Reform of Royal Succession
Jews have to add the name Israel to their signature
Historical events in 1939
1,310 historical records
January 193942 historical events
General
Appointed General of the Artillery
President of Switzerland
Begins a one-year term as President of the Swiss Confederation.
Jewish Emigration
Hermann Goering Appoints Reinhard Heydrich as Head of Jewish Emigration
Jewish Emigration
Hermann Goering Appoints Reinhard Heydrich as Head of Jewish Emigration
Visit to Paris
Visits Leon Blum
Nuclear Fission
Confirms uranium fission experimentally with Meitne
President of Germany
Appointed President of the Reichsbank
Chillan Earthquake
Directs national emergency and reconstruction measures after the Chillan earthquake.
Capture of Barcelona
Francos rebel troops capture Barcelona from the Republicans
Capture of Barcelona
The Fascists capture Barcelona from the Repulican Government
Capture of Madrid
The Fascists capture Madrid from the Repulican Government
Capture of Madris
The Fascists capture Madrid from the Repulican Government
Siege of Barcelona
The Fascists capture Barcelona from the Repulican Government
Siege of Madris
The Fascists capture Madrid from the Repulican Government
Foreign Policy Statement at Berlin
Makes a speech praising the Italian Government & its leader Mussolini
Final Solution
Prior to the beginning of World War II, during a speech (the six year anniversary of his accession to power), Hitler foretold the coming Holocaust of European Jewry
Holocaust
Prior to the beginning of World War II, during a speech (the six year anniversary of his accession to power), Hitler foretold the coming Holocaust of European Jewry
Term Nuclear Fission
Introduces the term nuclear fission while explaining the splitting of uranium nuclei with Lise Meitner.
Visit to Prague
Visits Hitler who threatens to break-up Czechoslovakia
Fission Theory
Carries news of uranium fission to the United States.
Presidential Term Extended
Constitutional changes extend Martinez authority over the presidency
Enigma Machine
Takes part in the January Paris discussions linking French, Polish and British Enigma work.
Dismissal
Schacht is dismissed as President of the Reichsbank
Recieves the Czech Foreign Secretary Chvalkovsky & threatens the breakup of Czech
Recieves the Czech Foreign Secretary Chvalkovsky & threatens the breakup of Czech
Reform of Labour Service
All women under 25 are required to do 1 year labour service
Dismissal
Schacht is dismissed as President of the Reichsbank
Visit to Rome to prise Italy from the Axis
Visits Rome to prise Italy from the Axis, invited by Mussolini to pressurise France
Enigma Machine
Represents GC&CS at the January Paris meeting with Polish and French cryptologists.
Enigma Machine
Attends the January Paris meeting and assesses the allied position against military Enigma.
Re-election as Congress President
Subhas Chandra Bose wins re-election as Congress president despite opposition from Gandhi's supporters.
Chamberlain tries to prise Italy away from the Axis
Chamberlain tries to prise Italy away from the Axis
Alliance Pact of Steel
Mussolini instructs Ciano to inform Ribbentrop he will accept the Pact of Steel
Pact between Italy and Germany
Mussolini instructs Ciano to inform Ribbentrop he will accept the Pact of Steel
Pact of Steel
Mussolini instructs Ciano to inform Ribbentrop he will accept the Pact of Steel
Prime Minister of Japan
Appointed Prime Minister of Japan
Declaration of War
Russia & Japan clash on the border between Manchuria & Outer Mongolia
Enigma Machine
Represents the Polish Cipher Bureau at the January allied cryptanalytic meeting in Paris.
Enigma Machine
Attends the January Paris meeting while Poland initially withholds the full extent of its Enigma success.
Neutrality Act
Requests Congress to amend the Neutrality Act to sell arms
Neutrality
Requests Congress to amend the Neutrality Act to sell arms
Requests Congress to amend the Neutrality Act to sell arms
Requests Congress to amend the Neutrality Act to sell arms
February 193927 historical events
Exile of Francisco Paulino Hermenegildo Franco-Bahamonde
The Republican Government retreats into France. Government politicians begin fleeing to France
Exile of Juan Negrin
Government politicians flee to France
Capture of Catalonia
Completes the capture of Catalonia
Fission Energy Interpretation
With Otto Frisch, explains uranium fission and estimates the large energy release using mass-energy equivalence.
Visit to Prague
The Slovak leader Tuka visits Hitler & "lays the future of my people in your hands"
Visit to Berlin
The Slovak leader Tuka visits Hitler & "lays the future of my people in your hands"
Birth of Ray Manzarek
Birth of Ray Manzarek
Birth of Ray Manzarek
Birth of Doors keyboardist Ray Manzarek.
Danzig Question
Raises the status of Danzig as concern grows that German territorial demands may extend beyond the Munich settlement.
Massive Neutron Cores
With George Volkoff, shows that sufficiently massive neutron cores have no static equilibrium, helping establish the theoretical path toward gravitational collapse.
Defence Loans Debate
Presses the government on financing defence as Labour argues that earlier appeasement has increased the need for rapid preparation.
Hubert Pierlot Government
Begins the Hubert Pierlot Government in Brussels and serves as Prime Minister of Belgium.
First Paul-Henri Spaak Government
The First Paul-Henri Spaak Government ends in Brussels, concluding this period as Prime Minister of Belgium.
Ministry of Supply
In the Commons Churchill calls for a Ministry of Supply
Recognition of the Franco Government in Spain
Recognizes the Franco Government in Spain
Recognition of Francos Government
Neville Chamberlain recognizes Francos Government
German Labour Front (DAF)
Working for the DAF, Porsche built a new Volkswagen factory at Fallersleben, at a huge cost partly met by raiding the DAF's accumulated assets and misappropriating the dues paid by DAF members
Volkswagen
The DAF and KDF's most ambitious program is the "people's car," the Volkswagen, originally a project undertaken at Hitler's request by Ferdinand Porsche
Volkswagen
The Volkswagen is sold to German workers on an installment plan, the first models appear in February 1939
Volkswagen
When the German car industry is unable to meet Hitler's demand that the Volkswagen be sold at 1,000 Reichsmarks or less, the project is taken over by the DAF
Volkswagen
Working for the DAF, Porsche built a new Volkswagen factory at Fallersleben, at a huge cost partly met by raiding the DAF's accumulated assets and misappropriating the dues paid by DAF members
Volkswagen
Brought Ley's socialist tendencies back into prominence. The party he said had taken over where private industry had failed, because of the "short-sightedness, malevolence, profiteering and stupidity" of the business class
German Labour Front (DAF)
Now working for the DAF, Porsche built a new Volkswagen factory at Fallersleben, at a huge cost which was partly met by raiding the DAF's accumulated assets and misappropriating the dues paid by DAF members.
German Labour Front (DAF)
The DAF and KdF's most ambitious program was the "people's car," the Volkswagen, originally a project undertaken at Hitler's request by the car-maker Ferdinand Porsche.
German Labour Front (DAF)
The Volkswagen was sold to German workers on an installment plan, and the first models appeared in February 1939
German Labour Front (DAF)
The party, he said, had taken over where private industry had failed, because of the "short-sightedness, malevolence, profiteering and stupidity" of the business class.
German Labour Front (DAF)
When the German car industry was unable to meet Hitler's demand that the Volkswagen be sold at 1,000 Reichsmarks or less, the project was taken over by the DAF. This brought Ley's old socialist tendencies back into prominence.
March 1939177 historical events
Reballion of Rebels in Ruthenia
Dismisses the Ruthenian Government from office
Reballion of Rebels in Ruthenia
Dismisses the Ruthenian Government from office
Czech President Hacha dismisses the Ruthenian Government from office
The Czech President Hacha dismisses the Ruthenian Government from office
Prime Minister of Romania
Calinescu becomes prime minister and continues repression of the Iron Guard.
Prime Minister of Czechoslovakia
Appointed Prime Minister of the Slovak Government
Czech President Hacha dismisses the Slovak Government from office
The Czech President Hacha dismisses the Slovak Government from office
Invasion of Bohemia
Hitler's government began the occupation of the remainder of Czechoslovakia during the period from 10 to 16 March.
Invasion of Bohemia
The remainder of Czechoslovakia is occupied, 10-16 March
Invasion of Czech
Allied appeasement ends when Germany occupies the remainder of Czech, Bohemia-Moravia
Invasion of Czech
Hitler's occupation of the remainder of the Czech lands ended the policy of Allied appeasement described in the source records.
Speech
Defends his opposition to appeasement to his constituents
Independence of Czech Republic
2 members of the German Government arrive with 5 Generals and demand Slovak independence
Independence of Slovakia
2 members of the German Government arrive with 5 Generals and demand Slovak independence
Independence of Czech Republic
Visits Hitler who demands the separation of Slovakia from the Czech State
Independence of Slovakia
Visits Hitler who demands the separation of Slovakia from the Czech State
Independence of Czech Republic
Visits Hitler who demands the separation of Slovakia from the Czechoslovak state
Independence of Slovakia
Visits Hitler who demands the separation of Slovakia from the Czechoslovak state
Independence of Czech Republic
Declares that he will oppose the separation of Slovakia from the Czech State
Independence of Slovakia
Declares that he will oppose the separation of Slovakia from the Czech State
Invasion of Czech
Appeals to Hitler not to invade Czechoslovakia
Invasion of Slovakia
Announces Hungarian troop movements on the Slovak-Hungarian border
Independence of Germany
Slovakia proclaims its independence
Independence of Slovakia
Slovakia proclaims its independence
Rule of Slovakia
Hitler advises Jozef Tiso to declare Slovakias independence in order to prevent its partition by Hungary and Poland
Hitler Meeting
Hitler pressures Tiso to declare Slovakia independent under German protection.
Independence of Czech Republic
Tiso reads out a declaration of independence prepared by Ribbentrop to Slovak deputies
Independence of Slovakia
Tiso reads out a declaration of independence prepared by Ribbentrop to Slovak deputies
Independence of Czech Republic
Slovakia proclaims its independence from the Czech State
Independence of Slovakia
Slovakia proclaims its independence from the Czech State
Rule of Carpatho
Slovakia and Carpatho declare independence from Czechoslovakia (strongly encouraged by the Axis-countries)
Rule of Slovakia
Slovakia and Carpatho declare independence from Czechoslovakia (strongly encouraged by the Axis-countries)
Slovak Independence
Slovakia declares independence under German pressure.
Capture of Ostrava
German troops occupy Ostrava while Hacha visits Hitler in an attempt to save Czech
Invasion of Czech
German troops occupy Ostrava while Hacha visits Hitler in an attempt to save Czech
Invasion of Czech
Hacha is forced to sign a communique placing "Czech people in the hands of the Fuhrer"
Independence of Germany
When Slovak deputies meet Tiso reads out a declaration of independence
Independence of Slovakia
When Slovak deputies meet Tiso reads out a declaration of independence
Hacha is forced to sign a communique placing Czech people in the
Hacha is forced to sign a communique placing "Czech people in the hands of the Fuhrer"
Independence of Germany
Visited by Tiso & Durcansky, Hitler demands the separation of Slovakia from Czech
Independence of Slovakia
Visited by Tiso & Durcansky, Hitler demands the separation of Slovakia from Czech
Rule of Czech
Visited by Tiso & Durcansky, Hitler demands the separation of Slovakia from Czech
Rule of Slovakia
The Slovak provincial assembly proclaims independence; priest Jozef Tiso becomes the president of the independent Slovak Government
Hacha is forced to sign a communique placing Czech people in the
Hacha is forced to sign a communique placing "Czech people in the hands of the Fuhrer"
Capture of Ostrava
German troops occupy Ostrava while Hacha visits Hitler in an attempt to save Czech
Invasion of Czech
German troops occupy Ostrava while Hacha visits Hitler in an attempt to save Czech
Invasion of Czech
Hacha is forced to sign a communique placing "Czech people in the hands of the Fuhrer"
Foreign Policy Statement at London
Announces in the Commons Britain cannot honour Czech obligations
Invasion of Czech
Says Britain has no obligation to Czech because it has ceased to exist as a state. Germany invades Prague despite the Munich Agreement
Munich Agreement
Germany invades Prague despite the Munich Agreement
Munich Agreement
Protests after German legions move on Prague in contravention of the Munich Agreement
Of the Munich Agreement
Protests after German legions move on Prague in contravention of the Munich Agreement
Invasion of Czech
Protests after German legions move on Prague contravening the Munich Agreement
Munich Agreement
Protests after German legions move on Prague contravening the Munich Agreement
Siege of Prague
Protests after German legions move on Prague contravening the Munich Agreement
Slovak Independence
The Slovak Assembly proclaims independence and Tiso becomes prime minister.
Slovak State Established
The Slovak State is proclaimed under German pressure.
Bohemia-Moravia Takeover
The German takeover of Bohemia and Moravia occurred while Hacha held the Czechoslovak presidency.
Czechoslovakia
Under Hacha, the German takeover of Bohemia and Moravia brought the remaining Czechoslovak state to an end.
German Protectorate Declaration
While Hacha was president, Hitler visited Prague and announced German protectorate rule over Bohemia and Moravia.
German Rule over Czech Lands
Hacha's office remained in place as Germany imposed rule over Bohemia and Moravia after the March occupation.
Occupation of Bohemia and Moravia
Hacha's presidency continued as German forces occupied Bohemia and Moravia and Czechoslovakia ceased to exist.
Prague Occupation
Hacha was president when German troops entered the Czech lands and Hitler established control from Prague.
Rule of Bohemia
During Hacha's presidency, Hitler entered Prague and declared German control over Bohemia and Moravia.
Rule of Bohemia
Hitler visits Prague and declares a German Protectorate over Bohemia and Moravia
Rule of Moravia
Hacha remained president as Hitler declared a German protectorate over Bohemia and Moravia.
Rule of Moravia
Hitler visits Prague and declares a German Protectorate over Bohemia and Moravia
First Beran Government
The First Beran Government ends in Prague, concluding this term as Prime Minister of Czechoslovakia.
Invasion of Czech
Hitler visits Prague & declares a German Protectorate over Bohemia & Moravia
German Occupation
German troops occupy the Czech lands.
Capture of Bohemia
Bohemia is taken under German protection
Capture of Bohemia
Hitler brought Bohemia under German protection as the remaining Czechoslovak state was dismantled.
Capture of Moravia
Moravia is taken under German protection
Czechoslovakia
The German occupation under Hitler caused Czechoslovakia to cease to exist as an independent state.
German Protection of Bohemia
Bohemia was placed under German protection as Hitler completed the takeover of the remaining Czechoslovak territory.
German Troops Cross Czech Border
German troops crossed into the Czech lands and occupied Bohemia and Moravia as Hitler extended German control.
Invasion of Czech
German troops crossed the Czech border and occupied the remaining parts of Bohemia and Moravia under Hitler's direction.
Invasion of Czech
German troops occupy the remaining part of Bohemia and Moravia; Czechoslovakia ceases to exist. German troops cross the Czech border
Invasion of Czech
Hitler sleps in the Presidential Palace
March Occupation of Czech Lands
Hitler's March occupation brought the remaining Czech lands under German authority in Bohemia and Moravia.
Occupation of Bohemia and Moravia
Hitler oversaw the German occupation of Bohemia and Moravia as Czechoslovakia disappeared as an independent state.
Rule of Bohemia
German troops occupied Bohemia and Moravia, and Hitler's takeover ended the independent Czechoslovak state.
Rule of Bohemia
German troops occupy the remaining part of Bohemia and Moravia; Czechoslovakia ceases to exist
Rule of Moravia
German troops occupy the remaining part of Bohemia and Moravia; Czechoslovakia ceases to exist
Rule of Moravia
Hitler's forces occupied Moravia together with Bohemia, eliminating the remaining Czechoslovak state.
Treaty of Munich
Hitler occupied the Czech lands, violating the Munich pledge that the Sudetenland was Germany's final territorial demand.
3rd Army Entry
Under Blaskowitz, the 3rd Army entered Bohemia during the German takeover of Czechoslovakia.
3rd Army Operation in Bohemia
The 3rd Army operated in Bohemia under Blaskowitz during Germany's occupation of the remaining Czech territory.
Army Movement into Czech Lands
Blaskowitz led German army units into the Czech lands as the remaining Czechoslovak state was taken over.
Bohemia Occupation
Blaskowitz commanded the 3rd Army as it moved into Bohemia during the occupation of the Czech lands.
Bohemia Takeover
Blaskowitz led the 3rd Army into Bohemia as part of the German takeover that ended Czechoslovakia's remaining independence.
