.
Becomes Minister for Finance in de Valera's reorganized First Dail government.
Serves as Minister for Labour in the First Dail government.
Appointed Minister of Air
Appointed to the Aireacht (ministry) as Minister for Finance
Appointed Minister of War
Becomes first Minister of Health after the ministry is created.
Gives Royal Assent to the Ministry of Health Act.
The National Assembly elections took place, the radical left-wing parties, including the USPD and KPD, are barely able to get themselves organized, leading to a solid majority of seats for the MSPD moderate forces
To avoid the ongoing fights in Berlin, the National Assembly convenes in the city of Weimar, giving the future Republic its unofficial name
The Weimar constitution is accepted by the National Assembly & signed by the President
Produces a Finance Ministry that is able to organise a large bond issue in the form of a "National Loan" to fund the new Irish Republic. Lenin sends a representative to Dublin to borrow some money from the Irish Republic to help fund the Russian Republic, offering some of the Russian Crown Jewels as collateral
Is awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature for his epic poem Olympian Spring.
Receives the medicine prize for discoveries concerning immunity.
The German Workers Party has its 1st meeting at the Furstenfelder-Hof. Helps founds the German Workers Party, forerunner of the Nazi Party
After hearing Feder speak Hitler joins the Deutsche Arbeiter Partei, NSDAP foreunner
Helps found the German Workers Party, forerunner of the Nazi Party
Appointed Member of German Workers Party
111 people attend a public NSDAP meeting at the Hofbraukeller
Attends the Paris Peace Conference as an advocate for Faisal and Arab claims.
The fundamental tenet of the Weimar Constitution is that Germany will be a republic on the Parliamentary model with a Parliament elected using proportional representation, universal suffrage is established, with a minimum voting age of 20
The fundamental tenet of the Weimar Constitution is that Germany will be a republic on the Parliamentary model with a Parliament elected using proportional representation, universal suffrage is established, with a minimum voting age of 20
Advocates that the Rhine becomes France's eastern border
Created Viscount Allenby, 1st
Created Earl Beatty, 1st
In Milan, used to break up strikes & make violent assaults on opponents of fascism. Groups within the PNF called Blackshirts built a base of power by violently attacking socialists and their institutions in the rural Po Valley thereby gaining the support of landowners
Marks the transformation of the paramilitary Fasci Italiani di Combattimento into a more coherent political group (the Fasci di Combattimento, founded by Mussolini in Milans Piazza San Sepolcro
The Commission on Polish Affairs recommends recognizing complete Polish sovereignty west of its proposed eastern line while leaving claims beyond it unresolved.
Appointed President of Brazil
Is elected President of Dail Eireann and forms the second ministry of the First Dail.
Appointed President of Finland
Appointed President of Hungary
Appointed President of Poland after the collapse of the central powers
Appointed President of Korea of the Hansong Provisional Government
Appointed President of Korea of the Shanghai Provisional Government
Becomes president under the new constitutional arrangement with a National Council of Administration
Takes office as Prime Minister of Finland and forms a government in Helsinki.
Takes office as Prime Minister of Finland and forms a government in Helsinki.
Appointed Prime Minister of Bulgaria
Appointed Prime Minister of Poland
Vaida-Voevod forms the first government strongly representing Transylvanian politicians.
Sinn Fein elect an Aireacht (ministry) headed by a Priomh Aire (Prime Minister)
Nasrullah Khan is proclaimed amir after Habibullah's assassination.
Signs the Amasia Protocol resisting the Allies plans for Turkey
Appointed President of Korea of the Hansong Provisional Government
Appointed President of Korea of the Shanghai Provisional Government
The Allied powers recognize Polish sovereignty west of a provisional eastern line while expressly reserving Poland's possible rights to territories farther east.
Appointed Provisional Reich President by the National Constitutional Assembly
At Hitler's instigation more public meetings are held, increasing to about 400
Leads Senate opposition to Versailles and League membership.
An insurrection in Korea is suppressed
An insurrection in Korea is suppressed
Proclaims the "dictatorship of the proletariat". Forms an Executve Council, the Council lasts for 2 weeks
The magazine "Tianjin Student" is closed down by the police
The magazine "Tianjin Student" is closed down by the police
Leads a "Red Army" of 20,000 workers from Munichs factories
Announces changes in running the Cheka
Royal Society and Royal Astronomical Society report eclipse results supporting Einstein's general relativity.
