1925
A New Beginning
Published with an editorial written by Hitler, "a new beginning". Hitler confirms the party constitution 1st proclaimed in 1921
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Browse historical records dated to 1925. Records are rendered from the World History Database into this page's initial HTML.
Published with an editorial written by Hitler, "a new beginning". Hitler confirms the party constitution 1st proclaimed in 1921
Has Parliament depose Ahmad Shah Qajar
Appointed Regent
Supports legislation recognizing Afrikaans as an official language.
Speaks on the Agricultural Rates Continuance Bill and its effect on public finance.
Establishes a political & economic alliance with Russia
Begins the Aloys Van de Vyvere Government in Brussels and serves as Prime Minister of Belgium.
Presents the Andromeda Cepheid evidence to the astronomical community, establishing M31 as a separate galaxy and greatly enlarging the known scale of the universe.
Is appointed Arsenal manager and begins the period that transforms the club into a major English force.
Article Eight establishes a League Council procedure governing any eventual termination of the pact.
Article Four requires an alleged violation of the pact or Rhineland clauses to be brought before the League Council.
The guarantor powers agree to assist the victim after the League Council determines that a covered violation has occurred.
Article One guarantees the territorial status quo on Germany's frontiers with France and Belgium.
Article Three requires unresolved German disputes with France and Belgium to be settled through peaceful procedures.
Article Two places the same non-aggression obligation on Belgium and Germany.
Article Two commits France and Germany not to attack, invade or resort to war against each other except under stated exceptions.
The main pact guarantees observance of Versailles Articles 42 and 43 governing the demilitarized Rhineland.
Discovers the asteroid later numbered and named 1052 Belgica.
Baldwin's government approves Britain's role as guarantor of the western security pact.
Baldwin supports the formal London signing that completes the agreements negotiated at Locarno.
Vandervelde accepts the Rhineland Pact guaranteeing Belgium's frontier with Germany.
Vandervelde represents Belgium in negotiations intended to secure its frontier against renewed German aggression.
Vandervelde secures British and Italian guarantees of the Belgian-German frontier.
Vandervelde approves the bilateral arbitration convention governing disputes between Belgium and Germany.
Belgium accepts the mutual undertaking with Germany not to attack, invade or resort to war except under specified exceptions.
Vandervelde adds Belgium's signature at the London ceremony, completing its participation in the Rhineland security system.
Beneš endorses the conference protocol that incorporates Czechoslovakia's separate agreement with Germany.
France accepts a separate arbitration convention requiring peaceful procedures for disputes with Germany.
Briand accepts Britain and Italy as guarantors of the western settlement between France, Belgium and Germany.
Briand approves the five-power guarantee linking Germany, Belgium, France, Great Britain and Italy.
Briand seeks a binding international guarantee of France's frontier with Germany and the demilitarized Rhineland.
Briand accepts a central League Council role in determining and responding to breaches of the western guarantee.
Briand joins the other principal delegates in London for the formal signing of the Locarno agreements.
Britain agrees that an unmistakable act of aggression in the demilitarized zone can trigger assistance before a final League ruling.
Chamberlain avoids extending Britain's automatic guarantee to Germany's eastern borders with Poland and Czechoslovakia.
Chamberlain commits Britain to guarantee the western frontier settlement negotiated between Germany, France and Belgium.
Chamberlain mediates between French demands for security and German demands for restored diplomatic equality.
Chamberlain signs in London as Britain's plenipotentiary, formally binding the government to the western guarantee.
Chamberlain accepts the League Council's role in determining whether a treaty breach has occurred.
Chamberlain supports the Locarno settlement as a means of strengthening European security and League diplomacy.
Chamberlain supports judicial, conciliation and League procedures for disputes not resolved by ordinary diplomacy.
Chamberlain accepts that Britain should guarantee the Franco-German and Belgian-German frontier settlement.
The League of Nations supports the "Brussels Line", the border between Turkey and Iraq
Churchill presents his first budget and announces the Government's intention to restore sterling's gold parity.