Czechoslovakia Occupation
The 3rd Army under Blaskowitz entered Bohemia during the occupation that placed the remaining Czech lands under German control.
German Army Advance
The 3rd Army advanced into Bohemia under Blaskowitz while Hitler completed the German takeover of Czechoslovakia.
German Military Occupation
Blaskowitz commanded forces participating in the German military occupation of Bohemia.
Invasion of Bohemia
Blaskowitz led the 3rd Army into Bohemia as Germany took control of the remaining Czechoslovak state.
Invasion of Bohemia
Leads the 3rd army into Bohemia as Hitler takes over Czechoslovakia
Military Entry into Bohemia
Blaskowitz directed the military entry of the 3rd Army into Bohemia as German forces occupied the country.
Czechoslovakia Debate after Prague
Responds to the German occupation of Prague, which demonstrates the failure of Hitler's Munich commitments.
Czechoslovakia after German Occupation
Challenges the government after German forces occupy Prague and the Munich settlement collapses.
Czechoslovakia Dissolution
German occupation of Czech lands completes the destruction of Czechoslovakia.
Independence of Czech Republic
Requests Hitler take Slovakia under German protection, Hitler obliges the same day
Independence of Slovakia
Requests Hitler take Slovakia under German protection, Hitler obliges the same day
Bohemia and Moravia Protectorate
The proclamation of the Protectorate placed Hacha at the head of the new Czech administration as State President.
Prague Protectorate Proclamation
In Prague, the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia was proclaimed and Hacha continued in office as State President.
Protectorate Established
Hacha became State President when the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia was proclaimed in Prague.
Protectorate Established
The Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia is proclaimed.
Protectorate Government Formed
Hacha's State Presidency formed part of the government structure created when the Protectorate was proclaimed.
Protectorate Proclaimed
The new Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia was proclaimed with Hacha serving as its State President.
State Presidency under Protectorate
Hacha held the title of State President after the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia was formally established.
Independence of Germany
Slovakia proclaims independence & declares support for Nazi Germany
Independence of Slovakia
Slovakia proclaims independence & declares support for Nazi Germany
Invasion of Czech
After the German occupation, Hitler proclaimed the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia from Prague.
Invasion of Czech
Hitler proclaims a Proctecorate over Bohemia & Moravia
Invasion of Ruthenia
Allows the Hungarians to capture Ruthenia & establish a border with Poland
Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia
Hitler proclaimed the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia after German forces had occupied the remaining Czech territory.
Rule of Bohemia
Hitler proclaimed protectorate rule over Bohemia and Moravia after the German occupation was completed.
Rule of Bohemia
Hitler proclaims a Proctecorate over Bohemia & Moravia, Czech ceases to exist
Rule of Czech
Hitler proclaims a Proctecorate over Bohemia & Moravia, Czech ceases to exist
Rule of Czech
In Prague, Hitler announced the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia and the remaining Czech state ceased to exist.
Rule of Moravia
Hitler proclaims a Proctecorate over Bohemia & Moravia, Czech ceases to exist
Rule of Moravia
Protectorate rule was proclaimed over Moravia and Bohemia after Hitler's forces took control of the Czech lands.
Birmingham Foreign Policy Speech
Chamberlain warns that Britain will resist any attempt at German world domination.
Birmingham Foreign Policy Speech
After Germany occupies Prague, warns that Britain may resist further attempts at domination by force, marking a major shift from the Munich approach.
Foreign Policy Statement at Birmingham
British Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain gives a speech in Birmingham, stating that Britain will oppose any effort at world domination on the part of Germany.
Treaty of Munich
Chamberlain declared that Germany's destruction of Czechoslovakia had undermined the assumptions behind the Munich policy.
Treaty of Protection
A Treaty between Germany & Slovakia to establish a German Protectorate is signed
Treaty of Protection
Contains a secret protocol giving Germany exclusive rights to exploit Slovakia. Approves the Treaty of Protection in Vienna
Censorship
As Reich Protector, Neurath censored the press in Bohemia and Moravia and moved against organised opposition.
Censorship
Censors the press & removes all opposition including trades unions & political parties
Opposition Suppression
Neurath acted to remove organised opposition in Bohemia and Moravia, including political parties and trade unions.
Political Parties
Censors the press & removes all opposition including trades unions & political parties
Political Parties
Neurath suppressed political parties as part of the removal of opposition under protectorate rule.
Political Suppression
Political opposition was curtailed under Neurath through censorship and the removal of parties and unions.
Press Control
Neurath imposed press censorship as one of the first controls introduced under the German protectorate.
Protectorate Administration
Neurath assumed the office of Reich Protector and began administering German control over Bohemia and Moravia.
Reich Protector
Appointed Reich Protector of Bohemia & Moravia
Reich Protector
Neurath was appointed Reich Protector of Bohemia and Moravia after the German takeover.
Removal of Organised Opposition
Neurath combined press censorship with the removal of political parties and trade unions to suppress organised opposition.
Trades Unions
Censors the press & removes all opposition including trades unions & political parties
Trades Unions
Neurath removed trade unions while consolidating German political control in Bohemia and Moravia.
Union Suppression
Neurath's administration eliminated trade unions as part of the broader suppression of opposition in the protectorate.
Resignation of Robert Menzies
Resigns, angered by Lyons lack of support for his national insurance scheme
Diplomatic Mission at Berlin
Hosts Polish Ambassador Jozef Lipski & demands the return of the Free City of Danzig
Rule of Gdansk
Hosts Polish Ambassador Jozef Lipski & demands the return of the Free City of Danzig
Rule of Memel
The Lithuanian Government decides to return the Memel District to the Reich. Lithuanian military units begin withdrawing from Memel during the early morning hours - Lithuanian district governor Gailus turns power over to the Nazi dominated local assembly - 2 pm Lithuanian delegation arrives in Berlin for talks
Rule of Memel
Article 4 of the state Treaty renounces the use of force between Germany and Lithuania, and pledges that neither would support a third country against the other signatory
Rule of Memel
Germany in in the Treaty provides generous support for the economic needs of Lithuania and gave Lithuania the right to establish a Lithuanian Free Zone in the Memel harbor.
Rule of Memel
Lithuanian Foreign Minister Urbsys signs the convention returning Memel to Germany at 1 am retroactive to March 22,1939.
Rule of Memel
The Kriegsmarine is deprived of a chance to launch a planned amphibious assault but was accorded the honor of delivering the Fueher to the city for a celebration of his last bloodless conquest.
Rule of Memel
The Treaty of 23 March affirms the return of the Memel District, which had been separated by the Treaty of Versailles, to Germany.
Declaration of War
The Slovak-Hungarian War begins
Slovak-Hungarian War
The Slovak-Hungarian War begins along Slovakia's eastern frontier.
Rule of Memel
Adolf Hitler sails into the harbor at Memel at the head of a strong German naval force and spoke to the loyal people of the most remote German territory
Ultimatum Prepared
Ciano helps prepare Italian demands intended to reduce Albania to dependency
European Situation
Urges a firmer collective response to German expansion in the first major foreign-policy debates after Prague.
Chief of State
Appointed Head of the Government after the fall of Madrid
Chief of State
Appointed Head of the Government after the fall of Madrid
Capture of Madrid
Madrid falls to the Nationalists
Alliance Great Britain and Poland
Ends appeasement of Germany by commiting Britain to defend Poland. Embarks on policy which leads to British declaration of war against Germany
Declaration of War
Embarks on policy which leads to British declaration of war against Germany
Mobilization
Cabinet decides to double the territorial force
Rule of Memel
The Lithuanian Parliament approves the convention returning Memel to Germany unanimously and without abstention
Independence of Poland
Agrees Chamberlains proposal of a unilateral British guarantee of Polish independence
International Agreement at Warsaw
Agrees Chamberlains proposal of a unilateral British guarantee of Polish independence
Birth of Volker Schlondorff
Birth of Volker Schlondorff.
Anglo French Assurance Pact
Britain and France guarantee Polands defense (Anglo French Assurance Pact), a pact with Poland to come to their defense if Germany attacked
Alliance Neville Chamberlain and Poland
Britain & France pledge to support Poland
Peace
The last of the Republican resistance comes to an end
Einsatzgruppen
With the founding of the Reichssicherheitshauptamt (RSHA), the Sicherheitspolizei as a functioning state agency ceased to exist as the department was merged into the RSHA. Also the RSHA obtained overall command of the Einsatzgruppen
Reichssicherheitshauptamt (RSHA)
With the founding of the Reichssicherheitshauptamt (RSHA), the Sicherheitspolizei as a functioning state agency ceased to exist as the department was merged into the RSHA. Also the RSHA obtained overall command of the Einsatzgruppen
Sicherheitspolizei
With the founding of the Reichssicherheitshauptamt (RSHA), the Sicherheitspolizei as a functioning state agency ceased to exist as the department was merged into the RSHA. Also the RSHA obtained overall command of the Einsatzgruppen
Capture of Prague
Enters Prague
Polish Corridor
In preparation for war with Poland, in the spring of 1939 Hitler demands the annexation of the Free City of Danzig to Germany and extraterritorial rail access for Germany across the "Polish Corridor," the Polish frontier to East Prussia
Rule of Danzig
In preparation for war with Poland, in the spring of 1939 Hitler demands the annexation of the Free City of Danzig to Germany and extraterritorial rail access for Germany across the "Polish Corridor," the Polish frontier to East Prussia
Tours the USA
Tours the USA. Tours Canada
Expulsion from Labour
Is expelled temporarily from the Parliamentary Labour Party.
Mobilization
Cabinet decides in the event of war with Germany an army will be sent to Europe
Rule of Gdansk
Hitler lays claim to the free City of Danzig
April 193998 historical events
Promotion to Generalmajor
Jodl is promoted to Generalmajor while serving as Artillery Commander 44.
Peace
Declares the end of the Civil War
Invasion of Poland
Adolf Hitler orders the German military to start planning for Fall Weiss, the codename for the invasion of Poland
Invasion of Poland
Issues "Case White", secret plans to be carried out from 1st September 1939
European Situation
Supports a firmer policy of resistance to further aggression after the collapse of the Munich settlement.
European Situation after Prague
Speaks after the destruction of Czechoslovakia and supports a firmer system of commitments against further German aggression.
European Situation
Supports stronger commitments against further aggression following the abandonment of the previous appeasement approach.
Death of Ghazi
Death of Ghazi, drives his car into a lamppost
Ultimatum Rejected
Zog refuses to accept the full Italian ultimatum before the invasion
European Situation
Supports a firmer European policy after Germany's occupation of Prague destroys the assumptions behind Munich.
Alliance Josef Beck and Britain creating a temporary Pact of mutual assistance
Signs an agreement with Britain creating a temporary Pact of mutual assistance
Government Crisis
Kotta's government faces collapse as Italian forces invade Albania
Invasion of Albania
22,000 Italian troops land in 4 Albanian ports
Exile of Ahmet Zog
Zog leaves Albania after the Italian invasion
Invasion of Albania
Italian forces land in Albania and force Zog into exile
Army Mobilization
Aranitasi faces the Italian invasion with limited and poorly prepared Albanian forces
Durres Defence
Kupi helps organize resistance against Italian troops landing at Durres
Death in Battle
Ulqinaku is killed resisting the Italian landing at Durres
Defence of Durres
Ulqinaku fights against Italian troops during the defence of Durres
Appeal for Resistance
Zog calls for resistance as Italian forces land on the Albanian coast
Invasion of Albania
Italian forces invade Albania and begin the collapse of Zog's monarchy
Italian Invasion
Italian troops land at Albanian ports and overthrow Zog's kingdom
Invasion of Albania
Sends troops into Albania
Expedition Command
Guzzoni commands the Italian expeditionary force sent against Albania
Landing at Durres
Italian troops land at Durres as the main invasion force enters Albania
Landing at Sarande
Italian troops land at Sarande as Albania is attacked from several ports
Landing at Shengjin
Italian forces land at Shengjin to widen the invasion front
Landing at Vlore
Italian troops land at Vlore during the opening phase of the invasion
Landing Force
Messe participates in the Italian landing operations at Durres
Occupation Support
Jacomoni supports Italian political plans during the invasion
Invasion Ordered
Mussolini orders the invasion of Albania to expand Italian control across the Adriatic
Invasion Approved
Victor Emmanuel III supports Mussolini's move to occupy Albania
Flight from Tirana
Zog leaves Tirana as Italian troops advance toward the capital
Royal Family Flees
Queen Geraldine flees Albania with the royal family during the invasion
Army Collapse
Albanian army resistance breaks down after Italian forces advance inland
Tirana Occupied
Italian forces enter Tirana after the Albanian government collapses
Provisional Committee
Ypi heads a provisional committee under Italian pressure after Zog leaves
Government Falls
Kotta's government falls after Italian occupation of the capital
Exile Begins
Zog crosses into exile after Italian occupation makes resistance impossible
Occupation Administration
Jacomoni helps organize the Italian occupation administration in Albania
Royal Authority Suspended
Ypi's committee prepares the political transfer from Zog's monarchy to Italian control
Annexation Planned
Ciano supports plans to attach Albania to the Italian crown
Crown Offered to Italy
Assembly offers the Albanian crown to Victor Emmanuel III
Collaboration Government
Verlaci forms a collaboration government under Italian domination
Prime Minister Appointed
Verlaci becomes Prime Minister of the Italian-backed Albanian government
Deposed by Assembly
Albanian assembly deposes Zog after the Italian occupation
Albanian Crown Offered
The Albanian crown is offered to Victor Emmanuel III after Zog is deposed
Invasion Completed
Italian forces complete the occupation and secure control of Albania
Alliance Britain, France, Romania and Greece
Britain & France pledge to support Romania. Britain & France pledge to support Greece
European Situation
Speaks for stronger European security commitments as Britain moves away from territorial appeasement.
European Situation
Presses for effective deterrence and wider international cooperation against further German advances.
Invasion of Albania
Italy captures Albania
Birth of Dusty Springfield
Birth of Dusty Springfield
Albania Annexed
Mussolini incorporates Albania into the Italian sphere under the Savoy crown
Succession
Succeeds as the King of Albania after the Italian occupation
King of Albania
Victor Emmanuel III accepts the Albanian crown under Italian occupation
Invasion of Albania
Succeeds as the King of Albania after the Italian occupation
Second Hermann Jonasson Government
The Second Hermann Jonasson Government ends, concluding this term as Prime Minister of Iceland.
Third Hermann Jonasson Government
Begins the Third Hermann Jonasson Government and serves as Prime Minister of Iceland.
Alliance Agreement
The Soviet Union offers a Soviet-British-French alliance which would guarantee the integrity of Poland, the consulations are unproductive
Alliance Soviet-British-French alliance
The Soviet Union offers a Soviet-British-French alliance which would guarantee the integrity of Poland, the consulations are unproductive
Alliance Agreement
The Soviet Union offers a Soviet-British-French alliance which would guarantee the integrity of Poland, the consulations are unproductive
Alliance Soviet-British-French alliance
The Soviet Union offers a Soviet-British-French alliance which would guarantee the integrity of Poland, the consulations are unproductive
Alliance Agreement
The Soviet Union offers a Soviet-British-French alliance which would guarantee the integrity of Poland, the consulations are unproductive
Alliance Soviet-British-French alliance
The Soviet Union offers a Soviet-British-French alliance which would guarantee the integrity of Poland, the consulations are unproductive
Alliance Agreement
The Soviet Union offers a Soviet-British-French alliance which would guarantee the integrity of Poland, the consulations are unproductive
Alliance Soviet-British-French alliance
The Soviet Union offers a Soviet-British-French alliance which would guarantee the integrity of Poland, the consulations are unproductive
Birth of Simon Napier-Bell
Birth of Simon Napier-Bell
Occupation Rule Begins
Jacomoni begins governing Albania as Italy's royal representative
Royal Lieutenant Appointed
Jacomoni becomes royal lieutenant representing Victor Emmanuel III in Albania
Alliance Neville Chamberlain and Poland in the event of an attack
Warns Hitler Britain will support Poland in the event of an attack
European Situation
Continues challenging the government to build a credible anti-aggression front in Europe.
Prime Minister of Australia
Appointed Prime Minister of Australia, 1st term
Party Leader
Appointed Party Leader of the United Australia Party
Military Training Announcement
Announces compulsory military training as Britain accelerates preparation for a possible European war after the collapse of the Munich settlement.
