Legislation
Sterilization measures come into effect to prevent hereditary illness
Historical events in 1934
622 historical records
January 193435 historical events
Letter
Thanked by Hitler for "services rendered to the National Socialist movement"
National Socialism
Thanked by Hitler for "services rendered to the National Socialist movement"
President of Switzerland
Begins a one-year term as President of the Swiss Confederation.
First Tatarescu Government
Tatarescu begins a long Liberal administration under Carol II.
Reichstag Fire
Van der Lubbe is beheaded in a German prison yard after being found guilty of the Reichstag fire
Execution
Guillotined in a Leipzig prison yard, three days before his 25th birthday
Reichstag Fire
Van der Lubbe is beheaded in a German prison yard after being found guilty of the Reichstag fire
Birth of Josep Jacques Jean Chretien
Birth of Josep Jacques Jean Chretien
Fall of Grau Government
Leaves office under pressure from Batista and conservative forces.
Artificial Radioactivity
Announces artificial radioactivity with Irene Joliot-Curie.
Artificial Radioactivity
Announces artificial radioactivity with Frederic Joliot-Curie.
Birth of Raymond Briggs
Birth of Raymond Briggs
Birth of Placido Domingo
Birth of Placido Domingo
Pact between Germany and Poland
Pact of non-aggression and friendship between Germany and Poland
Pact of non-aggression and friendship between Germany and Poland
Pact of non-aggression and friendship between Germany and Poland
Alliance Germany and Poland
Pact of non-aggression and friendship between Germany and Poland. Attempts to undermine France's alliances with Eastern Europe
Pact between Germany and Poland
Pact of non-aggression and friendship between Germany and Poland
Treaty of Non-Aggression
Pact of non-aggression and friendship between Germany and Poland
Alliance Adolf Hitler and France
Diffuses aggressive intentions & draws Poland away from an alliance with France
Alliance Agreement with France
Diffuses aggressive intentions & draws Poland away from an alliance with France
Signs a pact of non-aggression with Poland
Signs a pact of non-aggression with Poland
Fatherland Front
All political parties are banned except for the "Fatherland Front"
Political Parties
All political parties are banned except for the "Fatherland Front"
Gold Reserve Act
Roosevelt signs the Gold Reserve Act, transferring monetary gold to the United States Treasury and ending domestic redemption of currency in gold as the monetary framework changes during the Depression.
Gold Reserve Act
The Act transfers monetary gold to the Treasury and changes the official gold value.
Gold Reserve Act
The Gold Reserve Act transfers monetary gold to the Treasury and ends domestic redemption of dollars in gold, consolidating the administration's new monetary regime.
Gold Reserve Act
The Gold Reserve Act transfers monetary gold to the Treasury and prohibits dollar redemption in gold.
Dollar Gold Revaluation
Roosevelt fixes the official price of gold at 35 dollars per ounce, devaluing the dollar and establishing the gold price later used by the Bretton Woods system.
Commander of Long March
Appointed Commander during the Long March
Long March
Appointed Commander during the Long March
Congress of Ruijing
Supports Russia & its achievements & says the communist army will be victorious
Commander of Long March
Appointed Commander during the Long March
Army Power
Becomes Cuba's dominant military power after the 1933 revolution.
Exchange Stabilization Fund
Treasury establishes the Exchange Stabilization Fund using profits from the gold revaluation, giving the government a new instrument for managing currencies and reserves.
February 193417 historical events
Balkan Entente
Titulescu helps conclude the Balkan Entente with Greece, Turkey, and Yugoslavia.
Treaty of Balkans
Turkey, Greece, Romania & Yugoslavia mutually guarantee the security of the Balkan frontiers & pledge not to take any action with regard to any Balkan non-signatory state without previous consultation. The Turkish, Greek, Romanian, and Yugoslav Governments sign the Balkan Pact. The Balkan Pact reflects the work of the Romanian Foreign Minister, Nicholas Titulescu
Treaty of Balkans
Turkey, Greece, Romania & Yugoslavia mutually guarantee the security of the Balkan frontiers & pledge not to take any action with regard to any Balkan non-signatory state without previous consultation
Treaty of Balkans
The Turkish, Greek, Romanian, and Yugoslav Governments sign the Balkan Pact
First Malypetr Government
The First Malypetr Government ends in Prague, concluding this term as Prime Minister of Czechoslovakia.
Second Malypetr Government
Begins the Second Malypetr Government in Prague and serves as Prime Minister of Czechoslovakia.
Trade Treaty
Trade Treaty signed between Britain & Russia
Treaty of Trade
Trade Treaty signed between Britain & Russia
Reballion of socialist
Crushes a socialist rebellion
New Life Movement
Launches the New Life Movement in Nanchang, promoting discipline, hygiene, social order and a moral program influenced by Confucian values.
Succession
Succeeds as King of Belgium
Birth of Bernard Bresslaw
Birth of Bernard Bresslaw
Plot
Hitler makes Rohm sign an agreement with Blomber restricting the activity of ths SA
Reform of Government
Hitler makes Rohm sign an agreement with Blomber restricting the activity of ths SA
Purge
Hitler makes Rohm sign an agreement with Blomber restricting activity of the SA
Reform of Government
Hitler makes Rohm sign an agreement with Blomber restricting activity of the SA
Rule of China
Japan proclaims a protectorate over China, an "Asiatic Monroe Doctrine"
March 19346 historical events
Birth of Joan Ann Hackett
Birth of Joan Ann Hackett
Independence of Philippines
The US promises the Philippines independence
Independence of United States of America
The US promises the Philippines independence
Recognition of Independence
The US promises the Philippines independence
Reform of Driver Licensing
Driving tests become mandatory
Strike
A strike breaks out in Saragossa
April 193420 historical events
Constitution of Germany
Abolishes state assemblies & transfers all sovereign power to the Reich
Birth of Ulrike Marie Meinhof
Birth of Ulrike Marie Meinhof
Demonstrations
Suspends the campaign of civil disobedience
Japanโs Amau statement warns foreign powers against actions in China that Tokyo
Japanโs Amau statement warns foreign powers against actions in China that Tokyo considers contrary to Japanese interests.
Armament
The French refuse to negotiate & allow any increase in German arms. Attempts a 4 power convention for a rearmament settlement with the Germans
Gestapo
Goering forms a partnership with Himmler and Heydrich, placing the Gestapo under their control, in order to crush the SA
Sicherheitsdienst
Goering forms a partnership with Himmler and Heydrich, placing the Gestapo under their control, in order to crush the SA
Reform of Secret Police
Goering hands over the Gestapo to Himmler
Reform of Policing
Himmler has control over the SS, Gestapo (political police) & SD (secret police). Goering hands over the Gestapo to Himmler
Death of Carsten Borchgrevink
Death of Carsten Borchgrevink
Rutherford Opens Scoring in FA Cup Final
Rutherford puts Portsmouth ahead against Manchester City in the FA Cup final before Fred Tilson's two goals reverse the contest.
Portsmouth Returns to Wembley
Tinn again leads Portsmouth into the FA Cup final, but Manchester City wins 2โ1 after overturning an early deficit.
Japan issues the Amu-Settlement, a hands off China warning to the USA
Japan issues the "Amu-Settlement", a "hands off" China warning to the USA & Britain
Settlement-Amu
Japan issues the "Amu-Settlement", a "hands off" China warning to the USA & Britain
Japan issues the Amu-Settlement, a hands off China warning to the USA
Japan issues the "Amu-Settlement", a "hands off" China warning to the USA & Britain
Rule of China
Japan issues the "Amu-Settlement", a "hands off" China warning to the USA & Britain
Settlement-Amu
Japan issues the "Amu-Settlement", a "hands off" China warning to the USA & Britain
Amu-Settlement
Japan issues the "Amu-Settlement", a "hands off" China warning to the USA & Britain
Japan issues the Amu-Settlement, a hands off China warning to the USA
Japan issues the "Amu-Settlement", a "hands off" China warning to the USA & Britain
Rule of China
Japan issues the "Amu-Settlement", a "hands off" China warning to the USA & Britain
May 193413 historical events
Red-Shifts in the Spectra of Nebulae
Hubble delivers and publishes the Halley Lecture on red-shifts in nebular spectra, reviewing observational evidence and the competing physical interpretations of galaxy redshifts.