According to the theory of general relativity, stars with light rays that passed near the Sun would appear to have been slightly shifted because their light had been curved by its gravitational field.
During the eclipse, he took pictures of the stars in the region around the Sun.
Eddington travelled to the island of Principe near Africa to watch the solar eclipse of 29 May 1919.
This effect is noticeable only during eclipses, since otherwise the Suns brightness obscures the affected stars.
At Versailles Germany sign a Treaty that assigns full responsibility for causing the conflict (Article 231, the "war guilt clause") and calls for the creation of an international reparations commission to determine the amount due to the Allies
Resigns from the Army, Groener earned the enmity of much of the military leadership, much of whom sought the retention of the monarchy
Resigns rather than sign the Treaty of Versailles
Scheidemann resignes along with the DDP owing to disagreement with the Treaty of Versailles
Resigns after Woodrow Wilson refuses to recognize his territorial demands
Kars is incorporated into Armenia
Under the Treaty of Versailles the Saar is to be administered by the League of Nations
Chinese representatives in Paris refuse to sign on the peace Treaty, the May 4th Movement win the initial victory, more symbolic than anything else, Japan retains the Shandong Peninsula and Pacific Islands won in World War I
Germany loses direct administration of the Saar under Versailles.
The Saar is placed under League administration after Versailles.
The Greeks land at Smyrna in an attempt to invade Turkey
The German Fleet at Scapa Flow is sunk to prevent it from falling into Allied hands
SMS Friedrich der Große was the first interned German capital ship to sink as the High Seas Fleet was scuttled at Scapa Flow.
30 of the Sinn Fein MPs assembled in Dublins Mansion House and proclaim themselves the Parliament of Ireland, Dail Eireann
British eclipse expeditions photograph stars near the Sun to test Einstein's predicted gravitational deflection.
Bloody street fights culminated in the beating and shooting deaths of Rosa Luxemburg and Karl Liebknecht after their arrests
Bloody street fights culminated in the beating and shooting deaths of Rosa Luxemburg and Karl Liebknecht after their arrests
Bloody street fights culminated in the beating and shooting deaths of Rosa Luxemburg and Karl Liebknecht after their arrests
Foster helps organise a nationwide steel strike seeking union recognition and shorter hours.
A General strike & communist uprising takes place in Berlin
In Milan, used to break up strikes & make violent assaults on opponents of fascism
The fundamental tenet of the Weimar Constitution is that Germany will be a republic on the Parliamentary model with a Parliament elected using proportional representation, universal suffrage is established, with a minimum voting age of 20
The fundamental tenet of the Weimar Constitution is that Germany will be a republic on the Parliamentary model with a Parliament elected using proportional representation, universal suffrage is established, with a minimum voting age of 20
Supports British diplomatic work following the wartime council.
Uses the council framework during transition from war to peace conference.
Advises Allied leaders on military enforcement after the armistice.
Reports on military demobilisation after the armistice.
Moves from wartime council work into peace conference diplomacy.
Represents Italy in Allied postwar deliberations.
Advises American negotiators on occupation and demobilisation issues.
Represents Japanese interests in Allied deliberations at Paris.
Participates in Allied decisions as peace negotiations begin.
Conducts the first performance of the final version of Symphony No 5 in Helsinki.
Directs the silent comedy The Oyster Princess.
Afghan forces cross the frontier, beginning the Third Anglo-Afghan War.
Concludes a peace Treaty with the Allies
Under the Treaty of Rawalpindi Afghanistan wins control of its foreign affairs
The peace treaty ends the war and confirms Afghanistan's control of its foreign policy.
Bauers cabinet approves the Treaty of Versailles to avoid an Allied invasion
Alsace-Lorraine is ceded to France
Prussia is ceded to Poland
Posen is ceded to Poland
Included in the Treaty is the demilitarization of the Rhineland
The Treaty of Versailles is signed. Germany is to accept war guilt & pay reparations to the Allies. German colonies are divided between the Allies
The Treaty of Versailles is ratified by Germany
Signed by Erzberger in the Versailles Hall of Mirrors. At Versailles Germany sign a Treaty that assigns full responsibility for causing the conflict (Article 231, the "war guilt clause") and calls for the creation of an international reparations commission to determine the amount due to the Allies. Acceptence by the Assembly is conveyed to Clemenceau within 19 minutes of the deadline
Signs the settlement containing the League Covenant.
