President of Switzerland
Begins a one-year term as President of the Swiss Confederation.
Historical events in 1922
609 historical records
January 192223 historical events
Siege of Rostov
Stalin signs an instruction of the Revolutionary Military Council of the Southern Front to the armies of the front for the capture of Rostov
Conference of Cannes
Leads the German delegation at the Cannes discussions on reparations and European economic recovery.
Treaty Ratification
Supports the Dail vote ratifying the Anglo-Irish Treaty.
Anglo-Irish Agreement
A group of 200 anti-Treaty IRA men occupy the Four Courts in Dublin in defiance of the Provisional Government, Collins, who wanted to avoid civil war at all costs, does not attack them until June 1922, when British pressure forced his hand
Assassination of Henry Wilson
The British forces Collins to take action against the Four Courts men, Collins borrows two 18 pounder artillery pieces from the British and bombards the Four Courts until its garrison surrenders. Collins orders the killing of Henry Wilson in reprisal for failing to prevent the attacks on Roman Catholics in Northern Ireland
IRA
A group of 200 anti-Treaty IRA men occupy the Four Courts in Dublin in defiance of the Provisional Government, Collins, who wanted to avoid civil war at all costs, does not attack them until June 1922, when British pressure forced his hand
Provisional Government
A group of 200 anti-Treaty IRA men occupy the Four Courts in Dublin in defiance of the Provisional Government, Collins, who wanted to avoid civil war at all costs, does not attack them until June 1922, when British pressure forced his hand
Siege of Four Courts
A group of 200 anti-Treaty IRA men occupy the Four Courts in Dublin in defiance of the Provisional Government, Collins, who wanted to avoid civil war at all costs, does not attack them until June 1922, when British pressure forced his hand
Anglo-Irish Agreement
Sinn Fein splits over the Treaty, and the Dail debates the matter bitterly for ten days until it is approved by a vote of 64 to 57
Anglo-Irish Agreement
Sinn Fein splits over the Treaty, and the Dail debates the matter bitterly for ten days until it is approved by a vote of 64 to 57
Resignation after Treaty Vote
Resigns after the Dail ratifies the Anglo-Irish Treaty and rejects his position on the settlement.
President of Dail Eireann
Becomes President of Dail Eireann following de Valera's resignation.
Siege of Donbas
Stalin signs an order of the day of the Revolutionary Military Council of the Southern Front congratulating the armies of the front on the defeat of Denikins armies and the capture of the Donbas and Rostov
Siege of Rostov
Stalin signs an order of the day of the Revolutionary Military Council of the Southern Front congratulating the armies of the front on the defeat of Denikins armies and the capture of the Donbas and Rostov. Stalin informs Lenin of the capture of Rostov by Budyonnys Cavalry
Cannes Reparations Address
Addresses the Allied Supreme Council on Germany's financial position and argues that reparations must reflect German economic capacity.
Arrest of Adolf Hitler
Adolf Hitler sentenced to three months
Genoa Conference Invitation
Receives the Italian invitation for Germany to attend the international economic and financial conference planned for Genoa.
Dublin Castle Handover
Leads the Provisional Government delegation receiving the formal handover of Dublin Castle.
Provisional Government
Becomes chairman of the Provisional Government as the new administration takes office.
Bratianu Government
Bratianu begins a government that consolidates institutions across Greater Romania.
Birth of David Paul Scofield
Birth of David Paul Scofield.
Foreign Minister of Germany
Is appointed Foreign Minister in Joseph Wirth's government.
February 192226 historical events
Railway Strike Ban
Uses Article 48 powers to prohibit a planned strike by the national union representing railway civil servants and trainees.
Birth of Renata Tebaldi
Birth of Renata Tebaldi
Ulysses
James Joyces novel "Ulysses" is published in Paris with 1,000 copies
in Paris
James Joyces novel "Ulysses" is published in Paris with 1,000 copies
Independence of China
Respects the territory of China, a formal endorsement of the "Open Door" policy
Independence of United States of America
Respects the territory of China, a formal endorsement of the "Open Door" policy
Legislation
Provides for a 10 year moratorium on building large vessels
Respects the territory of China, a formal endorsement of the Open Door
Respects the territory of China, a formal endorsement of the "Open Door" policy
Rule of Aleutian Islands
The Washington Disarmament Conference comes to an end with the signature of a final Treaty forbidding fortification of the Aleutian Islands for 14 years
Washington Naval Treaty
US, British, Japanese, French & Italian ships remain 5.5, 3, 1.75 & 1.75. The Washington Disarmament Conference comes to an end with the signature of a final Treaty forbidding fortification of the Aleutian Islands for 14 years. The US, Britain, France & Japan agree to the naval status quo. Signed by the US, Britain, Japan, France & Italy. Signed at the Washington Conference
Drama
John Willards "Cat & the Canary," premiered in NYC
World War Foreign Debt Commission
The US. Congress establishes the World War Foreign Debt Commission
Pope
Appointed Pope, formerly the Cardinal & Archbishop of Milan
Reichstag Confidence Vote
Wins a Reichstag confidence vote by 220 votes to 185 after controversy over the government's handling of the railway strike.
Capper-Volstead Act
Harding signs the Capper-Volstead Act, exempting the farmers from federal antitrust laws permitting them to share prices and orchestrate supply
Economy of USA
Harding signs the Capper-Volstead Act, exempting the farmers from federal antitrust laws permitting them to share prices and orchestrate supply
Legislation
Harding signs the Capper-Volstead Act, exempting the farmers from federal antitrust laws permitting them to share prices and orchestrate supply
Independence of Egypt
Great Britain grants Egypt independence
Independence of Great Britain
Great Britain grants Egypt independence
Rule of Egypt
Great Britain grants Egypt independence
Constitution of USA
The Supreme Court unanimously upholds the 19th Amendment to the Constitution that guaranteed the right of women to vote
Legislation
The Supreme Court unanimously upholds the 19th Amendment to the Constitution that guaranteed the right of women to vote
Independence of Egypt
Britain declares Egypt a sovereign state, but British troops remain
Independence of Great Britain
Britain declares Egypt a sovereign state, but British troops remain
Rule of Egypt
Britain declares Egypt a sovereign state, but British troops remain
Prime Minister of Italy
Appointed Prime Minister of Italy
March 192233 historical events
Nosferatu
Directs Nosferatu, one of the central works of German silent horror.
Capture of Fiume
Fiume surrenders to the Fascists
Siege of Fiume
Fiume surrenders to the Fascists
Reparations Committee Address
Addresses the Reichstag Main Committee, arguing that reparations remain the central problem of German foreign policy.
Second Jon Magnusson Government
The Second Jon Magnusson Government ends, concluding this term as Prime Minister of Iceland.
Sigurdur Eggerz Government
Begins the Sigurdur Eggerz Government and serves as Prime Minister of Iceland.
Hitler Youth
The first NSDAP-related organisation of German youth is the Jugendbund der NSDAP, its establishment by the Nationalsozialistische Deutsche Arbeiterpartei or NSDAP, the German Nazi Party, is announced in the Volkischer Beobachter
Jugendbund der NSDAP
The first NSDAP-related organisation of German youth is the Jugendbund der NSDAP, its establishment by the Nationalsozialistische Deutsche Arbeiterpartei or NSDAP, the German Nazi Party, is announced in the Volkischer Beobachter
Finance Minister Appointment
Takes office as Reich Finance Minister during worsening budgetary pressure, reparations obligations and currency weakness.
Arrest of Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi
Gandhi is arrested then tried for sedition, and sentenced to six years imprisonment
Independence of Egypt
Becomes King as Britain recognizes Egypt as an independent sovereign state, subject to reserved matters.
Declaration of Independence
Assumes the title King after Britain recognizes Egyptian independence with reserved powers.