Birth of Alan Bennett
Birth of Alan Bennett, son of a co-op butcher
Meeting with Anthony Eden & refuses to make any
Meets Anthony Eden & refuses to make any armament concessions
Reform of Unemployment Support
Creates an unemployment assistance board to administer aid at a fixed national rate
Prime Minister of Poland
Appointed Prime Minister of Poland
Arms Embargo
Supports League of Nations efforts to restrict arms shipments to Bolivia and Paraguay during the Chaco War.
Armament
Japan declares the Washington & London Naval treaties "obsolete"
Japan declares the Washington & London Naval Treaties as obsolete
Japan declares the Washington & London Naval Treaties as "obsolete"
Treaty of Washington
Japan declares the Washington & London Naval treaties "obsolete"
Conference of Disarmament
Final day of the conference but the French and German positions are irreconcilable
Prime Minister of Spain
Apponted Prime Minister of Spain
Armament
Turkey distrusts Italy's policy in the eastern Mediterranean
Armament
Turkey distrusts Italy's east Mediterranean policy
June 193482 historical events
Transjordan Mandate
Britain and Transjordan supplemented their 1928 agreement with additional provisions governing their official relationship. The supplementary arrangement modified the framework of autonomy while retaining Britainโs special responsibilities.
Cold War Commentary
Kerensky continues political activity connected with cold war commentary.
National Socialist Revolution
Hitler has a meeting with Rohm for 5 hrs & warns him not to start a 2nd revolution
Sturmabteilung (SA)
Hitler has a meeting with Rohm, the SA has to take 1 months leave
National Socialist Revolution
Hitler meets Rohm, the SA is asked to take 1 months leave. Hitler has a meeting with Rohm for 5 hrs & warns him not to start a 2nd revolution
Securities Exchange Act
The Act regulates securities exchanges and creates continuing reporting requirements.
Cabinet Promotion
Is promoted to Lord Privy Seal and minister responsible for League of Nations affairs
Minister of League of Nations
Appointed Minister of the League of Nations
Five-Goal Scoring Lead
Scores five goals for Czechoslovakia, the highest total at the 1934 tournament.
1934 FIFA World Cup Final - Frantiลกek Plรกniฤka
Frantiลกek Plรกniฤka captained Czechoslovakia from goal and resisted Italyโs attack until the hosts prevailed in extra time.
Death of Frederick Delius
Death of Frederick Delius
World Cup Winner
Giampiero Combi leads Italy as goalkeeper and captain when the hosts beat Czechoslovakia 2-1 after extra time in the 1934 World Cup final.
1934 FIFA World Cup Final - Eraldo Monzeglio
Eraldo Monzeglio defended Italyโs right side as the home team recovered from a late deficit and secured its first world championship.
1934 Final Winning Goal
Scores Italy's extra-time winner in the World Cup final against Czechoslovakia.
World Cup Winner
Angelo Schiavio scores the decisive extra-time goal against Czechoslovakia as Italy wins a dramatic World Cup final on home soil.
1934 FIFA World Cup Final - Giuseppe Meazza
Giuseppe Meazza supplied the attacking craft in Italyโs front line as the hosts overcame Czechoslovakia 2โ1 after extra time.
World Cup Winner
Giuseppe Meazza plays a prominent attacking role in Italy's 1934 final, supplying the move that produces Schiavio's extra-time winning goal.
1934 Final Equalizer
Scores Italy's equalizer in the World Cup final before the match goes to extra time.
World Cup Winner
Raimundo Orsi scores Italy's late equaliser against Czechoslovakia, preventing defeat in normal time and extending the 1934 final into extra time.
World Cup Captain
Captains Italy to its first World Cup title after extra time against Czechoslovakia.
Italy World Cup Title Manager
Coaches host nation Italy to its first FIFA World Cup championship.
World Cup Winner
Vittorio Pozzo directs Italy's 1934 campaign and oversees the extra-time final victory that brings the national team its first World Cup championship.
1934 FIFA World Cup Final - Attilio Ferraris
Attilio Ferraris battled in midfield as Italy turned a one-goal deficit into a dramatic extra-time win over Czechoslovakia.
1934 FIFA World Cup Final - Giovanni Ferrari
Giovanni Ferrari helped Italy link its midfield with the forwards during the comeback victory over Czechoslovakia in Rome.
1934 FIFA World Cup Final - Luis Monti
Luis Monti controlled space ahead of the Italian defence against Czechoslovakia, becoming the first player to appear in World Cup finals for two different countries.
Meeting with In Venice
Hitler & Mussolini meet in Venice
Meeting with In Venice
Hitler & Mussolini meet in Venice
Speech
Drafts Papens speech at the University of Marburg, calls for a halt to Nazi excess
Speech
At the University of Marburg calls for a halt to the Nazi excesses
Plot
Promises General Blomber that he will suppress the SA leadership. Meets with Lutze & declares that the SA must go
Sturmabteilung (SA)
Meets with Lutze & declares that the SA must go
Sturmabteilung (SA)
Meets with Lutze & declares that the SA must go
Deputy Prime Minister
Appointed Deputy Prime Minister
Health of Stanley Baldwin
Takes over most of Ramsey MacDonalds responsibilities due to the latters poor health
Invasion of Albania
Italy invades Albania
Invasion of Albania
Italy invades Albania
Credit Unions
Roosevelt signs the Federal Credit Union Act, establishing Credit Unions
Economy of USA
Roosevelt signs the Federal Credit Union Act, establishing Credit Unions
Federal Credit Union Act
Roosevelt signs the Federal Credit Union Act, establishing Credit Unions
Legislation
Roosevelt signs the Federal Credit Union Act, establishing Credit Unions
Purge
Journalist & Speech writer for von Papen, shot in the Lichterfelde Barracks
Death of Edgar Jung
Death of Edgar Jung, executed by the Nazis
Execution
Executed by the Nazis, had drafted Papens protest speech 13 days prior
Purge
NSDAP Reichstag deputy, shot in bed with his chauffeur & Lustknabe at Bad Wiesee
Purge
Head of Preusischen Ministerie Polizei, Center Party, Catholic Action, shot
Night of Long Knives
Assassinations against the SA & ideas of Ernst Roehm who wants a Socialist revolution
Purge
A group of Nazis attempt to kill Papen but he persuades them not to
Death of Fritz Beck
Death of Fritz Beck, executed by the Nazis
Execution
Executed by the Nazis, Director of the Students Welfare Fund
Death of Fritz Gerlich
Death of Fritz Gerlich, executed by the Nazis
Execution
Execution of Fritz Gerlich, executed by the Nazis for editing an anti-Nazi newspaper
Purge
Executed by a group of Nazis
Assassination of Kurt von Schleicher
Assassinated during the Night of the Long Knives
Death of Kurt von Schleicher
Assassinated during the Night of the Long Knives
Purge
Executed by one of Goerings death squads in Berlin
Purge
Executed by a group of Nazis
Arrest during Night of the Long Knives
An SS commando arrests Kahr at his Munich home during the Night of the Long Knives and transports him toward Dachau.
Murder of Gustav Ritter von Kahr
SS personnel murder Kahr at Dachau during the Night of the Long Knives, eleven years after he opposed Hitler's putsch.