Conscription
Conscription is introduced
Mobilization
Conscription is introduced
Anglo-German Naval Agreement
The Anglo-German Naval Agreement is renounced by Adolf Hitler
Anglo-German Naval Agreement
The Anglo-German Naval Agreement is renounced by Adolf Hitler. Hitler says all he requests from Poland is Danzig & the Polish Corridor
Polish Corridor
Hitler says all he requests from Poland is Danzig & the Polish Corridor
Rule of Gdansk
Hitler says all he requests from Poland is Danzig & the Polish Corridor
Rule of Polish Corridor
Hitler says all he requests from Poland is Danzig & the Polish Corridor
Hitler denounces Germany's non-aggression pact with Poland
Hitler denounces Germany's non-aggression pact with Poland. Hitler accuses Britain of "encirclement"
Creation of CORFO
Establishes the Production Development Corporation to support reconstruction and industrialization.
Mobilization
Conscription is created for 6 months service for men aged 20
Reform of Armed Forces
Conscription is created for 6 months service for men aged 20
Barlow Opens Cup Final Scoring
Barlow scores Portsmouth's opening goal as the side defeats Wolverhampton Wanderers 4–1 in the FA Cup final.
Parker Completes Four Goal Cup Final
Parker supplies Portsmouth's fourth goal against Wolverhampton Wanderers, sealing their first victory in an FA Cup final.
Anderson Hits Cup Final Double
Anderson scores twice in Portsmouth's commanding FA Cup final win against Wolverhampton Wanderers, creating a decisive lead.
Tinn Leads Portsmouth to First FA Cup
Tinn oversees Portsmouth's 4–1 victory over Wolverhampton Wanderers, delivering the club's first FA Cup after earlier final defeats.
Resignation as Congress President
Subhas Chandra Bose resigns the Congress presidency after prolonged disagreement with the party leadership.
Constitution of Switzerland
Switzerland applies to the League of Nations for unconditional neutrality
Neutrality
Switzerland applies to the League of Nations for unconditional neutrality
Italian-Albanian Union
Verlaci's government accepts political union with Fascist Italy
Resistance Ends
Kupi's local resistance ends as Italian occupation forces consolidate control
Alliance Agreement with Russia & France
Campaigns with Eden for an immediate alliance with Russia & France
Alliance Winston Leonard Spencer Churchill and Russia and France
Campaigns with Eden for an immediate alliance with Russia & France
Alliance Neville Chamberlain and Poland providing for reciprocal guarantees
An alliance is signed with Poland providing for reciprocal guarantees
May 193963 historical events
Party Leader
Appointed heads of the civil administration in Czechoslovakia
First Saudi Oil Export
Inaugurates the first shipment of Saudi crude oil for export.
First Saudi Oil Export
Oversees financial policy as Saudi Arabia begins exporting oil.
Foreign Secretary of Russia
Appointed Commissar for Foreign Affairs, 1st term
Death of Karl Eduard Wilhelm Groener
Death of Karl Eduard Wilhelm Groener
Mobilization
Takes minutes at a Chancellery conference when Hitler declares war is inevitable
Diplomatic Negotiations
The replacement of Litvinov with Molotov significantly increases Stalins freedom to maneuver in foreign policy. The dismissal of Litvinov, whose Jewish ethnicity was viewed disfavorably by Nazi Germany, removes an obstacle to negotiations with Germany. Stalin replaces Litinov with Vyacheslav Molotov
Dismissal
Stalin replaces Litinov with Vyacheslav Molotov
Leaves for Canada
Leaves for Canada
Birth of Rudolph Franz Marie Lubbers
Birth of Rudolph Franz Marie Lubbers
Resignation of Neville Chamberlain
Appeals for unity and invites Greenwood and Attlee to join a coalition government with him as Prime Minister
Visit to Chartwell
Leon Blum visits Churchill
Great Britain and Russia Negotiations
Questions the government over negotiations with the Soviet Union as Labour presses for a broader security coalition.
Invasion of Russia
Japanese attack on disputed border areas is renewed between Japanese and Soviets
Invasion of Russia
Japanese attacks on disputed border areas is renewed between Japanese and Russia
Birth of Harvey Keitel
Birth of Harvey Keitel
Constitution of Switzerland
The League of Nations grants Switzerland an unconditional neutrality
Neutrality
The League of Nations grants Switzerland an unconditional neutrality
European Situation
Argues that the failure of appeasement requires stronger diplomatic and military coordination with states threatened by Germany.
Berths at Wolfes Cove 1 mile from Quebec
Berths at Wolfes Cove 1 mile from Quebec
Addresses the Canadian Parliament & gives Royal Assent to Canadian Bills
Addresses the Canadian Parliament & gives Royal Assent to Canadian Bills
International Situation
Presses for effective alliances and deterrence while the government negotiates security arrangements before the outbreak of war.
Death of Ernst Toller
Death of Ernst Toller, suicide rather than witness the further growth of fascism
Suicide
Death of Ernst Toller, suicide rather than witness the further growth of fascism
Alliance Joachim von Ribbentrop and Italy
Signs the Pact for Germany with Italy
Pact of Steel
Although intended to last 10 years, it was effectively cancelled in 1943 with removal of Italy's fascist Government
Pact of Steel
Due to this disagreement, the pact was signed without Japan and became an agreement between Fascist Italy and Nazi Germany, signed on 22 May 1939 by Foreign Minister's Galeazzo Ciano of Italy and Joachim von Ribbentrop of Germany. The pact consisted of two parts.
Pact of Steel
The first section was an open declaration of continuing trust and cooperation between Germany and Italy while the second, a "Secret Supplementary Protocol", encouraged a union of policies concerning the military and economy.
Pact of Steel
The pact was initially drafted as a tripartite military alliance between Japan, Italy and Germany. While Japan wanted the focus of the pact to be aimed at the Soviet Union, Italy and Germany wanted it aimed at Britain and France.
Pact of Steel
Consequently, Italy did not enter World War II until June 1940, with a delayed invasion of Southern France. The pact consisted of two parts.
Pact of Steel
Due to this disagreement, the pact was signed without Japan and became an agreement between Fascist Italy and Nazi Germany, signed on 22 May 1939 by Foreign Ministers Galeazzo Ciano of Italy and Joachim von Ribbentrop of Germany.
Pact of Steel
The Pact aimed to ensure that neither country was able to make peace without the agreement of the other. The agreement was based on the assumption that a war would not occur within three years.
Pact of Steel
The Pact of Steel obliged Germany and Italy to aid the other country militarily, economically or otherwise in the event of war, and to collaborate in wartime production.
Pact of Steel
The first section was an open declaration of continuing trust and cooperation between Germany and Italy while the second, a "Secret Supplementary Protocol", encouraged a union of policies concerning the military and economy.
Pact of Steel
The pact was initially drafted as a tripartite military alliance between Japan, Italy and Germany. While Japan wanted the focus of the pact to be aimed at the Soviet Union, Italy and Germany wanted it aimed at Britain and France.
Pact of Steel
When Germany invaded Poland on 1 September 1939 and war broke out on 3 September, Italy was not yet prepared for conflict and had difficulty meeting its obligations.
Alliance Ciano and Germany
Signs the Pact of Steel for Italy with Germany
Pact of Steel
Although intended to last 10 years, it was effectively cancelled in 1943 with removal of Italy's fascist Government
Pact of Steel
Due to this disagreement, the pact was signed without Japan and became an agreement between Fascist Italy and Nazi Germany, signed on 22 May 1939 by Foreign Minister's Galeazzo Ciano of Italy and Joachim von Ribbentrop of Germany. The pact consisted of two parts.
Pact of Steel
The first section was an open declaration of continuing trust and cooperation between Germany and Italy while the second, a "Secret Supplementary Protocol", encouraged a union of policies concerning the military and economy.
Pact of Steel
The pact was initially drafted as a tripartite military alliance between Japan, Italy and Germany. While Japan wanted the focus of the pact to be aimed at the Soviet Union, Italy and Germany wanted it aimed at Britain and France.
Pact of Steel
Signs the Pact of Steel for Italy with Germany
Alliance Formalizes relations between Italy and Germany, Japan
Formalizes relations between Italy & Germany, Japan joins after the outbreak of war
Pact between Italy and Germany
Formalizes relations between Italy & Germany, Japan joins after the outbreak of war
Pact of Blood
It was Italian leader Benito Mussolini who dubbed the agreement the "Pact of Steel", after being told that the original name, "Pact of Blood", would most likely be poorly received in Italy
Pact of Steel
Although intended to last 10 years, it was effectively cancelled in 1943 with removal of Italy's fascist Government.
Pact of Steel
Consequently, Italy did not enter World War II until June 1940, with a delayed invasion of Southern France. The pact consisted of two parts.
Pact of Steel
It was Italian leader Benito Mussolini who dubbed the agreement the "Pact of Steel", after being told that the original name, "Pact of Blood", would most likely be poorly received in Italy.
Pact of Steel
The Pact aimed to ensure that neither country was able to make peace without the agreement of the other. The agreement was based on the assumption that a war would not occur within three years.
Pact of Steel
The Pact of Steel obliged Germany and Italy to aid the other country militarily, economically or otherwise in the event of war, and to collaborate in wartime production.
Pact of Steel
The first section was an open declaration of continuing trust and cooperation between Germany and Italy while the second, a "Secret Supplementary Protocol", encouraged a union of policies concerning the military and economy.
Pact of Steel
When Germany invaded Poland on 1 September 1939 and war broke out on 3 September, Italy was not yet prepared for conflict and had difficulty meeting its obligations.
Great Britain and Russia Negotiations
Presses ministers on the pace and substance of negotiations for cooperation with the Soviet Union.
Alliance Agreement with France & Britain
Russia offers a tripartite alliance with France & Britain, Churchill urges acceptence
Alliance Russia and France and Britain, Churchill urges acceptence
Russia offers a tripartite alliance with France & Britain, Churchill urges acceptence
Alliance Agreement with France & Britain
Russia offers a tripartite alliance with France & Britain
Alliance Russia and France and Britain
Russia offers a tripartite alliance with France & Britain
Capture of Hainan
Japan captures the Chinese controlled island of Hainan
Battle of Nomonhan
Japan suffers a major defeat by the Russians on the Manchurian frontier
Arrest of Isaak Emmanuilovich Babel
Arrested & accused of spying for France
Alliance Agreement with France & Britain
Russia offers a tripartite alliance with France & Britain
Alliance Russia and France and Britain
Russia offers a tripartite alliance with France & Britain
Declaration of War
Russia mobilizes against Japan on the border between Manchuria & Outer Mongolia
June 19396 historical events
Condor Legion
Takes the salute of the Condor Legion after their return from the Spanish Civil War
Greeted by President Roosevelt & his wife
Greeted by President Roosevelt & his wife. Crosses the Niagra Suspension Bridge into the United States
Coming Up for Air
Publishes Coming Up for Air.
Great Britain and Russia Negotiations
Continues questioning the government's attempts to construct a collective-security agreement with the Soviet Union.
Anglo-French-Russian Conversations
Presses for progress in the Anglo-French-Soviet negotiations intended to deter further German aggression.
Education
Graduates from Balliol College Oxford with a degree in philosophy politics and economics.
July 193924 historical events
Chief of Staff
Appointed Chief of Staff of the XIX Motorised Corps
Danzig Situation
Raises the increasingly dangerous Danzig crisis as German pressure shifts toward Poland.
Capture of Japan
Japan publishes pictures of captured Russian soldiers
Birmingham Airport
Birmingham's municipal airport opens at Elmdon shortly before the Second World War.
Alliance Churchill urges Britain to and Russia
Churchill urges Britain to form a military alliance with Russia
Military Alliance with Russia
Churchill urges Britain to form a military alliance with Russia
Air Defence Research Committee
Reviews the final day of the Air Defence Research Committee.
Chain Home Radar Network
Twenty radar stations can detect aircraft above ten thousand feet.
Armament
A Ministry of Supply is created, 1st advocated by Churhill in 1936
Ministry of Supply
A Ministry of Supply is created, 1st advocated by Churhill in 1936
Alliance Britain, France and Russia
Receives the British Ambassador, proposes a triple pact of Britain, France & Russia
Exile of Eduard Benes
Arrives in London to form a Government in exile
Mount Oliver
Completes his first major climb, reaching the summit of Mount Oliver in the Southern Alps
Enigma Machine
Helps coordinate the Pyry exchange in which Poland shares its Enigma breakthrough with France and Britain.
Enigma Machine
Learns at Pyry that Poland has reconstructed military Enigma and built working cryptanalytic machinery.
Enigma Machine
Receives a detailed explanation of the Polish solution to military Enigma at Pyry.
Enigma Machine
Authorises disclosure of Poland's Enigma achievements to British and French cryptanalysts at Pyry.
Enigma Machine
Demonstrates the perforated-sheet method to British and French cryptanalysts at the Pyry meeting.
Enigma Machine
Shares Polish experience of Enigma rotor analysis with the British and French delegations.
Enigma Machine
Explains Polish Enigma methods and equipment to the British and French delegations at Pyry.
Enigma Machine
Explains the mathematical reconstruction of Enigma and Polish key-recovery methods to allied cryptanalysts.
International Situation
Takes part in the Commons debate on the worsening international crisis and the need to make Britain's guarantees credible.
Czech Jewish Emigration Bureau
Extends the Vienna model into the Protectorate.
Prague Emigration Office
Creates a Central Office for Jewish Emigration in Prague.
August 1939100 historical events
Invasion of Poland
Warns the House of Commons of an imminent German attack on Poland
Einstein-Szilard Letter
Drafts a letter warning Roosevelt about uranium weapons.
Einstein-Szilard Letter
Signs the Einstein-Szilard letter warning President Roosevelt about uranium chain reactions and possible powerful bombs.
Ultimatum
Poland orders Danzig to close its borders to east Prussia, Danzig complies
Invasion of Poland
German troops concentrate on the Polish border after the Polish ultimatum to Danzig
Political Parties
Outlaws political parties
Summons the League of Nations High Commissioner and threatens to crush the
Summons the League of Nations High Commissioner and threatens to crush the Poles
Nazi-Soviet Pact
Sends a message to Molotov outlining the Russo-German Non-Aggression Pact
President of Paraguay
Becomes president after his Chaco War reputation transforms national politics.
Handed a draft of the non-aggression pact by Molotov
Handed a draft of the non-aggression pact by Molotov
Nazi-Soviet Pact
Handed a draft of the non-aggression pact by Molotov
Alliance Agreement with Germany maybe possible
At a meeting of the Politbureau Stalin says an alliance with Germany maybe possible
Alliance Joseph Stalin and Germany maybe possible
At a meeting of the Politbureau Stalin says an alliance with Germany maybe possible
Nazi-Soviet Pact
Hands the German Ambassador von der Schulenburg a draft of the non-aggression pact
Nazi-Soviet Pact
Cables Stalin accepting the draft for the pact & urges ratification of the Treaty
Trade Agreement at Berlin
Signs a trade agreement with Russia
Trade Agreement
It is anounced that Germany & Russia have concluded a commercial agreement
International Agreement
Poland refuses Russia passage, a precondition of an Anglo-Franco-Soviet agreement. Hitler sends Stalin a telegram pressing for a pact
Nazi-Soviet Pact
Invites Ribbentrop to Moscow for 23 August. Hitler cables Stalin accepting the draft NAZI-Soviet Non-Aggression Pact
Battle of Khasan
Defeats the Japanese in their attempt to invade Mongolia
Battle of Nomonhan
Attacks the Japanese in what began as a series of border skirmishes in May
Trade Agreement
It is anounced that Germany & Russia have concluded a commercial agreement
Graf Spee Departs Wilhelmshaven for Atlantic Patrol
Langsdorff takes Admiral Graf Spee to sea before the outbreak of war, heading for a waiting area in the South Atlantic.
Crisis
Calls an emergency Cabinet meeting on the Danzig crisis & threat to peace
Nazi-Soviet Pact
Flies to Moscow to sign the Nazi-Soviet Non-Aggression Pact with Stalin
Invasion of Poland
Announces a probable invasion of Poland on 26th August
Mobilization
Addresses generals saying that "Might is right"
Hears of Ribbentrops trip to Russia for a pact, express displeasure to
Hears of Ribbentrops trip to Russia for a pact, express displeasure to Weizsacker
Interim Presidency
Quintanilla assumes interim authority after the death of German Busch.
Death of German Busch
Busch dies in La Paz, ending his military reformist presidency.