Reparations
France is willing to accept raw material instead of currency for German reparations
Coronation
Sultan Fuad I is crowned king of Egypt. England recognizes Egypt
Independence of Egypt
Sultan Fuad I is crowned king of Egypt. England recognizes Egypt
Independence of Great Britain
Sultan Fuad I is crowned king of Egypt. England recognizes Egypt
Rule of Egypt
Sultan Fuad I is crowned king of Egypt. England recognizes Egypt
Rule of Kars
Under a pact between Russia & Turkey the Kars region becomes part of Turkey
Indian National Congress
While Gandhi is in prison the Indian National Congress spinters into 2 factions, one led by Chitta Ranjan Das and Motilal Nehru favouring participation in the legislatures, the other led by Chakravarti Rajagopalachari and Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel
Indian National Congress
While Gandhi is in prison the Indian National Congress spinters into 2 factions, one led by Chitta Ranjan Das and Motilal Nehru favouring participation in the legislatures, the other led by Chakravarti Rajagopalachari and Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel
Indian National Congress
While Gandhi is in prison the Indian National Congress spinters into 2 factions, one led by Chitta Ranjan Das and Motilal Nehru favouring participation in the legislatures, the other led by Chakravarti Rajagopalachari and Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel
Indian National Congress
While Gandhi is in prison the Indian National Congress spinters into 2 factions, one led by Chitta Ranjan Das and Motilal Nehru favouring participation in the legislatures, the other led by Chakravarti Rajagopalachari and Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel
Arrest of Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi
While Gandhi is in prison the Indian National Congress spinters into 2 factions, one led by Chitta Ranjan Das and Motilal Nehru favouring participation in the legislatures, the other led by Chakravarti Rajagopalachari and Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel. Imprisoned after the Chauri Chaura incident. Begins his sentence, serves about two years of the sentence, being released in February 1924 after an operation for appendicitis
Indian National Congress
While Gandhi is in prison the Indian National Congress spinters into 2 factions, one led by Chitta Ranjan Das and Motilal Nehru favouring participation in the legislatures, the other led by Chakravarti Rajagopalachari and Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel
Occupation
President Harding orders the US. troops back from the Rhineland
President Harding orders the US
President Harding orders the US. troops back from the Rhineland
Arrest of Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi
A British court sentences Mahatma Gandhi to 6 years in prison
Trial
A British court sentences Mahatma Gandhi to 6 years in prison
Pyrmont Joins Prussia
Heads the Prussian government when Pyrmont is incorporated into Prussia and assigned to the Province of Hanover.
Reichstag Reparations Speech
Addresses the Reichstag on reparations and German foreign policy shortly before the Genoa Conference.
Emergency Budget
Secures Reichstag approval of the emergency budget for 1922 while deputies debate Allied reparations demands.
Food Ministry Appointment
Joins Wirth's cabinet as Minister for Food and Agriculture after Andreas Hermes moves to the Finance Ministry.
New Economic Policy
Relaxes the NEP at the 10th Party Congress after peasant disturbances
April 192222 historical events
Death of Charles I
Death of Charles I, dies of pneumonia
Transfer of Government Functions
Oversees finance as administrative functions are transferred to the Provisional Government.
Birth of Elmer Bernstein
Elmer Bernstein, movie music composer is born in NYC
Genoa Agenda Cabinet Meeting
Meets Wirth and senior ministers to review Germany's agenda and negotiating position for the forthcoming Genoa Conference.
Einstein-Bergson Time Debate
Debates Henri Bergson over the meaning of time, confronting philosophical objections to the operational treatment of simultaneity in special relativity.
Genoa Conference
Leads the German government delegation as the Genoa Conference opens with representatives from 34 countries.
Conference of Genoa
Represents Germany at the Genoa Conference, where European economic reconstruction and relations with Soviet Russia dominate negotiations.
Gold Exchange Standard
Horne supports international plans for central-bank cooperation and economical use of monetary gold.
Genoa Conference
The Genoa Conference endorses a gold-exchange standard using reserve currencies alongside gold.
Birth of Julius Kambarage Nyerere
Birth of Julius Kambarage Nyerere
Reballion of Irish Republic
Irish Republic rebels occupy 4 Government courts in Dublin
Treaty of Rapallo
Signs the Treaty of Rapallo alongside Foreign Minister Rathenau, restoring diplomatic relations with Soviet Russia.
Treaty of Rapallo
Signs the Treaty of Rapallo, restoring German-Soviet diplomatic relations and mutually renouncing war-related financial claims.
Rapallo Negotiations
Plays a leading Foreign Office role in the German-Soviet negotiations that produce the Treaty of Rapallo.
Birth of Kingsley Amiss
Kingsley Amis, novelist and poet, is born
A German Treaty
A German Treaty is signed in Italy, recognizes the Soviet Union
Treaty of Russia
A German Treaty is signed in Italy, recognizes the Soviet Union
Rapallo Cabinet Review
Reviews the diplomatic consequences of the Rapallo agreement with cabinet ministers two days after its signature.
Reparations White Book
His government publishes documents explaining German reparations policy from May 1921 through March 1922.
Dr Mabuse the Gambler
Premiere of Dr Mabuse, der Spieler in Berlin.
Genoa Gold Exchange Resolution
The Genoa Conference endorses an international gold-exchange standard intended to economise monetary gold while rebuilding fixed exchange-rate relationships after the war.
Paris Relativity Lecture Series
Presents relativity to French scientific audiences during a highly publicised Paris visit, explaining both the special theory and the geometric theory of gravitation.
May 19226 historical events
Polish Corridor Agreement
Serves as Foreign Minister when Germany ratifies an agreement simplifying rail traffic through the Polish Corridor.
Hitler Youth
The inaugural meeting of the Hitler Youth
Genoa Plenary Address
Addresses the plenary session of the Genoa Conference on Germany's economic and international position.
Birth of Christopher Lee
Birth of Christopher Lee
Siege of Odessa
Stalin signs an instruction of the Revo-lutionary Military Council of the South-Western Front to the Command of the Thirteenth and Fourteenth Armies on measures for the defense of Odessa
Civil War
Faces military rebellion during the Paraguayan civil war.
June 192231 historical events
Prime Minister
Takes office as Prime Minister of Finland and forms a government in Helsinki.
Government Ends
His government ends in Helsinki, concluding this term as Prime Minister of Finland.
Election
Wins a good majority
Siege of Kiev
Stalin signs an instruction of the Revolutionary Military Council of the South-Western Front to the Commander of the First Cavalry Army to demolish the Kiev group of the Polish armies
Assassination Attempt
Survives a right-wing assassination attempt using prussic acid, reflecting the continuing campaign of political violence against republican leaders.
Arrest of Adolf Hitler
Says "2,000 yrs ago the mob of Jerusalem dragged a man to execution in just this way"
Execution
Says "2,000 yrs ago the mob of Jerusalem dragged a man to execution in just this way"
Stuttgart Foreign Policy Speech
Addresses representatives from several political parties on Germany's foreign policy and reparations difficulties.
Birth of Judy Garland
Birth of Judy Garland
German Society Address
Speaks before the German Society of 1914 about foreign policy, national reconstruction and Germany's international position.
Election
The Irish election produces a large majority for the pro-treaty party
Constituent Assembly Plans
Kerensky continues political activity connected with constituent assembly plans.
Birth of Aage Bohr
Aage Niels Bohr is born in Copenhagen, later becoming a leading nuclear theorist and collaborator in the development of the collective model of the nucleus.
Final Reichstag Speech
Addresses the Reichstag on foreign policy three days before his assassination.
Rathenau Murder Address
Addresses the Reichstag after Rathenau's murder and condemns the political forces encouraging anti-republican violence.
Assassination of Walther Rathenau
Is assassinated by members of the right-wing Organisation Consul while travelling from his Grunewald home to the Foreign Office.
Reichstag Crisis after Rathenau
Presides over an angry Reichstag session after Rathenau's murder and repeatedly calls deputies to maintain parliamentary order.
President of Venezuela
Appointed President of Venezuela, 2nd term
Foreign Ministry Assumed
Temporarily takes responsibility for the Foreign Office after Rathenau's assassination.
Republic Protection Bill
As Justice Minister, helps prepare legislation converting emergency anti-extremist measures into a permanent Law for the Protection of the Republic.
Republic Protection Decree
Issues emergency measures under Article 48 against anti-republican organizations, propaganda and political violence following Rathenau's assassination.
Prime Minister of Poland
Appointed Prime Minister of Poland
Reballion of Rebels in Dublin
The Irish Government attacks the Republicans who surrender 3 days later. Civil war continues for a year
European Chinese Communist Youth Organisation
Helps organise a communist youth organisation among Chinese activists in Europe and takes responsibility for propaganda work.
