President of Switzerland
Begins a one-year term as President of the Swiss Confederation.
Historical events in 1930
402 historical records
January 193031 historical events
Collectivization-Farms
Collectivizes all farms in Russia
Economy of Russia
Collectivizes all farms in Russia
Gold Standard
Inoue directs Japan's return to the gold standard by reopening gold exports at the old parity.
Economy of Japan
The Government lifts the gold export embargo at the pre-war parity, intensifying deflationary pressure.
Birth of Buzz Aldrin
Birth of Buzz Aldrin
Housing on London County Council Estates
Answers questions on housing provision and policy affecting London County Council estates.
Conference of London
Opens the London conference on naval disarmament
Slum Clearance on Tyneside
Addresses government action and local authority responsibilities for slum clearance on Tyneside.
Minister of Interior
Appointed Minister of the Interior for Thuringia
Harton Hospital Patient Death
Answers questions concerning a patient death at Harton Hospital.
Insurance Benefit and Poor Law Relief
Explains the relationship between insurance benefits and Poor Law relief.
London Refuse Disposal
Deals with questions concerning refuse disposal and public health in London.
Nurses Registration Act
Answers Commons questions concerning administration of the Nurses Registration Act.
Psittacosis
Responds to public-health questions concerning the outbreak of psittacosis.
Slum Clearance
Defends Labour government policy on slum clearance and housing conditions.
Discovery of Pluto
Tombaugh exposes one of the photographic plates later used, with the January 29 plate, to identify Pluto's motion.
Arrest of Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi
Released from prison to have talks with the British colonial Government in India
Coup
Deposed, Republicans win landslides in municipal elections
Election
Deposed, Republicans win landslides in municipal elections
Discovery of Pluto
Tombaugh exposes the second of the two photographic plates later used to identify Pluto's motion against background stars.
Capture of Changsha
Forced to retreat from Changsha after workers fail to rally to the Communists
Conference of London
The tonnage ratio for US, British & Japanese cruiser fleets will be 10:10:7. The resolutions of the Washington conference of 1922 are reinforced
Conference of London
The tonnage ratio for US, British & Japanese cruiser fleets will be 10:10:7. Creates a militaty reaction against liberal policies & ambition to master the Pacific
London Naval Conference
Leads the American delegation seeking agreement with Britain and Japan on auxiliary naval forces.
Bank for International Settlements
The Young Plan calls for an international bank of settlements to handle the reparations transfers, the resulting Bank for International Settlements was duly established at the Hague Conference
Conference of Hague
The Young Plan is formally adopted at the second Hague Conference
Dawes Plan
The Young Plan sets the total reparations at $26,350,000,000 to be paid over a period of 58 years & is adopted by the Allied Powers to supersede the Dawes Plan
Young Plan
Germany would know the exact extent of German obligations and to reduce the payments appreciably, the Young Plan divided the annual payment, set at about $473 million, into two elements-an unconditional part (one third of the sum)
Young Plan
The Young Plan calls for an international bank of settlements to handle the reparations transfers, the resulting Bank for International Settlements was duly established at the Hague Conference.
Young Plan
The Young Plan sets the total reparations at $26,350,000,000 to be paid over a period of 58 years & is adopted by the Allied Powers to supersede the Dawes Plan. The Young Plan is formally adopted at the second Hague Conference.
February 19308 historical events
Indochinese Communist Party
Helps found the Indochinese Communist Party, later influential among Lao communists
Birth of Maria Estela Martinez Cartas de Peron
Birth of Maria Estela Martinez Cartas de Peron
People on Sunday
Co-directs People on Sunday, a key late-Weimar film.
Discovery of Pluto
Tombaugh identifies Pluto as a moving object while comparing photographic plates taken on January 23 and January 29.
Discovery of Pluto
Using a blink comparator, Tombaugh identifies a moving object on plates taken January 23 and January 29, discovering Pluto.
Death of Horst Wessel
Martyr of the Munich Beerhall putsch, mytholigised by the "Horst Wessel Lied"
Death of Mabel Normand
Death of Mabel Normand
Revolution Studies
Kerensky continues political activity connected with revolution studies.
March 193016 historical events
Capture of Gdansk
Poland occupies Gdansk
Death of William Howard Taft
Death of William Taft
Discovery of Pluto
News of Pluto's discovery is telegraphed from Lowell Observatory to the Harvard College Observatory.
Naming of Pluto
Oxford astronomer Herbert Hall Turner forwards Venetia Burney's proposed name Pluto to astronomers at Lowell Observatory.
Discovery of Pluto
Eleven-year-old Venetia Burney suggests the name Pluto after hearing of the newly discovered world.
Naming of Pluto
Eleven-year-old Venetia Burney suggests the name Pluto during breakfast after hearing news of the newly discovered planet.
Chancellor
Chancellors Bruning, Papen, Schleicher and Hitler are all Presidentially appointed dictatorships
Chancellor
Heinrich Bruning is appointed the successor of Chancellor Muller by Paul von Hindenburg after months of political lobbying by General Kurt von Schleicher on behalf of the military
Constitution of Germany
Chancellors Bruning, Papen, Schleicher and Hitler are all Presidentially appointed dictatorships.