Arrest of Ernst Rohm and other SA Leaders
Confronts Rohm & has him & other SA leaders arrested
Arrest of Ernst Rohm and other SA Leaders
Confronts Rohm & has him & other SA leaders arrested. Confronts Rohm, accuses hime of organizing a rebellion & has him arrested
Arrest of Nazi Party rivals
Orders the arrest & execution of all rivals to him within the Nazi Party
Execution
Orders the arrest & execution of all rivals to him within the Nazi Party. Execution of Fritz Gerlich, executed by the Nazis for editing an anti-Nazi newspaper. Executed by the Nazis, had drafted Papens protest speech 13 days prior. Executed by the Nazis, Director of the Students Welfare Fund
Night of Long Knives
Confronts Rohm & has him & other SA leaders arrested
Night of Long Knives
Gives the codeword, "Kolibri" & triggers off a massacre in Berlin. Assassinations against the SA & ideas of Ernst Roehm who wants a Socialist revolution
Arrest of Ernst Rohm
Arrested alongside othe SA leader & held in a prison cell in Munich
Coup
Heydrich has his men uncover false "evidence" that SA leader Ernst Rohm was plotting to overthrow Hitler
Night of Long Knives
Helps organize the Night of the Long Knives. Goering forms a partnership with Himmler and Heydrich, placing the Gestapo under their control, in order to crush the SA
Night of Long Knives
Heydrich and Himmler put pressure on Hitler to purge the leading members of the SA, and they assure him that the SS will carry out the murders, Heydrich had drawn up lists of all of the powerful SA men to be killed along with Rohm.
Night of Long Knives
Heydrich has his men uncover false "evidence" that SA leader Ernst Rohm was plotting to overthrow Hitler.
Night of Long Knives
Rohm is shot without trial along with all of the important members of the SA in this bloodbath, which the Nazis coined the Night of the Long Knives.
Night of Long Knives
Plays a leading part in eliminating many leaders of the SA who are a threat to Hitler
Purge
Has a list of those who are executed. Goering & Himmler organize the arrest of the SA in Berlin
Purge
The "Hero of Annaberg", shot by SS firing squad in Stadelheim Prison
Purge
Goering & Himmler organize the arrest of the SA in Berlin
Purge
Hearing of the attempted "Putsch" turns himself in to Gestapo headquarters, executed
Purge
Shot in his estate by SS troopers on order of his rival Erich von dem Bach-Zelewski
Government Report
Submits a report to Hitler about Rohms mutinous talk & vice
Purge
Submits a report to Hitler about Rohms mutinous talk & vice. Informs the Army of a threatened putsch by the SA, military units go on alert
Kermanshah Petroleum Company Registered
Registers the Kermanshah Petroleum Company as a subsidiary for development of the Naft-e Shah region.
Transjordan Mandate
The updated Anglo-Transjordan arrangements adjusted how authority was exercised between Abdullahโs administration and British representatives. The settlement showed that the emirateโs constitutional position continued to evolve before full independence.
Strike
Agrarian strikes in Andalucia
Strike
Agrarian strikes in Estremadura
July 193446 historical events
Purge
SA-Obersturmfuhrer, member of staff SA Gruf Ernst. executed at Lichterfelde
Purge
Anti-Nazi Catholic journalist, arrested 9 March 1933, killed at Dachau
Purge
Executed during the Blood Purge
Execution
Has Gregor Strasser executed, 1 of the founders of the Nazi Party. Former Chancellor Schleicher is gunned down by 6 assassins
Execution
The execution of Rohm gives Hitler full control of the SA
Execution
Has von Kahr executed because he had led the troops against Hitler's Beer Hall putsch
Death of Ernst Rohm
Death of Ernst Rohm, executed by the NAZIs
Execution
Rohm refuses to kill himself with a gun which is offerred to him & is executed
Purge
Shoots Ernst Rohm
Securities and Exchange Commission
Kennedy becomes the first SEC chairman and begins federal oversight of securities markets.
Bank of Canada Act
Creates the Bank of Canada during the Depression.
Death of Marie Sklodowska Curie
Death of Marie Sklodowska Curie at the Sancellemoz sanatorium.
Death of Marie Sklodowska Curie
Dies from aplastic anaemia linked to long radiation exposure.
Radiation Illness
Dies after years of exposure to radioactive materials and wartime X-rays.
Armament
Speaks up in favour of British rearmament at a speech made in Stoke-on-Trent
Assassination of Erich Klausener
Assassinated during the Night of the Long Knives
Death of Erich Klausener
Death of Erich Klausener, assassinated
Night of Long Knives
Assassinated during the Night of the Long Knives
Night of Long Knives
Hitler instructs Wilhelm Frick to draft a law making the killings legal. Defends his actions in the Reichstag which "belonged to a higher justice". Defends himself in the Reichstag as "the Supreme Justiciar of the German People". Announces Rohm, von Schleicher & Gregor Strasser plotted against the Reich
Night of Long Knives
Hitler instructs Wilhelm Frick to draft a law making the killings legal
Constitution of Brazil
Resembles Italian corporatism, has the enthusiastic support of the pro-fascist wing of the tenente & industrialists
Party Constitution
Resembles Italian corporatism, has the enthusiastic support of the pro-fascist wing of the tenente & industrialists
Queensway Tunnel
Opens the Queensway road tunnel under the Mersey.
Armament
Royal Air Force squadrons are to be increased by 41. Announces a new air Defence program
Assassination of Engelbert Dollfuss
Takes part in a Nazi led coup against the Austrian Government & assassinated Dolfuss
Coup
Takes part in a Nazi led coup against the Austrian Government & assassinated Dolfuss. Takes part in a Nazi led coup against the Austrian Government
Anschluss
Assassinated after opposing anschluss with Germany
Assassination of Engelbert Dollfuss
Assassinated by Nazis in the Austrian Chancellery during a failed coup
Coup
Assassinated by Nazis in the Austrian Chancellery during a failed coup
Death of Engelbert Dollfuss
Death of Engelbert Dollfuss
Chancellor
Appointed Chancellor of Austria, succeeds Dolfuss who was assassinated by the Nazis
Coup
Takes part in a Nazi led coup against the Austrian Government
Coup
Assassinated by Nazis in the Austrian Chancellery during a failed coup
Coup
Austrian Nazis break into the Federal Chancellery & assassinate Dolfuss
Assassination of Engelbert Dollfuss
Nazis murder Dolfuss during a failed coup after he objects to anschluss with Germany
Coup
Nazis murder Dolfuss during a failed coup after he objects to anschluss with Germany
Coup
Austrian Nazis break into the Federal Chancellery & assassinate Dolfuss
Death of Marie Dressler
Death of Marie Dressler
Asgeir Asgeirsson Government
The Asgeir Asgeirsson Government ends, concluding this term as Prime Minister of Iceland.
First Hermann Jonasson Government
Begins the First Hermann Jonasson Government and serves as Prime Minister of Iceland.
Prime Minister of Iceland
Appointed Prime Minister of Iceland
Golden Boot FIFA World Cup
Scores 5 goals for Czechoslovakia to claim the FIFA World Cup scoring honour. The achievement reflects propelling Czechoslovakia towards the final in Italy.