Yongfeng Crisis
Travels to Guangdong to assist Sun Yat-sen after Chen Jiongming’s revolt forces Sun onto the gunboat Yongfeng.
Free State
Under Collins supervision, the Free State rapidly takes control of the capital. Leads to the Irish Civil War as fighting breaks out in Dublin between the anti-Treaty IRA and the Free State troops
IRA
Leads to the Irish Civil War as fighting breaks out in Dublin between the anti-Treaty IRA and the Free State troops
National Army
Collins lays down responsibilities as Chairman of the Provisional Government to become Commander in Chief of the National Army, a formal, structured, uniformed army that formed around the nucleus of the pro-Treaty IRA
Provisional Government
Collins lays down responsibilities as Chairman of the Provisional Government to become Commander in Chief of the National Army, a formal, structured, uniformed army that formed around the nucleus of the pro-Treaty IRA
Siege of Dublin
Under Collins supervision, the Free State rapidly takes control of the capital
Siege of Four Courts
The British forces Collins to take action against the Four Courts men, Collins borrows two 18 pounder artillery pieces from the British and bombards the Four Courts until its garrison surrenders. Leads to the Irish Civil War as fighting breaks out in Dublin between the anti-Treaty IRA and the Free State troops
July 192222 historical events
Congress of CCP
CCP Congress in Shanghai, Mao is absent
Reichsrat Republic Law Approval
Sees the Reichsrat approve the government's revised protection legislation before the bill moves to the Reichstag.
Nansen Passport
Promotes identity documents for stateless refugees.
Eastern Upper Silesia Transfer
Heads the government as eastern Upper Silesia is transferred to Poland following the postwar settlement.
Irish Army Council
The Irish Army Council is founded under the leadership of Michael Collins
Prime Minister of Poland
Appointed Prime Minister of Poland
Prime Minister of Poland
Appointed Prime Minister of Poland
Republic Protection Law Passed
Sees the Reichstag pass the Republic Protection Law with the two-thirds majority required for its exceptional constitutional provisions.
Law for Protection of Republic
His government secures the Law for the Protection of the Republic after Rathenau's murder and a wider campaign of political violence.
State Court for Republic
The new protection law creates a special State Court to hear serious anti-republican offences.
Republic Protection Law Enacted
Promulgates the Law for the Protection of the Republic, strengthening penalties and powers against anti-republican organizations.
Birth of Mary Isobel Mollie Sugden
Birth of Mary Isobel Mollie Sugden
Capture of Limerick
Free State troops capture Waterford & Limerick from anti-treaty rebels
Capture of Waterford
Free State troops capture Waterford & Limerick from anti-treaty rebels
Free State
Free State troops capture Waterford & Limerick from anti-treaty rebels
Mandate Confirmation
League approval confirms French mandates in Syria and Lebanon.
Mandate Confirmation
League approval confirms British mandates in the Middle East.
State Railways Transfer Law
Oversees transport policy as legislation implements the transfer of state railways into the national railway system.
Mark Depreciation
Confronts a sharp fall in the mark as confidence weakens after Rathenau's assassination and reparations uncertainty intensifies.
Siege of Munster
Collins, along with Richard Mulcahy and Eoin ODuffy decide on a series of seaborne landings into republican held areas that re-takes Munster and the west in July-August 1922
Siege of Munster
Collins, along with Richard Mulcahy and Eoin ODuffy decide on a series of seaborne landings into republican held areas that re-takes Munster and the west in July-August 1922
Siege of Munster
Collins, along with Richard Mulcahy and Eoin ODuffy decide on a series of seaborne landings into republican held areas that re-takes Munster and the west in July-August 1922
August 192221 historical events
Alliance Chinese Communist Party and Kuomintang
The CCP decides to collaborate with the Kuomingtang, the Nationalist Party of China
London Reparations Conference
His government confronts French demands for productive pledges during Allied discussions on Germany's reparations position.
Republican Education Guidelines
Publishes guidance encouraging schools and universities to support civic education in the democratic republican state.
Deutschlandlied National Anthem
Declares the Deutschlandlied Germany's national anthem during Constitution Day celebrations.
Speech
Condemns the Law for the Protection of the Republic
Death of Michael Collins
Is killed in an ambush while serving as chairman of the Provisional Government.
Assassination of Michael John "Mick" Collins
The ambush party, allegedly commanded by Liam Deasy, had mostly dispersed to a nearby pub by 8pm, when Collins and his men returned to Beal na mBlath but the remaining five ambushers open fire on the convoy
Assassination of Michael John "Mick" Collins
The ambush party, allegedly commanded by Liam Deasy, had mostly dispersed to a nearby pub by 8pm, when Collins and his men returned to Beal na mBlath but the remaining five ambushers open fire on the convoy
Provisional Government Succession
Succeeds Michael Collins as chairman of the Provisional Government.
RAF Enlistment
Enlists in the Royal Air Force under the name John Hume Ross.
Assassination of Michael John "Mick" Collins
In Cork city, Collins meets neutral IRA men Sean Hegarty and Florrie ODonoghue, with a view to contacting Anti-Treaty IRA leaders Tom Barry and Tom Hales to propose a truce
IRA
In Cork city, Collins meets neutral IRA men Sean Hegarty and Florrie ODonoghue, with a view to contacting Anti-Treaty IRA leaders Tom Barry and Tom Hales to propose a truce
Neutrality
In Cork city, Collins meets neutral IRA men Sean Hegarty and Florrie ODonoghue, with a view to contacting Anti-Treaty IRA leaders Tom Barry and Tom Hales to propose a truce
Assassination of Michael John "Mick" Collins
In Cork city, Collins meets neutral IRA men Sean Hegarty and Florrie ODonoghue, with a view to contacting Anti-Treaty IRA leaders Tom Barry and Tom Hales to propose a truce
IRA
In Cork city, Collins meets neutral IRA men Sean Hegarty and Florrie ODonoghue, with a view to contacting Anti-Treaty IRA leaders Tom Barry and Tom Hales to propose a truce
Neutrality
In Cork city, Collins meets neutral IRA men Sean Hegarty and Florrie ODonoghue, with a view to contacting Anti-Treaty IRA leaders Tom Barry and Tom Hales to propose a truce
Assassination of Michael John "Mick" Collins
In Cork city, Collins meets neutral IRA men Sean Hegarty and Florrie ODonoghue, with a view to contacting Anti-Treaty IRA leaders Tom Barry and Tom Hales to propose a truce. Collins travels to his native Cork, against the advice of his companions, despite suffering from stomach ache and depression, Collins reputedly told his comrades that "They wouldnt shoot me in my own county"
IRA
In Cork city, Collins meets neutral IRA men Sean Hegarty and Florrie ODonoghue, with a view to contacting Anti-Treaty IRA leaders Tom Barry and Tom Hales to propose a truce
Neutrality
In Cork city, Collins meets neutral IRA men Sean Hegarty and Florrie ODonoghue, with a view to contacting Anti-Treaty IRA leaders Tom Barry and Tom Hales to propose a truce
General Strike
The Socialists call a General Strike & Mussolini embarks on strike breaking
Strike
The Socialists call a General Strike & Mussolini embarks on strike breaking
September 192210 historical events
Third Dail Government
Becomes President of Dail Eireann as the provisional and Dail administrations are brought together.
September Revolution
Military officers establish a revolutionary committee after the Asia Minor defeat.
Strike
Mao leads An-Yuan miners on strike
Transjordan Mandate
The Council of the League of Nations approved the British memorandum applying Article 25 of the Palestine Mandate to Transjordan. This permitted a separate administrative system and the withholding of specified mandate provisions east of the Jordan.
Fordney-McCumber Tariff
The tariff raises duties on many agricultural and manufactured imports.
Wallal Eclipse Relativity Test
A total solar eclipse expedition at Wallal obtains measurements of gravitational light deflection that provide another observational test of Einstein's relativity prediction.
Abdication
Abdicates for the 2nd time after the Greek defeat by Turkey
Second Abdication of Constantine I
Constantine abdicates following the military revolution and leaves Greece.
