1921
Agrarian Reform
Ferdinand promulgates a major agrarian reform redistributing large estates.
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Browse historical records dated to 1921. Records are rendered from the World History Database into this page's initial HTML.
Ferdinand promulgates a major agrarian reform redistributing large estates.
Finland retains sovereignty after League mediation.
Sweden accepts the League settlement over the islands.
Allied Reparations Committee levels 33 billion war reparations debt onto Germany; commands the handing over of 26% of all exports for 42 years and puts the Germans immediately into 12 billion in arrears
Receives a gram of radium from American supporters.
Presents Marie Curie with radium bought by American donors.
Britain and Afghanistan sign a treaty establishing normal diplomatic relations after independence.
Collins crushes opposition to the Free State Treaty in Dublin & is ambushed in Cork
Negotiations ultimately result in the Anglo-Irish Treaty signed on 6 December 1921, which provides for a new Irish State, named the "Irish Free State"
Republican purists regard it as a sell-out, with the replacement of the republic by dominion status within the British Empire, and an Oath of Allegiance made (it was then claimed) directly to the King.
The Treaty provides for a possible all state, subject to the right of a six-county region in the northeast to opt out of the Free State (which it immediately does).
The new Irish Free State is to be a Dominion, with a bicameral Parliament, executive authority vested in the king but exercised by an Irish Government elected by a lower house called Dail Eireann.
The Treaty is controversial, Eamon de Valera, President of the Irish Republic is unhappy that Collins had signed any deal without his and his cabinets authorisation. Most of the Irish Republican Army oppose the Treaty, opening the prospect of civil war
Negotiations ultimately result in the Anglo-Irish Treaty signed on 6 December 1921, which provides for a new Irish State, named the "Irish Free State"
Republican purists regard it as a sell-out, with the replacement of the republic by dominion status within the British Empire, and an Oath of Allegiance made (it was then claimed) directly to the King.
The Treaty provides for a possible all state, subject to the right of a six-county region in the northeast to opt out of the Free State (which it immediately does).
The new Irish Free State is to be a Dominion, with a bicameral Parliament, executive authority vested in the king but exercised by an Irish Government elected by a lower house called Dail Eireann.
The Treaty is controversial, Eamon de Valera, President of the Irish Republic is unhappy that Collins had signed any deal without his and his cabinets authorisation
Signs the Anglo-Irish Treaty as one of the five Irish plenipotentiaries.
Collins signs the settlement that creates a constitutional path toward the Irish Free State.
Signs the Anglo-Irish Treaty as a plenipotentiary of the Dail government.
Adds his signature to the Anglo-Irish Treaty on behalf of the Irish delegation.
Griffith heads the Irish plenipotentiaries who place their names on the Anglo-Irish Treaty in London.
Hitler and SA disrupt speech by Otto Ballestedt of the Bayernbund; beaten badly; Hitler with others arrested
Arrested after trying to regain the Austrian throne
Antonio Granjo is assassinated
The Prime Minister of Japan is assassinated by a Korean
Collins crushes opposition to the Free State Treaty in Dublin & is ambushed in Cork
Begins the Benes Government in Prague and serves as Prime Minister of Czechoslovakia.
An anti-bolshevik rebellion breaks out among Kronstadt sailors
An anti-bolshevik rebellion breaks out among Kronstadt sailors
The "First Period" in Comintern history, with the Bolshevik revolution under attack in the Russian Civil War and a wave of revolutions across Europe, the Cominterns priority was exporting the October Revolution
The Red Army enters capital Tbilisi and installs a puppet communist Government led by Georgian Bolshevik Filipp Makharadze
The Red Army enters capital Tbilisi and installs a puppet communist Government led by Georgian Bolshevik Filipp Makharadze
The Act creates an executive budget system and the General Accounting Office.
Budget & Accounting Act, creates the Bureau of the Budget & Manual Accounting Office
Participates in the Cairo Conference on Britain's Middle Eastern policy.
Brings Hail and the Rashidi emirate under Saudi control.
Participates in the final campaigns that incorporate Hail.