Addresses apprenticeship and labour supply in the building industry.
Debates proposals concerning the charges and supply of building materials.
Promulgates legislation creating the Central Bank of Chile.
Chamberlain initials the final protocol linking the seven Locarno agreements into a single diplomatic settlement.
Chamberlain mediates between French security demands and German revisionist aims during the Locarno negotiations.
Chamberlain supports the arbitration conventions and treaties that accompany the main Rhineland Pact.
Renounces Austrian citizenship
Brunswick makes Hitler a German citizen on the eve of the Presidential election. Avoids deportation from Germany by becoming "staatenlos",
Appointed Peoples Commissar for War & Navy
Other disputes can be submitted to conciliation, with unresolved questions then going to the League Council.
Tries to reduce Germany's war debts to France & France's war debts to the US. Attends the Allied Financial Conference
Hitler confirms the party constitution 1st proclaimed in 1921
Submits the proposed presidential constitution to a national plebiscite.
Takes part in debate on the Contributory Pensions Bill and social insurance provision.
Continues scrutiny of the Contributory Pensions Bill during its Commons stages.
Returns to the contributory pensions legislation during its later Commons stages.
Awarded the Royal Society's Copley Medal for relativity and contributions to quantum theory.
Dissolves the Cortes
Succeeds as Shah of Iran, overthrows the Kajar Dynasty & is proclaimed Shah
Beneš takes part in sessions concerning Czechoslovakia while the principal western powers negotiate the Rhineland Pact.
Beneš accepts that Czechoslovakia's German border is handled through arbitration rather than the five-power Rhineland guarantee.
Beneš accepts a treaty requiring structured conciliation or adjudication when normal diplomacy cannot resolve a dispute with Germany.
Publication of "Mein Kampf", official publication date
Adds a Belgian-named object to the catalogue of minor planets.
Stalins "Socialism in one country" conflicts with Trotskys "Permanent Revolution". Dismissed as the Chairman of the Russian Revolutionary Council
Article Nine states that British dominions and India are not bound unless their governments accept the treaty.
Addresses provisions intended to prevent overlapping pension payments.
Doumergue supports the French government's move toward a negotiated western security settlement.
Germany favors arbitration treaties with Poland and Czechoslovakia rather than guaranteeing its eastern frontiers.
The budget announces sterling's return at the pre-war rate of approximately 4.86 United States dollars per pound.
Brunswick makes Hitler a German citizen on the eve of the Presidential election
The Aloys Van de Vyvere Government ends in Brussels, concluding this period as Prime Minister of Belgium.
The First Georges Theunis Government ends in Brussels, concluding this period as Prime Minister of Belgium.
The First Svehla Government ends in Prague, concluding this term as Prime Minister of Czechoslovakia.
Stresemann presents Germany's security priorities as the conference begins formal negotiations.
Stresemann signs the Locarno agreements in London at the formal ceremony on 1 December 1925.
Attends the Fourteenth Communist Party Congress as a non-voting delegate.
France keeps its separate commitment to assist Czechoslovakia while joining the western Locarno framework.
Briand ensures that the western pact does not cancel France's security commitments toward Poland.
The French government supports the five-power western security arrangement negotiated at Locarno.
Painlevé's government supports Briand's negotiations for guarantees of France's western security.
Beneš retains French backing for Czechoslovak security while accepting arbitration as the principal Locarno mechanism with Germany.
Painlevé's cabinet supports the proposed Treaty of Mutual Guarantee covering Germany's western frontiers.
Briand insists that the settlement preserve the Versailles restrictions on military forces in the Rhineland.
Skrzyński leaves Locarno with Poland's bilateral ties to France intact despite the absence of an eastern territorial guarantee.
Doumergue is President while the French government supports Briand's negotiations for the Locarno security settlement.
Briand combines demands for security with a willingness to pursue political reconciliation with Germany.
A January approach to France opens Stresemann's push for a western security settlement.