Accession of George II
George II succeeds Constantine I during the revolutionary crisis.
Transjordan Mandate
The League-approved settlement gave Abdullah a clearer legal framework for governing Transjordan. His government exercised local executive responsibilities while Britain remained internationally accountable for the mandate.
October 192235 historical events
Birth of John Jock Stein
Birth of John "Jock" Stein
First Svehla Government
Begins the First Svehla Government in Prague and serves as Prime Minister of Czechoslovakia.
Benes Government
The Benes Government ends in Prague, concluding this term as Prime Minister of Czechoslovakia.
Alchohol
A supreme court decision to ban alcohol at sea is approved by President Harding
Legislation
A supreme court decision to ban alcohol at sea is approved by President Harding
President of Argentina
Appointed President of Argentina
Coronation at Alba Iulia
Ferdinand is crowned king of Greater Romania at Alba Iulia.
Reballion of plan for
The fascist leadership agrees on a plan for insurrection
Carlton Club
Among the Conservatives who decide to leave the coaltion Government by 188 to 85 votes
Election
The Conservative Party decides to contest the election independently of the coaltion
Election
The Conservatives decide to contest the election independently of the coalition
Resignation of David Lloyd George
Resigns as Prime Minister
Prime Minister of Great Britain
Appointed Prime Minister of Great Britain
March on Rome
Demands a fascist Government or threatens to march on Rome
Reballion of fascist plan for
The fascist plan for insurrection is made known at a mass meeting. Demands a fascist Government or threatens to march on Rome
Reballion of fascist plan for
The fascist plan for insurrection is made known at a mass meeting
Presidential Election Postponed
Supports extending Friedrich Ebert's presidential term until June 1925 rather than holding a divisive election amid political instability.
Presidential Term Extension
His presidential term is extended until June 1925, postponing a direct presidential election during a period of political tension.
Reballion of Rebels in Rome
Rejects a request by the Army Commander, General Pugliese, to impose martial law
Declaration of Measures Safety
Signed by the Facta Cabinet, orders Royal guards & Carabinieri to prevent disturbances
Resignation of Luigi Facta
Fails to get Victor Emmanuel to agree to martial law & resigns
Committee of Action
The Committee of Action is formed in Milan which becomes the fascist HQ
Coup
The PNF is the main agent of an attempted coup, the March on Rome
March on Rome
The PNF is the main agent of an attempted coup, the March on Rome
PNF
The PNF is the main agent of an attempted coup, the March on Rome
Reballion of Believes fascist
Believes fascist revolt can ended in a few hours but the King refuses to use the Army
Reballion of put down the
Advises the King to use the Army to put down the rebellion but the King refuses
Martial Law
Agrees to declare a state of emergency & use the army to impose martial law
State of Emergency
Agrees to declare a state of emergency & use the army to impose martial law
Reballion of Believes the fascist
Believes the fascist revolt can be put down but the King refuses to use the Army
Dictatorship
Makes himself a dictator after the murder of Matteotti
Siege of Rome
The "black shirt" army enters Rome without any opposition
Prime Minister of Italy
Appointed Prime Minister of Italy by Victor Emmanuel
Indian Imperial Police
Joins the Indian Imperial Police in Burma.
Election
Labour come 2nd with 138 seats
November 192238 historical events
Constitution of Turkey
Following the deposition of his cousin the Sultanate is abolished
Sultanate
Following the deposition of his cousin the Sultanate is abolished
Birth of Yitzhak Rabin
Birth of Yitzhak Rabin
Nobel Award Announced for Photoelectric Law
The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences announced Einstein as the recipient of the reserved 1921 Nobel Prize in Physics, emphasizing his discovery of the law of the photoelectric effect.
Phantom
Directs Phantom.
Government Ends
His government ends in Helsinki, concluding this term as Prime Minister of Finland.
Prime Minister
Takes office as Prime Minister of Finland and forms a government in Helsinki.
Government Formation Consultations
Conducts consultations during the coalition crisis that follows the SPD refusal to join a broader government with the DVP.
Grand Coalition Rejected
Leads an SPD opposed to enlarging the governing coalition by admitting the DVP, contributing to the collapse of Wirth's cabinet.
President of Brazil
Appointed President of Brazil
BBC Station 5IT
Birmingham's 5IT station begins regular radio broadcasting.
Warwick and Leamington
Stands for Parliament in Warwick and Leamington during the general election
General Election
Wins Nelson and Colne for Labour and enters the House of Commons.
Election
The Conservatives win 38.5% of votes cast & 344 MPs. Leads the Conservatives to an overall victory of 75 in the general election
NSDAP Ban in Prussia
Orders the NSDAP banned throughout Prussia under republic-protection measures because of its anti-republican agitation and violent political activity.
Caliphate
The Crown Prince is elected Caliph by the Turkish National Assembly at Ankara
National Assembly
The Crown Prince is elected Caliph by the Turkish National Assembly at Ankara
Succession
The Crown Prince is elected Caliph by the Turkish National Assembly at Ankara
Resignation of Joseph Wirth
Leaves office after the coalition crisis and the formation of Wilhelm Cuno's minority government.
Chancellor of Germany
Becomes Chancellor and forms a bourgeois minority cabinet including DDP, DVP, Centre and BVP ministers.
Defence Ministry Continued
Remains Defence Minister under Cuno, preserving continuity in civilian oversight of the Reichswehr.
Economics Minister Appointment
Becomes Economics Minister in Cuno's minority government.
Finance Ministry Continued
Remains Finance Minister when Wilhelm Cuno forms his cabinet, maintaining continuity during the currency and reparations crisis.
Foreign Minister Appointment
Joins Cuno's cabinet as Foreign Minister, taking responsibility for diplomacy during the reparations crisis.
Interior Minister Appointment
Becomes Interior Minister in the new Cuno government.
Justice Minister Appointment
Becomes Justice Minister in Cuno's cabinet.
Labour Ministry Continued
Remains Labour Minister under Cuno, continuing one of the longest ministerial tenures of the Weimar Republic.
Postal Minister Appointment
Becomes Postal Minister in the Cuno cabinet.
Reich Chancellery State Secretary
Becomes State Secretary of the Reich Chancellery when Wilhelm Cuno forms his government.
Transport Ministry Continued
Remains Transport Minister when the Cuno government takes office.
Treasury Minister Appointment
Joins Cuno's government as Treasury Minister during the worsening fiscal crisis.
Government Statement
Presents his government's program and adopts the previous cabinet's reparations note as the basis of policy.
Reparations Moratorium Policy
Adopts the previous government's request for a three-to-four-year reparations moratorium while seeking foreign credit and currency stabilization.
Colorado River Compact
The Colorado River Compact for construction of the Hoover Dam splits the river basin into upper and lower halves with the states within each region deciding how the water would be divided
Hoover Dam
The Colorado River Compact for construction of the Hoover Dam splits the river basin into upper and lower halves with the states within each region deciding how the water would be divided
Food Minister Appointment
Enters the Cuno cabinet as Minister for Food and Agriculture.
First Recorded Hansard Contribution
Makes his first recorded contribution in Hansard shortly after entering Parliament.
Gold Parity Restored in Practice
Sweden restores the krona to its former gold parity in practice as part of the gradual postwar reconstruction of convertibility.
December 192222 historical events
Prime Minister Appointed
Appointed Prime Minister of Albania
State Premiers Conference
Meets the minister-presidents of the German states as his new government coordinates national policy.
Birth of Jack Ashley
Birth of Jack Ashley
First Governor General
Begins service as the first Governor-General of the Irish Free State.
Constitution of Irish Free State
Takes office under the Constitution of the Irish Free State as head of the Executive Council.
Irish Free State Established
Heads the first Executive Council when the Irish Free State is formally established.
Atomic Structure Recognition
Gains recognition for applying quantum ideas to the structure of atoms.
Nobel Prize in Physics
Receives the physics prize for research on atomic structure and radiation.
Einstein Misses Stockholm Ceremony during Japan Journey
Einstein was travelling in Asia when the 1921 Physics Prize was presented in Stockholm, so he did not attend the December ceremony honouring his photoelectric work.
Nobel Prize in Literature
Is awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature for continuing the traditions of Spanish drama.