Appointed Chairman of the NSDAP
Appointed Chancellor of Germany, 2nd term, Joseph Wirth (Center) forms 2nd cabinet
Appointed Chief Justice of the Supreme Court
Third Congress, held in June-July 1921, talked about how the struggle could be transformed into "civil war" when the circumstances were favorable and "openly revolutionary uprisings". The "First Period" in Comintern history, with the Bolshevik revolution under attack in the Russian Civil War and a wave of revolutions across Europe, the Cominterns priority was exporting the October Revolution
Appointed Commissar for Foreign Affairs
The official beginning is the 1st Congress held in Shanghai and attended by 53 men when the formal and unified name Zhongguo G•ngchan Dang (Chinese Communist Party) is adopted
The official beginning is the 1st Congress held in Shanghai and attended by 53 men when the formal and unified name Zhongguo G•ngchan Dang (Chinese Communist Party) is adopted
The official beginning is the 1st Congress held in Shanghai and attended by 53 men when the formal and unified name Zhongguo G•ngchan Dang (Chinese Communist Party) is adopted
The official beginning is the 1st Congress held in Shanghai and attended by 53 men when the formal and unified name Zhongguo G•ngchan Dang (Chinese Communist Party) is adopted
The official beginning is the 1st Congress held in Shanghai and attended by 53 men when the formal and unified name Zhongguo G•ngchan Dang (Chinese Communist Party) is adopted
The official beginning is the 1st Congress held in Shanghai and attended by 53 men when the formal and unified name Zhongguo G•ngchan Dang (Chinese Communist Party) is adopted
The official beginning is the 1st Congress held in Shanghai and attended by 53 men when the formal and unified name Zhongguo G•ngchan Dang (Chinese Communist Party) is adopted
The official beginning is the 1st Congress held in Shanghai and attended by 53 men when the formal and unified name Zhongguo G•ngchan Dang (Chinese Communist Party) is adopted
The Paris Conference fixes German war reparations
Opening day, the US wants peace in the Pacific
Zinoviev is made a full member of the Politburo after the Xth Party Congress
Sweeps away committees & establishes the "leadership principle"
Northern Irelands 1st Parliament sits
Negotiations ultimately result in the Anglo-Irish Treaty signed on 6 December 1921, which provides for a new Irish State, named the "Irish Free State"
De Valera rejects Dominion status for Ireland
The Priomh Aire (also known as President of Dail Eireann) is upgraded to President of the Republic, a full head of state
The new Irish Free State is to be a Dominion, with a bicameral Parliament, executive authority vested in the king but exercised by an Irish Government elected by a lower house called Dail Eireann. Negotiations ultimately result in the Anglo-Irish Treaty signed on 6 December 1921, which provides for a new Irish State, named the "Irish Free State"
The powers of the President are cut back & Pilsudski refuses to stand for election
Creates an international centre for atomic and quantum research.
The new Irish Free State is to be a Dominion, with a bicameral Parliament, executive authority vested in the king but exercised by an Irish Government elected by a lower house called Dail Eireann
The Priomh Aire (also known as President of Dail Eireann) is upgraded to President of the Republic, a full head of state
The new Irish Free State is to be a Dominion, with a bicameral Parliament, executive authority vested in the king but exercised by an Irish Government elected by a lower house called Dail Eireann
The new Irish Free State is to be a Dominion, with a bicameral Parliament, executive authority vested in the king but exercised by an Irish Government elected by a lower house called Dail Eireann
Kerensky records his position on democratic programme in exile.
Adolf Hitler assumes leadership of the NSDAP, he becomes "Der Fuhrer"
Directs Der mude Tod, released in English as Destiny.
Dismisses leading Russian diplomats including ambassadors in London, Washington & Rome
An economic crisis grips Germany which causes runaway inflation and ends additional reparations installments
German currency begins to collapse
With the ongoing turn to a market-based system of production as part of the New Economic Policy (NEP), very real constraints exist on the possible extent of central planning during the initial phase of Gosplan
The State Planning Commission, GOSPLAN, is founded. Early in February 1921 the Politburo unanimously voted for Vladimir Lenins proposal of ending the forced requisitioning of grain
Emergency Tariff Act, increases duties on farm products & other goods
Presides over the National Conference on Unemployment, estimated at 5.7 million
Accepts the political necessity of dissolving the Bavarian Einwohnerwehr organisation after sustained Allied pressure for disarmament.