Arrest of Adolf Hitler
More than 150 SA leaders are arrested & executed
Coup
Severely discredited by the failure, Habicht went into seclusion in the Harz mountains before being allowed to take up the post of Mayor of Wittenberg in 1937. Habicht sets up a leadership-in-exile in Munich which directed a campaign of terror against the Dollfua regime which culminates in a failed coup attempt in the murder of Dollfua in July 1934
Reichskommissar
Appointed Reichskommissar (Reich commissioner)
Prime Minister of Japan
Appointed Prime Minister of Japan
August 193424 historical events
Constitution of Germany
A law is passed combining the offices of "Fuhrer and Reich Chancellor" with President
Constitution of Germany
Goebbels makes a broadcast announcing the merger of the offices of Fuhrer & President
Death of Adolf Hitler
Deth of Hindenburg, Hitler becomes head of state & the army swears an oath to him
Constitution of Germany
Appoints himself as President of Germany after the death of President von Hindenburg
Oath
The armed forces swear an oath of allegiance to the "Fuhrer & Chancellor Adolf Hitler"
Broadcast
Broadcasts to the nation announcing the merger of the offices of Fuhrer & President
Constitution of Germany
Broadcasts to the nation announcing the merger of the offices of Fuhrer & President
Minister of War
The Ministry of Defence is renamed the Ministry of War, Blomberg becomes Minister of War and Commander in Chief of the Armed Forces
Ministry of War
The Ministry of Defence is renamed the Ministry of War, Blomberg becomes Minister of War and Commander in Chief of the Armed Forces
President of Germany
Appointed President of Germany
Death of Paul Ludwig Hans von Hindenburg
Death of Paul Ludwig Hans von Hindenburg
Constitution of Germany
After Reichspresident Paul von Hindenburg dies, personally orders all soldiers in the army to pledge the Reichswehreid Oath of allegiance not to Volk and Fatherland, but to the new Reichspresident and Fuhrer Adolf Hitler
Death of Werner von Blomberg
After Reichspresident Paul von Hindenburg dies, personally orders all soldiers in the army to pledge the Reichswehreid Oath of allegiance not to Volk and Fatherland, but to the new Reichspresident and Fuhrer Adolf Hitler
Oath
After Reichspresident Paul von Hindenburg dies, personally orders all soldiers in the army to pledge the Reichswehreid Oath of allegiance not to Volk and Fatherland, but to the new Reichspresident and Fuhrer Adolf Hitler
Reichswehreid Oath
After Reichspresident Paul von Hindenburg dies, personally orders all soldiers in the army to pledge the Reichswehreid Oath of allegiance not to Volk and Fatherland, but to the new Reichspresident and Fuhrer Adolf Hitler
Commander in Chief
The Ministry of Defence is renamed the Ministry of War, Blomberg becomes Minister of War and Commander in Chief of the Armed Forces
Ministry of War
The Ministry of Defence is renamed the Ministry of War, Blomberg becomes Minister of War and Commander in Chief of the Armed Forces
Commander in Chief of Armed Forces
The Ministry of Defence is renamed the Ministry of War, Blomberg becomes Minister of War and Commander in Chief of the Armed Forces
Reichswehreid Oath
After Reichspresident Paul von Hindenburg dies, personally orders all soldiers in the army to pledge the Reichswehreid Oath of allegiance not to Volk and Fatherland, but to the new Reichspresident and Fuhrer Adolf Hitler
Fuhrer Chancellor
On the death of Hindenburg proclaims himself Fuhrer, a position created by himself
ILO
The USA joins the Internation Labour Organisation
Provisional President Takes Office
Menendez serves as provisional President while Martinez campaigns for election
Weimar Republic
The powers of the Lander (states) were transferred to the Reich, rendering the Reichsrat obsolete, a month later, the01 Reichsrat itself was dissolved & when President von Hindenburg die in August Hitler appropriated the presidents powers for himself
Commissar
Appointed Peoples Commissar for Defence
September 193418 historical events
President of Ecuador
Appointed President of Ecuador, 1st term
Lieutenant
Appointed Lieutenant Colonel in the General Staff, advocate of tank blitzkriegs
League of Nations
Litvinov also actively facilitates the acceptance of the USSR into the League of Nations where he represents his country from 1934-1938
League of Nations
Russia joins the League of Nations
USSR Admission
Represents the USSR as it enters the League.
League of Nations
Russia takes its seat on the Council of the League of Nations
League of Nations
The USSR is admitted into the League of Nations
USSR Admission
The USSR joins the League and gains a Council seat.
Birth of Brian Epstein
Birth of Brian Epstein
Birth of Brian Epstein
Birth of Brian Epstein, later manager of the Beatles and part of Birmingham-linked touring culture.
Birth of Brian Epstein
Birth of Brian Epstein, future manager of the Beatles.
Birth of Leonard Norman Cohen
Birth of Leonard Norman Cohen
Launch of Queen Mary
Bates oversees Cunard's programme when Queen Mary launches the new express liner.
League of Nations
Afghanistan joins the League of Nations during Zahir Shah's reign.
Rule of Jehol
Jehol is added to the empire of Manchukuo
Rule of Mongolia
Inner Mongolia is added to the empire of Manchukuo
Rule of Manchukuo
The League of Nations refuses to recognize Japan's new "empire" in Manchukuo
Rule of Manchukuo
The League of Nations refuses to recognize Japan's new "empire" in Manchukuo. Manchukuo is placed under the supervision of the Japanese military police
October 193434 historical events
Government
Includes 3 CEDA ministers in the Government
Reballion of left & centre-left breaks out to prevent a fascist takeover
A rebellion of the left & centre-left breaks out to prevent a fascist takeover
Reballion of Francisco Largo Caballero
Leads a socialist revolt in Madrid
Reballion of left & centre-left breaks out to prevent a fascist takeover
A rebellion of the left & centre-left breaks out to prevent a fascist takeover
Reballion of Rebels in Madrid is suppressed
A rebellion in Madrid is suppressed
Reballion of Rebels in Madrid is suppressed
A rebellion in Madrid is suppressed
Assassination of Louis Barthou
Assassinated with Alexander I of Yugoslavia while greeting his arrival
Death of Louis Barthou
Death of Louis Barthou
Long March Departure
Leaves the Jiangxi base with the Red Army as the Long March begins.
Long March
The Ruijing base is abandoned & the Long March begins. 80,000 communists troops are pursued by 400,000 strong army of nationalists
Long March
Begins a withdrawal after defeats by the Nationalists to the province of Shensi
Long March
Mao begins a 12 month long march to establish a new base in northern China at Yennan
Long March
Commander in Chief of the Communist forces
Birth of John Norman Johnny Haynes
Birth of John Norman "Johnny" Haynes
Conference of London
The Naval Disarmament Conference opens in London
Diplomatic Negotiations at London
Proposes naval equality with Britain & the USA. Negotiations begin to change the Washington & London naval treaties
Diplomatic Negotiations at London
Negotiations begin to change the Washington & London naval treaties
Deutsche Arbeits Front
Issues a decree compelling all workers have to join the Deutsche Arbeits Front
Labour Movement
The Nazi labour movement is formed
Resignation of Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi
Gandhi resigns from the Indian Congress Party
Burmese Days
Burmese Days is first published in the United States.
Jiangxi Soviet Pressure
Nationalist encirclement pressure helps force the Communist leadership to abandon the Jiangxi Soviet and begin the Long March.
Booklovers' Corner
Works in a Hampstead bookshop.
Slow Neutron Experiments
Contributes to the Rome experiments establishing the unusually high effectiveness of slow neutrons.
Slow Neutron Experiments
Participates in the Rome group discovery that slowed neutrons produce much stronger activation effects.
Slow Neutron Experiments
Participates in experiments showing that moderation strongly increases neutron-induced radioactivity.
Slow Neutron Enhancement
Discovers with his Rome group that slowing neutrons with hydrogen-rich material such as paraffin greatly increases their effectiveness in producing nuclear reactions.
Slow Neutron Experiments
Works with Fermi group on experiments revealing the enhanced action of slow neutrons.
Reballion of Rebels in Asturias
A rebelllion breaks out of 50,000 workers, mainly miners, becomes a regional civil war
Resignation of Ricardo Samper
Resigns as Prime Minister of Spain
Reballion of Rebels in Asturias
Orders units of the Spanish Foreign Legion & Moorish regulars to Asturias
Reballion of Rebels in Asturias
Shoots political prisoners
Capture of Oviedo
Rebels capture Oviedo
Reballion of Rebels in Asturias
A rebelllion breaks out of 50,000 workers, mainly miners, becomes a regional civil war
November 19348 historical events
Captain
1st match as captain of the England team during the infamous "Battle of Highbury" against Italy, who were reigning World Champions, England win 3-2
Battle of Highbury England Captain
Captains England as seven Arsenal players start the famous 3-2 victory over world champions Italy at Highbury.
Second de Broqueville Government
The Second de Broqueville Government ends in Brussels, concluding this period as Prime Minister of Belgium.
Second Georges Theunis Government
Begins the Second Georges Theunis Government in Brussels and serves as Prime Minister of Belgium.