Versailles Protest
Represents the trade-union movement during a nationwide protest highlighting the social and economic consequences attributed to the Versailles settlement.
Economic Council Address
Addresses the Provisional Reich Economic Council as the government seeks support for stabilization and reparations policy.
Kyoto Relativity Lecture
Explains how he developed the theory of relativity in a lecture at Kyoto University.
Assassination of Gabriel Narutowicz
Assassinated by a nationalist fanatic
Death of Gabriel Narutowicz
Death of Gabrie Narutowicz, assassinated
Assassination of Gabriel Narutowicz
Forms a cabinet of pacification after the assassination of Narutowicz
Government
Forms a cabinet of pacification after the assassination of Narutowicz
Prime Minister of Poland
Appointed Prime Minister of Poland, 1st term
Economic Crisis Review
His government reviews a detailed memorandum on Germany's deteriorating economic position near the end of 1922.
Film
Birth of Ava Lavinia Gardner
Reparations Default Finding
Faces a Reparation Commission finding that Germany has failed to make required deliveries to France.
Reparations Diplomacy
Directs foreign policy as the Reparation Commission declares Germany deficient in required deliveries to France.
Prime Minister of Albania
Appointed Prime Minister of Albania
Birth of Antonio Agostinho Neto
Birth of Antonio Agostinho Neto
New Guinea Mandate
Australia administers New Guinea under League mandate.
Chancellor
Appointed Chancellor of Austria, 1st term
Treaty of L ny with Czechoslovakia
Concludes the Treaty of L ny with Czechoslovakia, although this brought about the downfall of his Government as the Pan-Germans saw agreements with Czechoslovakia as a bar to a future union with Germany
Treaty of Lany
Concludes the Treaty of L ny with Czechoslovakia, although this brought about the downfall of his Government as the Pan-Germans saw agreements with Czechoslovakia as a bar to a future union with Germany
President of Austria
Appointed President of Austria, 2nd term
Tractatus Logicophilosophicus
Publication of "Tractatus Logicophilosophicus"
Zurich Thermodynamics Research
Works on thermodynamics, statistical mechanics and the specific heats of solids during his early years at Zurich.
President of China
Appointed President of China, northern Government
Joins Chinese Communist Party
Joins the Chinese Communist Party while active among Chinese revolutionaries in Europe.
Communist Party
Founds a branch of the Communist Party in France
Communist Party
Appointed Member of Chinese Communist Party
Comintern
The Chinese Communist Party joins the Comintern
Party Leader
Appointed Party Leader of the Communist Party
Capture of China
Defeated by Wu & the Chihli faction & forced back into Manchuria
The Absolute At Large
Publication of "The Absolute At Large"
Nobel Prize
Receives the Nobel Prize in Physics for investigations of atomic structure and the radiation emitted by atoms.
Hafnium Discovery Confirms Prediction
Sees the discovery of hafnium by Dirk Coster and George de Hevesy support the placement of element 72 predicted from his atomic-structure theory.
Prediction of Element 72 Properties
Uses atomic theory to argue that element 72 should resemble zirconium rather than the rare-earth elements, directing attention toward zirconium-bearing minerals.
Minister of Justice
Appointed Minister of Justice
Reparations
Appointed President of the Reparation Commission
Occupation
Orders the French occupation of the Ruhr
Prime Minister of France
Appointed President of France, 2nd term
Prime Minister of France
Appointed Prime Minister of France, 2nd term
Siddhartha
Publication of "Siddhartha"
Painting
Paints, "War Wounded"
Reichswehr Army Command
Serves as Chief of the Army Command, exercising major influence over the Reichswehr during the Weimar Republic.
DNVP Leadership
Leads the nationalist DNVP, a major parliamentary opponent of the Weimar coalition and republican protection measures.
Defence Minister of Germany
Serves as Defence Minister throughout 1922, responsible for civilian political oversight of the Reichswehr.
Economics Minister of Germany
Serves as Economics Minister during the 1922 reparations and currency crisis.
Presidential Office
Heads the office of Reich President Ebert and coordinates presidential business during the political crises of 1922.
Interior Minister of Germany
Serves as Interior Minister in Wirth's government, handling domestic security and republican administration.
Justice Minister of Germany
Serves as Justice Minister during the political-violence crisis and the passage of republic-protection legislation.
Labour Minister of Germany
Continues as Labour Minister through both the Wirth and Cuno governments during 1922.
Prussian Minister-President
Heads the democratic Prussian government, an important institutional supporter of the Weimar Republic.
Postal Minister of Germany
Serves as Postal Minister in Wirth's cabinet until the November government change.
President of Reichstag
Serves as President of the Reichstag during a year marked by political murder, emergency legislation and coalition instability.
Prussian Interior Minister
Directs Prussian internal security and policing during a period of political extremism and republican self-defence.
SPD Chairman
Co-leads the SPD during its participation in Wirth's coalition and its return to opposition in November.
SPD Chairman
Co-leads the Social Democratic Party during the 1922 coalition disputes and reunification with most of the USPD.
Reich Chancellery Administration
Serves as State Secretary of the Reich Chancellery under Joseph Wirth until the November change of government.
Transport Minister of Germany
Serves as Transport Minister throughout 1922 and remains in office when Cuno forms his cabinet.
Vice Chancellor of Germany
Serves throughout most of 1922 as Vice Chancellor and Treasury Minister in Wirth's second cabinet.
Doctorate at Marburg
Gadamer completes his doctorate at Marburg with a dissertation on Plato.
Doctorate at Frankfurt
Horkheimer receives his doctorate from the University of Frankfurt.
Doctorate at Freiburg
Herbert Marcuse completed his doctorate at the University of Freiburg with research on the German literary artist novel.
Press
Takes over the publishing house of the Eher Verlag
Press
Founds Der Sturmer, anti-semitic newspaper. Founder of Die Sturmer, NAZI anti-semetic newspaper. Appointed Editor of Die Sturmer
Sturmer, Der
Founds Der Sturmer, anti-semitic newspaper. Founder of Die Sturmer, NAZI anti-semetic newspaper
Reichstag
Appointed National Chairman of the Reichstag
Party Leader
Appointed Party Leader of the Centre Party
Jungsturm Adolf Hitler
Founds the Jungsturm Adolf Hitler based in Munich, Bavaria, it trains and recruits future members of the Sturmabteilung (or "Storm Regiment"), the adult paramilitary wing of the NSDAP
Sturmabteilung (SA)
Founds the Jungsturm Adolf Hitler based in Munich, Bavaria, it trains and recruits future members of the Sturmabteilung (or "Storm Regiment"), the adult paramilitary wing of the NSDAP
Arrest of Adolf Hitler
Released following reaction in Bavaria to 5 the Law for the Protection of the Republic
Coup
The Pittinger Putsch fails & Hitler decides to follow the example of Mussolini
International Agreement
Sends Ludecke to visit Mussolini in Italy where they agree on a wide range of ideas
Commander of SA
Appointed Supreme Commander of the Sturmabteilung
1st Meeting With Hitler
1st meets Hitler & joins the Nazi Party
Marriage
Marries Carin von Kantzow, a 29 yr old Swedish woman
NSDAP
Appointed Member of NSDAP
NSDAP
Appointed Member of NSDAP
NSDAP
Appointed Member of Nazi Party
President of Germany
Appointed President of the Union of German Rabbis
Union of German Rabbis
Appointed President of the Union of German Rabbis
Nobel Prize
Shares the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for discoveries concerning the relationship between oxygen consumption and lactic acid metabolism in muscle.
Photoelectric Law Highlighted in Nobel Citation
The Nobel citation singled out Einstein's quantitative law of the photoelectric effect, giving formal recognition to a result rooted in his 1905 light-quantum hypothesis.