The powers of the President are cut back & Pilsudski refuses to stand for election
Protests against President Friedrich Ebert's nationwide state of emergency, regarding federal intervention as a threat to Bavarian autonomy.
The First Cerny Government ends in Prague, concluding this term as Prime Minister of Czechoslovakia.
The First Otto B. Halvorsen Government ends in Oslo, concluding this term as Prime Minister of Norway.
The Henri Carton de Wiart Government ends in Brussels, concluding this period as Prime Minister of Belgium.
Leaves Eton without going to university.
Arrives in New York during his first visit to the United States, including lectures and fundraising.
Administers the first human BCG vaccination with clinical collaborators.
Begins the First Georges Theunis Government in Brussels and serves as Prime Minister of Belgium.
Collins crushes opposition to the Free State Treaty in Dublin & is ambushed in Cork
This record states: Negotiations ultimately result in the Anglo-Irish Treaty signed on 6 December 1921, which provides for a new Irish State, named the "Irish Free State."
This record states: The Treaty provides for a possible all state, subject to the right of a six-county region in the northeast to opt out of the Free State (which it immediately does).
This record states: The new Irish Free State is to be a Dominion, with a bicameral Parliament, executive authority vested in the king but exercised by an Irish Government elected by a lower house called Dail Eireann.
This record states: Negotiations ultimately result in the Anglo-Irish Treaty signed on 6 December 1921, which provides for a new Irish State, named the "Irish Free State."
This record states: The Treaty provides for a possible all state, subject to the right of a six-county region in the northeast to opt out of the Free State (which it immediately does).
This record states: The new Irish Free State is to be a Dominion, with a bicameral Parliament, executive authority vested in the king but exercised by an Irish Government elected by a lower house called Dail Eireann.
The new Irish Free State is to be a Dominion, with a bicameral Parliament, executive authority vested in the king but exercised by an Irish Government elected by a lower house called Dail Eireann. Negotiations ultimately result in the Anglo-Irish Treaty signed on 6 December 1921, which provides for a new Irish State, named the "Irish Free State"
Under Allied pressure, all Freikorps units are outlawed
Jodl begins Führergehilfen training, the Reichswehr's concealed system of general staff education.
Initially Gosplan has an advisery function, with its entire staff consisting of just 34 people selected on the basis of academic expertise in specialized aspects of industry; just 7 are members of the Russian Communist Party (Bolsheviks). Appointed head of Gosplan
Gosplan is formally established by a Sovnarkom decree.
Initially Gosplan has an advisery function, with its entire staff consisting of just 34 people selected on the basis of academic expertise in specialized aspects of industry. just 7 are members of the Russian Communist Party (Bolsheviks).
With the ongoing turn to a market-based system of production as part of the New Economic Policy (NEP), very real constraints exist on the possible extent of central planning during the initial phase of Gosplan.
The State Planning Commission, GOSPLAN, is founded which publishes economic statistics
His government ends in Helsinki, concluding this term as Prime Minister of Finland.
Kisses the same bible used in the inauguration of George Washington
Crimea is granted its independence
The new Irish Free State is to be a Dominion, with a bicameral Parliament, executive authority vested in the king but exercised by an Irish Government elected by a lower house called Dail Eireann. Negotiations ultimately result in the Anglo-Irish Treaty signed on 6 December 1921, which provides for a new Irish State, named the "Irish Free State"
The new Irish Free State is to be a Dominion, with a bicameral Parliament, executive authority vested in the king but exercised by an Irish Government elected by a lower house called Dail Eireann
Returns to Honolulu to continue leadership of Korean independence
Crimea is granted its independence
Returns to Honolulu to continue leadership of Korean independence
An economic crisis grips Germany which causes runaway inflation and ends additional reparations installments
Opens the University of Copenhagen institute devoted to theoretical physics.