Nazi-Soviet Pact
Meets with Stalin in Moscow who signs the Nazi-Soviet Non-Aggression Pact
Anti-Comintern Pact
Japan renounces the Anti-Comintern Pact with Germany
Comintern
Japan renounces the Anti-Comintern Pact with Germany
Nazi-Soviet Pact
Receives news from Stalin the Soviets will sign the Nazi-Soviet Non-Aggression Pact
Diplomatic Correspondence at London
Hands over a letter to Hitler from Chamberlain saying that Britain will defend Poland
Peace
Hands over a letter to Hitler from Chamberlain saying that Britain will defend Poland
Anti-Comintern Pact
Japan renounces the Anti-Comintern Pact with Germany
Comintern
Japan renounces the Anti-Comintern Pact with Germany
Nazi-Soviet Pact
Includes secret protocols dividing Europe into zones of influence
Rule of Baltic Sea
The Nazi-Soviet Pact gives Russia eastern Poland, Finland & Baltic States
Rule of Finland
The Nazi-Soviet Pact gives Russia eastern Poland, Finland & Baltic States
Rule of Poland
The Nazi-Soviet Pact gives Russia eastern Poland, Finland & Baltic States
Nazi-Soviet Pact
Signs a pact pledging both Countries to remain neutral if the other is at war. Includes secret protocols dividing Europe into zones of influence
Neutrality
Signs a pact pledging both Countries to remain neutral if the other is at war
Rule of Baltic Sea
Under the Nazi-Soviet Pact Russia takes eastern Poland, Finland & Baltic States
Alliance Nazi-Soviet Non-Aggression Pact
Signs the Nazi-Soviet Non-Aggression Pact
Nazi-Soviet Pact
Signs the Nazi-Soviet Non-Aggression Pact. Russia & Germany will not attack each other for 10 yrs with an option for 5 more yrs
Emergency Economic Powers
Emergency legislation grants broad powers to direct industry, labour and economic resources.
Reform of Emergency Powers
Gives full authority of the law to the "defense regulations" issued by the Government
Nazi-Soviet Pact
Russia & Germany will not attack each other for 10 yrs with an option for 5 more yrs
Ariostazo
Survives an attempted military challenge led by General Ariosto Herrera and maintains constitutional government.
Alliance Great Britain and Poland
After Germany's pact with Russia Britain completes the Anglo-Polish Defence Alliance
Battle of Nomonhan
Russian forces stop their attacks. In 4 days 40,000 Japanese & 27,000 Russian soldiers have been killed
Commander of 3rd Division
Appointed Commander of the 3rd Division
Commander of 3rd Division
Appointed Commander of the 3rd Division
Invasion of Switzerland
Given the directive to safeguard the independence of the country and to maintain the integrity of the Swiss territory
Army Group North
The German forces for the invasion of Poland codename Fall Weiss are divided into Army Group North (German 3rd and 4th armies) and Army Group South (German 8th, 10th, and 14th armies), and the Slovakian Army Group Bernolak
Army Group South
The German forces for the invasion of Poland codename Fall Weiss are divided into Army Group North (German 3rd and 4th armies) and Army Group South (German 8th, 10th, and 14th armies), and the Slovakian Army Group Bernolak
Invasion of Poland
The SS broadcasts a provocative message from Gleiwitz radio station
Invasion of Poland
The German forces for the invasion of Poland codename Fall Weiss are divided into Army Group North (German 3rd and 4th armies) and Army Group South (German 8th, 10th, and 14th armies), and the Slovakian Army Group Bernolak. SS men dressed in Polish uniforms stage a border skirmish at Hochlinden
Operation Fall Weiss
The German forces for the invasion of Poland codename Fall Weiss are divided into Army Group North (German 3rd and 4th armies) and Army Group South (German 8th, 10th, and 14th armies), and the Slovakian Army Group Bernolak
Invasion of Poland
XI Corps - Commanded by General Emil Lee
Invasion of Poland
10th Panzer Division - Commanded by General Ferdinand Schaal, consists of the 4th Panzer Brigade and 10th Motorized Rifle Brigade
Invasion of Poland
73rd Infantry Division - Commanded by General Friedrich von Rabenau, consists of the 170th, 186th, and 213th Infantry Regiments
Invasion of Poland
The 4th Army is commanded by General of Artillery Guenther von Kluge
Invasion of Poland
206th Infantry Division - Commanded by General Hugo Hofl, consists of the 301st, 312th, and 413rd Infantry Regiments
Invasion of Poland
The Eighth Army is commanded by General of Infantry Johannes Blaskowitz
Invasion of Poland
XIII Corps - Commanded by General Maximilian Reichsfreiherr von Weichs
Invasion of Poland
208th Infantry Division - Commanded by General Moritz Andreas, consists of the 309th, 337th, and 338th Infantry Regiments
Invasion of Poland
23rd Infantry Division - Commanded by General Walter Graf von Brockdorff-Ahlefeldt, consists of the 9th, 67th, and 68th Infantry Regiments
Invasion of Poland
The Tenth Army is commanded by General of Artillery Walter von Reichenau
Tenth Army
The Tenth Army is commanded by General of Artillery Walter von Reichenau
Invasion of Poland
The 14th Army is commanded by Colonel General Wilhelm List
Invasion of Poland
X Corps - Commanded by General Wilhelm Ulex
Battle of Nomonhan
The Russians destroy the IJA forces, 45,000 Japanese soldiers are killed
Battle of Nomonhan
Defeat convinces the Japanese they cannot fight against the Russians
Battle of Nomonhan
Observes the 1st major tank Battle in history between Russia & Japan. Japan & Russia fight an undeclared war on the plains of Outer Mongolia. Fails to restrain the Japanese from persuing the Russians into Mongol territory
Battle of Nomonhan
Destroys the IJA forces in & around Nomonhan, 45000 Japanese soldiers were killed
Battle of Nomonhan
The Japanese are prevented from making any further incursions into Russian territory. In 1 day the Japanese suffer 50,000 casulties, their worst ever defeat. Defeat by Russia convinces the Japanese that they cannot fight against the Russians
Nazi-Soviet Pact
Instrumental in bringing about the August 1939 German-Soviet Non-Aggression Pact
Chief of Wehrmachtführungsamt
Shortly before war begins, Jodl returns to the OKW to head the Wehrmachtführungsamt.
Return to OKW before Polish Campaign
Jodl returns from troop command to senior operational work at OKW shortly before the invasion of Poland.
Invasion of Poland
In the invasion of Poland, Kleist commandeds the XXII Panzer Corps
Maginot Line
Invited by Paul Reynaud to examine the defences of the Maginot Line
Nazi-Soviet Pact
The Nazi-Soviet pact deepens Healey’s doubts about Communist policy and Soviet intentions.
Commander in Chief
Appointed Commander in Chief of the Middle East
Commander in Chief
Appointed Commander in Chief of the Middle East
Commander in Chief
Establishes his HQ in Cairo
Germany signs a non-aggression pact with Russia
Germany signs a non-aggression pact with Russia
Prime Minister of Japan
Appointed Prime Minister of Japan
Rule of Polish Corridor
Hitler lays claim to the whole of the Polish corridor
International Agreement
Refuses Russian passage to east Germany, precondition of Anglo-Franco-Soviet agreement
Enigma Machine
Supports production of Polish Enigma replicas, one of which is supplied to Britain before the war.
Enigma Machine
Helps AVA complete dozens of Enigma replicas before the German invasion of Poland.
Meeting with An Anglo-French mission to discuss the defence
Meets an Anglo-French mission to discuss the defence of Poland if attacked by Germany
Battle of Khalkin-Gol
Defeats a Japanese force at Khalkin-Gol in Manchuria
Invention of Atomic Bomb
Einstein writes a letter to Roosevelt to develop the atomic bomb
Invention of Atomic Bomb
Einstein writes a letter to Roosevelt to develop the atomic bomb
Independence of Croatia
The Cvetkovic-Macek Agreement set up the Banovina of Croatia
Independence of Yugoslavia
The Cvetkovic-Macek Agreement set up the Banovina of Croatia
September 1939239 historical events
Commander of 4th Army
Appointed Commander of the 4th Army in Poland
Polish Campaign Operational Coordination
Jodl serves in the OKW operations leadership as Germany begins the invasion of Poland.
Commander of 4th Army
Appointed Commander of the 4th Army in Poland
Invasion of Poland
Has the task of seizing the Polish Corridor & threatening Warsaw from the north
Polish Corridor
Has the task of seizing the Polish Corridor & threatening Warsaw from the north
Invasion of Poland
Has the task of destroying Polish forces on the border before approaching Warsaw
Siege of Warsaw
Has the task of destroying Polish forces on the border before approaching Warsaw
Invasion of Poland
Commands XIX Panzer Corps, perfects his blitzkrieg technique
Invasion of Poland
The invasion begins one week after the signing of the Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact, and ends October 6, 1939, with Germany and the Soviet Union occupying the entirety of Poland
Rule of Poland
The invasion begins one week after the signing of the Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact, and ends October 6, 1939, with Germany and the Soviet Union occupying the entirety of Poland
Invasion of Poland
The Luftwaffe attacks Polish airfields and supports the German invasion of Poland
Invasion of Poland
The Luftwaffe make a preemptive strike against Polish airfields. The Luftwaffe gains air superiority but loses 500 aircraft during a 4 week campaign
Luftwaffe
The Luftwaffe make a preemptive strike against Polish airfields. The Luftwaffe gains air superiority but loses 500 aircraft during a 4 week campaign
General Staff
At the outbreak of the Second World War Quirnheim serves as a staff officer in the organisational division of the German General Staff
Prime Minister of Great Britain
Asks Churchill to join the Cabinet as First Lord of the Admiralty
Adjutant
Appointed Adjutant General of the British Expeditionary Force
British Expeditionary Force (BEF)
Appointed Adjutant General of the British Expeditionary Force
British Expeditionary Force (BEF)
Appointed Chief of Staff of the British Expeditionary Force
Chief of General Staff
Appointed Chief of Staff of the British Expeditionary Force
Chief of Imperial General Staff (CIGS)
Appointed Chief of Imperial General Staff
Adjutant
Appointed Adjutant General of the British Expeditionary Force
British Expeditionary Force (BEF)
Appointed Adjutant General of the British Expeditionary Force
British Expeditionary Force (BEF)
Appointed Chief of Staff of the British Expeditionary Force
Chief of General Staff
Appointed Chief of Staff of the British Expeditionary Force
Invasion of Poland
Demands Hitler halt his Invasion of Poland
Chief of Imperial General Staff (CIGS)
Appointed Chief of Imperial General Staff
Mobilization
Full mobilization of the 3rd Division is ordered
Invasion of Poland
Commands the Polish forces during the German invasion of Poland
War in Europe
Observes the outbreak of the Second World War from exile.
Invasion of Poland
The German Army crosses the Polish border
Invasion of Poland
Slovakia joins Germany's invasion of Poland.
Continued Gravitational Contraction
With Hartland Snyder, models continued stellar collapse and shows a sufficiently massive star can become cut off from communication with distant observers.
First Constitutional Amendment
Leads the government when the Constitution is amended to broaden emergency powers during wartime.
National Emergency
Leads the government as Ireland declares a national emergency at the outbreak of the Second World War.
Alliance Jan Smuts and the Commonwealth
Smuts supports a Commonwealth alliance to fight World War II. Puts the case in Cabinet for South African neutrality, defeated by Smuts
Commonwealth
Smuts supports a Commonwealth alliance to fight World War II
Neutrality
Puts the case in Cabinet for South African neutrality, defeated by Smuts
Neutrality
The cabinet is split, 7 vote for war & 6 against
Declaration of War
Australia declares war
Winnipeg Refugee Arrival
Welcomes the arrival of Spanish Republican refugees transported to Chile aboard the Winnipeg.
Declaration of War
Polands western allies, the United Kingdom, Australia and New Zealand declare war on Germany, soon followed by France, South Africa and Canada
Invasion of Poland
The Polish airforce is destroyed
First Lord of Admiralty
Appointed First Sea Lord of the Admiralty & Member of Cabinet
Legislation
Parliament passes the National Services (Armed Forces) Act
Dominions Secretary
Returns to government as Dominions Secretary at the outbreak of the Second World War
Broadcast
Makes a broadcast to the nation after the declaration of war
Chain Home
Chain Home forms part of Britain's wartime air defence system.
Armament
Parliament passes the National Services (Armed Forces) Act
Declaration of War on Germany
Announces that Britain is at war with Germany after Germany invades Poland and fails to meet the British ultimatum.
Declaration of War
Declares war on Germany, at 11 AM
Declaration of War
Present at Antibes when Britain declares war
Emergency Hospital Service
Uses wartime powers to organise emergency hospital provision.
Visit to To Mussolini in Rome
Hitler pays a State visit to Mussolini in Rome
Neutrality
On the day Britain declares war on Germany Hertzog supports neutrality
Birth of Michael Cimino
Birth of Michael Cimino
Invasion of Poland
Crosses the Polish corridor
Cordell Hull proclaims American neutrality
Cordell Hull proclaims American neutrality. Australia and New Zealand are at war with Germany
Neutrality
Cordell Hull proclaims American neutrality
First Lord of Admiralty
1st day at the Admiralty
Civil Defence
Launches a program to build "Anderson" shelters. Given responsibility for interning enemy aliens, evacuations & building shelters
Home Secretary of Great Britain
Appointed Home Secretary
Enigma Machine
The day after the UK declared war on Germany, Turing reports to Bletchley Park, the wartime station of GC&CS
Alliance James Hertzog and neutrality supporters
Forwards a motion in the House Assembly to remain neutral but defeated by 13 votes
Neutrality
Forwards a motion in the House Assembly to remain neutral but defeated by 13 votes
Capture of Roznan
Roznan is captured by the Germans
Invasion of Poland
The Polish Corridor is breached
Battle of Polish Corridor
The Battle had cost 150 killed from 4 Divisions
Treaty of Lithuania
Vilna is transferred from Poland to Lithuania & becomes its capital
Treaty of Mutual Assistance
Russia signs Treaty of Mutual Assistance with Latvia giving Russia occupation rights
Neutrality
Makes a speech in Senate comparing Hitler's efforts with the struggle for Afrikaaners. Hertzogs motion for South African neutrality is defeated by the Senate. Hertzog is forced to resign when his policy of neutrality in World War II is defeated
Resignation of James Hertzog
Hertzog is forced to resign when his policy of neutrality in World War II is defeated
Prime Minister of South Africa
Appointed Prime Minister of South Africa, 2nd term
Resignation of James Hertzog
Hertzog is forced to resign when his policy of neutrality in World War II is defeated
Capture of Cracow
The Germans capture Cracow
Invasion of Poland
Watches the destruction of a Polish Army Corps from a special train
Break in Diplomatic Relations with Germany
South Africa severs relations with Germany
Prime Minister Appointment
Becomes prime minister after Parliament rejects Hertzog's neutrality policy.
Smuts Government Formed
Forms a government committed to participation in the war.
Pro-War Faction Prevails
Leads supporters committed to entering the war against Germany.
United Party Leadership
Takes control of the United Party after Hertzog's resignation.
Imperial War Cabinet
Appointed Member of Imperial War Cabinet as the most senior South African in favour of war
Declaration of War
South Africa declares war
Break in Diplomatic Relations with Germany
South Africa severs relations with Germany
South Africa Enters War
Forms a government committed to war against Germany.
War Policy Implemented
Directs South Africa's entry into the Second World War.
Invasion of Germany
France enters the Saar but does not advance further than a few miles
Invasion of Saar
France enters the Saar but does not advance further than a few miles
SS
Appointed Head of the SS
Invasion of Poland
The German Tenth Army are within 40 miles of Warsaw
Tenth Army
The German Tenth Army are within 40 miles of Warsaw
Invasion of Germany
France crosses into the Saar but only advances a few miles
Massacre
Orders the, "Polish Ruling Class is to be put out of harms way as far as possible"
SS
Appointed Head of the SS
Invasion of Poland
The 4th Panzer Div launches the 1st attack on Warsaw
Siege of Warsaw
The 4th Panzer Div launches the 1st attack on Warsaw
British Expeditionary Force (BEF)
The 1st units of the BEF embark for France under Lord Gort
Invasion of France
The 1st units of the BEF embark for France under Lord Gort
Invasion of Poland
Launches a short lived counter-attack along the River Bzura
Invasion of Poland
The 4th Panzer Div launches the 1st attack on Warsaw
Siege of Warsaw
The 4th Panzer Div launches the 1st attack on Warsaw
Declaration of War
Canada declares war on Germany after parliamentary approval.
Declaration of War
Canada declares war on Germany
Canada declares war on Germany
Canada declares war on Germany
Graf Spee Waits East of Bahia
Graf Spee begins an extended wait roughly 900 miles east of Bahia while Berlin withholds permission to attack Allied merchant shipping.