Secret Air Training
Secret arrangements begin to preserve German military aviation knowledge after the First World War
Major
Appointed Major, serves in the office of the Chief of the Army
Fugal Overture
Composes, "The Perfect Fool". Composes, "Fugal Overture"
The Perfect Fool
Composes, "The Perfect Fool". Composes, "Fugal Overture"
Man and Maid
Publication of "Man & Maid"
Death of Erskine Childers
Death of Erskine Childers, executed by the Irish Free State
Execution
Executed by the Irish Free State
Free State
Executed by the Irish Free State. Death of Erskine Childers, executed by the Irish Free State
Jacob's Room
Publication of "Jacob's Room"
Discovery of Lysozyme
Discovers lysozyme, an antibacterial substance in saliva, blood, tears & nasal mucous
Death of Ernest Henry Shackleton
Death of Ernest Henry Shackleton
South Pole
Leads his 4th expedition to the South Pole but dies in South Georgia. Death of Ernest Henry Shackleton, coronary thrombosis
First Lord of Admiralty
Appointed First Lord of the Admiralty
Paymaster General
Appointed Paymaster General
Postmaster General
Appointed Postmaster General
Under Secretary
Appointed Permanent Under Secretary at the Home Office
Chancellor of the Exchequer
Appointed Chancellor of the Exchequer
Act of Union
The Act of Union passed in 1800 is revoked after the Irish Free State is constituted
Assassination of Wilson
Orders the Irish to attack the IRA after the assassination of Wilson, they refuse
Commonwealth
The Irish Free State will become part of the Commonwealth & be sovereign
Crisis
The Chanak crisis leads to the downfall of the Government
Free State
The Irish Free State will become part of the Commonwealth & be sovereign
Free State
The Act of Union passed in 1800 is revoked after the Irish Free State is constituted
IRA - Assassination
Government record concerning the IRA: Orders the Irish to attack the IRA after the assassination of Wilson, they refuse
IRA - Assassination
Historical IRA record under Coalition Government: Orders the Irish to attack the IRA after the assassination of Wilson, they refuse
IRA - Assassination
IRA context for David Lloyd George: Orders the Irish to attack the IRA after the assassination of Wilson, they refuse
IRA - IRA
Government record concerning the IRA: Orders the Irish to attack the IRA after the assassination of Wilson, they refuse
IRA - IRA
Historical IRA record under Coalition Government: Orders the Irish to attack the IRA after the assassination of Wilson, they refuse
IRA - IRA
IRA context for David Lloyd George: Orders the Irish to attack the IRA after the assassination of Wilson, they refuse
IRA
Orders the Irish to attack the IRA after the assassination of Wilson, they refuse
Independence of Great Britain
The Irish Free State will become part of the Commonwealth & be sovereign. The Irish agree the King should be Head of State
Independence of Ireland
The Irish Free State will become part of the Commonwealth & be sovereign. The Irish agree the King should be Head of State
Legislation
The Act of Union passed in 1800 is revoked after the Irish Free State is constituted
Reform of Irish Union
The Act of Union passed in 1800 is revoked after the Irish Free State is constituted
Election
Loses the party leadership because of his involvement in the Irish settlement of 1921
Peerage
Created Earl Balfour
Speech
o other British PM is intelectually as highly regarded. Delivers the Gifford lectures on "Theism & Thought"
Chief Whip
Appointed Chief Whip in the House of Lords
Board of Trade
Appointed President of the Board of Trade by Bonar Law
President of Board of Trade
Appointed President of the Board of Trade by Bonar Law
Attorney General
Appointed Lord Chancellor
Solicitor General
Appointed Solicitor General, 1st term
Election
Elected Member of Parliament, for Seaham at the 1922 general election
Member of Parliament
Elected Member of Parliament, for Seaham at the 1922 general election
Independent Overseas Marketing Expansion
Expands company-controlled marketing subsidiaries in Europe, Africa and Asia after the Shell agreement expires.
Shell Marketing Agreement Expires
The ten-year Shell marketing arrangement expires, allowing Anglo-Persian to expand its own international sales network.
Cadman Becomes Company Director
Becomes a director as Anglo-Persian strengthens its technical and managerial organization.
Marriage
Attends the wedding of King Alexander of Yugoslavia as his "sponsor"
Member of Parliament
Elected Member of Parliament for Colne Valley
Miners' Agent Work
Works in miners' politics and local Labour organisation.
Member of Parliament
Elected Member of Parliament for Aberavon
Party Leader
Appointed Party Leader of the Labour Party, 2nd term. Appointed Party Leader of the Labour Party
Election
Elected Member of Parliament for Limehouse in Stepney
Member of Parliament
Elected Member of Parliament for Limehouse in Stepney
Parliament
Elected Member of Parliament for Limehouse in Stepney
Parliamentary Private Secretary
Serves as Ramsay MacDonald's Parliamentary Private Secretary for the 1922 Parliament
Election
Labour increases its MPs from 52 to 142
General
Appointed General Secretary of the Transport & General Workers Union
TGWU
Negotiates the merger of 14 unions into the TGWU
Nobel Prize
Receives the Nobel Prize in Chemistry for discovering isotopes in many non-radioactive elements with the mass spectrograph and for formulating the whole-number rule.
The Philosophy of Humanism
Publication of "The Philosophy of Humanism"
Nobel Prize
Shares the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for discoveries concerning the production of heat in muscles during and after activity.
Gravitational Wave Propagation
Eddington analyses gravitational waves in general relativity and distinguishes physical transverse radiation from coordinate-dependent disturbances that do not represent propagating energy.
Hazelhurst School
Begins attending Hazelhurst preparatory school, where his letters already show a strong interest in mathematics, chemistry and invention.
First Postwar League Championship
David Ashworth guided Liverpool through much of the 1921–22 title-winning campaign before departing late in the season.
Transjordan Mandate
British policy established a distinct administration in Transjordan while retaining responsibility as mandatory power. The arrangement distinguished the emirate from the institutions governing Palestine west of the Jordan River.
Exile of Andrew
Andrew is banished for life and his family fled into exile aboard a British cruiser, HMS Calypso
Succession
Succeeds as King of Greece
Arrest of Andrew
Dissatisfaction with the war led to a coup during which Prince Andrew is arrested, court-martialled and found guilty of "disobeying an order" and "acting on his own initiative" during the Battle of Sakarya
Battle of Sakarya
Dissatisfaction with the war led to a coup d‚tat during which Prince Andrew is arrested, court-martialled and found guilty of "disobeying an order" and "acting on his own initiative" during the Battle of Sakarya
Coup
Dissatisfaction with the war led to a coup during which Prince Andrew is arrested, court-martialled and found guilty of "disobeying an order" and "acting on his own initiative" during the Battle of Sakarya
Exile of Andrew
Andrew is banished for life and his family fled into exile aboard a British cruiser, HMS Calypso
Greek Refugees
League agencies assist refugee settlement after the Asia Minor disaster.
Chauri Chaura
Suspends the Non-Cooperation Movement after the Chauri Chaura incident, fearing that the movement was about to take a turn towards violence, and convinced that this would be the undoing of all his work
President of India
Appointed President of the Indian National Congress
Swaraj Party
Helps found the Swaraj Party, Independence Party
Urea Stibamine
Upendranath Brahmachari develops urea stibamine, a treatment that greatly improves therapy for visceral leishmaniasis, or kala-azar.
Molecular Diffraction
C. V. Raman develops his molecular diffraction approach to explain how light is scattered by liquids.
Foreign Secretary of Iran
Appointed Foreign Minister
Independence of Iraq
British renamed the area Iraq and recognize it as a kingdom
Rule of Iraq
British renamed the area Iraq and recognize it as a kingdom
Ulysses
Publication of "Ulysses"
Dail Eireann
Griffith calls himself "President of Dail Eireann" rather than de Valeras more exalted "President of the Republic"
Election
Arthur Griffith defeats de Valera in the election and assumes the presidency
Election
Griffith calls himself "President of Dail Eireann" rather than de Valeras more exalted "President of the Republic"
Governor
Appointed Governor General
Constitution of Ireland
Arthur Griffith defeats de Valera in the vote and assumes the presidency, (Griffith calls himself "President of Dail Eireann" rather than de Valeras more exalted "President of the Republic"
Commander of Armed Forces
Appointed Commander of the Armed Forces
Head of State
Appointed Head of State for Ireland, for 10 days
Minister of Finance
Appointed Minister of Finance
Constitution of Ireland
The new Provisional Government is formed under Collins, who becomes "President of the Provisional Government"
Provisional Government
The new Provisional Government is formed under Collins, who becomes "President of the Provisional Government"
Anglo-Irish Agreement
De Valera joins the anti-treaty faction opposing the perceived concessions
March on Rome
Leads the fascists in the march on Rome
Death of Benedict XV
Death of Benedict XV, Giacomo della Chiesa
Doctorate in Physics
Receives his doctorate in physics from the University of Pisa after completing studies at the Scuola Normale Superiore.