The Red Army enters capital Tbilisi and installs a puppet communist Government led by Georgian Bolshevik Filipp Makharadze
Polish forces under Wojciech Korfantry invade Upper Silesia
German Freikorps smash Polish forces at St Annaberg
Advises on arrangements that help place Faisal on the throne of Iraq.
The new Irish Free State is to be a Dominion, with a bicameral Parliament, executive authority vested in the king but exercised by an Irish Government elected by a lower house called Dail Eireann. Negotiations ultimately result in the Anglo-Irish Treaty signed on 6 December 1921, which provides for a new Irish State, named the "Irish Free State"
The new Irish Free State is to be a Dominion, with a bicameral Parliament, executive authority vested in the king but exercised by an Irish Government elected by a lower house called Dail Eireann
Supports rebel administration inside the fortress.
Appeals against bloodshed during the crisis.
Supports the Bolshevik response during the party congress.
Supports Bolshevik action against the naval revolt.
Participates in operations as Red forces close on the fortress.
Supports security measures during the rebellion.
Commands Red Army units during the assault preparations.
Leads Red troops prepared for the renewed attack.
Condemns Bolshevik repression of the sailors.
Addresses sailors but fails to stop the revolt.
Supports party unity against the rebellion.
Participates in Red Army operations against Kronstadt.
Commands forces assigned to the southern assault group.
Serves as a military specialist inside the rebel fortress.
Helps organise artillery defence against the Red Army assault.
Leaves the fortress with retreating rebels.
Sees the revolt as a grave threat during the civil war crisis.
Argues at the party congress that the revolt must be defeated.
Links the revolt to the wider crisis facing Soviet power.
Uses the crisis to justify tighter party discipline.
Criticises Bolshevik suppression from exile.
Supports party mobilisation against the rebellion.
Supports sailor demands against Bolshevik political monopoly.
Helps coordinate rebel communication and defence.
Supports the Petropavlovsk resolution demanding free Soviet elections.
Helps lead sailors protesting against Bolshevik rule.
Chairs the Provisional Revolutionary Committee in Kronstadt.
Rejects Bolshevik ultimatums and continues resistance.
Maintains rebel morale as the fortress holds out.
Flees toward Finland as Red forces enter Kronstadt.
Enters exile after the suppression of the rebellion.
Joins sailors backing the revolt against Bolshevik authority.
Backs the party line against the Kronstadt revolt.
Orders the rebels to submit to Soviet authority.
Supports suppression of the Kronstadt revolt.
Threatens severe punishment unless the sailors surrender.
Defends the suppression as necessary for Soviet survival.
Receives command of forces assigned to crush the revolt.
Launches the first Red Army assault across the ice.
Regroups forces after the first assault fails.
Prepares the final assault across the frozen gulf.
Orders the final assault on Kronstadt.
Red Army troops capture Kronstadt after heavy fighting.
Joins the revolutionary committee organising the uprising.
Serves among commanders used in operations against the fortress.
Helps mobilise loyal Communist forces for the attack.
Serves on the rebel revolutionary committee.
Denounces the Kronstadt sailors as enemies of Soviet power.
Faces revolt from sailors who demand free Soviets.
Addresses the party congress while Petrograd remains under pressure.
Directs Petrograd political mobilisation during the siege.
Zinoviev directs political responses during the Kronstadt crisis.
Announces Bolshevik victory after Kronstadt is taken.
The League of Nations rejects Russia's membership
Emergency Quota Act, restricts immigration to 3% of the nationality within the US
Emergency Tariff Act, increases duties on farm products & other goods
Budget & Accounting Act, creates the Bureau of the Budget & Manual Accounting Office
The London Ultimatum sets the total sum of the war indemnity at 132 billion marks
Appointed one of seven Lords of Appeal in Ordinary
Receives an honorary Doctor of Science degree from the University of Manchester and lectures on relativity.
Appointed Minister of War
Presides over the National Conference on Unemployment, estimated at 5.7 million
Is awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature for elegant style, human sympathy, and distinguished literary achievement.