Reform of Government
Announces economic relief for depressed areas
Hereditary Titles
Bans hereditary titles
Villamontes Coup
Military commanders remove Salamanca while he visits the Chaco front.
Armament
Warns of growing German air strength
December 193421 historical events
SS
Appointed Member of Deathshead Formation (Totenkopf Verband)
Assassination of Sergei Mironovich Kirov
The assassination of Kirov sparks off purges in Russia
Assassination of Sergei Mironovich Kirov
Assassination by Stalins men is used by Stalin to begin his party purges
Death of Sergei Mironovich Kirov
Death of Sergei Mironovich Kirov, assassinated
Referendum
Accepts Edens offer to send a force to preserve order against Nazi intimidation
Walwal Incident
Appeals after clashes with Italian forces at Walwal.
Invasion of Ethiopia
IDemands compensation for the incident at Wal Wal as a ploy to invade Ethiopia
Italian & Ethiopian troops clash, 100 Ethiopian & 30 Italian troops are
Italian & Ethiopian troops clash, 100 Ethiopian & 30 Italian troops are killed. IDemands compensation for the incident at Wal Wal as a ploy to invade Ethiopia
National and South African Parties Merge
Combines Hertzog's National Party faction with Smuts's South African Party.
United Party Formation
Helps create the United Party through political fusion.
Fusion Government Organisation
Becomes deputy leader within the new fusion organization.
United Party Formation
Helps establish the United Party with Hertzog.
Nobel Prize in Literature
Is awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature for renewing dramatic and theatrical art.
Reform of Electoral System
Women are given the vote
International Conference at London
The naval conference between Japan, Britain & the USA breaks down. Japan abrogates its naval treaties
Special Areas Act
The Special Areas Act provides assistance to districts suffering severe industrial unemployment.
Free State
Concludes the coal & cattle pact, a trade agreement made with the Irish Free State
Trade Agreement at London
Concludes the coal & cattle pact, a trade agreement made with the Irish Free State
Birth of Margaret Natalie Smith Cross
Birth of Margaret Natalie Smith Cross
Birth of Maggie Smith
Birth of Maggie Smith
Josiah Willard Gibbs Lecture
Delivers the Gibbs Lecture on an elementary proof of the equivalence of mass and energy.
Minister of Public Works
Appointed Minister of Public Works
Minister of External Affairs
Appointed Minister of External Affairs
Member of Parliament
Elected Member of Parliament for Kooyong
Constitution of Austria
All political parties, except for the Fatherland Front, are banned. Allied with Horthy in Hungary & Mussolini in Italy, proclaims a fascist Constitution
Constitution of Austria
Allied with Horthy in Hungary & Mussolini in Italy, proclaims a fascist Constitution
Fatherland Front
All political parties, except for the Fatherland Front, are banned
Arrest of Karl Seitz
Arrested during the coup
Coup
Arrested during the coup
Federal Economic Council
Appointed Member of Federal Economic Council
Arrest of Karl Renner
Arrested following a socialist rebellion
Coup
Arrested following a socialist rebellion
Logical Positivism
Criticises psychologism, naturalism, inductionism, and logical positivism, and put forth his theory of potential falsifiability as the criterion demarcating science from non-science
Logik der Forschung
Publishes his first book, "Logik der Forschung" (The Logic of Scientific Discovery). Criticises psychologism, naturalism, inductionism, and logical positivism, and put forth his theory of potential falsifiability as the criterion demarcating science from non-science
first book, "Logik der Forschung" (The Logic of Scientific Discovery)
Publishes his first book, "Logik der Forschung" (The Logic of Scientific Discovery). Criticises psychologism, naturalism, inductionism, and logical positivism, and put forth his theory of potential falsifiability as the criterion demarcating science from non-science
his
Publishes his first book, "Logik der Forschung" (The Logic of Scientific Discovery). Criticises psychologism, naturalism, inductionism, and logical positivism, and put forth his theory of potential falsifiability as the criterion demarcating science from non-science
Fatherland Front
After Engelbert Dollfuss created the Fatherland Front he gained control over and incorporated the Heimwehr into other right-wing militaries with the help of Ernst Rodiger Starhemberg
Heimwehr
After Engelbert Dollfuss created the Fatherland Front he gained control over and incorporated the Heimwehr into other right-wing militaries with the help of Ernst Rodiger Starhemberg
Fatherland Front
After Engelbert Dollfuss created the Fatherland Front he gained control over and incorporated the Heimwehr into other right-wing militaries with the help of Ernst Rodiger Starhemberg
Socialist Party
When the Socialist Party is banned by the Dollfuss dictatorship, Kreisky gets involved in underground political work
Coup
Arrested during the coup
Coup
Arrested following a socialist rebellion
Princeton Position Declined
Declines an offered permanent position at Princeton University and continues his search for a suitable European academic post.
Princeton Lectures
Delivers lectures at Princeton University on quantum mechanics and related theoretical problems after leaving Germany.
Reballion of Rebels in Vienna
The 1st day of 5 days of civil war. Orders the Austrian army to attack socialist housing estates in Vienna
Joins Security Service
Joins the Security Service Main Office as an SS-Scharfuehrer.
SD Main Office Assignment
Begins intelligence work within the Nazi security apparatus.
Death of Albert I
Death of Albert I, climbing accident
Vacuum Energy Interpretation
Lemaitre relates the cosmological constant to an energy density of empty space, anticipating the modern vacuum-energy interpretation of dark energy.
Cosmic-Radiation Origin Theory
Connects cosmic rays with processes in the early expanding universe.
Evolution of the Expanding Universe
Develops the primeval-atom model with radioactive cosmic evolution.
Constitution of Bulgaria
The fascist Zuevno movement drives out Boris III but he returns as a royal dictator
Zuevno
The fascist Zuevno movement drives out Boris III but he returns as a royal dictator
Coup
Sets up a military coup in the hope of setting up a military dictatorship
Comintern
Bulgarian Communist leader Georgi Dimitrov heads the Comintern in 1934 and presides until its dissolution
Municipal Suffrage for Women
Promulgates legislation granting women the right to vote in municipal elections.
Party Leader
Appointed Party Leader of the Chinese Communist Party, 2nd term
Succession
Succeeds as Emperor of the Japanese puppet state of Manchoukuo, 1934-45
Chairman
Appointed Head of the Ruijin Soviet
Long March
Commander of a Communist Army Corps during the Long March
Long March
Leads the First Front Army in the Long March
Politburo
Appointed Member of Politburo
Politburo
Appointed Member of Politburo
Politburo
Appointed Member of Politburo
Comintern
During the Long March, the party leadership re-examined its policy and blamed their failure on the CPC military leader Otto Braun, a German sent by Comintern
Long March
During the Long March, the party leadership re-examined its policy and blamed their failure on the CPC military leader Otto Braun, a German sent by Comintern. After a number of military campaigns from Kuomingtang army, the CPC had to give up their bases and started the Long March (1934-1935) to search a new base
Long March
The alliance between Soviet backed Kuomingtang & the Chinese Communist Party breaks up
Long March
4,000 communist soldiers are killed during the communist withdrawal from Kiangsi
Alliance Chiang Kai-Shek and German military advisers
Uses German military advisers and fortified blockhouses during the fifth encirclement campaign against the Jiangxi Soviet.
Long March
4,000 communist soldiers are killed during the communist withdrawal from Kiangsi
Long March
Tehs 1st Front Army marches 6,000 miles over 13 months from Kiangsi to Shensi
Mobilization
Joins forces with the Commander of the 6th Red Army led by Xiao Ke
Red Army
Joins forces with the Commander of the 6th Red Army led by Xiao Ke
Exile of Chang Hsueh-Liang
Returns to China & commands his exiled Manchurian in support of Chiang Kai-Shek
Ambassador
Appointed Ambassador of Vatican City
Coup
Batista and the army, who were the real centre of power in Cuba, replace Grau with Carlos Mendieta y Montefur
President of Cuba
Batista and the army, who were the real centre of power in Cuba, replace Grau with Carlos Mendieta y Montefur
Coup
Batista and the army, who were the real centre of power in Cuba, replace Grau with Carlos Mendieta y Montefur
Platt Amendment
The Government lasts just 100 days, but engineers radical liberal changes in Cuban society and a rejection of the Platt Amendment
An Ordinary Life
Publication of "Meteor". Publication of "An Ordinary Life"
Meteor
Publication of "Meteor". Publication of "An Ordinary Life"
Blood Coagulation Vitamin
Names the newly identified coagulation factor vitamin K.