Relativity Research
Publishes work on relativistic mechanics and electrodynamics during the period immediately following completion of his doctorate.
Siege of Ferrara
Leads armed fascist columns through the province of Ferrara
Siege of Ravenna
Leads armed fascist columns through the province of Ravenna
Reballion of Rebels in Bolzano
Allows fascist squads to attack Bolzano
Reballion of Rebels in Trent
Allows fascist squads to attack Trent
Siege of Bolzano
Allows fascist squads to attack Bolzano
Siege of Trent
Allows fascist squads to attack Trent
Demonstrations
The fascists attack Trent & Bolzano, the cabinet is divided over what action to take
Demonstrations
The fascists begin a rebellion at Fiume & instigate a administration at gun point
Reballion of Rebels in Fiume
The fascists begin a rebellion at Fiume & instigate a administration at gun point
Demonstrations
Allows fascist squads to attack Bolzano
Reballion of Rebels in Bolzano
Allows fascist squads to attack Bolzano
Kyoto Post Office
Constructs a Post Office at Kyoto
Treaty of Washington
A 9 power Treaty bans unilateral action against China & guarantees trade in Manchuria
Kakushin Kurabu Party
Founds the Kakushin Kurabu Party
Pacific Mandates
Japan administers former German Pacific islands under mandate.
Major
Appointed Major
Ikhwan Raids
Raids by Ikhwan forces from the Arabian Peninsula threatened Transjordan's settlements and compelled Abdullah's administration to reinforce frontier security.
Transjordan Memorandum
The League of Nations approved arrangements that distinguished Transjordan from the provisions of the Palestine Mandate concerning a Jewish national home.
Party Leader
Appointed Party Leader of the Anti-Revolutionary Party
Prime Minister of New Zealand
Appointed Prime Minister of New Zealand, 4th term
Samoa Mandate
New Zealand administers Western Samoa under League mandate.
Famine
Directs famine relief in Russia
Nobel Prize
Directs famine relief in Russia
President of Poland
Appointed President of Poland
Rule of Vilnius
The Poles capture the Lituanian capital of Vilnius & rule it until 1939
Intellectual Cooperation
Serves on the League committee for intellectual cooperation.
President of Poland
Appointed President of the World Zionist Executive
Kuratowski Closure Axioms
Formulates axioms characterizing topological closure operations.
Topological Closure Operator
Provides an abstract foundation for defining general topological spaces.
Banach Fixed-Point Theorem
Publishes the contraction principle for mappings on complete metric spaces.
Banach Space Foundations
Creates foundations for functional analysis and the spaces later named after him.
Contraction Mapping Principle
Establishes a widely used theorem proving existence and uniqueness of solutions.
Theory of Linear Operations
Develops a systematic theory of complete normed vector spaces.
Theory of Probability
Proves the strong Law of large numbers
Academy of Medicine
Is elected to the French Academy of Medicine.
Vilna Dispute
Poland resists League efforts over the Vilna dispute.
General
Appointed General
Succession
Succeeds as King of Romania, crownd King of greater Romania
My Sister Life
Publication of "My Sister Life"
Leon Drey
Publication of "Leon Drey"
Anno Domini
Publication of "Anno Domini"
Between Red and White
Publishes Between Red and White, examining revolution, counter-revolution and the national question in the Caucasus.
Gosplan
A new decree expands Gosoplan's role for both "long-term" and "immediate" plans for production
Gosplan
Gosplan is to be consulted regarding proposed economic and financial decrees submitted to the Council of Peoples Commissars by the Peoples Commissariat
New Economic Policy and World Revolution
Discusses the New Economic Policy of Soviet Russia and its relationship to the prospects for world revolution.
The Trade Unions and the Soviet State
Writes The Trade Unions and the Soviet State, discussing labor organizations under the new Soviet political system.
Armored Train 14-69
Publication of "Armored Train 14-69"
Cheka
The Secret Police, Cheka, becomes the OGPU
Comintern
World revolution is dismissed after the failures of the Spartacist uprising in Germany and of the Hungarian Soviet Republic, and the reflux of all revolutionary movements in Europe, such as in Italy, where the fascist squadristi gains control
Economy of Russia
A new decree expands Gosplan's purview, with the agency directed to compose both "long-term" and "immediate" plans of production, Gosplan is to be consulted regarding proposed economic and financial decrees submitted to the Council of Peoples Commissars by the various economic People's Commissariat
Economy of Russia
Gosplan has no power of compulsion in this early stage, but is forced to work through Sovnarkom, STO, or the People's Commissariats to have its suggestions implemented by decree.
Economy of Russia
Tension grows between Narkomfin and Gosplan throughout the NEP period, with Narkomfin advocating increased grain exports as a means of bolstering the currency by balancing imports and exports while simultaneously bolstering peasant prosperity, while Gosplan emerges as the chief advocate of cheap food and the
Economy of Russia
planned development of industry.
Gosplan
A new decree expands Gosoplan's role for both "long-term" and "immediate" plans for production
Gosplan
Gosplan is to be consulted regarding proposed economic and financial decrees submitted to the Council of Peoples Commissars by the Peoples Commissariat
Narkomfin
Tension grows between Narkomfin and Gosplan throughout the NEP period, with Narkomfin advocating increased grain exports as a means of bolstering the currency by balancing imports and exports while simultaneously bolstering peasant prosperity, while Gosplan emerges as the chief advocate of cheap food and the planned development of industry
OGPU
The Secret Police, Cheka, becomes the OGPU
Squadristi
World revolution is dismissed after the failures of the Spartacist uprising in Germany and of the Hungarian Soviet Republic, and the reflux of all revolutionary movements in Europe, such as in Italy, where the fascist squadristi gains control
Commissar
Appointed Commissar for Justice
General
Appointed General Secretary of the CPSU
Bolshevik Party
Decides SRs are guilty of trying to overthrow the Bolsheviks in 1919
Coup
Decides SRs are guilty of trying to overthrow the Bolsheviks in 1919
Trial
Holds SR death sentences open & have them executed if they undermine the Communists. Decides SRs are guilty of trying to overthrow the Bolsheviks in 1919
Election
Elected Member of Central Committee
Bolshevik Party
Appointed Member of Gosplan, a non-Bolshevik
Gosplan
Appointed Member of Gosplan, a non-Bolshevik
Politburo
Appointed Member of Politburo
Technical College Party Secretary
Becomes Communist Party secretary of the technical college while continuing his studies.
Workers' Faculty Studies
Enrolls in the workers' faculty attached to a technical college in Yuzovka.
Emigre Organising
Participates in Russian emigre political circles.
Five Years of the Russian Revolution
Reviews the first five years of Soviet power for the Communist International's Fourth World Congress.
On the United Front
Writes On the United Front, arguing for common working-class action while maintaining Communist political independence.
Comintern Executive
Works in the executive apparatus of the Communist International
Cosmology
Friedmann finds solutions of Einsteins equations that allow an expanding or contracting universe
Expanding Universe
Friedmann publishes relativistic equations that allow the universe to expand or contract
Friedmann Equations
Derives expanding-universe solutions of Einstein's field equations.
Siege of Vladivostok
Drives the Japanese out of Vladivostok
Aseer Campaign
Directs the campaign completing Saudi authority across Aseer.
Aseer Campaign
Leads a Saudi force that consolidates control around Abha.
South West Africa Mandate
South Africa administers South West Africa under League mandate.
Death of Jacob Louis van Deventer
Death of Jacob Louis van Deventer
Minister of War
Appointed Minister of War
El Debate
Appointed Editor of El Debate, Catholic newspaper
Marriage
Marries Herman Goering
Absorption Refrigerator
Co-develops an absorption refrigerator without moving mechanical parts.
Heat-Driven Refrigeration
Creates cooling driven by heat using a sealed circulating system.