Adolf Hitler resigns from the party to force the hand of Anton Drexler not to unite with the DSP
Adolf Hitler rejoins the party
Adolf Hitler assumes leadership of the NSDAP, he becomes "Der Fuhrer"
The NSDAP total party membership comes to 2000
Becomes the 1st Prime Minister to reside in Chequers
The Allies enter Germany to enforce reparations
Under a pact between Russia & Turkey the Kars region becomes part of Turkey
Under a pact between Russia & Turkey the Kars region becomes part of Turkey
Under a pact between Russia & Turkey the Kars region becomes part of Turkey
Irish Treaty delegates Arthur Griffith (leader) and Robert Barton (with Robert Erskine Childers as Secretary General to the delegation) set up headquarters at 22 Hans Place in Knightsbridge and reside there until conclusion of the Treaty in December
Collins takes up quarters at 15 Cadogan Gardens. His personal staff included Liam Tobin, Ned Broy and Joe McGrath
Irish Treaty delegates Arthur Griffith (leader) and Robert Barton (with Robert Erskine Childers as Secretary General to the delegation) set up headquarters at 22 Hans Place in Knightsbridge and reside there until conclusion of the Treaty in December
Irish Treaty delegates Arthur Griffith (leader) and Robert Barton (with Robert Erskine Childers as Secretary General to the delegation) set up headquarters at 22 Hans Place in Knightsbridge and reside there until conclusion of the Treaty in December. Collins takes up quarters at 15 Cadogan Gardens. His personal staff included Liam Tobin, Ned Broy and Joe McGrath
The British Government & Sinn Fein agree a truce
Anglo-Irish peace talks begin
Britain signs a peace Treaty with Ireland
Collins takes up quarters at 15 Cadogan Gardens. His personal staff included Liam Tobin, Ned Broy and Joe McGrath
Collins takes up quarters at 15 Cadogan Gardens. His personal staff included Liam Tobin, Ned Broy and Joe McGrath
The Irish Dail rejects the British peace offer
de Valera nominates a team of delegates headed by Arthur Griffith, with Michael Collins as his deputy, Collins agreed to go to London. Britain signs a peace Treaty with Ireland
The US signs a peace Treaty with Germany in Berlin
The US signs a peace Treaty with Germany in Berlin
Created a life peer as Baron Carson, of Duncairn in the County of Antrim
Zinoviev is made a full member of the Politburo after the Xth Party Congress
Saavedra begins his constitutional presidency after the Republican movement takes power.
Begins a one-year term as President of the Swiss Confederation.
Takes office as Prime Minister of Finland and forms a government in Helsinki.
Forms his first Liberal government.
Appointed Prime Minister of Hungary by the Regent, Horthy
The Priomh Aire (also known as President of Dail Eireann) is upgraded to President of the Republic, a full head of state
Addresses over 6,000 people in the Circus Krone
An anti-bolshevik rebellion breaks out among Kronstadt sailors
An anti-bolshevik rebellion breaks out among Kronstadt sailors
Helps crush the Kronstadt Revolt
Helps crush the Kronstadt Revolt
Helps crush the Kronstadt Revolt
Leads the army units against the Kronstadt sailors
Leads the army units against the Kronstadt sailors
Leads the army units against the Kronstadt sailors
The Red Army enters capital Tbilisi and installs a puppet communist Government led by Georgian Bolshevik Filipp Makharadze
The Red Army enters capital Tbilisi and installs a puppet communist Government led by Georgian Bolshevik Filipp Makharadze
The British find a vacant throne in Iraq & after a referendum he is enthroned
Plebiscite in Upper Silesia, they vote to remain part of Germany. Allied Plebiscite Commission rejects vote, draws boundary anyway; takes section of mines, mills and furnaces and 350,000 Germans and puts them under Polish rule
Sweeps away committees & establishes the "leadership principle"
Appointed Regent, due to fathers illnes
The Paris Conference fixes German war reparations
Allied Reparations Committee levels 33 billion war reparations debt onto Germany; commands the handing over of 26% of all exports for 42 years and puts the Germans immediately into 12 billion in arrears
The reparations bill is tallied when the Reparations Commission determines that damages caused by Germany amount to $33 billion or 133 billion gold marks. Reparations payments are to be made in cash or by such in-kind commodities as steel and coal
The London Ultimatum sets the total sum of the war indemnity at 132 billion marks
An initial payment of $250 million reparations is made. An economic crisis grips Germany which causes runaway inflation and ends additional reparations installments
Resigns as Bavarian prime minister after losing the struggle to preserve the Einwohnerwehr and its armed strength.