Constitution of Germany
The new Government is expected to lead a political shift towards conservatism, based on the emergency powers granted to the Reichspresident by the constitution, since it had no majority support in the Reichstag.
Weimar Republic
The new Government is expected to lead a political shift towards conservatism, based on the emergency powers granted to the Reichspresident by the constitution, since it had no majority support in the Reichstag. Chancellors Bruning, Papen, Schleicher and Hitler are all Presidentially appointed dictatorships
Prime Minister of Poland
Appointed Prime Minister of Poland, 1st term
Anti-Machado Strike
Helps organise opposition to Machado's dictatorship.
Resignation of Herman Mueller
resigns over unemployment insurance funding
Economy of Russia
Publishes letter in "Pravda", "Dizzy with Success"
Pravda
Publishes letter in "Pravda", "Dizzy with Success"
April 193023 historical events
The Blue Angel
Directs The Blue Angel, starring Marlene Dietrich and Emil Jannings.
Local Government Act Implementation
Supervises implementation of the Local Government Act 1929 as Poor Law functions, including many infirmaries, pass to local authorities.
Concerto for Two Violins and Orchestra
Composes, "Concerto for Two Violins & Orchestra"
London Naval Treaty Signature
Signs the naval limitation treaty as Japan's ambassador at the British court.
London Naval Treaty Signature
Signs the treaty as a senior member of the Japanese delegation.
London Naval Treaty Signature
Signs the London Naval Treaty for Japan while serving as Navy Minister.
London Naval Treaty Signature
Signs the naval limitation agreement as a member of the American delegation.
London Naval Treaty Signature
Signs the naval limitation treaty as a member of the United States delegation.
London Naval Treaty Signature
Signs the London Naval Treaty as part of the United States delegation.
London Naval Treaty
His administration supports the naval limitation agreement signed in London by the United States, Britain, Japan, France and Italy.
London Naval Treaty
Supports the treaty extending naval limitation to cruisers, destroyers and submarines.
Naval Armament
The London Naval Treaty limits American cruiser, destroyer and submarine tonnage while establishing agreed ratios with Britain and Japan.
Cruiser Tonnage
Accepts treaty limits setting total American cruiser tonnage at 323,500 tons by the end of 1936.
London Naval Treaty Signature
Signs the London Naval Treaty as chairman of the American delegation.
London Naval Treaty Signature
Signs the treaty for the United States while serving as Secretary of the Navy.
London Naval Treaty Signature
Signs the London Naval Treaty as an American delegate and senator.
London Naval Treaty Signature
Signs the treaty as one of the United States Senate members in the American delegation.
Captain of Arsenal's First Major Trophy
Captains Arsenal to the club's first major trophy in the FA Cup final victory over Huddersfield Town.
1930 FA Cup Final Opening Goal
Scores Arsenal's opening goal as the club defeat Huddersfield Town to win their first major trophy.
1930 FA Cup Final Second Goal
Scores Arsenal's second goal in the 2-0 FA Cup final victory over Huddersfield Town.
Convention on Certain Questions Relating to the Conflict of Nationality Laws
Signs the Convention on Certain Questions Relating to the Conflict of Nationality Laws
Naval Treaty Support
Supports acceptance of the London naval limits despite criticism from officers who argue that the settlement weakens Japan's fleet.
Naval Ratio
Defends the London compromise granting Japan a higher relative ratio in several auxiliary ship categories than under earlier proposals.
May 193011 historical events
Naming of Pluto
Lowell Observatory director Vesto Slipher announces Pluto as the proposed name for the newly discovered world.
Arrest of Indira Nehru Gandhi
Arrested by the British
1st Flight Australia
Takes off in a gypsy moth seeking to become the 1st woman to fly solo to Australia
Death of Sackville Hamilton Carden
Death of Sackville Hamilton Carden
Debut
England debut against Italy, which finished a 11 draw, Hapgood became England captain and wore the armband 21 times
Nansen Legacy
Dies after shaping League refugee policy.
Dismissal
Dismissed from the Labour Government
1st Flight Australia
Reaches Darwin, the first woman to fly solo to Australia
Resignation of Hernando Siles Reyes
Siles Reyes resigns after opposition to his effort to extend presidential power.
Birth of Clinton Clint Eastwood
Birth of Clinton "Clint" Eastwood.
Central Plains War
Directs Nationalist forces against the coalition of Yan Xishan, Feng Yuxiang and other opponents during the Central Plains War.
June 193014 historical events
Birth of Edward Woodward
Birth of Edward Woodward
Restoration of Carol II
Carol returns from exile and is proclaimed king by Parliament.
Treaty Negotiations
Turkey & Greece sign a reciprocation Treaty
Treaty of Friendship
Turkey & Greece sign a reciprocation Treaty
Treaty of Reciprocation
Turkey & Greece sign a reciprocation Treaty
Smoot-Hawley Tariff
Hoover signs legislation raising duties on thousands of imported products.