Briand formally signs the Rhineland Pact on behalf of France at the London ceremony.
Briand joins the final protocol's commitment to cooperate with League efforts toward a general disarmament agreement.
Painlevé's government backs a guarantee of the Franco-German frontier and the Rhineland demilitarized zone.
Raises matters concerning the General Medical Council in the Commons.
Praised by the Daily Mail for his handling of the General Strike
Stresemann accepts a treaty guaranteeing Germany's existing western boundaries with France and Belgium.
Germany accepts that the Locarno guarantee also covers the Versailles provisions governing the demilitarized Rhineland.
Stresemann agrees to a separate Czechoslovak dispute procedure based on conciliation and adjudication without guaranteeing the eastern frontier.
Stresemann accepts compulsory peaceful procedures for disputes with France and Belgium that diplomacy cannot settle.
The German delegation accepts a bilateral mechanism sending unresolved Polish-German legal disputes to arbitration or judicial settlement.
Luther's government authorizes participation in the conference intended to convert the security proposals into formal agreements.
Luther arrives with Stresemann and the German delegation for the security conference in Locarno.
Germany's security proposals culminate in the Locarno treaties.
Luther leads the German government delegation with Stresemann as the Locarno Conference opens.
German note sent to France suggesting western security pact
German note sent to London suggesting western security pact
Hindenburg reviews the Locarno settlement as the government prepares the agreements for parliamentary approval.
Uses western frontier guarantees to support Germany's rehabilitation among the western powers.
Germany proposes a western security pact guaranteeing its frontiers with France and Belgium as a basis for European reconciliation.
The Bank of England is required to sell gold bullion at the statutory pre-war price.
Baldwin's Government enacts the statutory return of sterling to gold bullion convertibility.
The Gold Standard Act receives royal assent and restores convertibility of sterling into gold bullion.
Restores the gold standard as part of the monetary reforms associated with the Kemmerer Mission.
Kerensky records his position on government defence in exile.
His government ends in Helsinki, concluding this term as Prime Minister of Finland.
His government ends in Helsinki, concluding this term as Prime Minister of Finland.
Appointed Governor of Wyoming, 1st female Governor in the USA
Prince Arthur opens Birmingham's memorial to residents killed in the First World War.
Uses his vice-presidential inaugural speech to attack Senate procedural obstruction.
Churchill's budget combines the gold-standard announcement with reductions in the standard rate of income tax.
The Peoples Party demands independence. France agrees to the unity of Damascus & Aleppo with a French high commissioner
Guzman assumes interim authority during the presidential succession crisis.
Contributes to Commons discussion of conditions in the iron and steel industry.
Italy accepts emergency action when a clear treaty violation creates an immediate military danger to another signatory.
Scialoja accepts the procedures giving the League Council a central role in determining treaty breaches.
Scialoja formally signs the Locarno instruments for Italy at the London ceremony.
Italy also becomes a guarantor of Belgium's security against a prohibited German attack across their common border.
Mussolini accepts an Italian obligation to support the settlement fixing the western boundary between France and Germany.
Scialoja signs the Rhineland Pact for Italy, which joins Britain as an external guarantor of the western settlement.
Disputes involving conflicting claims of legal rights are to be submitted for judicial decision.
Sun dies of cancer and leadership of the Kuomingtang passes to Chiang Kaishek/Jiang Jieshi
The change replaces Dutch for official constitutional purposes.
The pact preserves action taken under Article 16 of the League Covenant as an exception to the non-aggression undertaking.
The pact allows action resulting from specified decisions of the League Assembly or Council.
Stresemann treats improved western security and Germany's admission to the League as connected diplomatic objectives.
The League of Nations sets the border between Turkey and Iraq, putting the Mosul region in Iraq rather than Turkey despite the wishes of the local Kurdish population
The pact permits legitimate defence against aggression or an immediately dangerous flagrant breach of the Rhineland demilitarization clauses.
Germany's security pact proposals result in the Locarno treaties.