Vitamin K Identified
Shows that a dietary substance prevents prolonged bleeding.
Coup
A fascist coup replaces the Government of Estonia
L'Atalante
Directs L'Atalante.
Alliance Louis Barthou and Russia
Concludes a mutually defensive pact with Russia
Armament
Senate committee agrees to the Paul-Boncur Security System of 1932
Foreign Secretary of France
Appointed Foreign Minister
Foreign Secretary of France
Appointed Foreign Secretary
Prime Minister of France
Appointed Prime Minister of France
Gold Bloc Austerity
Doumergue's government pursues fiscal and price restraint intended to defend the franc's existing gold parity while neighbouring currencies depreciate.
Prime Minister of France
Appointed Prime Minister of France, 2nd term
Prime Minister of France
Appointed Prime Minister of France, 2nd term
The New Scientific Spirit
Bachelard publishes The New Scientific Spirit, arguing that modern science requires breaks with ordinary intuition.
French Radar Research
Develops French radio-detection work before the Second World War.
Vers lArmee de Metier
Publication of "Vers lArmee de Metier"
Elite College
Involved in the construction of the NAZI Elite College at Sonthofen
Architect
Appointed head architect of the Nazi Government
Education
Placed in charge of the education programme
Reform of Education
Placed in charge of the education programme
Reform of Labour Service
Becomes leader of the Reichsfrauenfuhrerin, German Womens Labour Service
Coup
Sent to Vienna to restore "normal & friendly relations" after a failed Nazi coup
Sent to Vienna to restore normal & friendly relations
Sent to Vienna to restore "normal & friendly relations" after a failed Nazi coup
Assistant Chief
Appointed Assistant Chief of the Gestapo
Gestapo
Appointed Assistant Chief of the Gestapo
Coup
Mussolini mobilizes on the Brenner Pass & forces Hitler to give up annexation. Mussolini mobilizes 4 Divs after the assassination of Dolfuss, Hitler's coup fails
Execution
Van der Lubbe is beheaded in a German prison yard after being found guilty of the Reichstag fire
Commander of Dachau
Appointed Commander of Dachau Concentration Camp
Commander of PSP
Appointed Commander of the Prussian Secret Police
Department Chief
Appointed Department Chief on Rudolf Hess Staff
Hitler's Doctor
Appointed Adolf Hitler's personal doctor-in-residence
Armament
Orders the Army to increase its strength from 100,000 to 300,000 by October 1 1934
Constitution of Germany
The "Peoples Court" was set up outside the operations of the constitutional frame of law, the court had jurisdiction over a rather broad array of "political offenses," which included crimes like black marketeering, work slowdowns, defeatism and treason
Constitution of Germany
Abolishes the title & office of the President
Gestapo
The Gestapo has the authority to arrest citizens on the mere suspicion that they might commit a crime, and the definition of a crime is at their discretion. Hitler says of the Gestapo that "all means, even if they are not in conformity with existing laws and precedents, are permitted if they serve the will of the Fuhrer"
Interview
Announces to a Daily Mail reporter that "war will not come again"
Night of Long Knives
The Reichstag retrospectively makes the plot both "legal & statesmanlike"
Peoples Court
The "Peoples Court" was set up outside the operations of the constitutional frame of law, the court had jurisdiction over a rather broad array of "political offenses," which included crimes like black marketeering, work slowdowns, defeatism and treason.
Peoples Court
The Court handed down an enormous number of death sentences under Judge-President Roland Freisler.
Peoples Court
The Peoples Court (German: Volksgerichtshof) is established in 1934 by Hitler, who had been dissatisfied with the outcome of the Reichstag Fire Trial (all but one of the accused were acquitted).
Treason
The "Peoples Court" was set up outside the operations of the constitutional frame of law, the court had jurisdiction over a rather broad array of "political offenses," which included crimes like black marketeering, work slowdowns, defeatism and treason
Volksgerichtshof
The Peoples Court (German: Volksgerichtshof) is established in 1934 by Hitler, who had been dissatisfied with the outcome of the Reichstag Fire Trial (all but one of the accused were acquitted)
Architect
Appointed head architect of the Nazi Government
Plot
Hitler makes Rohm sign an agreement with Blomber restricting the activity of the SA
Reform of Government
Hitler makes Rohm sign an agreement with Blomber restricting the activity of the SA
Gestapo
Hitler says of the Gestapo that "all means, even if they are not in conformity with existing laws and precedents, are permitted if they serve the will of the Fuhrer"
Concentration Camps
Appointed Inspector of concentration camps by Himmler
Minister of Economics
Appointed Minister of Economics
Night of Long Knives
The Reichstag retrospectively makes the plot both "legal & statesmanlike"
Concentration Camps
"Anti-social members of society into useful members by the most humane means possible"
Lehrerbund
97% of all teachers are enrolled in the NS-Lehrerbund
Minister of Science
Appointed Reich Minister for Science, Education & Culture
Synod
Helps found an anti-Nazi church coalition
Coup
Helps make plans for the German capture of Austria
Rule of Austria
Helps make plans for the German capture of Austria
Leibstandarte SS Adolf Hitler (LSSAH)
In early 1934, Heinrich Himmler, the Reichsfuhrer-SS, orders the Leibstandarte to be renamed Leibstandarte SS Adolf Hitler (LSSAH)
Leibstandarte SS Adolf Hitler (LSSAH)
In early 1934, Heinrich Himmler, the Reichsfuhrer-SS, orders the Leibstandarte to be renamed Leibstandarte SS Adolf Hitler (LSSAH). Hitler decided that the SA had to be put in its place, and ordered Himmler and Hermann Goring to prepare their elite units, Himmlers Leibstandarte and Gorings Landespolizeigruppe General Goring, for immediate action
Night of Long Knives
Blomberg encourages Hitler to crack down on SA leader Ernst Rโhm and his followers, whom he believes pose a serious threat to the army, he condones and participates in the Night of the Long Knives
Armament
Appointed Special Commissioner for the disarmament negotiations
Special Commissioner
Appointed Special Commissioner for the disarmament negotiations
Ambassador
Appointed German Ambassador of the Soviet Union
Resignation as Freiburg Rector
Heidegger resigns the rectorship of the University of Freiburg.
Exile of Herbert Marcuse
Takes refuge in the USA after the Nazis come to power
Institute Relocates to New York
Marcuse worked with the relocated Institute for Social Research as its scholars developed critical social theory in the United States.
Arrest of Konrad Adenauer
Arrested by the Gestapo
German Labour Front (DAF)
The DAF became little more than an arm of the state for the more efficient deployment and disciplining of labour to serve the needs of the regime, particularly its massive expansion of the arms industry
Rally
Holds the 1st mass meeting of the Sudeten Deutsche Partei, over 20,000 attend
Coup
Mussolini mobilizes 4 Divs after the assassination of Dolfuss, Hitler's coup fails
Supernova Neutron-Star Hypothesis
With Fritz Zwicky, proposes that supernova explosions can produce neutron stars.
Uranium Research
Investigates neutron-bombarded uranium with Meitner and Strassmann.
Health of Karl Brandt
Appointed Adolf Hitler's personal doctor-in-residence
Uranium Research
Begins uranium neutron research with Hahn and Strassmann.