Government Report
Produces the Simon Report
Independence of Great Britain
Talks with Indian rulers on the future of central Government. Recommends responsible Government in the provinces. Produces the Simon Report
Independence of India
Talks with Indian rulers on the future of central Government. Recommends responsible Government in the provinces. Produces the Simon Report
Purge
Announces his murderous purges are "purifying the Soviet Union"
Provisional Government
Blanco Galindo heads a military provisional government and prepares elections.
Occupation
The last Allied troops leave the Rhineland
Weimar Republic
The last Allied troops leave the Rhineland
Purge
Escapes from his home before the SS can reach him
July 193027 historical events
Government Ends
His government ends in Helsinki, concluding this term as Prime Minister of Finland.
Prime Minister
Takes office as Prime Minister of Finland and forms a government in Helsinki.
Siege of Hankow
Communist military pressure in central China adds to the Nationalist government’s conflicts during the Central Plains War.
First World Cup Goal
Scores the first goal in World Cup history during France's victory over Mexico.
World Cup Winning Goal Against France
Scores the only goal as Argentina defeat France 1-0 in their opening World Cup match.
First World Cup Hat-Trick
Scores the first hat-trick in World Cup history as the United States defeat Paraguay.
NSDAP
A finance bill is defeated in the Reichstag with the support of the SPD, KPD, the NSDAP and DNVP, Bruning submits to the Reichstag the presidents decree that it will be dissolved
Reichstag
A finance bill is defeated in the Reichstag with the support of the SPD, KPD, the NSDAP and DNVP, Bruning submits to the Reichstag the presidents decree that it will be dissolved
Weimar Republic
A finance bill is defeated in the Reichstag with the support of the SPD, KPD, the NSDAP and DNVP, Bruning submits to the Reichstag the presidents decree that it will be dissolved
World Cup Hat-Trick Against Mexico
Scores a hat-trick on his World Cup debut as Argentina defeat Mexico 6-3.
Commissar
Appointed Commissar for Foreign Affairs, 1st term. A firm believer in collective security, Litvinov works very hard to form a closer relationship with France and Britain
Capture of Chang-sha
The Communists capture Chang-sha but the Nationalists soon retake it
World Cup Final Equaliser
Scores Argentina's first goal in the inaugural World Cup final, temporarily levelling the match against Uruguay.
Eight-Goal Scoring Lead
Scores eight times for Argentina to lead the inaugural tournament's scoring chart.
Argentina World Cup Final Captain
Captains Argentina in the inaugural World Cup final against hosts Uruguay.
Death of Joan Gamper
Dies in Barcelona after decades as the founder, player and five-time president of FC Barcelona.
World Cup Winner
José Nasazzi captains Uruguay to a 4-2 victory over Argentina in Montevideo and becomes the first captain to lift the FIFA World Cup trophy.
World Cup Captain
Captains Uruguay to victory over Argentina in the inaugural World Cup final.
1930 Final Goal
Scores Uruguay's fourth goal in the 4-2 final victory over Argentina.
World Cup Winner
Héctor Castro scores Uruguay's fourth goal late in the final against Argentina, confirming the host nation's place as football's first world champion.
World Cup Winner
José Pedro Cea equalises for Uruguay in the second half of the World Cup final, turning a 2-1 deficit into the platform for victory.
1930 Final Opening Goal
Opens the scoring for Uruguay in the first World Cup final.
World Cup Winner
Pablo Dorado scores the opening goal of the inaugural World Cup final as Uruguay begin their comeback-filled contest with Argentina.
1930 Final Equalizer
Scores Uruguay's equalizing goal early in the second half of the final.
World Cup Winner
Santos Iriarte scores from distance to give Uruguay a 3-2 advantage over Argentina after his teammates have recovered from a first-half deficit.
World Cup Winner
Alberto Suppici manages hosts Uruguay through the inaugural World Cup and sees his players overturn a half-time deficit in the final against Argentina.
Golden Boot FIFA World Cup
Finishes as the leading goalscorer in the FIFA World Cup with 8 goals for Argentina. The campaign is particularly remembered for setting the early benchmark in the inaugural World Cup.
August 193011 historical events
1st Flight Australia
Triumphant return to London after being the first woman to fly to Australia
Strike
Russian troops kill 200 strikers in Odessa
Chief of Staff
Appointed Chief of Staff
Birth of Neil Armstrong
Birth of Neil Armstrong
Prime Minister of Canada
Appointed Prime Minister of Canada
Prime Minister of Canada
Forms a Conservative government during the Great Depression.
Economy of Great Britain
Unemployment reaches 2,000,000
Government
Forms a new Government
Prime Minister of Poland
Appointed Prime Minister of Poland, 2nd term
Death of Lon Chaney
Death of Lon Chaney
Dissolution of Parliament
Dissolves Parliament & has opposition members arrested
September 193016 historical events
1st Transatlantic Flight
Completes the first nonstop flight from Paris to New York in 37 hours & 18 minutes
Capture of Beijing
Rebels take power in Peking under Yen Hsi-chan
Capture of Beijing
Opposition warlords establish a rival political center in Beiping during the Central Plains War.