Resigns as Party Leader
Returns to his position as regional president of Upper Bavaria after leaving the Bavarian premiership.
Elected a Foreign Member of the Royal Society.
Under a pact between Russia & Turkey the Kars region becomes part of Turkey
Under a pact between Russia & Turkey the Kars region becomes part of Turkey
Under a pact between Russia & Turkey the Kars region becomes part of Turkey
Plebiscite in Upper Silesia, they vote to remain part of Germany. Allied Plebiscite Commission rejects vote, draws boundary anyway; takes section of mines, mills and furnaces and 350,000 Germans and puts them under Polish rule
Polish forces under Wojciech Korfantry invade Upper Silesia
Begins the Second Otto Blehr Government in Oslo and serves as Prime Minister of Norway.
Becomes brigade major of 17th Infantry Brigade at Victoria Barracks during the Irish conflict.
The Red Army enters capital Tbilisi and installs a puppet communist Government led by Georgian Bolshevik Filipp Makharadze
The Red Army enters capital Tbilisi and installs a puppet communist Government led by Georgian Bolshevik Filipp Makharadze
Founds the Gymnastic & Sports Section to protect NSDAP speakers, forerunner of the SA
The release of The Skeik makes Valentino a cult figure
An agreement is made to resume Anglo-Soviet trade relations
An agreement is made to resume Anglo-Soviet trade relations
Separates Transjordan administration from Palestine mandate policy.
Rules Transjordan within the British mandate framework.
Contributes to British discussions that recognise Abdullah's position in Transjordan.
Opposes the Anglo-Irish Treaty after the Irish delegation returns from London with the signed agreement.
Meets British Prime Minister David Lloyd George during exploratory talks preceding the Anglo-Irish Treaty negotiations.
Afghanistan signs a friendship treaty with Soviet Russia, securing diplomatic recognition, aid, and transit arrangements.
The Treaty of Riga confirms a Polish-Soviet frontier well east of the Curzon Line, leaving the British proposal unused as the interwar boundary.
Introduces a live attenuated vaccine for preventing tuberculosis.
Under a pact between Russia & Turkey the Kars region becomes part of Turkey
Under a pact between Russia & Turkey the Kars region becomes part of Turkey
Accepts a partition settlement in Upper Silesia.
Germany loses part of Upper Silesia after League arbitration.
Inaugurated Vice President of the USA
NSDAP buys its first paper, the Voelkischer Beobachter
Accepts the truce that ends major hostilities in the War of Independence and opens the way to negotiations.
War with Germany is declared to be at an end by joint resolution of Congress
Birth of Alexander Dubcek
Birth of Charles Bronson, one of 15 children born to a Lithuanian immigrant father of Lipka Tatar ancestry and a Lithuanian mother
Birth of Doris Hilda Anderson
Birth of Earling Carothers "Jim" Garrison
Bith of Philip, son of Princess Alice & Prince Angrew of Greece
Birth of Stanley Harding "Stan" Mortensen
Birth of Thojib Suharto
Death of Georg von Schonerer
Death of Hardinge Stanley Giffard
The Prime Minister of Japan is assassinated by a Korean
Death of Michael Collins
Death of Theobald von Bethmann Hollweg
Honored with the title of Ghazi, "the Victorious". Defeats the Greeks & within 1 yr expels them from Turkish soil
Defeats the Greeks at the 1st Battle of Inonu
Defeats the Greeks at the 2nd Battle of Inonu
Honored with the title of Ghazi, "the Victorious". Defeats the Greeks & within 1 yr expels them from Turkish soil
German Freikorps smash Polish forces at St Annaberg
The British find a vacant throne in Iraq & after a referendum he is enthroned
Provenance
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