League of Nations
Germany leaves the League of Nations
Referendum
The Council of the League of Nations places on its agenda the Saarland Plebiscite. Hitler's position as President of Germany is confirmed by a plebiscite of 88%
Reichsfuhrer
Himmlers title became an actual rank after the Night of the Long Knives, Reichsfuhrer-SS became the highest rank of the SS and was considered the equivalent of a Generalfeldmarschall in the German Army
Air Doctrine
Wever helps shape early Luftwaffe doctrine and argues for a strategic bomber force
Chief of Army Dept
Appointed Chief of the Army Department in the War Ministry
Chief of Army High Command
Appointed Chief of the High Command of the Army
Military District III
Manstein served as chief of staff to General Erwin von Witzleben in Military District III. This Berlin-based assignment placed him in a significant administrative and operational staff position.
Colonel General
Appointed Colonel General
Colonel
Appointed Colonel
Commander of Army Group 2
Appointed Commander of Army Group 2
Commander of Infantry Regiment
Appointed Commander of the 2nd Infantry Regiment
Commander of Military District
Appointed Commander of the Military District VI
Divisional Commander
Appointed Divisional Commander
Reform of Military
Hitler makes Rohm sign an agreement with Blomber restricting the activity of the SA
Major General
Appointed Major General
1st Meeting With Hitler
Rommel meets Hitler for the 1st time during a secular Harvest Festival
Night of Long Knives
Blomberg encourages Hitler to crack down on SA leader Ernst Rโhm and his followers, whom he believes pose a serious threat to the army, he condones and participates in the Night of the Long Knives
Did She?
Publication of "Did She?"
Clergyman's Daughter Draft
Works on A Clergyman's Daughter in Southwold.
Prize Fellowship
Is elected to a Prize Fellowship at Trinity College and continues research on Herodotus and Thucydides.
Peerage
Created Earl Halifax, 3rd
Nobel Prize
Awarded the nobel peace prize for work in international disarmament
Haft Kel Output Exceeds Two Million Tons
Haft Kel produces more than two million tons annually as Anglo-Persian expands after the new concession.
Minister of Transport
Appointed Minister of Transport
Rule of Saarland
Protests against Nazi hostile broadcasts & illegal detention of Saarland inhabitants
Lord Privy Seal
Appointed Lord Privy Seal
Financial Secretary of Treasury
Appointed Financial Secretary to the Treasury
Education
Graduates from Oxford University where he was President of the Union
Oxford University
Graduates from Oxford University where he was President of the Union
Oxford City Council
Is elected to Oxford City Council as a Labour representative.
Oxford Labour Group
Becomes a leading figure among Labour councillors on Oxford City Council.
Tredegar Experience
Uses Tredegar medical aid as evidence for health reform.
Birkenhead
Works as a shipping clerk and sees unemployment and poverty on Merseyside.
Socialism
Helps influence Foot's conversion from Liberalism toward socialism at Oxford.
Health Politics
Draws on Tredegar medical aid experience in his health politics.
Scottish National Party
The SNP is formed in by the merger of the National Party of Scotland and the Scottish Party, with Robert Bontine Cunninghame Graham as its first president
Invention of Nylon
Invents 66 polyamide, Nylon
Szilard-Chalmers Effect
With Leo Szilard, demonstrates chemical separation after neutron-induced nuclear recoil.
Mathematical Tripos First
Receives a First in Part II of the Mathematical Tripos at Cambridge.
Air Defence Research
Leads scientific inquiry into aircraft detection and air defence.
International Caps
International debut, scoring for the England side which beat Wales 4-0
1934 League Championship Manager
Guides Arsenal to the league title after taking charge following Herbert Chapman's death.
Third Division South Championship
Tom Parker managed Norwich City as the club won the 1933-34 Third Division South title and earned promotion to the Second Division.
Approves of Russia's membership of the League of Nations
Approves of Russia's membership of the League of Nations
The String Quartet No. 5
Composition of "The String Quartet No. 5"
Szilard-Chalmers Effect
With Thomas Chalmers, demonstrates neutron-induced recoil as a method for separating radioactive products.
Neutron Chain Reaction Patent
Files patent claims describing neutron multiplication and a self-sustaining nuclear chain reaction.
Birth of Pratibha Patil
Birth of Pratibha Patil.
Exile of Sutan Sjahrir
Exiled by the Dutch authorities
Reform of Education
Opens the 1st regular university
Coup
Mussolini mobilizes on the Brenner Pass & forces Hitler to give up annexation. Mussolini mobilizes 4 Divs after the assassination of Dolfuss, Hitler's coup fails
Artificial Radioactivity Programme
Organizes a systematic programme of neutron irradiation experiments that produces artificial radioactivity in many different elements.
Neutron Bombardment
Bombards many elements, including uranium, with neutrons during experiments on neutron-induced artificial radioactivity.
Neutron Irradiation of Elements
Leads the Rome group in exposing a wide range of elements to neutrons and cataloguing the radioactive products created by nuclear transformations.
Slow Neutron Theory Interpretation
Interprets the enhanced effectiveness of moderated neutrons as a consequence of their reduced speed and greater probability of nuclear capture.
Fission Hypothesis
Suggests uranium nuclei might break into large fragments.
Beta Decay Electron Theory
Develops a quantitative theory of beta decay in which an electron and a neutrino are created during a weak nuclear transformation.
World Cup Victory
Helps Italy win the 1934 FIFA World Cup on home soil.
Fourth Straight Serie A Title
Adds experience and defensive organisation to Juventus during the 1933-34 campaign as the club secures its fourth consecutive Italian championship.
Piola Signs for Lazio
Silvio Piola moves from Pro Vercelli to Lazio and begins the long Roman chapter that will make him one of Italian football's most prolific forwards.
Ambassador of Germany
Appointed Ambassador of Germany
Minister of War
Appointed Minister of War
Assassination of Makoto Saito
Assassinated during a mutiny
Death of Makoto Saito
Death of Makoto Saito, assassinated during a mutiny
Rule of Inner Mongolia
Inner Mongolia comes under Japanese rule
Treaty of Washington
Japan renounces the Washington Treaty of 1922 which had laid down naval ratios
An Introduction to Zen Buddhism
Publication of "An Introduction to Zen Buddhism"
Manchukuo Recognition
Rejects League refusal to recognise Manchukuo.
Education
Enrolls at University College London
Deputy Prime Minister
Appointed Deputy Prime Minister of Latvia
President of Mexico
Appointed President of Mexico
Revolution of Mexico
Carries the revolution to the left
Departure from Leipzig
Leaves his Leipzig professorship after seven years directing major experimental and theoretical research.
Ajax Retain Domestic Prominence
Piet van Reenen continues to score heavily as Ajax collect another Dutch title, helping maintain their standing in the national championship.
Lahore Resolution
Tempered by the failure to build coalitions with the Congress, Jinnah embraces the goal of creating a separate state for Muslims as in the Lahore Resolution
Reform of Political Parties
Several Muslim leaders persuade Jinnah to return to India in 1934 and re-organise the League. Heads a reformed Muslim League & favours a separate Muslim state
Lahore Resolution
Tempered by the failure to build coalitions with the Congress, Jinnah embraces the goal of creating a separate state for Muslims as in the Lahore Resolution
Reform of Political Parties
Several Muslim leaders persuade Jinnah to return to India in 1934 and re-organise the League. Heads a reformed Muslim League & favours a separate Muslim state
Campo Via Campaign
Uses manoeuvre warfare to weaken Bolivian forces in the Chaco.
Begins a policy of non-aggression with Germany
Begins a policy of non-aggression with Germany
Pact between Poland and Soviet Union
Poland concludes a non-aggression pact with Russia
Assassination of Bronislaw Pieracki
Assassination of Bronislaw Pieracki
Death of Bronislaw Pieracki
Death of Bronislaw Pieracki, assassinated
Minister of Justice
Appointed Minister of Justice, after the assassination of Pieracki
Cyclometer
Designs the cyclometer to catalogue Enigma permutation characteristics.
Enigma Key Catalogue Method
Accelerates recovery of daily cipher settings through mechanical calculation.