League Delegate
Appointed Delegate to the League of Nations
Succession
Succeeds as Emperor of Turkey, the last Turkish Emperor
Pulitzer Prize
Winner of the Pullitzer Prize for "The Founding of New England"
Babbitt
Publication of "Babbitt"
The Waste Land
Publication of "The Waste Land"
Duke Ellington Orchestra
Jazz musician Duke Ellington moves to New York, forms band that ultimately becomes Duke Ellington Orchestra
Studies in The Theory of Human Society
Publication of "Studies in The Theory of Human Society"
Hoover Dam
A commission is formed with a representative from each of the Basin states and one from the Federal Government, the federal representative is Herbert Hoover, then Secretary of State for Commerce under President Warren Harding
Budget Reform
Leaves the Budget Bureau after establishing strict early budget procedures.
American Individualism
Publication of "American Individualism"
Diffuse Galactic Nebulae
Hubble publishes studies of diffuse galactic nebulae, establishing the association between many such nebulae and the stars responsible for their illumination.
Nova Z Centauri and NGC 5253
Edwin Hubble and Knut Lundmark publish a note linking the historical Nova Z Centauri of 1895 with NGC 5253, contributing to the study of novae observed in external stellar systems.
Source of Luminosity in Galactic Nebulae
Hubble publishes an extensive investigation of the source of luminosity in galactic nebulae, examining the relationship between nebular brightness and nearby illuminating stars.
Early Unified Field Program
Begins sustained attempts to combine gravitation and electromagnetism within a single field framework.
Japan Lecture Tour
Travels through Japan giving lectures and public talks on relativity and modern physics.
The Meaning of Relativity Published
Publishes The Meaning of Relativity from his Princeton lectures, giving a systematic account of special relativity, tensor methods, gravitation and cosmological applications.
The Meaning of Relativity
The Meaning of Relativity is published from the four lectures Einstein delivered at Princeton in May 1921.
Aircraft Radio Detection
Observes radio reflections from aircraft during naval experiments.
Aircraft Radio Detection
Works with Taylor on early aircraft detection by radio reflections.
Hydrocarbons Law
The government enacted a hydrocarbons law regulating concessions, taxation, and the expanding petroleum industry.
Marriage
Marries Marie of Romania
Succession
Succeeds as King of Kingdom of Serbs, Croats & Slovenes
The Judge
West published The Judge, a novel exploring gender, family obligations and moral judgment.
One of Ours
Cather published One of Ours, a novel about a Nebraskan serving in the First World War.
A Short History of the World
Wells published A Short History of the World for general readers.
Literary Recognition for Queen Victoria
Strachey's Queen Victoria consolidated his standing as an innovator in modern biography.
Baldwin Challenges Coalition Continuation
Stanley Baldwin argues that continued reliance on Lloyd George risks undermining the independence of the Conservative Party.
Baldwin Addresses Carlton Club Members
Baldwin delivers a decisive speech against renewing the Conservative partnership with Lloyd George at the parliamentary party meeting.
Baldwin Warns of Coalition Dependence
Baldwin warns colleagues that the political force of Lloyd George could overwhelm the identity of their own party.
Baldwin Supports Independent Election Campaign
Baldwin backs the proposal that Conservatives should contest the impending election under their own programme.
Baldwin Emerges as Conservative Leader Figure
Baldwin gains prominence after the Carlton Club division brings the coalition era to an abrupt end.
Baldwin Backs Separate Conservative Government
Baldwin supports forming a Conservative administration after his party rejects continued cooperation with Lloyd George.
Baldwin Enters Bonar Law Cabinet
Baldwin becomes Chancellor of the Exchequer in Bonar Law's new Conservative government following the coalition's collapse.
Chamberlain Defends Coalition Strategy
Austen Chamberlain argues that Conservatives should continue their partnership with Prime Minister David Lloyd George.
Chamberlain Addresses Party Meeting
As Conservative leader, Chamberlain sets out the case for retaining the coalition before parliamentary colleagues vote.
Chamberlain Loses Coalition Division
Chamberlain's preferred course is defeated when Conservative members vote to fight the next election independently.
Chamberlain Resigns Conservative Leadership
Chamberlain relinquishes the leadership after the Carlton Club decision repudiates his policy of continuing the coalition.
Chamberlain Declines Bonar Law Ministry
Chamberlain remains outside the new Conservative government, reflecting the division between former coalition supporters and their opponents.
Chamberlain Faction Loses Party Control
The Carlton Club decision displaces the Conservative leadership group most strongly associated with keeping Lloyd George in office.
Law Speaks Against Coalition Renewal
Bonar Law supports Conservative independence during the crucial discussion over the future of the coalition.
Law Returns to Conservative Leadership
Bonar Law returns to the party leadership following Austen Chamberlain's defeat and resignation.
Law Invited to Form Government
King George V asks Bonar Law to form a government after Lloyd George leaves office.
Law Forms Conservative Ministry
Bonar Law assembles a Conservative administration without the Liberal coalition partner whose leadership had dominated the previous government.
Law Calls General Election
Bonar Law moves to seek a fresh electoral mandate following the Conservative decision to govern independently.
Law Wins Conservative Majority
The Conservatives secure a majority in the general election, vindicating the decision to campaign separately from Lloyd George.
Law Announces Independent Conservative Programme
The new prime minister leads the Conservatives into an election on their own political platform rather than a coalition agreement.
Coalition Support Withdrawn
Lloyd George loses the Conservative support on which his coalition administration depends after the Carlton Club vote.
Lloyd George Resigns Premiership
Lloyd George resigns as prime minister after the Conservatives decide not to sustain the coalition government.
Coalition Era Ends
The fall of Lloyd George's administration ends the coalition arrangement that had governed Britain since the First World War.
Lloyd George Faces Conservative Revolt
Conservative MPs openly reject continued participation in his government despite the arguments of their established leadership.
Lloyd George Leaves Downing Street
The outgoing prime minister relinquishes office as Bonar Law prepares an entirely Conservative ministry.
Curzon Supports Coalition Continuity
Lord Curzon is associated with the senior Conservative leadership that favours preserving the existing governmental partnership.
Curzon Remains Foreign Secretary
Curzon continues as foreign secretary in the Conservative government formed by Bonar Law after the coalition collapses.
Birkenhead Champions Coalition
Lord Birkenhead is a prominent supporter of continuing the Conservatives' alliance with Lloyd George.
Birkenhead Opposes Break With Liberals
Birkenhead aligns himself with senior Conservatives resisting the movement to end the governing coalition.
Birkenhead Excluded From New Cabinet
Birkenhead does not continue in office under Bonar Law after the Conservatives abandon the coalition.
King Accepts Lloyd George Resignation
George V receives the resignation of Lloyd George following the Conservative rejection of the coalition.
King Appoints Bonar Law
George V appoints Bonar Law prime minister after the governing alliance breaks apart.
Conservative Independents Demand Change
Conservative advocates of party independence strengthen the challenge to the coalition as the October crisis unfolds.
Conservative Majority Changes Government Direction
The election victory gives the independent Conservative administration a parliamentary basis without Liberal coalition partners.
Meeting Voting Cards Preserved
Voting cards from the Carlton Club division are preserved in the papers of Conservative politician J C C Davidson.
Conservative Parliamentary Party Divides
The meeting records a decisive majority against continuing the coalition, although published totals differ between accounts.
Carlton Vote Reshapes Party Direction
The parliamentary Conservative Party decides to contest the election under its own leader and programme.
Law Gains Authority After Meeting
Bonar Law emerges from the debate as the preferred leader of Conservatives seeking independence from Lloyd George.
Law Replaces Coalition Administration
The new Conservative prime minister succeeds Lloyd George after his supporters win the argument against a renewed coalition.
Law Returns to Political Leadership
Bonar Law reemerges as the leading alternative to the Conservative supporters of Lloyd George's coalition.
Law Becomes Prime Minister
Bonar Law succeeds Lloyd George and becomes prime minister in October after the Carlton Club decision.
Law Forms Majority Government
The Conservatives win a Commons majority under Bonar Law in the November general election.
Law Chooses Conservative Cabinet
Bonar Law appoints ministers for an independent Conservative government following the end of the coalition.
Law Addresses Postwar Economy
His government confronts unemployment and difficult public finances in the unsettled postwar economy.