President of Argentina
Appointed de facto President of Argentina after the 1930 coup
Election
After the election Bruning attempts to reform the devastated state without a majority in Parliament, governing with the help of the Presidents emergency decrees
Weimar Republic
After the election Bruning attempts to reform the devastated state without a majority in Parliament, governing with the help of the Presidents emergency decrees
Election
6.4 Million votes, 18%, 107 of 577 seats in the Reichstag go to the Nazi Party.
Election
And this encourages the supporters of the Nazis.
Election
The Nazi party becomes the 2nd largest party.
Election
The Reichstag general elections result in an enormous political shift, 18.3% of the vote goes to the Nazis, five times the percentage compared to 1928.
Election
The increased representation of the NSDAP has devastating consequences for the Republic, there was no longer a moderate majority in the Reichstag even for a Great Coalition of moderate parties.
Weimar Republic
The Reichstag general elections result in an enormous political shift, 18.3% of the vote goes to the Nazis, five times the percentage compared to 1928. The increased representation of the NSDAP has devastating consequences for the Republic, there was no longer a moderate majority in the Reichstag even for a Great Coalition of moderate parties, and this encourages the supporters of the Nazis
Election
Hitler is denied a seat because he is Austrian, not German
Prime Minister of Turkey
Appointed Prime Minister of Turkey, 5th term
Central Plains War Counteroffensive
Shifts Nationalist forces between major fronts as the Central Plains War turns increasingly in favor of the Nanjing government.
Education
Attends Cheam School
October 193020 historical events
Britain returns the leased territory of Weihaiwei to Nationalist China
Britain returns the leased territory of Weihaiwei to Nationalist China.
Conference of London
The Irish demand independence
Conference of London
The Irish demand independence
Independence of Ireland
The Irish demand independence at the London Conference
Conference of Imperial
Opening day of the Imperial Conference
Birth of Sese Seko Mobutu
Birth of Sese Seko Mobutu
Independence of Great Britain
Recommends an end to Jewish immigration into Palestine in the Passfield White Paper
Independence of Palestine
Recommends an end to Jewish immigration into Palestine in the Passfield White Paper
Passfield White Paper
Recommends an end to Jewish immigration into Palestine in the Passfield White Paper
Constitution of 1930
Introduces a constitution strengthening royal power and limiting parliamentary representation.
President of Brazil
Appointed President of Brazil
Military Junta of Brazil
Appointed member of the military junta exercising presidential power after the overthrow of Washington Luis
Military Junta of Brazil
Appointed member of the military junta exercising presidential power after the overthrow of Washington Luis
Military Junta of Brazil
Appointed member of the military junta exercising presidential power after the overthrow of Washington Luis
Treaty Ratification
Secures Japanese ratification of the London Naval Treaty despite strong domestic opposition.
London Naval Treaty Ratification
His government completes Japanese participation in the London Naval Treaty, whose ratification is deposited with Britain on 27 October.
Second Solvay Debate with Einstein
Again confronts Einstein's thought experiments at the Solvay Conference, using detailed measurement arguments to defend quantum mechanics against challenges to its consistency.
Independence of Great Britain
Supports the idea of "Dominion Status" for India
Independence of India
Supports the idea of "Dominion Status" for India
Ambassador
Appointed Ambassador of Colombia & Switzerland
November 193011 historical events
President of Brazil
Appointed President of Brazil
President of Brazil
Appointed provisional President of Brazil after the Revolution of 1930
Birth of Konrad Zacharias Lorenz
Birth of Konrad Zacharias Lorenz
ETH Zurich Honorary Doctorate
Receives an honorary Doctor of Science degree from ETH Zurich.
Conference of Round Table
A conference on India opens in London
Conference of Imperial
Concluding day, agrees on the nature of Dominion status
Assassination of Hamaguchi Osachi
Osachi is shot & injured because of the ratification of the 4 Power Navy Treaty. Death of Hamaguchi Osachi, assassinated
Death of Kijuro Shidehara
Appointed Prime Minister of Japan, acts for Osachi
Birth of James Graham Ballard
Birth of James Graham Ballard
Election
The Government wins the elections
Banking Panics
A wave of bank failures intensifies contraction, deflation and public demand for currency.
December 19304 historical events
Prime Minister of Poland
Appointed Prime Minister of Poland, 2nd term
Nobel Prize in Literature
Is awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature for vivid description, wit, and original characters.
Reballion of Dervish
A Dervish rebellion against westernization in western Anatolia is suppressed
Caltech Relativity and Cosmology Visit
Begins an extended visit to Caltech where relativity, cosmology and unified-field questions form an important part of his discussions with American physicists and astronomers.
Loya Jirga
A Loya Jirga confirms Nadir Shah's rule and supports a gradual approach to reform.