Capture of Silesia
Upper Silesia is captured by the Germans
Invasion of Poland
Upper Silesia is captured by the Germans
Mobilization
Advises the Anglo-French War Council it should distract Germany's invasion of Poland
Supreme War Council
Hosts the first Anglo-French Supreme War Council after Poland is invaded.
Supreme War Council
Advises against large-scale offensive action after the Saar advance stalls.
Invasion of West
Informs his adjutant that he intends to invade te West as soon as Poland is captured
Supreme War Council
Attends the first Anglo-French Supreme War Council meeting.
Supreme War Council
Meets Daladier at the first Anglo-French Supreme War Council.
Supreme War Council
Represents British defence coordination at the first meeting.
Battle of Bzura
Attempts to attack the German Eighth Army in the flank
Invasion of Poland
All French operations against the Germans are halted
Foreign Secretary of France
Appointed Foreign Minister
War Cabinet
The French follow Britains example & set up a War Cabinet
Foreign Secretary of France
Appointed Foreign Minister
War Cabinet
The French follow Britains example & set up a War Cabinet
Bombing of Warsaw
Warsaw is heavilly bombed
Bombing of Warsaw
Artillery bombardment of a city is introduced for the 1st time against Warsaw
Siege of Warsaw
Warsaw is surrounded by German troops, Hitler orders its bombardment
Battle of Nomonhan
Japan suffers a major defeat by the Russians on the Manchurian frontier. A ceasefire forces Ueda to call off his counter-attack against the Russians
Ceasefire
A ceasefire forces Ueda to call off his counter-attack against the Russians
Invasion of Poland
Warsaw is surrounded by German troops, Hitler orders its bombardment
Siege of Warsaw
Warsaw is surrounded by German troops, Hitler orders its bombardment
Invasion of Poland
The Bzura "pocket" is contained by the German Army Group South
Siege of Warsaw
The Poles refuse to surrender Warsaw
Invasion of Poland
The Bzura "pocxket" is contained by the German Army Group South
Siege of Warsaw
The Poles refuse to surrender Warsaw
Capture of Brest Litovsk
Commands a Panzer force which captures Brest Litovsk
Invasion of Poland
The Soviet Red Army invades the eastern regions of Poland in cooperation with Germany. Russian troops march into eastern Poland
Red Army
The Soviet Red Army invades the eastern regions of Poland in cooperation with Germany
Resignation of Ignacy Mosciki
Resigns & goes into exile in Romania
Exile of Ignacy Mosciki
Resigns & goes into exile in Romania
Resignation of Ignacy Mosciki
Resigns & goes into exile in Romania
Capture of Brest Litovsk
The Germans capture Brest Litovsk
Invasion of Poland
The Soviets carry out their part of the secret appendix of the Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact dividing Eastern Europe into Nazi and Soviet spheres of influence. The Polish Government flees to Romania. Russia gives the order to invade eastern Poland which is undefended. Facing the second front, the Polish Government decides the defense of the Romanian bridgehead is no longer feasible and orders the evacuation of all troops to neutral Romania
Invasion of Poland
The Germans capture Brest Litovsk
Neutrality
Facing the second front, the Polish Government decides the defense of the Romanian bridgehead is no longer feasible and orders the evacuation of all troops to neutral Romania
Invasion of Poland
The Soviets carry out their part of the secret appendix of the Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact, which divided Eastern Europe into Nazi and Soviet spheres of influence. The Russians invade Poland for 1 week. Russia gives the order to invade eastern Poland which is undefended
Sinking of HMS Courageous - Carrier Patrol Loss
U-29 torpedoed HMS Courageous southwest of Ireland on 17 September 1939; the aircraft carrier sank in about seventeen minutes.
Sinking of HMS Courageous
The Corageous is sunk with the loss of over 500 lives
Invasion of Poland
The Poznan Army collapses
Capture of Vilnyus
The Russians capture Vilnyus
Invasion of Poland
The remains of the Polish Government & military High Command flee to Hungary
Capture of Danzig
Takes the march past in Danzig. Refers to "Almighty God, who has now given our arms his blessing"
Invasion of Poland
The Red Army & German troops join up at Brest Litovsk
Invasion of Poland
Hitler triumphantly enters Danzig & offers concilliation with France & Britain
Red Army
The Red Army & German troops join up at Brest Litovsk
Rule of Danzig
Takes the march past in Danzig
Invasion of Norway
Proposes an invasion of Norway to intercept Germany's supply of iron-ore from Sweden
Hitler triumphantly enters Danzig & offers concilliation with France & Britain
Hitler triumphantly enters Danzig & offers concilliation with France & Britain
Invasion of Poland
Hitler triumphantly enters Danzig & offers concilliation with France & Britain
Narvik Iron Ore Debate
Argues that Narvik is vital because Swedish iron ore reaches Germany through the port in winter.
Battle of Bzura
Defeated during the German invasion of Poland. 19 Polish Divisions are encircled in the 1st pocket of the war, 170,000 captured
Invasion of Poland
The Ref Army & German troops join up at Brest Litovsk
Invasion of Poland
The Red Army & German troops join up at Brest Litovsk
Red Army
The Red Army & German troops join up at Brest Litovsk
Decree
Signs a secret decree legitimizing the murder of Germans deemed to be "incurably ill"
Independence of Germany
Germany & Russia declares that Poland no longer exists
Invasion of Poland
Hitler watches his troops cross the River San
Independence of Poland
Germany & Russia declares that Poland no longer exists
Assassination of Armand Calinescu
Iron Guard assassins kill Calinescu in Bucharest.
Argesanu Government
Argesanu forms an emergency government after Calinescu's assassination.
Independence of Russia
Germany & Russia declares that Poland no longer exists
Supreme War Council
Works on Franco-British economic coordination linked to the council.
Supreme War Council
Represents French munitions planning at the council meeting.
Supreme War Council
Represents French naval concerns during Anglo-French discussions.
Capture of Lvov
Lvov is captured
Supreme War Council
Supports British diplomatic work at the Hove meeting.
Supreme War Council
Records British cabinet coordination around the Hove meeting.
Supreme War Council
Attends discussions on Italy and Allied strategy.
Health of Sigmund Freud
A heavy cigar smoker, Freud endured more than 30 operations during his life due to oral cancer, he prevailes on his doctor and friend Max Schur to assist him in suicide
Suicide
A heavy cigar smoker, Freud endured more than 30 operations during his life due to oral cancer, he prevailes on his doctor and friend Max Schur to assist him in suicide
Death of Sigmund Freud
Death of Sigmund Freud. A heavy cigar smoker, Freud endured more than 30 operations during his life due to oral cancer, he prevailes on his doctor and friend Max Schur to assist him in suicide
Suicide
A heavy cigar smoker, Freud endured more than 30 operations during his life due to oral cancer, he prevailes on his doctor and friend Max Schur to assist him in suicide
Prime Minister of Poland
Appointed Head of the Polish Government in exile
Commander in Chief
Appointed Commander in Chief, Polish Army in exile
Agreement on Stalins new demands
After the Russian invasion of Poland Hitler agrees to Stalins new demands
Invasion of Poland
After the Russian invasion of Poland Hitler agrees to Stalins new demands
Burial
Freuds body is cremated at Golders Green Crematorium in England during a service attended by Austrian refugees, including the author Stefan Zweig
Communist Party
Bans the Communist Party in both France & its colonies
Commerce Raiding Orders Received
Langsdorff receives orders authorising attacks on Allied merchant shipping and begins active commerce raiding.
RSHA Created
Moves into the Reich Security Main Office structure.
Security Agencies Consolidated
His work becomes part of the centralized Nazi security bureaucracy.
Head of Reichssicherheitshauptamt (RSHA)
Appointed Head of the Reichssicherheitshauptamt (RSHA)
International Agreement
Sent to agree Stalins latest demands after the Russian invasion of eastern Poland
Invasion of Poland
Sent to agree Stalins latest demands after the Russian invasion of eastern Poland
Capture of Warsaw
Warsaw surrenders to the Germans
Invasion of France
Hitler informs some of his commanders that he intends to invade France
Military Aid Agreement
Given Polish & Russian food & raw materials in exchange for RM1 billion military aid
Reichssicherheitshauptamt (RSHA)
Created by Himmler. The Reich Main Security Office Reichssicherheitshauptamt (RSHA) was an organization subordinate to Heinrich Himmler in his dual capacities as Chef der Deutschen Polizei (Chief of German Police) and Reichsfuhrer-SS, the head of the Nazi Party's Schutzstaffel (SS). The organization's stated duty was to fight all "enemies of the Reich" inside and outside the borders of Nazi Germany
Invasion of Poland
Warsaw finaly capitulates, 160,000 are taken prisoner
Siege of Warsaw
Warsaw finaly capitulates, 160,000 are taken prisoner
Partition
The Germans are given land between the Vistula & western Bug. Ribbentrop & Molotov meet & split Poland in 2
Rule of Poland
The Germans are given land between the Vistula & western Bug
Partition
Ribbentrop & Molotov meet & split Poland in 2
Rule of Poland
Ribbentrop & Molotov meet & split Poland in 2
Partition
Ribbentrop & Molotov meet & split Poland in 2
Rule of Poland
Ribbentrop & Molotov meet & split Poland in 2
Siege of Modlin
The 10 encircled Divisions at Modlin finaly capitulate
Partition
Russia is given land east of the Narew-Bug-San line. Russia is given a free hand in Lithuania. Ribbentrop & Molotov meet & split Poland in 2
Rule of Lithuania
Russia is given a free hand in Lithuania
Rule of Poland
Russia is given land east of the Narew-Bug-San line. Ribbentrop & Molotov meet & split Poland in 2
Partition
Ribbentrop & Molotov meet & split Poland in 2
Rule of Poland
Ribbentrop & Molotov meet & split Poland in 2
Nazi-Soviet Pact
The Soviet Germany Boundary & Friendship Treaty is signed
Nazi-Soviet Pact
The Soviet Germany Boundary & Friendship Treaty is signed
Graf Spee
The Admiral Graf Spee sinks the steamship Clement
Sinking of SS Clement - Graf Spee Commerce Raid
Clement became Admiral Graf Spee's first wartime merchant victim when the German raider sank her southeast of Pernambuco on 30 September 1939.
Sinking of SS Clement
The Admiral Graf Spee sinks the steamship Clement
Exile of Wladyslaw Sikorski
Heads the Polish Government in exile, 1939-1943
Treaty of Mutual Assistance
Russia signs Treaty of Mutual Assistance with Estonia to occupy 4 Estonian naval bases
Treaty of Munich
The Munich Treaty makes Russias offer of military support to Czech academic. Russia, like the United States, is excluded from the Treaty & the conference
Neutrality
Zahir Shah's government declares neutrality after the outbreak of the Second World War.
Chief of Staff
Appointed Commander in Chief of the Allied Forces
Chief of Staff
Appointed Commander in Chief of the Allied Forces
Rule of Danzig
The Germans construct the Stutthof camp in a wooded area west of Stutthof, a town about 22 miles east of Danzig
Invasion of Poland
Predicts that Britain will not attack in the west while Germany invades Poland
Diplomatic Mission
Uses his position as the most senior ambassador in Moscow to allow Polish diplomats (including ambassador Waclaw Grzybowski) to leave the Soviet Union, when the Soviets tried to arrest them
Enigma Machine
Rejoins GC&CS as head of the German Naval subsection, whose principal cipher challenge is Naval Enigma.
Enigma Machine
Joins Bletchley Park and begins work on the large-scale problem of German Army and Luftwaffe Enigma.
Third Division Deploys to France
Takes 3rd Division to France with the British Expeditionary Force after the outbreak of war.
Iran declares itself neutral
Iran declares itself neutral
Neutrality
Iran declares itself neutral
Military Neutrality
Maintains a policy of military neutrality throughout the Second World War.
Peace
Germany invades Poland & Japan & Russia agree a cease-fire
Battle of Nomonhan
Driven back to Nomonhan by Zhukov. Border dispute with Russia located between Manchuria & Outer Mongolia
Ceasefire Agreement
Germany invades Poland & Japan & Russia agree a cease-fire
Transjordan Mandate
At the outbreak of the Second World War, Transjordan remained under the British mandate framework. Abdullah’s government continued local administration as British military and strategic concerns became increasingly important in the region.
Prime Minister of Poland
Appointed Prime Minister of Poland, 2nd term, in exile
Exile of Edward Rydz-smigly
Exiles himself in Romania when Germany invades Poland
Western Ukraine Sovietization
Oversees party measures accompanying Soviet control of territories incorporated into the Ukrainian Soviet republic.
Peace
Germany invades Poland & Japan & Russia agree a cease-fire
Battle of Nomonhan
Victory over Japan at Nomonhan means that Russia does not have to fight a 2 front war. After Nomonhan transfers 1700 tanks, 3 cavalry Divs, 15 rifle Divisions & 1500 aircraft
Ceasefire Agreement
Germany invades Poland & Japan & Russia agree a cease-fire
Alliance James Hertzog and for Britain in World War II
The Fusion Government breaks up over Herzogs support for Britain in World War II
Invasion of Switzerland
The entire country is fully mobilized in only three days, the Swiss Government began to fortify positions throughout the country, the total strength of the army and militias grew to over 500,000
October 1939102 historical events
Invasion of Poland
Germany and the Soviet Union completely overrun Poland, although the Polish Government never surrendered
Broadcast
Churchill makes his 1st wartime broadcast, after the defeat of Poland
Invasion of Poland
Many of the exiles subsequently join the recreated Polish Army in allied France, French-mandated Syria, and the United Kingdom. Germany and the Soviet Union completely overrun Poland, although the Polish Government never surrendered
Invasion of Poland
Germany and the Soviet Union completely overrun Poland, although the Polish Government never surrendered
Newton Beech Captured as Prize
Graf Spee captures the British merchant Newton Beech and temporarily uses the vessel to hold prisoners and a German prize crew.
Treaty Negotiations
A mutual assistance Treaty is signed between Russia & Latvia
Treaty of Latvia
A mutual assistance Treaty is signed between Russia & Latvia
Treaty Negotiations
A mutual assistance Treaty is signed between Russia & Latvia
Treaty of Latvia
A mutual assistance Treaty is signed between Russia & Latvia
In a French TV broadcast Daladier dismisses Hitler's offer of peace
In a French TV broadcast Daladier dismisses Hitler's offer of peace
Foreign Policy Statement at Berlin
Makes a speech in the Reichstag appealing to the west for peace
Hitler's offers of peace to France & Britain are rejected
Hitler's offers of peace to France & Britain are rejected
Invasion of Poland
Resistance in Poland comes to an end
Operation Fall Gelb
Hitler orders a conquest of the Low Countries to forestall the French and prevent Allied air power from threatening the vital German Ruhr Area
Hitler's offers of peace to France & Britain are rejected
Hitler's offers of peace to France & Britain are rejected
Invasion of Poland
Resistance in Poland comes to an end
Ashlea Sunk after Crew Removal
Langsdorff sinks the British merchant Ashlea after removing her crew, who are transferred to the captured Newton Beech.
Birth of Paul Hogan
Birth of Paul Hogan
Invasion of Poland
The last organized Polish troops surrender
Operation Fall Gelb
Hitler issues a new "Fuhrer-Directive Number 6"
Operation Fall Gelb
No mention in the Fuhrer-Directive of any immediate attack to conquer the whole of France, although the directive reads that as much as possible of the border areas in northern France should be occupied
Huntsman Captured during Commerce Raid
Graf Spee captures the British merchant Huntsman and uses the larger ship as a temporary prisoner vessel.
Operation Fall Gelb
Britain refuses Hitler's offer of peace
Treaty of Lithuania
A mutual assistance Treaty is signed between Russia & Lithuania
Treaty Negotiations
A mutual assistance Treaty is signed between Russia & Lithuania
Treaty of Lithuania
A mutual assistance Treaty is signed between Russia & Lithuania
Capture of Estonia
Forced to accept a "mutual assistance" pact with Moscow
Capture of Latvia
Forced to accept a "mutual assistance" pact with Moscow
Capture of Lithuania
Forced to accept a "mutual assistance" pact with Moscow
Rule of Vilna
Vilna is restored to Lithuania while Russia gets sea & air bases
In a French TV broadcast Daladier dismisses Hitler's offer of peace
In a French TV broadcast Daladier dismisses Hitler's offer of peace
Birth of Robert Bobby Charlton
Birth of Robert "Bobby" Charlton
Einstein-Szilard Letter
Economist Alexander Sachs meets with President Roosevelt and delivers the Einstein-Szilard letter
Manhattan Project
Economist Alexander Sachs meets with President Roosevelt and delivers the Einstein-Szilard letter
Einstein-Szilard Letter
Delivers the uranium warning letter to Roosevelt.