Last Visit to Poland
Visits Poland for the final time before her death.
Enigma Machine
Develops the cyclometer to catalogue Enigma permutation characteristics and accelerate recovery of daily settings.
Industrial Magazine Employment
Shalamov began work for an industrial-sector magazine, continuing his writing and editing activities.
Conference of Congress
Describes Stalin as "our genius leader"
Moscow City Party Leadership
Advances into senior Moscow party leadership during his rapid rise through the Communist hierarchy.
The Crucifixion of Liberty
Publication of "The Crucifixion of Liberty"
And Quiet Flows the Don
Publication of "And Quiet Flows the Don"
Chairman
Appointed Chairman of the Central Committee
International Agreement at Moscow
Agrees a mutually defensive pact with France
Editor
Appointed Editor of Izvestiya
Purge
Kirovs assassin & 13 accomplices are tried & executed. From 1933-1934 the CP is reduced from 3 1/2 to 2 1/2 million members
Trial
Kirovs assassin & 13 accomplices are tried & executed
Central Committee
Appointed Member of Central Committee
Central Committee Membership
Is elected a member of the Communist Party Central Committee.
Central Committee
Appointed Member of Central Committee
Central Committee
Appointed Member of Central Committee Secretariat
Takes Control of Moscow City Party
Assumes overall leadership of the Communist Party organization governing the Soviet capital.
The Crucifixion of Liberty
Publishes The Crucifixion of Liberty on the Russian Revolution.
For the Fourth International
Writes For the Fourth International while campaigning to create a new revolutionary international independent of the Comintern.
NKVD
Appointed Head of the NKVD, Secret Police
Reform of Policing
Heads a police organisation to control the militia, concentration camps & intelligence
Birth of Yuri Alexeyevich Gagarin
Birth of Yuri Alexeyevich Gagarin
Cherenkov Radiation
Observes blue light emitted when charged particles move rapidly through a medium.
Luminescence in Water
The achievement marks luminescence in water as an important Russian scientific milestone.
Collective Security
Promotes collective security after the USSR enters the League.
Law Studies at Bloemfontein
Enters student politics while studying in Bloemfontein.
University Studies
Begins law studies at the University of the Orange Free State.
Government
Forms the Fusion Government
Clarkebury Boarding Institute
Begins studies at Clarkebury Boarding Institute.
Thembu Initiation
Undergoes traditional initiation into manhood.
Opposition to Party Fusion
Rebuilds National Party organization in the Transvaal.
Transvaal Nationalist Reorganisation
Refuses to join the new United Party coalition.
Member of Parliament
Elected MP
PNP
Helps Malan form the Purified National Party
Party Leader
Appointed Party Leader of the Purified National Party, joint leader with Malan
PNP
The PNP becomes the official opposition to the Hertzog-Smuts coalition. Refuses to support the amalgamation of the National Party & the South African Party. Founds the Purified Nationalist Party
Party Leader
Appointed Party Leader of the Purified National Party
Anti-Fusion Nationalist Opposition
Builds the Purified National Party as an Afrikaner opposition movement.
Purified National Party Established
Leads nationalists rejecting fusion with the United Party.
Purified Nationalist Alignment
Supports Malan's anti-fusion nationalist movement.
Transvaal Opposition to Fusion
Organizes Transvaal supporters outside the United Party.
United Party
A hardline faction of Afrikaner nationalists, led by Malan, refuses to accept the merger and maintains a rump National Party called the Gesuiwerde Nasionale Party (Purified National Party).
United Party
Hertzog agrees to merge his National Party with the rival South Africa Party of Jan Smuts to form the United Party.
United Party
James Hertzog was formed by a merger of most of Prime Minister Barry Hertzogs National Party with the rival South Africa Party of Jan Smuts, plus the remnants of the Unionist Party.
United Party
Formed by a merger of most of Prime Minister Barry Hertzogs National Party with the rival South Africa Party of Jan Smuts, plus the remnants of the Unionist Party
United Party
A hardline faction of Afrikaner nationalists, led by Malan, refuses to accept the merger and maintaines a rump National Party called the Gesuiwerde Nasionale Party (Purified National Party)
Minister of War
Appointed Minister of War
Prime Minister of Spain
Appointed Prime Minister of Spain, 3rd term
Prime Minister of Spain
Appointed Prime Minister of Spain
World Cup Opener Attacking Goal
Kroon scored against Argentina in Sweden's opening match of the 1934 World Cup, helping the team prevail 3-2.
Two Goals Against Argentina
Jonasson scored twice in Sweden's 3-2 win over Argentina as the team reached the quarter-finals of its first World Cup.
Discovery of Supernova
Zwicky and Baade coin the term "supernova" and hypothesized that they were the transition of normal stars into neutron stars, as well as the origin of cosmic rays. In support of this hypothesis, Zwicky started hunting for supernovae, and found a total of 120 by himself (and one more, SN 1963J, in concert with Paul Wild) over a stretch of 52 years
Victory Over Netherlands
Abegglen helped Switzerland overturn Dutch pressure during its first World Cup appearance, contributing to the attack in the 3-2 first-round victory.
Swiss Debut World Cup Goals
Kielholz scored twice against the Netherlands in Switzerland's 3-2 victory, wearing spectacles as an unusual feature of a World Cup goalscorer.
Minister of Interior
Appointed Minister of the Interior
Secretary of State for Defence
Appointed Minister of Defence
Father of Turks
Granted title "Ataturk" by the National Assembly, "Father of the Turks"
Name
Takes the name of Ataturk, meaning "Father Turk"
National Assembly
Granted title "Ataturk" by the National Assembly, "Father of the Turks"
Academy Award
Winner of the Oscar for Best Actor, "It Happened One Night" as Peter Warne
The Postman Always Rings Twice
Publication of "The Postman Always Rings Twice"
Education
Majors in history, finishing 2nd, from Whittier College. Graduates from a Quaker Institution where Nixon gains debating skills
Neptune Atmospheric Spectrum
Adel analyses giant-planet spectra and confirms strong methane absorption features in Neptune's atmosphere.
Birth of Carl Edward Sagan
Birth of Carl Edward Sagan
Gold Medal of the Royal Astronomical Society
Winner of the Gold Medal of the Royal Astronomical Society
Royal Astronomical Society
Winner of the Gold Medal of the Royal Astronomical Society
Methane in Neptune Atmosphere
Spectroscopic work identifies strong methane absorption in Neptune's atmosphere and helps explain the planet's visible colour.
Detailed Distribution of Extragalactic Nebulae
Hubble publishes an extensive Astrophysical Journal analysis of the distribution of extragalactic nebulae, using large galaxy counts to test the uniformity and large-scale structure of the observable universe.
The Realm of the Nebulae Article
Hubble publishes an article titled The Realm of the Nebulae in Scientific Monthly, presenting the emerging observational picture of galaxies and the expanding reach of extragalactic astronomy.
Velocity-Distance Relation for Isolated Extragalactic Nebulae
Edwin Hubble and Milton Humason publish a study of the velocity-distance relation for isolated extragalactic nebulae, testing the relation with systems selected outside rich clusters.
Gravitational Lensing
Baade discusses possible astronomical consequences of gravitational lensing with Zwicky
Nobel Prize
Winner of the Nobel Prize for Medicine
On the Method of Theoretical Physics
Publishes reflections on how fundamental theoretical physics develops from principles and mathematical structure.
All America Air Meet
Winner of the All-America Air Meet
Invention of Television
Stages the 1st demonstration of his television system
Lieutenant
Appointediutenant-Colonel
Alliance Balkan Entente
Enters a Balkan Entente with Greece, Turkey & Romania
Assassination of Alexander
Death of Alexander, assassinated
Death of Alexander
Assassinated by a Croatian separatist
The Modern Rakes Progress
West contributed to The Modern Rake's Progress in collaboration with cartoonist David Low.
Experiment in Autobiography
Wells published Experiment in Autobiography, reviewing his life and intellectual development.