Federal Intervenor
Castillo is named Federal Intervenor of Tucum n Province
Foreign Secretary of Austria
Appointed Foreign Minister
Foreign Secretary of Austria
Appointed Foreign Secretary
Vice Chancellor
Appointed Vice Chancellor
Fragen der Ethic
Publication of "Fragen der Ethic"
Professor
Appointed rofessor of Religion at the University of Frankfurt
Heimwehr
The Heimwehr leaders commit themselves to the Korneuburg Oath, which established an arguably Fascist party platform based on Austrian Nationalism (as distinct from the pan-German nationalism of the Nazis)
Korneuburg Oath
The Heimwehr leaders commit themselves to the Korneuburg Oath, which established an arguably Fascist party platform based on Austrian Nationalism (as distinct from the pan-German nationalism of the Nazis)
Nobel Prize
Receives the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for discovering the major human blood groups, a finding that made safer blood transfusion possible.
Quantum Foundations Research
Continues research on the conceptual foundations of quantum theory while questioning purely statistical interpretations of the wave function.
Civilization and Its Discontents" (Das Unbehagen in der Kultur)
Publication of "Civilization and Its Discontents" (Das Unbehagen in der Kultur)
Civilization and Its Discontents
Publication of "Civilization and Its Discontents" (Das Unbehagen in der Kultur)
Goethe Prize
Freud receives the Goethe Prize in appreciation of his contribution to psychology and to German literary culture
Rex Party
Founds the Rex Party, Belgian fascist party
Constellation Boundaries
Publishes definitive boundaries for the eighty-eight modern constellations.
International Astronomical Boundaries
Standardizes celestial mapping for the International Astronomical Union.
Escaping Photon Used to Challenge Energy-Time Uncertainty
Einstein argued that measuring the mass loss of a timed photon box could in principle determine both the photon's energy and its emission time more precisely than quantum uncertainty allowed.
Photon Box Thought Experiment Presented
At the Solvay Conference Einstein proposed a box-and-clock thought experiment intended to challenge the energy-time uncertainty relation by weighing a box before and after a photon escaped.
Chief of Army General Staff
Appointed Chief of Army General Staff for France
Coup
Establishes a right wing dictatorship with himself as dictator
Gradualism
Claims the Chinese Revolution will go through many stages & introduces gradualism
Politburo
Appointed Alternate-Member of Politburo
President of China
Appointed President of the Workers & Peasants Revolutionary Committee
Workers Committees
Appointed President of the Workers & Peasants Revolutionary Committee
Capture of Changsha
Ordered to capture Changsha the capital of Hunan Province by Li Lisan but fails
Purge
Purges 4,400 men from the Red Army on charges of being anti-Party rebels
Reballion of Red Army
A section of the Red Army rises up against Mao
Red Army
Purges 4,400 men from the Red Army on charges of being anti-Party rebels
Red Army
A section of the Red Army rises up against Mao
Siege of Nanchang
Leads a Communist army which nearly captures Nanchang
Siege of Ruijing
Defeats 1st attempt by Chiang Kai-Shek to overrun the Communist military base
Siege of Changsha
Establishes a communist Government at Changsha
Siege of Ruijing
Launches the first encirclement campaign against the Communist base area in Jiangxi late in the year.
Execution
Chiang Kai-shek executes Maos wife
President of China
Appointed President of the Workers & Peasants Revolutionary Committee
Minister of Interior
Appointed Minister of the Interior
President of Cuba
Appointed President of Cuba, 2nd term
Coup
Establishes a dictatorship by means of a military coup
Succession
Succeeds as Emperor of Ethiopia, a cousin of Emperor Menelek
Under the Roofs of Paris
Directs Under the Roofs of Paris.
International Gold Accumulation
The Bank of France continues converting foreign exchange into gold, increasing its share of world monetary gold during the final years of the interwar standard.
Minister of Air
Appointed Minister of Air
Minister of Labour
Appointed Minister of Labour
Prime Minister of France
Appointed Prime Minister of France, 1st term
Coronagraph
Develops the coronagraph to block direct sunlight inside a telescope.
Daylight Solar Corona Observation
Makes routine daylight observation of the solar corona possible.
Barlow Palace
Commissioned by Hitler to build the Barlow Palace in Munich to house the new Nazi HQ
Embassy Counselor
Appointed Ambassador of Britain
Budget
Passes the Finance Bill by Presidential decree, cannot win a majority in the Reichstag
Article 48
After an unpopular bill to reform the Reichs finances is left unsupported by the Reichstag, Hindenburg establishes the bill as an emergency decree based on Article 48 of the constitution
Chancellor
Appointed Chancellor, owes position to the army & General Kurt von Schleicher
Constitution of Germany
After an unpopular bill to reform the Reichs finances is left unsupported by the Reichstag, Hindenburg establishes the bill as an emergency decree based on Article 48 of the constitution
Economy of Germany
Invokes article 48 to impose deflationary policies
Election
Bruening is defeated & an election is called for September
Vote of Confidence
The Reichstag rejects Bruenings actions in passing the finance bill. Bruening is defeated & an election is called for September
Weimar Republic
After an unpopular bill to reform the Reichs finances is left unsupported by the Reichstag, Hindenburg establishes the bill as an emergency decree based on Article 48 of the constitution
Chancellor
Heads a coalition of democratic parties. Appointed last Social Democratic Chancellor before the War
Minister of Interior
Appointed Minister of the Interior
Director of the Institute for Social Research
Horkheimer becomes director of the Institute for Social Research and professor of social philosophy.