Advisory Committee on Uranium
Authorises creation of the Advisory Committee on Uranium.
Advisory Committee on Uranium
Roosevelt authorizes the creation of the Advisory Committee on Uranium
Manhattan Project
Roosevelt authorizes the creation of the Advisory Committee on Uranium. Economist Alexander Sachs meets with President Roosevelt and delivers the Einstein-Szilard letter
Chamberlain dismisses Hitler's offer of peace
Chamberlain dismisses Hitler's offer of peace
Operation Fall Gelb
France refuses Hitler's offer of peace
Chamberlain dismisses Hitler's offer of peace
Chamberlain dismisses Hitler's offer of peace
Diplomatic Negotiations
Negotiations between Russia & Finland take place for an exchange of territory
Diplomatic Negotiations
Negotiations between Russia & Finland take place for an exchange of territory
Battle of Scapa Flow
Commands the U-47 which penetrates the British anchorage & sinks the Royal Oak
Sinking of HMS Royal Oak - U-47 Torpedo Salvo
U-47's second torpedo salvo struck Royal Oak shortly after 01:00 on 14 October, causing explosions that sank the battleship within minutes.
Sinking of HMS Royal Oak
Commands the U-47 which penetrates the British anchorage & sinks the Royal Oak
Sinking of HMS Royal Oak - Scapa Defence Shock
Royal Oak's loss inside Scapa Flow exposed weaknesses in the anchorage defences and prompted rapid strengthening of the naval base.
Sinking of HMS Royal Oak
The Royal Oak is sunk in Scapa Flow
Sinking of HMS Royal Oak - Heavy Casualties
Royal Oak lost 835 officers and men after U-47 penetrated Scapa Flow and torpedoed the battleship during the night.
Sinking of HMS Royal Oak
A U-47 penetrates the British anchorage & sinks the Royal Oak
Offers Finland land
Offers Finland land but the strategic loss causes the Fins to refuse
A Treaty
A Treaty with Estonia provides for the transfer of Estonians of German origin
Treaty of Estonia
A Treaty with Estonia provides for the transfer of Estonians of German origin
Altmark Rendezvous Transfers Supplies
Graf Spee meets supply ship Altmark to receive fuel and stores while continuing the Atlantic raiding cruise.
Bombing of Firth of Forth
1st air attack on British territory
Bombing of Firth of Forth
1st air attack on British territory
Huntsman Scuttled after Prisoner Transfer
After Huntsman's prisoners are transferred to Altmark, Langsdorff has the captured merchant ship scuttled.
Birth of Lee Harvey Oswald
Lee Harvey Oswald was born in New Orleans on October 18, 1939, two months after the death of his father.
Pact between Turkey, France and Great Britain
A pact of mutual assistance is signed between Turkey, France & Britain
Invasion of France
Franz Halder, the Chief of Staff of the Oberkommando der Wehrmacht (OKW), the German Army High Command, presents the first plan for Fall Gelb ("Case Yellow")
Operation Fall Gelb
Franz Halder, the Chief of Staff of the Oberkommando der Wehrmacht (OKW), the German Army High Command, presents the first plan for Fall Gelb ("Case Yellow")
Wehrmacht
Franz Halder, the Chief of Staff of the Oberkommando der Wehrmacht (OKW), the German Army High Command, presents the first plan for Fall Gelb ("Case Yellow")
Invasion of France
Franz Halder, the Chief of Staff of the Oberkommando der Wehrmacht (OKW), the German Army High Command, presents the first plan for Fall Gelb ("Case Yellow")
Operation Fall Gelb
Franz Halder, the Chief of Staff of the Oberkommando der Wehrmacht (OKW), the German Army High Command, presents the first plan for Fall Gelb ("Case Yellow")
Wehrmacht
Franz Halder, the Chief of Staff of the Oberkommando der Wehrmacht (OKW), the German Army High Command, presents the first plan for Fall Gelb ("Case Yellow")
Invasion of Memel
Gives the armed forces orders for the invasion of Memel
Mobilization
Gives the armed forces orders for the defence of Germany
Invasion of Czech
Gives the armed forces orders for the liquidation of Czech
Advisory Committee on Uranium
First meeting of the Uranium Committee, headed by Lyman Briggs of the National Bureau of Standards, 6000 dollars is budgeted for neutron experiments
Manhattan Project
First meeting of the Uranium Committee, headed by Lyman Briggs of the National Bureau of Standards, 6000 dollars is budgeted for neutron experiments
Uranium Committee
First meeting of the Uranium Committee, headed by Lyman Briggs of the National Bureau of Standards, 6000 dollars is budgeted for neutron experiments
Uranium Committee
Chairs the first Uranium Committee meeting.
Advisory Committee on Uranium
First meeting of the Uranium Committee, headed by Lyman Briggs of the National Bureau of Standards, 6000 dollars is budgeted for neutron experiments
Uranium Committee
First meeting of the Uranium Committee, headed by Lyman Briggs of the National Bureau of Standards, 6000 dollars is budgeted for neutron experiments
Exile of Eduard Benes
Benes goes into exile in Putney, London
Commander in Chief
Commands the army of occupation in Poland with his HQ in Spala
Commander in Chief
Commands the army of occupation in Poland with his HQ in Spala
Trevanion Destroyed during South Atlantic Raid
Graf Spee sinks the British merchant Trevanion after the ship attempts to transmit a distress report.
Governor General of Poland
Appointed Governor General of Poland, of the annexed Polish territories
Governor
Appointed Governor General of Poland, of the annexed Polish territories
Governor General of Poland
Appointed Governor General of Poland, of the annexed Polish territories
Rule of Poland
Appointed Governor General of Poland, of the annexed Polish territories
Pact between Turkey, France and Great Britain
A pact of mutual assistance is signed between Turkey, France & Britain
President of Slovakia
Tiso is elected President of Slovakia.
Neutrality
Belgium declares its neutrality
Altmark Refuelling near Tristan da Cunha
Graf Spee meets Altmark near Tristan da Cunha for another refuelling before turning toward the Indian Ocean.
Indian Ocean Diversion Begins
Langsdorff turns Graf Spee toward the Indian Ocean to widen the search for merchant targets and complicate British tracking.
Invasion of Netherlands, The
Halder presens Aufmarschanweisung N°2, Fall Gelb, a secondary attack on The Netherlands
Operation Fall Gelb
Halder presens Aufmarschanweisung N°2, Fall Gelb, a secondary attack on The Netherlands
Treaty Negotiations
Treaty with Latvia for the evacuation of Germans from the Baltic
Treaty of Latvia
Treaty with Latvia for the evacuation of Germans from the Baltic
Invasion of Poland
Russia formally annexes its occupied Polish territories
Rule of Poland
Russia formally annexes its occupied Polish territories
Rule of Poland
Russia formally annexes its occupied Polish territories
Berlin Deportation Administration
Coordinates forced emigration and emerging deportation policy.
Reich Emigration Office Leadership
Takes leadership of the Reich Central Office for Jewish Emigration.
First Mass Deportation Experiment
The failed project becomes an early mass-deportation experiment.
Nisko Deportations
Organizes deportations from Vienna and Moravia toward Nisko.
First Battle of Changsha
Nationalist forces repel a major Japanese offensive around Changsha, providing an important defensive success during the war.
Western Offensive Planning Begins
Jodl participates in planning for a German offensive through the Low Countries and France.
Enlistment in Royal Warwickshire Regiment
Enlists as a private in the Royal Warwickshire Regiment after returning from Australia following the outbreak of the Second World War.
Treaty Negotiations
Turkey signs a Treaty of mutual assistance with Britain & France
November 193939 historical events
MI6
Appointed Head of MI6
Legislation
Signs an amendment to the Neutrality Act
Neutrality
Signs an amendment to the Neutrality Act
Armament
Arms can be shipped to belligerent powers if they pay cash & US ships transport them
Neutrality
Signs an amendment to the Neutrality Act
Signs an amendment to the Neutrality Act
Signs an amendment to the Neutrality Act
Plot
Halder & Beck plot to arrest Hitler if he launches a western offensive
Invasion of Netherlands, The
Oster warns the Dutch military attache about an invasion
Plot
Halder & Beck plot to arrest Hitler if he launches a western offensive
Visit to Paris
Visits the French Minister of Marine to discuss joint Anglo-French naval activity
In a speech, blames the war on capitalism
In a speech, blames the war on capitalism
Peace Mediation
Appeals for peace & offers to mediate
Deportation
Commencement of deportation Jews from western Poland
Invasion of West
The German attack of the West is postponed because of bad weather
Military Leadership Debate
Kerensky participates in military leadership debate during his political career.
Deportation
Hans Frank makes plans to deport 600,000 Jews & 400,000 Poles from Poland
Plot
A bomb explodes in the Burgerbraukeller killing 8 but Hitler left 20 mins prior
Deportation
Hans Frank makes plans to deport 600,000 Jews & 400,000 Poles from Poland
Rule of Poland
Takes up post as Governor of General
Africa Shell Sunk in Mozambique Channel
Graf Spee sinks the small British tanker Africa Shell in the Mozambique Channel after removing the crew.
Neutral Mapia Stopped and Released
Langsdorff stops the Dutch merchant Mapia but releases the neutral vessel after establishing that it cannot lawfully be taken.
Supreme War Council
Rejects plans that might provoke German air retaliation.
Supreme War Council
Meets French leaders as the Allies debate bombing the Ruhr.
President of Ecuador
Appointed acting President of Ecuador
Mobilization
The armed forces are ordered to be ready for the occupation of Danzig
Rule of Danzig
The armed forces are ordered to be ready for the occupation of Danzig
Second Tatarescu Government
Tatarescu returns as prime minister and attempts to preserve Romanian neutrality.
Birth of Abdullah Ahmad Badawi
Birth of Abdullah Ahmad Badawi
Birth of Laurent-Desire Kabila
Birth of Laurent-Desire Kabila
Treaty Negotiations
Russia cancels its 1932 non-aggreesion Treaty with Finland
Norwegian Waters Plan
Considers naval risks of mining Norwegian waters to interrupt ore shipments through Narvik.
Invasion of Finland
Russia launches an attack against Finland, fighting lasts throughout the winter. Russia attacks the Mannerheim Line to invade Finland
Mannerheim Line
Russia attacks the Mannerheim Line to invade Finland
Plot
Geor Elser plants a bomb which nearly kills Hitler
Arrest of Georg Elser
Arrested for trying to blow up Hitler, imprisoned in Dachau
Plot
Geor Elser plants a bomb which nearly kills Hitler
Netherlands Invasion Question Reviewed
Jodl works on plans as Hitler considers whether the western offensive should include the Netherlands.
Readmission to Labour
Is readmitted to the Parliamentary Labour Party.
Enigma Machine
Receives responsibility for the Enigma decryption teams and works alongside Turing and Welchman.
December 193968 historical events
Government Ends
His government ends in Helsinki, concluding this term as Prime Minister of Finland.
Prime Minister
Takes office as Prime Minister of Finland and forms a government in Helsinki.
Doric Star Sunk after Distress Signal
Graf Spee sinks Doric Star after the British refrigerated cargo ship transmits a distress report that helps reveal the raider's operating area.
Doric Star Report Used to Track Raider
Harwood uses Doric Star's distress report to estimate the likely movements of the German raider.
Tairoa Sunk during South Atlantic Return
Graf Spee sinks the British merchant Tairoa one day after Doric Star while moving back toward South American trade routes.
River Plate Interception Date Predicted
From recent merchant losses, Harwood calculates that the raider could reach the River Plate focal area around 13 December.
Final Altmark Refuelling Completed
Graf Spee completes its final wartime rendezvous with Altmark before proceeding toward the River Plate shipping lanes.
Streonshalh Becomes Final Merchant Victim
Graf Spee sinks the British steamer Streonshalh, the final merchant ship destroyed during Langsdorff's commerce-raiding cruise.
Battle of River Plate
The Graf Spee has sunk 9 merchant ships, not a single life had been lost
Graf Spee
The Graf Spee has sunk 9 merchant ships, not a single life had been lost
River Plate Shipping Area Selected
Langsdorff heads toward the River Plate region, where heavy merchant traffic offers a final opportunity before an intended return voyage.
Nobel Prize in Literature
Is awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature for portraying Finnish peasant life and its relationship with nature.
President of Ecuador
Appointed acting President of Ecuador
Norway Invasion Planning Conference
Jodl discusses plans for an invasion of Norway with Hitler, Keitel and Raeder.
Cruiser Concentration Ordered off River Plate
Harwood orders Ajax, Achilles and Exeter to concentrate off the River Plate before his predicted arrival of the German raider.
River Plate Squadron Rehearses Action Plan
Harwood's three cruisers conduct manoeuvres and rehearse the tactics intended for an encounter with a German pocket battleship.
Battle of River Plate
The Graf Spee enters the neutral port of Montevideo. Allowed to stay for 24 hours under the terms of the Hague convention of 1907
Graf Spee
The Graf Spee enters the neutral port of Montevideo
Neutrality
The Graf Spee enters the neutral port of Montevideo
British Cruiser Force Sighted
Graf Spee sights British warships on the morning of 13 December while approaching the River Plate area.
British Force Initially Misidentified
Langsdorff initially mistakes Ajax and Achilles for destroyers accompanying a cruiser, underestimating the British force ahead.
Graf Spee Closes at High Speed
Believing he has found a vulnerable force, Langsdorff closes rapidly instead of exploiting Graf Spee's longer-range heavy guns.
Main Battery Opens Fire on Exeter
Graf Spee opens fire on HMS Exeter with 283-millimetre guns shortly after 06:17 as the Battle of the River Plate begins.
Montevideo Selected after River Plate Battle
After the engagement, Langsdorff heads for neutral Montevideo to land wounded men, release prisoners and assess battle damage.
Turn Made against British Torpedo Threat
Langsdorff alters course as British cruisers attempt torpedo attacks, repeatedly using manoeuvre and smoke to complicate their firing.
Achilles Damaged by Near Miss
A near miss from Graf Spee damages Achilles and briefly disrupts the cruiser's course during the morning battle.
Achilles Maintains Pressure after Exeter Withdrawal
After Exeter is forced out of the fight, Parry keeps Achilles engaged alongside Ajax against the German raider.
Achilles Opens Fire during River Plate Battle
Parry's HMS Achilles opens fire with six-inch guns while operating with Ajax against Graf Spee.
Achilles Shadows Graf Spee toward Port
Parry's cruiser helps shadow Graf Spee toward Montevideo after Harwood breaks off the close daylight engagement.
Ajax Aft Turrets Disabled
A heavy Graf Spee hit disables Ajax's X turret and jams Y turret, sharply reducing the flagship's available firepower.
Ajax Launches Seafox Spotting Aircraft
Ajax launches its Fairey Seafox aircraft to assist observation and spotting during the engagement.
Ajax Launches Torpedoes at Graf Spee
Woodhouse's cruiser launches torpedoes during the close phase of the action, forcing Graf Spee to manoeuvre away.
Ajax Opens Six-Inch Fire on Graf Spee
Woodhouse brings HMS Ajax's six-inch guns into action as Harwood's flagship closes from a separate bearing.
Emergency Steering Maintains Exeter Control
After communications are wrecked, Exeter uses improvised methods, including men relaying orders, to keep steering the damaged cruiser.
Exeter Bridge Devastated by Heavy Shell
An 11-inch hit and splinters devastate Exeter's bridge, killing or wounding most personnel there and injuring Bell.
Exeter Launches Starboard Torpedoes
Bell's cruiser fires a starboard torpedo salvo at Graf Spee, but the German ship's manoeuvre causes the weapons to miss.
Exeter Opens Eight-Inch Fire
Bell's HMS Exeter opens fire with eight-inch guns soon after Graf Spee begins the engagement.
Exeter Withdraws after Severe Damage
With forward turrets disabled, flooding increasing and electrical systems failing, Bell withdraws Exeter from the main action.
Ajax and Achilles Ordered to Close
Harwood presses the two light cruisers closer to bring their six-inch guns effectively into action against Graf Spee.
Daylight Engagement Broken Off
Around 07:40 Harwood turns away, intending to shadow Graf Spee and renew the fight later under more favourable conditions.