The Senate refuses to ratify Versailles, keeping the United States outside the League.
Demonstrations against the terms of the Treaty of Versailles
Refuses to sign the Treaty of Versailles
Says "may the hand wither that signs such a Treaty". Resigns rather than sign the Treaty of Versailles
Scheidemann resignes along with the DDP owing to disagreement with the Treaty of Versailles
The Senate refuses to ratify Versailles, keeping the United States outside the League.
Formally asks the Allied and associated powers to place him on trial instead of Kaiser Wilhelm II, the Supreme Council decides to ignore his request
Creates a special assassination squad called The Twelve Apostles to kill British agents
The fundamental tenet of the Weimar Constitution is that Germany will be a republic on the Parliamentary model with a Parliament elected using proportional representation, universal suffrage is established, with a minimum voting age of 20
The fundamental tenet of the Weimar Constitution is that Germany will be a republic on the Parliamentary model with a Parliament elected using proportional representation, universal suffrage is established, with a minimum voting age of 20
Appointed Vice Chancellor and Finance Minister
Resigns after Woodrow Wilson refuses to recognize his territorial demands
The Munchener Beobachter is renamed the Voelkischer Beobachter
Jodl commands the Volkswehr Battery Augsburg during the transition from the imperial army to the Reichswehr.
The Mensheviks are legalised and allowed to publish Vsegda Vpered in Moscow
The Cheka closes down Vsegda Vpered, marks a return to despotic rule by Bolsheviks
At Versailles Germany sign a Treaty that assigns full responsibility for causing the conflict (Article 231, the "war guilt clause") and calls for the creation of an international reparations commission to determine the amount due to the Allies
Publication of "We", a critique of totalitarianism in Russia
Publication of "We", a critique of totalitarianism in Russia
To avoid the ongoing fights in Berlin, the National Assembly convenes in the city of Weimar, giving the future Republic its unofficial name
The Weimar Constitution creates a republic under a semi-presidential system with the Reichstag elected by proportional representation
The fundamental tenet of the Weimar Constitution is that Germany will be a republic on the Parliamentary model with a Parliament elected using proportional representation, universal suffrage is established, with a minimum voting age of 20
The Republics first Reichspresident ("Reich President"), Friedrich Ebert of the SPD, signs the new German constitution into law. In the event of a serious threat to public safety or Reich security, the President can take measures - including the use of armed force - to restore law and order, and can suspend civil rights if necessary
Supports workers during the Winnipeg General Strike.
Supports the Comintern as a tool of international revolutionary strategy
Birth of Bill Nicholson, in Scarborough, Yorkshire, the eighth of nine children
Birth of Doris Lessing, in Iran
Birth of Edmund Percival Hillary
Birth of Howard Leslie Brennan
Birth of Iris Murdoch
Birth of Maria Eva Duarte Peron, born out of wedlock in rural Argentina
Birth of Mohammed Rezah Shah Pahlavi, eldest son of Reza Shah
Birth of Peter Alexander Rupert Carington
Rene Barrientos Ortuno is born in Tarata, Cochabamba.
Birth of Tenzing Norgay, from a peasant family from Khumbu in Nepal, very near Mount Everest, which the Sherpas call Chomolungma
Birth of Tommy Lawton
Munich is "liberated" by the White Army & Landauer is assassinated by Feikorps troops
Death of John William Strutt
Death of Joseph Arch
Death of Karl Liebknecht, murdered while under arrest
Triggers off revolution leading to 5 coups & 5 Governments in 70 days
Death of Phillip Scheidemann
Murdered while under arrest
Munich is "liberated" by the White Army & Eglhofer is assassinated by Feikorps troops
Defeated by the Bolsheviks under Budenny
Directs Saudi policy during the victory over Hashemite forces at Turubah.
Commands Saudi fighters during the victory at Turubah.
Provenance
These entries are read from the World History Database date API and written into static HTML. Dates, names and descriptions are reviewed and normalised as the database develops.
Browse all years · Browse by month and day · Search the full database