Birth of Helmut Kohl
Birth of Helmut Kohl
Black Front
Establishes a "Black Front" of "Revolutionary National Socialists"
National Socialism
Establishes a "Black Front" of "Revolutionary National Socialists"
Strike
Wants north Nazis to support strikes but Hitler is trying to win industrial support
Purge
Hitler expels Otto Strasser from the NSDAP for his sins of "democracy & Liberalism"
Election
Elected to the Reichstag
Sturmabteilung (SA)
Appointed Head of the SA
Exile of Ernst Rohm
At Hitler's invitation returns from exile in Bolivia
NSDAP
Appointed Member of NSDAP
Reichstag
Elected to the Reichstag
Reichstag
Appointed Member of Reichstag, 2nd time
Political Agent
Appointed Hitler's Political Agent in Berlin
Hilfkasse
Founds the Hilfkasse
Reichstag
Appointed Member of Reichstag
SDP
Appointed Member of Social Democratic Party
Nobel Prize
Receives the Nobel Prize in Chemistry for research on hemin and chlorophyll, including the synthesis of hemin.
Molecular Quantum Theory
Develops quantum-mechanical approaches to molecular structure while working in Leipzig.
Beryllium Penetrating Radiation
With Walther Bothe, detects penetrating radiation from beryllium bombarded by alpha particles.
Beryllium Penetrating Radiation
With Herbert Becker, observes unusually penetrating radiation when alpha particles strike beryllium.
Commander of 4th Artillery Reg
Appointed Commander of the 4th Artillery Regiment
Commander of Wehrkreis
Appointed Commander of the Wehrkreis
Choral Fantasia
Composes, "Choral Fantasia"
Vile Bodies
Publication of "Vile Bodies"
Early Paris Writing Experiments
Orwell experimented with prose about deprivation and work that would later inform his first book.
Poems For Children
Publication of "Poems For Children"
Poems
Publication of "Poems For Children"
Tramping
Studies poverty by tramping and staying in lodging houses.
Cunard Line
Bates becomes chairman of Cunard and promotes construction of larger express liners.
Chairman
Appointed Chairman of the Conservative Party
Entrance to Trinity College
Enters Trinity College, Cambridge, as an Entrance Scholar to study classics.
Permanent Under Secretary
Appointed Permanent Under Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs
Abadan Refinery Reaches 100000 Barrels Daily
Abadan refinery capacity reaches roughly one hundred thousand barrels per day after sustained expansion.
Haft Kel Production Reaches 20000 Barrels Daily
Haft Kel production reaches roughly twenty thousand barrels per day as the field becomes a major producer.
Persian Output Reaches 125000 Barrels Daily
Combined production from major Persian fields reaches roughly one hundred twenty-five thousand barrels per day.
Persian Workforce Exceeds 20000
More than twenty thousand people are employed by Anglo-Persian in Persia as production and refining expand.
Birth of daughter
George VI & Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon have a daughter, Princess Margaret
Birth of Margaret
Birth of Margaret, 2nd child & daughter of George VI & Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon
Birth of daughter
George VI & Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon have a daughter, Princess Margaret
My Early Life Published
Churchill published My Early Life, a memoir of his childhood and early military and political experiences.
Germany
Travels in Germany and observes the political tensions weakening the Weimar Republic.
Unemployment Debate
Attacks government policy on unemployment and poverty.
Party Leader
Appointed Party Leader of the Liberal Party
Pluto
Venetia Burney's proposed name Pluto is forwarded to Lowell Observatory and becomes the preferred name for the newly discovered world.
Relativistic Electron Scattering
Develops a quantum treatment of electron scattering by atoms that includes electron spin and relativistic effects.
Christopher Morcom Influence
After Christopher Morcom dies, Turing becomes increasingly interested in questions linking mind, matter, mathematics and scientific explanation.
Wednesday Championship Attack
Rimmer scored prolifically for Sheffield Wednesday during the period in which the club won consecutive top-flight league titles.
Powerful Villa Forward Emerges
Eric Houghton broke into Aston Villa's senior team and soon became known for extraordinary power when striking the ball.
Second Consecutive League Title
Allen contributed to Sheffield Wednesday's attack as the team retained the English First Division championship under Robert Brown.
Wednesday Retain First Division Title
Brown managed Sheffield Wednesday to a second successive league championship, confirming the club among English football's dominant sides.
Air Council
Joins the Air Council
Selected by the War Office to re-write the
Selected by the War Office to re-write the manual of Infantry Training
Cantata Profana
Composition of "Cantata Profana"
Doctoral Study in Leipzig
Studies theoretical physics in Leipzig under Werner Heisenberg.