Divided Cruiser Attack Plan Executed
Harwood separates Exeter from Ajax and Achilles so Graf Spee must divide its fire or leave one British group less engaged.
Exeter Sent to Investigate Smoke
Harwood detaches Exeter to investigate smoke on the horizon before the contact is identified as Admiral Graf Spee.
Graf Spee Shadowed toward Montevideo
Harwood keeps Ajax and Achilles in contact as the damaged German ship steams toward the River Plate estuary.
Light Cruisers Move to Protect Exeter
When Graf Spee turns toward the badly damaged Exeter, Harwood orders Ajax and Achilles to close and draw German fire away.
Graf Spee Enters Montevideo Harbour
Graf Spee enters Montevideo shortly after midnight, beginning an intense diplomatic dispute over repairs and the permitted length of stay.
Invasion of Norway
Issues OKW command to begin plans to invade orway
Reinforcements Requested off Montevideo
Harwood seeks additional warships while maintaining a naval watch outside the neutral port where Graf Spee has taken refuge.
Battle of River Plate
Buries the casualties of the battle
Cumberland Joins River Plate Force
HMS Cumberland reaches Harwood's force off Montevideo, strengthening the cruisers waiting for Graf Spee to leave port.
Mobilization
The armed forces are ordered to be ready for the occupation of the rest of Czech
Battle of River Plate
The crew are evacuated & the Graf Speee is scuttled, Langsdorf then shoots himself. Decides to scuttle his ship in the Plate Estuary to avoid unnecessary loss of life for no military advantage, against Hitler's will
Sinking of Admiral Graf Spee - Scuttling Charges
Langsdorff evacuated most of his crew before scuttling Admiral Graf Spee with demolition charges outside Montevideo on 17 December 1939.
Sinking of Admiral Graf Spee
Decides to scuttle his ship in the Plate Estuary to avoid unnecessary loss of life for no military advantage, against Hitler's will
Supreme War Council
Defends a cautious Allied strategy during the Phoney War.
Narvik Planning
Supports Allied discussion of action in Scandinavia against the German ore route.
Supreme War Council
Continues Anglo-French strategic discussions during the Phoney War.
Operation Weserübung Preparations Intensified
Jodl's operations staff develops military preparations for the planned invasion of Norway and Denmark.
Invasion of Norway
Quisling meets Hitler & urges him to invade Norway
Battle of River Plate
Ajax & Achilles shadow the Graf Spee into the neutral port of Montevideo
Graf Spee
Ajax & Achilles shadow the Graf Spee into the neutral port of Montevideo
Neutrality
Ajax & Achilles shadow the Graf Spee into the neutral port of Montevideo
Battle of River Plate
Ajax & Achilles shadow the Graf Spee into the neutral port of Montevideo
Battle of River Plate
Commands the HMS Achilles during the Battle of the River Plate
Graf Spee
Ajax & Achilles shadow the Graf Spee into the neutral port of Montevideo
Neutrality
Ajax & Achilles shadow the Graf Spee into the neutral port of Montevideo
Battle of River Plate
A major propaganda victory for the British during the Phony War, Churchills reputation is enhanced
Third Division Retreat Training Emphasised
Trains 3rd Division to conduct controlled withdrawals as well as offensive and defensive operations.
Invasion of Norway
Quisling meets Hitler & urges him to invade Norway
Acting President
Appointed Acting President of Panama
Exile of Zog
Exiled to Greece after the Italian invasion of Albania
Liberation Movement
Founds & leads the liberation movement
Resistance Organizing
Begins resistance activity during Italian occupation
Liberation Movement
Founds & leads the liberation movement
Move to Dublin
Moves to Dublin after receiving an invitation to help establish a new centre for advanced theoretical research in Ireland.
Ghent Appointment
Takes a temporary academic position at the University of Ghent before moving to Ireland.
Moses and Monotheism" (Der Mann Moses und die monotheistische Religion)
Publication of "Moses and Monotheism" (Der Mann Moses und die monotheistische Religion)
Moses and Monotheism
Publication of "Moses and Monotheism" (Der Mann Moses und die monotheistische Religion)
IVA 4B
Appointed Head of the IVA 4B Nazi Burueau which deals with "Jewish affairs"
Invasion of Poland
Joins in the invasion of Poland after the XVII Army Corps is transferred to Silesia
Invasion of Poland
Appointed Commander of the Luftflotte Four in Poland & the Balkans
Luftflotte Four
Appointed Commander of the Luftflotte Four in Poland & the Balkans
IVA 4B
Appointed Head of the IVA 4B Nazi Burueau which deals with "Jewish affairs"
Foreign Secretary of Belgium
Appointed Foreign Secretary, 1st term
Commander in Chief
Appointed Commander in Chief in the Near East for France
Presidential Election
Penaranda campaigns for the presidency after leading Bolivia's armed forces.
Oppenheimer-Volkoff Neutron-Star Limit
With Oppenheimer, calculates equilibrium limits for dense neutron cores using general relativity.
Yuan National Government
Begins another term as President of the Executive Yuan while continuing to direct wartime Nationalist policy.
Southern Bureau
Directs the Communist Party's Southern Bureau and wartime united-front activity in Nationalist-held territory.
Marriage
Marries Mao Zedong
Ionized Hydrogen Region Theory
Defines the characteristic volume now known as a Stromgren sphere.
Stromgren Sphere
Models ionized hydrogen regions surrounding hot stars.
Uranium Fission Theory
With John Wheeler, develops a theoretical account of nuclear fission and isotope-dependent neutron behaviour.
Experimental Fission Verification in Copenhagen
Directs an institute whose new nuclear equipment enables one of the earliest experimental verifications of fission, linking theoretical interpretation with accelerator-based laboratory work.
The Rules of the Game
Directs The Rules of the Game, a major work of French cinema.
Le Jour se leve
Directs Le Jour se leve.
Wartime Storage of Bayeux Tapestry
The embroidery was placed in an underground shelter at the Hotel du Doyen.
Minister of State
Appointed Minister of State, 2nd term
Discovery of Francium
Discovers francium as a decay product of actinium, filling atomic number 87 near the bottom of the alkali-metal group.
Nuclear Fission Research
Studies neutron multiplication after the discovery of nuclear fission.
Commander in Chief
Appointed Commander in Chief
Commander in Chief
Appointed Commander in Chief
Naturalization
Becomes a United States citizen after leaving Germany.
Ambassador
Appointed Ambassador of Turkey
Euthanasia
Appointed Joint Chief of the Euthanasia Programme by Hitler
Commission
Appointed Defence Commissioner for Defence District VI
Deputy Fuhrer
Appointed Hitler's successor
Deputy Head of State
Appointed second in succession to the head of State behind Hitler
Nazi-Soviet Pact
Negotiates the Russo-German Non Aggression Pact
Bolshevik Party
The Polish Bolsheviks kill 58,000 German Nationals in the Danzig corridor In the months leading up to the German invasion the Polish Army and independent Bolshevik units had been slaughtering German nationals in the Danzig corridor
Capture of Memel
Memel is captured, the chief port of Lithuania
Constitution of Germany
The SD, the Gestapo, and the Criminal Police are unified under one office, the Reich Central Security Office RSHA, which is placed under Heydrichs control
Gestapo
The SD, the Gestapo, and the Criminal Police are unified under one office, the Reich Central Security Office RSHA, which is placed under Heydrichs control
International Agreement at Berlin
Recieves the Czech Foreign Secretary Chvalkovsky & threatens the breakup of Czech. Sets up an independent Ruthenia rather than agree its annexation by Hungary
Massacre
The Polish Bolsheviks kill 58,000 German Nationals in the Danzig corridor In the months leading up to the German invasion the Polish Army and independent Bolshevik units had been slaughtering German nationals in the Danzig corridor
Reich Central Security Office
The SD, the Gestapo, and the Criminal Police are unified under one office, the Reich Central Security Office RSHA, which is placed under Heydrichs control
Sicherdienst (SD)
The SD, the Gestapo, and the Criminal Police are unified under one office, the Reich Central Security Office RSHA, which is placed under Heydrichs control
Gauleiter
Appointed Gauleiter of Thuringia
Gestapo
The SD, the Gestapo, and the Criminal Police are unified under one office, the Reich Central Security Office RSHA, which is placed under Heydrichs control
Reich Central Security Office
The SD, the Gestapo, and the Criminal Police are unified under one office, the Reich Central Security Office RSHA, which is placed under Heydrichs control
Sicherdienst (SD)
The SD, the Gestapo, and the Criminal Police are unified under one office, the Reich Central Security Office RSHA, which is placed under Heydrichs control
Leipzig Philosophy Appointment
Gadamer takes up the directorship of the Philosophical Institute at the University of Leipzig.
Nobel Prize
Receives the Nobel Prize in Chemistry for work on sex hormones.
Invention of Jet Aircraft
Invents the first jet aircraft, the He178
Virus Imaging by Electron Microscopy
Uses electron microscopy to visualize virus particles beyond the resolving power of optical microscopes.
Brigadier General
Appointed Brigadier General
Brigadier General
Appointed Brigadier
Chief of Staff
Appointed Chief of Staff for Security by Himmler in Poland
Chief of Staff
Appointed Chief of Staff of the Luftflotte IV in Poland
Chief of Staff
Chief of Staff, IV Corps during the invasion of Poland. Appointed Chief of Staff of the Sixthteenth Army
Colonel
Appointed Colonel
Commander of Army Group C
Appointed Commander of Army Group C to defend the Reich against France
Army Group North
Appointed Commander of Army Group North for the invasion of Poland
Commander of Army Group North
Appointed Commander of Army Group North for the invasion of Poland
Commander of Army Group South
Appointed Commander of the Army Group South
Befehlshaber der Unterseeboote
Appointed Befehlshaber der Unterseeboote, Admiral
Commander of Fourteenth Army
Appointed Commander of the 14th Army during the invasion of Poland
Commander of HQ
Appointed Commander of Hitler's HQ for the occupation of Prague
Rule of Prague
Appointed Commander of Hitler's HQ for the occupation of Prague
Commander of Sixteenth Corps
Appointed Commander XIX Panzer Corps
Commander of Totenkopf
Appointed Commander of the Totenkopfe of the Waffen SS
Economy of Germany
Hitler agrees Speers request to centralize iron & stell distribution via the GBI
Invasion of Poland
Involved in the Polish campaign
Chief of Staff
Appointed Chief of Staff for Security by Himmler in Poland
Chief of Staff
Appointed Chief of Staff of the Sixteenth Army
Army Group South
Chief of Staff to the Army Group South under General Gerd von Rundstedt
Invasion of Poland
Chief of Staff to the Army Group South under General Gerd von Rundstedt
Chief of Staff
Appointed Chief of Staff of the Luftflotte IV in Poland
Invasion of Poland
Chief of Staff of IV Corps during the invasion of Poland
Capture of Posen
September leads the eighth army into Posen
Eighth Army
September leads the eighth army into Posen
Capture of Warsaw
Commands the Army which captures Warsaw
Commander of Army Group C
Appointed Commander of Army Group C to defend the Reich against France
Army Group North
Appointed Commander of Army Group North for the invasion of Poland
Commander of Army Group North
Appointed Commander of Army Group North for the invasion of Poland
Invasion of Czech
Leads the invasion of Czech
Commander of Army Group South
Appointed Commander of the Army Group South
Invasion of Poland
Helps plan the Invasion of Poland. Brought out of retirement for the invasion of Poland
Commander of Fourteenth Army
Appointed Commander of the 14th Army during the invasion of Poland
Commander of HQ
Appointed Commander of Hitler's personal HQ on the outbreak of war
Invasion of Poland
Commands Lufftflotte 1 which provides most of the air support
Medal
Awarded the Knights Cross of the Iron Cross for the invasion of Poland
Commander of Totenkopf
Appointed Commander of the Totenkopfe of the Waffen SS
Freya Radar
Freya early-warning radar supports German air defence.
Freya Radar
Develops German radar equipment used for aircraft detection.
Army Group Command
Witzleben holds senior army command during the early phase of the war
Western Front
Witzleben commands German forces in the west as the war begins
Capture of Brest Litovsk
Bocks newly formed fast motorised tank Division captures Brest Litovsk
FMG
Creates a formation out of the 3rd & 10th Panzer & 2nd & Twentieth motorised Divisions
Capture of Germany
Poland is captured in 18 days. Much of the western zone of Poland is administered by the civilian Government-Central
Capture of River Bug
Poland is split between the Germans & the Russians along the River Bug
Rule of Polish Corridor
The Polish Corridor is incorporated into Germany
Rule of Teschen
Teschen in Poland is incorporated into Germany
Army Organisation
Quirnheim works on army organisation matters as Germany begins the war in Europe
Wehrmacht
As a professional army officer Quirnheim serves within the Wehrmacht during the early phase of the war
Goodbye, Mr Chips
Appears as Colley in the 1939 film version of Goodbye, Mr Chips, opposite Robert Donat
Academy Award
Winner of the Oscar for Best Actor, "Goodbye, Mr. Chips" as Mr. Chips
The Holy Terror
Publication of "The Holy Terror"
Behold, This Dreamer
Publication of "Behold, This Dreamer"
Government and the Governed
Publishes Government and the Governed, examining political ideas and their practical application.
Marrakech
Publishes the essay Marrakech.
Barber Institute Opening
The Barber Institute opens its gallery and concert facilities at the university.
Ambassador
Appointed Ambassador of Russia
Minister of Food
Appointed Minister of Food
Publication of Herodotus Book VIII
Publishes his scholarly edition of Herodotus Book VIII through Cambridge University Press.
Publication of The History of Herodotus
Publishes The History of Herodotus shortly before returning from Australia after the outbreak of war.
Publication of Casting-off, and Other Poems
Publishes Casting-off, and Other Poems, continuing the poetic work begun before his academic appointment in Australia.
Purge
Expelled from the Labour Party after he disaffiliates the Socialist League
Secretary of State
Appointed Secretary of State for Air
Minister of Dominions
Appointed Minister for the Dominions
Secretary
Appointed Dominions Secretary
Civil Service
Appointed Head of the Civil Service
Alliance Agreement with France & Britain
Russia offers a tripartite alliance with France & Britain. Visits Rome to prise Italy from the Axis, invited by Mussolini to pressurise France. Signs an agreement with Turkey. Signs an agreement with Poland
International Agreement at London
A coal agreement is signed with Germany & a team of negotiators visits Britain
Marriage
Philip first meets Elizabeth II
Marriage
Elizabeth II first meets Prince Philip
English Literature Degree
Hoggart completed his university education in English literature before military service during the Second World War.
Step by Step Published
Churchill published Step by Step, a collection of articles assessing international affairs during the 1930s.
1922 Committee
Appointed Chairman of the 1922 Committee
Military Service
Volunteers for military service but is rejected because of chronic asthma.
Totalitarianism
Condemns fascism, communism and other totalitarian systems as threats to democratic government.
Philosophy Politics and Economics
Develops his political outlook while studying philosophy, politics and economics at Oxford.
Marriage
Marries Barbara Clark, who remains his wife throughout his scientific career.
Stellar Evolution Collaboration
Hoyle began collaborating with Raymond Lyttleton on stellar evolution and the interaction between stars and interstellar matter.
St Johns College Fellowship
Hoyle became a Fellow of St John's College, Cambridge.
Systems of Logic Based on Ordinals
Publishes Systems of Logic Based on Ordinals, developed from his Princeton doctoral research.
Prewar League Championship
Tommy Lawton emerges as a leading goalscorer for Everton during the 1938–39 season, which ends with the club crowned First Division champions.
1939 FA Cup Final Campaign
Guides Wolverhampton Wanderers to the FA Cup final, where Portsmouth end the club’s attempt to win the trophy.
Crook Brings Blackburn Back to First Division
Crook manages Blackburn Rovers to the Second Division championship, earning promotion immediately before the outbreak of war.
Admiral
Appointed Admiral of the Fleet
Chief of Naval Staff
Appointed Chief of Staff, Naval
Commander in Chief
Appointed Commander in Chief
Commander of Northern Patrol
Appointed Commander of the Northern Patrol
First Lord of Admiralty
Appointed Chief of Staff, Naval
First Sea Lord of the Admiralty
Appointed First Sea Lord
Promotion to Lance Corporal
Is promoted from private to lance corporal while serving in the Royal Warwickshire Regiment.