Chamberlain's mediation at Locarno becomes a major reason for his award of the 1925 Nobel Peace Prize.
Briand joins the other delegates in approving the final protocol and interdependent Locarno agreements.
Seven agreements are negotiated at Locarno during October 1925.
Locarno helps clear the diplomatic path for Germany's eventual admission to the League of Nations.
The delegates choose London for the formal signing, reflecting Chamberlain's central mediating role.
The Locarno agreements are formally signed in London.
Later in January, a German diplomatic note asks London to consider the proposed western pact.
Chamberlain attends the formal London signing ceremony for the agreements negotiated at Locarno.
Luther holds an informal discussion with Briand at nearby Ascona during the Locarno negotiations.
Luther supports linking the settlement with terms acceptable to Germany as a future League member.
Luther joins the other delegates in initialling the final protocol that links the Locarno agreements together.
Luther's government backs the security initiative that becomes the starting point for the Locarno negotiations.
Begins presidency before his rule hardens into dictatorship.
Marries Chou En-Lai
Howard Hughes marries Ella Rice
Publication of "Mein Kampf", Volume I
Publication of "Mein Kampf", official publication date
Publication of "Mein Kampf", official publication date
Publication of "Mein Kampf", Volume I
Pangalos seizes power and establishes a military dictatorship.
Turkey rejects but later accepts the League-backed Mosul decision.
The League awards Mosul to Iraq over Turkish claims.
Mussolini joins the final stage of the Locarno Conference as Italy prepares to become a guarantor power.
Is awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature for humane, idealistic, and sharply satirical writing.
Attends the rally & at the end unites with the NSDAP
Attends the rally & at the end unites with the NSDAP
Attends the rally & at the end unites with the NSDAP
Attends the rally & at the end unites with the NSDAP
Attends the rally & at the end unites with the NSDAP
Hitler begins his political comeback by meeting with new ministers and President of Bavaria
The ban on the NSDAP is lifted
Relaunches the NSDAP at a rally in Munich
Attends the rally & at the end unites with the NSDAP
Briand represents France as the Locarno Conference opens to negotiate a European security settlement.
Painlevé's cabinet reviews the compromise balancing French security demands with German reintegration.
Debates proposed disqualifications under the contributory pensions legislation.
Greek troops enter Bulgaria after a border clash.
Bulgaria appeals to the League during the border crisis.
Supports League mediation in the Greek-Bulgarian conflict.
Skrzyński attends only those conference discussions directly affecting Poland rather than the full western guarantee negotiations.
Skrzyński fails to obtain the same territorial guarantee for Poland that France and Belgium receive in the west.
Skrzyński approves the arbitration treaty establishing peaceful procedures for Polish-German disputes.
Elected President after the republic is proclaimed
Returns to the presidency after the January military movement recalls him from exile.
Appointed acting President of Chile after the resignation of Arturo Alessandri.
Takes office following the first direct presidential election under the 1925 Constitution.
Appointed collective provisional government of Ecuador after the July Revolution
Appointed President of Germany, 1st term
Begins a one-year term as President of the Swiss Confederation.
Takes office as Prime Minister of Finland and forms a government in Helsinki.
Takes office as Prime Minister of Finland and forms a government in Helsinki.
Appointed Prime Minister of Turkey, 3rd term
Appointed Prime Minister of Turkey, 2nd term
Responds in the Commons to the Prime Minister’s statement at the end of the parliamentary year.
Promulgates the Constitution of 1925 and ends the parliamentary constitutional system.
Begins the Prosper Poullet Government in Brussels and serves as Prime Minister of Belgium.
Opens the NSDAP meeting
Attends the rally & at the end unites with the NSDAP
Attends the rally & at the end unites with the NSDAP
Attends the rally & at the end unites with the NSDAP
Attends the rally & at the end unites with the NSDAP
Attends the rally & at the end unites with the NSDAP
Holds a meeting at the Burgerbraukellar, 3,000 attend & 2,000 are turned away
Attends the rally & at the end unites with the NSDAP
Outbreak of rebellion in Kurdistan
Supresses a rebellion in Kurdistan
Proposes reciprocal recognition of Germany's western frontiers established at Versailles.