Demonstrations
Advocates a plan of civil disobedience
Commission
The Simon Commission is published, Ghandi launches the Civil Disobedience Movement
Demonstrations
The Simon Commission is published, Ghandi launches the Civil Disobedience Movement
Independence of India
The Simon Commission is published, Ghandi launches the Civil Disobedience Movement
Conference of Round Table
Leads the British delegation
Demonstrations
Leads the salt march 240 miles to the coast in defiance of the salt tax
Conference of Round Table
Leads the British delegation
White Dwarf Limit
Chandrasekhar combines quantum statistics with special relativity and identifies an upper mass beyond which a white dwarf cannot remain stable.
Nobel Prize in Physics
C. V. Raman receives the Nobel Prize in Physics for his work on light scattering and the discovery of the Raman effect.
Nobel Prize
Receives the Nobel Prize in Physics for work on the scattering of light and for discovering the optical effect now known as the Raman effect.
Party Leader
Appointed Party Leader of the Mapai Labour Party
Joins the diplomatic corps then marries Edda, Mussolinis daughter
Joins the diplomatic corps then marries Edda, Mussolinis daughter
Marriage
Joins the diplomatic corps then marries Edda, Mussolinis daughter
Marriage
Marries Edda, Mussolinis daughter
Quantum Electrodynamics Work
Pursues research in quantum electrodynamics and spectroscopic theory while leading the theoretical physics programme in Rome.
Piola Launches Lazio Goalscoring Era
Silvio Piola's early career at Pro Vercelli establishes the reputation that will later bring him to Lazio, where he becomes one of the club's defining scorers.
Ambassador
Appointed Ambassador of Rome
Deflation
Deflationary monetary and fiscal policies defend the overvalued yen and deepen the Showa Depression.
Sakuraki
The "Cherry Blossom Society" is formed by military officers to establish a regime
Studies in the Lankavatara Sutra
Publication of "Studies in the Lankavatara Sutra"
Regimental Commander
Appointed Regimental Commander
Desert Patrol Established
The Desert Patrol was organised within the Arab Legion to police remote areas and improve security along Transjordan's desert frontiers.
Birth of Thomas Joseph Mboya
Birth of Thomas Joseph Mboya
Slavery Inquiry
League inquiry exposes forced labour abuses in Liberia.
President of Mexico
Appointed President of Mexico
August
Publication of "August"
Muslim League
The leadership of the League is taken over Muhammad Iqbal, who puts forward the demand for a separate Muslim state in India, the "Two-Nation Theory"
Muslim League
The leadership of the League is taken over Muhammad Iqbal, who puts forward the demand for a separate Muslim state in India, the "Two-Nation Theory"
President of Peru
Appointed President of Peru, 1st term
APRA
Founds the Peruvian section of APRA
Arrest of 80 Members of Parliament
Has arrested & tortured 80 members of Parliament who disagreed with him
Differential Ebulliometer
Develops refined ebulliometric instruments for accurate boiling-point comparison.
Precision Boiling-Point Measurement
Advances physical chemistry through high-precision measurements of liquid mixtures.
Forbidden Graph Characterization
Establishes a central theorem in graph theory and topological combinatorics.
Kuratowski Planarity Theorem
Characterizes planar graphs through subdivisions of two forbidden graphs.
Louse-Grown Rickettsia Vaccine
Creates a production method using infected lice to cultivate the pathogen.
Typhus Vaccine
Develops an effective vaccine against epidemic typhus.
Constitution of Portugal
The NUP becomes the only legal party under Salazars dictatorship
NUP
The NUP becomes the only legal party under Salazars dictatorship. Founds & leads the National Union Party
Constitution of Romania
Establishes a dictatorship in Romania
Exile of Carol II
Returns from exile & is proclaimed King
Succession
Succeeds as King of Romania. Returns from exile & is proclaimed King
Field Marshal
Appointed Field Marshal
Symphony of the Psalms
Composes, "Symphony of the Psalms"
Exile of Karl Bernhardovich Radek
Returns to Russia from exile
Comintern
Trotsky claimed that the 3rd Period policies of the Comintern had contributed to the rise of Adolf Hitler in Germany. The Trotskyists organised themselves into the International Left Opposition, which is intended to be a group of anti-Stalinist dissenters within the 3rd International. Stalins supporters, who dominated the International, would no longer tolerate dissent, all Trotskyists, and those suspected of being influenced by Trotskyism, are expelled
International, 3rd
The Trotskyists organised themselves into the International Left Opposition, which is intended to be a group of anti-Stalinist dissenters within the 3rd International. Stalins supporters, who dominated the International, would no longer tolerate dissent, all Trotskyists, and those suspected of being influenced by Trotskyism, are expelled
My Life
Publishes My Life, his autobiography recounting his political development, revolutions, government service and exile.