Military Assistant
Appointed Military Assistant to the Secretary of State for War
GOC
Appointed General Officer Commanding (GOC) British Troops in Egypt
Commander of Bomber Group 5
Appointed Commander Bomber Group 5
Lieutenant
Commands the forces in Egypt
Commander in Chief
Appointed Commander in Chief
British Expeditionary Force (BEF)
Appointed Commander of the 2nd Corps of the British Expeditionary Force in France
Commander of Second Army Corps
Appointed Commander of the 2nd Corps of the British Expeditionary Force in France
Major General
Appointed Major General
Hut 8 Assignment
Is assigned to the Bletchley Park section that becomes responsible for attacking German Naval Enigma.
Naval Enigma Research
Concentrates on the particularly difficult problem of German Naval Enigma and U-boat communications.
Chief of Naval Staff
Appointed Chief of Naval Staff
Commander in Chief
Appointed Commander in Chief
First Lord of Admiralty
Appointed Chief of Staff of the Navy
First Sea Lord of the Admiralty
Appointed First Sea Lord
Broadcast
Joyces upper class tones earn him the name "Lord Haw Haw". Broadcasts German propoganda from theThird Reich
Military Assistant
Appointed Military Assistant to the Secretary of State for War
Commander of Bomber Group 5
Appointed Commander Bomber Group 5
Chain Home Radar Network
Completes a national radar network linked to Fighter Command reporting centres.
GOC
Appointed General Officer Commanding (GOC) British Troops in Egypt
Lieutenant
Commands the forces in Egypt
Commander in Chief
Appointed Commander in Chief
British Expeditionary Force (BEF)
Appointed Commander of the 2nd Corps of the British Expeditionary Force in France
British Expeditionary Force (BEF)
Directs defensive actions which secure the escape of the BEF from Dunkirk
Commander of Second Army Corps
Appointed Commander of the 2nd Corps of the British Expeditionary Force in France
Operation Dynamo
Directs defensive actions which secure the escape of the BEF from Dunkirk
Major
Appointed Major General, takes Division to France under Brooke as his corps Commander
String Quartet No 6
,the sadness of which has been related to the death of Bartoks mother and the looming war in Europe
Resignation of Bela Imredy
Resigns after the discovery that his mother had a Jewish grandmother
Pact between Germany, Italy, Japan and Hungary
Hungary joins the anti-commintern pact with Germany, Italy & Japan
Prime Minister of Hungary
Appointed Prime Minister of Hungary, 2nd term
Reform of Anti-Jewish Laws
Introduces anti-Jewish law
Neutron Chain Reaction Feasibility Studied
Leo Szilard pursued experiments on neutron production and absorption with researchers at Columbia University. Its practical implications extended beyond the initial application.
Uranium Neutron Multiplication
With collaborators at Columbia, measures neutron multiplication from uranium and advances chain-reaction studies.
Nuclear Power
Persuades Einstein to write to Roosevelt recommending US atomic weapons against Hitler. Influential in the establishment of the Manhattan Project
Arrest of Indira Nehru Gandhi
Imprisoned for political actions during the war
Congress Party
Joins the Congress Party
Resignation of Subhas Chandra Bose
Resigns from the Indian National Congress & forms a militant nationalist party
Marriage
Marries a sister of Faroq I of Egypt
Coup
Nuri al-Said is forced out of office
Regency
Appointed Regent
Succession
Succeeds as King Iraq
Birth of Seamus Heaney
Birth of Seamus Heaney
Pope
Appointed Pope
Roman Catholic Church
Becomes the patron Saint of Italy
Graphite Moderator Studies
Investigates graphite as a neutron moderator while assessing whether a uranium and graphite assembly can support a sustained nuclear chain reaction.
Columbia Uranium Neutron Experiments
Conducts neutron experiments on uranium at Columbia University while investigating whether a self-sustaining nuclear chain reaction could be achieved.
Columbia Uranium Neutron Investigations Start
Enrico Fermi investigated neutron multiplication in uranium systems after arriving in the United States. The project changed the techniques available to later investigators.
Fermi Szilard Neutron Experiments
Works with Leo Szilard and other collaborators on experiments designed to measure neutron production and absorption in uranium and graphite systems.
Recognition of Chain Reaction Possibility
Recognizes that uranium fission can release secondary neutrons and therefore may permit a self-sustaining nuclear chain reaction.
Columbia University Professorship
Joins Columbia University as professor of physics and continues neutron research soon after arriving in the United States.
Neutrality
Maintained neutrality during World War II
Osaka PO
Constructs a Post Office at Osaka. Completes the Osaka Post Office
Completes the popular historical novel
Completes the popular historical novel
Retirement
Retires from Government because of ist militareistic direction
Minister of War
Appointed Minister of War
Education
Sent to the Peers School, headed by Admiral Yamanashi
Commander in Chief
Appointed Commander in Chief, Combined Fleet
Armament
Japan launches a 6 yr naval construction program to have the largest Pacific fleet
After the Battle of Nomonhan the Foreign Minister signs a neutrality pact
After the Battle of Nomonhan the Foreign Minister signs a neutrality pact with Russia
Neutrality
After the Battle of Nomonhan the Foreign Minister signs a neutrality pact with Russia. After the Battle of Nomonhan a neutrality pact is signed with Russia
Pact between Japan and Soviet Union
After the Battle of Nomonhan the Foreign Minister signs a neutrality pact with Russia
Treaty of Neutrality
After the Battle of Nomonhan a neutrality pact is signed with Russia
Invasion of Hainan
Observes the Japanese invasion of Hainan Island
Invasion of Spratley Island
Observes the Japanese invasion of Spratley Islands off Vietnam
Arab Legion Command Change
John Bagot Glubb replaced Frederick Peake as commander of the Arab Legion, beginning a new phase of military organisation under Abdullah's government.
General
Appointed General Secretary of the Communist Party of Malaya
Minister of Finance
Appointed Minister of Finance, 3rd term
Prime Minister of Netherlands, The
Appointed Prime Minister of The Netherlands, 2nd term
Commander of NZEF
Appointed Commander of the New Zealand Expeditionary Force
Commander of NZEF
Appointed Commander of the New Zealand Expeditionary Force
President of Norway
Appointed President of the League Assembly of the League of Nations
President of Peru
Appointed President of Peru, 1st term
Government
Heads the Polish Government in exile, 1939-1943
Arrest of Wladyslaw Gomulka
Escapes after the German invasion of Poland
Marshal
Appointed Marshal
Assassination of Armand Calinescu
Assassinated by Iron Guardists
Death of Armand Calinescu
Assassinated by Iron Guardists
Prime Minister of Romania
Appointed Prime Minister of Romania
Chernaya Rechka Assignment
Shalamov joined a geological exploration crew at Chernaya Rechka while imprisoned in Kolyma.
Death of Karl Bernhardovich Radek
Death of Karl Bernhardovich Radek, in prison
The USSR and the War
Writes The USSR and the War after the Soviet-German pact and the outbreak of the Second World War.
Conference of Bucharest
Suggests a 4 power conference to defend Rumania after the German invasion of Prague. Litvinovs suggestion for a conference is rejected
Commissar
Appointed Peoples Commissar for the Textile Industry
Comintern
At the start of World War II, the Comintern supported a policy of non-intervention, arguing that the war was an imperialist war between various national ruling classes, much like World War I had been
Congress of Communist Party, 18th
Attacks Britain & France for rejecting collective security for fear of revolution. Attacks Britain & France for rejecting collective security due to fear of revolution
Central Committee
Appointed Membrer of the Central Committee
Central Committee
Appointed Member of Central Committee
Communist Party
Appointed Member of Communist Party
Full Politburo Membership
Becomes a full member of the Communist Party Politburo.
Politburo
Appointed Member of Politburo, full member
Dnepropetrovsk Party Secretary
Becomes a secretary of the Dnepropetrovsk regional Communist Party committee.
NKVD
Joins the Peoples Commissariat for Internal Affairs (NKVD)
Ukrainian Commissar of NKVD
Appointed Ukrainian Commissar of the NKVD
Alliance Russia and Chiang Kai-Shek
Appointed Military attache to Chiang Kai-shek
Military Attache
Appointed Military attache to Chiang Kai-shek
Medal
Awarded for expelling the Japanese 6th Army from the Mongolian-Manchurian border
Sixth Army
Awarded for expelling the Japanese 6th Army from the Mongolian-Manchurian border
Commander in Chief
Appointed Commander in Chief
Deputy Chairman
Appointed Deputy Chair of the State Committee for Defence
Lieutenant General
Appointed Lieutenant General
Defence Committee
Appointed Member of State Defence Committee
Police Chief-Beria
Appointed Member of State Defence Committee
Commander in Chief
Appointed Commander in Chief
Purge
Malenkov & Beria purge the Baltic States, 1939-1941
Purge
Malenkov & Beria purge the Baltic States, 1939-1941
Deputy Chair of State Committee for Defence
Appointed Deputy Chair of the State Committee for Defence
Capture of Russia
Russia occupies the eastern zone including Galicia & the Polish Ukraine. Poland is divided between the Germans & the Russians along the River Bug
Invasion of China
Sends Zhukov against the Japanese to teach them "a lesson they would never forget"
Neutrality
After Nomonhan the Japanese Foreign Minister visits Russia & signs a neutrality pact
Visit to Russia & signs a neutrality pact
Says to the Japanese Foregn Minister, "we are both Asiatics, Japan can now turn south". After Nomonhan the Japanese Foreign Minister visits Russia & signs a neutrality pact
Lieutenant General
Appointed Lieutenant General
Offensive
Distinguishes himself during the offensive in Mongolia against the Japanese 6th Army
Invasion of Poland
Partakes in the invasion of Poland
Defence Committee
Appointed Member of State Defence Committee
Police Chief-Beria
Appointed Member of State Defence Committee
Deputy Prime Minister
Appointed Deputy Prime Minister
Minister of Education
Appointed Minister of Education
Minister of Finance
Appointed Minister of Finance
Minister of Native Affairs
Appointed Secretary for Native Affairs
Secretary of State for Agriculture
Appointed Minister for Agriculture & Forestry
Bachelor of Arts Studies
Begins university studies toward a Bachelor of Arts degree.
Fort Hare Enrollment
Enrolls at the University College of Fort Hare.
Nationalist Party
Founds & leads the reunited Nationalist Party
Declaration of War
Opposes South Africas participation in the war
Resignation of Daniel Francois Malan
Resigns in favour of Hertzog
Reunited National Party
Opposition to South African participation in World War II is used by the Purified National Party to stir up anti-British imperialist feelings amongst Afrikaners & reunification of the Purified Nationalists with the National Party. Formation of the Herenigde Nasionale Party (Reunited National Party), which went on to defeat Smuts United Party in 1948
Resignation of James Hertzog
Hertzog refused to commit South Africa to Britains war effort against Nazi Germany, the majority of the United Party caucus were of a different mind, however, and Hertzog resigns
United Party
Hertzog refused to commit South Africa to Britains war effort against Nazi Germany, the majority of the United Party caucus were of a different mind, however, and Hertzog resigns
Party Leader
Jan Smuts succeeds Hertzog and led the party and the country throughout World War II and the immediate post-war years
Sagrada Familia Direction Restored
Takes charge of Sagrada Familia work and continues reconstruction using surviving and published material.
Constitution of Spain
June 39-July 42, the Falange Espanol Grand Council is the principle legislative body
Franco demands the return of Gibraltar to Spain
Franco demands the return of Gibraltar to Spain
Intermezzo: A Love Story
Bergmans first acting role in America came when Hollywood producer David O. Selznick brought her to America to star in Intermezzo: A Love Story, an English language remake of her 1936 Swedish film, Intermezzo
Planetary Atmospheric Waves
Provides a foundation for modern weather analysis and forecasting.
Rossby Waves
Explains large-scale atmospheric waves caused by Earths rotation.
Nobel Prize
Discoverer of the molecular structure of testosterone & other male sex hormones
Reich Health Inspector
Appointed Reich Health Inspector
IRC
Appointed Head of the International Red Cross
Neutron Magnetic Resonance
With Luis Alvarez, applies resonance methods to determine the neutron magnetic moment.
Invasion of Switzerland
The entire country is fully mobilized in only three days, the Swiss Government began to fortify positions throughout the country, the total strength of the army and militias grew to over 500,000. In the course of the war, detailed invasion plans were drawn up by the German military command such as Operation Tannenbaum, but Switzerland was never attacked
Operation Tannenbaum
In the course of the war, detailed invasion plans were drawn up by the German military command such as Operation Tannenbaum, but Switzerland was never attacked
Beau Geste
Stars in, "Beau Geste"
Mr. Smith Goes to Washington
Stars in, "Mr. Smith Goes to Washington". Stars in, "Its a Wonderful World". Stars in, "Destry Rides Again"
Raffles
Directs Raffles. Directs Goodbye, Mr. Chips
Wuthering Heights
Directs, Wuthering Heights
Marooned off Vesta Debut
Asimov's story Marooned off Vesta appeared in Amazing Stories, marking his first professional fiction publication.
Education
Attends a Columbia University evening writing class taught by Whit Burnett, longtime editor of Story magazine
Pullitzer Prize
Winner of the Pullitzer Prize for "Grapes of Wrath"
The Grapes of Wrath
Publication of "The Grapes of Wrath"
The Nature of the Chemical Bond
Publication of "The Nature of the Chemical Bond"
Third Locks Project
Roosevelt authorises preliminary work for a third set of locks to increase wartime capacity.
Chairman
Appointed Chairman of the War Resources Board
Barred Spirals
Hubble publishes a report on barred spiral galaxies, extending his morphological work on systems whose spiral arms emerge from a central bar rather than directly from the nucleus.
Franklin Medal in Physics
The Franklin Institute awards Edwin Hubble the 1939 Franklin Medal in Physics for his extensive studies of nebulae beyond the Milky Way and the resulting enlargement of the known scale of the universe.
Motion of the Galactic System Among the Nebulae
Hubble analyses residual radial motions of nebulae after removal of the systematic redshift trend in order to estimate the motion of the Milky Way system relative to external galaxies.
New Stellar Systems in Sculptor and Fornax
Edwin Hubble and Walter Baade publish observations of newly recognised stellar systems in Sculptor and Fornax, helping establish these faint systems as nearby members of the Local Group environment.
Spherical Cluster Relativity Analysis
Studies a stationary spherical system of gravitating particles and argues that such configurations do not naturally form the Schwarzschild-type singular surface then under discussion.
Cosmology
Gamow begins applying nuclear physics to early universe problems that will shape hot Big Bang theory
Relativistic Neutron-Star Equilibrium
Develops relativistic stellar-structure equations used in theoretical descriptions of neutron stars.
Oppenheimer-Snyder Collapse
Coauthors the relativistic model of gravitational collapse to a black-hole-like state.
Gravitational Collapse
Publishes work with Snyder on continued gravitational contraction of massive stars.
Nobel Prize
Receives the Nobel Prize in Physics for inventing and developing the cyclotron and for results obtained with artificially produced radioactive elements.
Chain Reaction Warning
Warns of uranium chain-reaction possibilities with Szilard.
Gravitational Collapse
Snyder coauthors the relativistic collapse model showing how a massive star can pass within its Schwarzschild radius
Gravitational Collapse
Oppenheimer analyzes continued gravitational collapse as an implication of general relativity
Fission Theory with Bohr
With Niels Bohr, develops a liquid-drop description of fission and neutron-induced uranium reactions.
Fission Theory
Works with Bohr on the theory of nuclear fission.
Neutron Magnetic Moment Measurement
With Felix Bloch, uses magnetic resonance to measure the neutron magnetic moment.
Chief of Staff
Appointed Chief of Staff
Colonel
Appointed Colonel
Einstein-Szilard Letter
President Franklin Roosevelt calls on Lyman Briggs of the National Bureau of Standards to head "The Uranium Committee" to undertake nuclear research, as a result of the Einstein-Szilard letter
Manhattan Project
President Franklin Roosevelt calls on Lyman Briggs of the National Bureau of Standards to head "The Uranium Committee" to undertake nuclear research, as a result of the Einstein-Szilard letter
Chief of Staff
Appointed Chief of Staff
Requests Congress to amend the Neutrality Act to sell arms
Requests Congress to amend the Neutrality Act to sell arms. The outbreak of war & the Russo-German non-aggression pact change US attitudes
Hoa Hoa
Founds the Hoa Hoa, military Buddhist organisation used by the Japanese
Neutrality
When World War II broke out, Yugoslavia declared its neutrality
When World War II broke out, Yugoslavia declared its neutrality
When World War II broke out, Yugoslavia declared its neutrality
The Fate of Homo Sapiens
Wells published The Fate of Homo Sapiens, warning of dangers confronting humanity.