Polygamy is outlawed
Religious orders are suppressed
The Reichstag approves the Locarno treaties, allowing the German government to proceed toward ratification.
Contributes to debate on continuing rent and mortgage interest restrictions.
Resigns before completing the restored presidential term.
Churchill announces restoration of sterling's pre-war gold parity.
Takes command of a company of the Royal Warwickshire Regiment and introduces a structured six-month training programme.
The League of Nations sets the border between Turkey and Iraq, putting the Mosul region in Iraq rather than Turkey despite the wishes of the local Kurdish population
The League of Nations sets the border between Turkey and Iraq, putting the Mosul region in Iraq rather than Turkey despite the wishes of the local Kurdish population
Japan evacuates North Sakhalin
Scialoja initials the final protocol for Italy at the conclusion of the conference.
Scialoja represents Italy during the Locarno negotiations before Mussolini joins the conference.
Begins the Second Svehla Government in Prague and serves as Prime Minister of Czechoslovakia.
Begins presiding over the United States Senate as Vice President.
Promulgates the new constitutional order separating church and state.
Takes part in debate on silk and import duties.
Skrzyński approves the conference protocol recording Poland's arbitration settlement and related security arrangements.
Stresemann initials the final protocol and accepts the package of western guarantees and arbitration agreements.
Stresemann and Briand negotiate the balance between French security and Germany's return to diplomatic equality.
Stresemann discusses with Chamberlain how Britain can guarantee the western settlement without guaranteeing Germany's eastern borders.
Organizes the printing of a Government newspaper, the "British Gazette". Advocates "no surrender" to the strikers
Praised by the Daily Mail for his handling of the General Strike
Succeeds as Shah of Iran, overthrows the Kajar Dynasty & is proclaimed Shah
Succeeds as Shah of Iran
Turkey & Greece agree territorial staus quo. Turkey & Greece agree naval parity in the eastern Mediterranean
Found guilty of conduct prejudicial to the good of the armed services
Challenges issues surrounding the disallowance of unemployment benefit.
Speaks on unemployment insurance legislation during the summer session.
The United States signs the Geneva Protocol prohibiting use in war of chemical and bacteriological methods of warfare.
Vandervelde initials the final protocol on behalf of Belgium.
Directs Variete, released in English as Variety.
Sworn in as Vice President of the United States under Calvin Coolidge.
The Beobachter resumes publication
Stresemann accepts the principle of guaranteeing Germany's western frontiers while avoiding a comparable territorial guarantee in the east.
Stresemann helps frame Germany's proposal for a pact guaranteeing the western frontiers with France and Belgium.
Published with an editorial written by Hitler, "a new beginning". Hitler confirms the party constitution 1st proclaimed in 1921
Diplomatic relationa are restored with Russia as Japan withdraws from north Sakhalin
Birth of Angela Brigid Lansbury
Birth of BB King
Birth of Douglas Engelbart
Birth of Harry "H" Corbett
Birth of John De Lorean
Birth of John Uhler "Jack" Lemmon
Luis Adolfo Siles Salinas is born in La Paz.
Birth of Malcolm X, Malcolm Little
Birth of Margaret Thatcher, daughter of a grocer
Born in Onalua in the Belgian Congo, later becoming a leading nationalist and the country's first prime minister.
Birth of Paul Leonard Newman
Death of Adolf Wild von Hohenborn
Death of Alfred Milner, of sleeping sickness soon after returning from South Africa, his viscountcy, lacking suitable heirs, dies with him
Death of Friedrich Ebert, from the effects of an appendicitis operation
Death of John Denton Pinkstone French
Death of John French, Earl of Ypres.
Death of Sun Yat-Sen
Death of Surendranath Banerjee
Provenance
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