Arrest of Vladimir Aleksandrovich Bazarov
Arrested with other non-Bolsheviks
Bolshevik Party
Arrested with other non-Bolsheviks
Dismissal
Rykov is dismissed by Stalin for opposing his policies
First Secretary
Appointed First Secretary of the Moscow Gorkom
Dismissal
Rykov is dismissed by Stalin for opposing his policies
Gosplan
The Statistical Directorate is merged into Gosplan
Politburo
Appointed Member of Politburo
Politburo
Appointed Member of Politburo
Industrial Academy Party Secretary
Becomes secretary of the Communist Party organization at the Industrial Academy.
Prime Minister of Russia
Appointed Chairman of the Council of peoples Commissars
Press
Appointed Editor of Izvestia
Democratic Socialism
Defends democratic socialism against Bolshevik dictatorship.
Integration of Jazan
Completes the integration of Jazan into the developing Saudi state.
Integration of Jazan
Supports administration of the southwestern territories incorporated into Saudi rule.
Insila Ka Shaka", the
Publication of "Insila Ka Shaka", the first novel in the Zulu language
Insila Ka Shaka
Publication of "Insila Ka Shaka", the first novel in the Zulu language
Mhudi
Publication of "Mhudi"
Death of His Father
His father dies when Mandela is about twelve.
Moves to Mqhekezweni
Becomes a ward of Regent Jongintaba Dalindyebo.
Franchise
The Hertzog Government works to undermine the Coloured (mixed race) vote by granting voting rights to white women, but not to Coloured women, effectively halving the voting power of the Coloured electorate
Real Madrid Arrival
Joins Real Madrid and becomes a central figure in the club's early league successes.
Doctoral Research in Leipzig
Completes doctoral research in Leipzig under Werner Heisenberg.
Birth of Hafez Al Assad
Birth of Hafez Al Assad
Daily News
Designs the Daily News Building
London Naval Conference
Serves as a delegate to the London Naval Conference.
Western Union Employment
Shaw worked for Western Union in New Orleans before the company later transferred him to New York City.
Luminosity Distribution in Elliptical Nebulae
Hubble publishes a detailed study of the distribution of luminosity in elliptical nebulae, providing quantitative surface-brightness measurements for systems whose internal structure is not dominated by spiral arms.
Birth of Burton Richter
Birth of Burton Richter
Exact Static Unified-Field Solutions
Publishes work with Walther Mayer giving exact static solutions of unified-field equations, testing whether the programme can represent physically meaningful configurations.
First Caltech Winter Visit
Begins an extended academic visit to the California Institute of Technology.
Riemann Metric and Distant Parallelism
Further develops spaces combining a Riemann metric with distant parallelism, refining the geometric machinery behind his teleparallel unified-field theory.
Sixth Solvay Conference
Attends the sixth Solvay Conference and continues discussions on quantum theory and field physics.
Unified Field Equation Compatibility
Examines the compatibility of equations in the unified-field programme, addressing mathematical consistency before the theory can be regarded as physically viable.
Aircraft Detection
Detects aircraft by radio interference while working for the Naval Research Laboratory.
First World Cup Final Defensive Duty
Mascheroni plays in Uruguay's defence during the inaugural World Cup final, resisting Argentina's attack before the hosts claim a dramatic victory.
Opening World Cup Squad Veteran
Scarone represents Uruguay at the first FIFA World Cup, providing experience in a home squad that ultimately wins the inaugural championship.
Historic Home World Cup Squad
Petrone belongs to Uruguay's championship squad for the inaugural World Cup, adding another major honour to his two Olympic football gold medals.
World Cup Final Midfield Control
Andrade helps organise Uruguay's midfield against Argentina in the 1930 final as the hosts recover from a half-time deficit to win 4-2.
Centenario Final Midfield Battle
Fernández competes in the central areas as Uruguay overturns Argentina's lead in the first FIFA World Cup final at the Estadio Centenario.
World Cup Final Defensive Midfield Work
Gestido provides covering and passing from midfield in Uruguay's 4-2 World Cup final victory, contributing to the hosts' second-half recovery.
Communist Party of Indochina
Following appeals for unity by Ho Chi-Minh, the Communist Party of Indochina united with the Communist Party of Annam and the Communist League of Indochina and founded the Communist Party of Vietnam
Communist Party of Vietnam
Following appeals for unity by Ho Chi-Minh, the Communist Party of Indochina united with the Communist Party of Annam and the Communist League of Indochina and founded the Communist Party of Vietnam
Arrested by French
Arrested for anti-colonial activity and imprisoned by French authorities
ICCP
The name is changed almost immediately to the Indochinese Communist Party (ICP), ostensibly to include revolutionaries from Kampuchea and Laos. Ho Chi Minh founds the Vietnamese Communist Party by unifying three smaller communist movements that had emerged in northern, central and southern Vietnam during the late 1920. Founds the Indo China Communist Party
Reballion of Helps lead a Communist
Helps lead a Communist led peasant revolt
Marriage to Henry Maxwell Andrews
West married the banker Henry Maxwell Andrews while maintaining her literary career.
The Science of Life
Wells collaborated on The Science of Life, a popular scientific survey.
The Autocracy of Mr Parham
Wells published The Autocracy of Mr Parham, a political satire.
Late Literary Essays
Strachey continued literary commentary while coping with declining health.