Atlantic Charter
China joins the major Allies in affirming Atlantic Charter principles.
Historical events in 1942
1,424 historical records
January 194277 historical events
Atlantic Charter
Signs the Declaration by United Nations for China.
Peace
China joins the United States, Britain, Soviet Union and other Allies in the Declaration by United Nations, pledging not to make a separate peace.
Commander of Eighty 6th Infantry Division
While on the Eastern Front, Weidling is appointed to Commander of the 86th Infantry Division
Commander of Eighty 6th Infantry Division
While on the Eastern Front, Weidling is appointed to Commander of the 86th Infantry Division
Conference of Washington
Declaration 26 not to conclude a separate armistice, becomes the basis for the foundation of the United Nations
Atlantic Charter
Reaffirms the Atlantic Charter and a pledge against separate peace.
Atlantic Charter
Signs the Declaration by United Nations in Washington.
Conference of Washington
Declaration 26 not to conclude a separate armistice, becomes the basis for the foundation of the United Nations. 26 Allied countries sign the United Nations Declaration following the principles of the Atlantic Charter
Conference of Washington
A pact made at the Washington Conference becomes the nucleus of the United Nations
United Nations
Declaration by 26 Allies not to conclude a separate armistice, the pact becomes the UN. A pact made at the Washington Conference becomes the nucleus of the United Nations
Conference of Washington
Declaration by 26 Allies not to conclude a separate armistice. A pact made at the Washington Conference becomes the nucleus of the United Nations
Atlantic Charter
Accepts the common programme embodied in the Atlantic Charter.
Atlantic Charter
Signs the Declaration by United Nations for the Soviet Union.
President of Switzerland
Begins a one-year term as President of the Swiss Confederation.
Conference of Washington
An allied pact becomes the United Nations
United Nations
Declaration by 26 Allies not to conclude a separate armistice, the pact becomes the UN. Declaration 26 by Allies not to conclude a separate armistice becomes basis for the UN
Conference of Washington
Declaration by 26 Allies not to conclude a separate armistice. An allied pact becomes the United Nations
Declaration of Allies
Declaration by 26 Allies not to conclude a separate armistice, the pact becomes the UN
Treaty of Peace-Allies
Declaration 26 by Allies not to conclude a separate armistice becomes basis for the UN
Atlantic Charter
Helps transform the charter's principles into a wider Allied commitment.
Atlantic Charter
Signs the Declaration by United Nations incorporating Atlantic Charter principles.
Peace
Britain, the USA, China & 22 Allies agree not to make a separate peace with Germany
Battle of Bardia
The Allies recapture Bardia
Peace
Britain, the USA, China & 22 Allies agree not to make a separate peace with Germany
Peace
Britain, the USA, China & 22 Allies agree not to make a separate peace with Germany
Birth of John Edward Thaw
Birth of John Edward Thaw
Invasion of Russia
Plans a counter-offensive at the meeting of the Stavka & State Defence Committee
STAVKA
Plans a counter-offensive at the meeting of the Stavka & State Defence Committee
Birth of Stephen William Hawking
Birth of Stephen William Hawking
Marriage
Marries Mickey Rooney
Diplomatic Mission
Ciano visits Budapest as Italy maintains Axis diplomatic contacts during the expanding European war.
Death of Carole Lombard
Death of Carole Lombard
War Production Board
Nelson coordinates conversion of civilian factories and allocation of strategic materials.
Dismissal
Fails to capture Leningrad & is dismissed by Hitler
Birth of Muhammad Ali
Birth of Muhammad Ali, born Cassius Marcellus Clay, Jr
Commander of Ninth Army
Appointed Commander of the Ninth Army
Commander of Ninth Army
Appointed Commander of the Ninth Army
Siege of Moscow
Consolidates the front during the retreat from Moscow
Conference Secretary Role
Records and later prepares the conference protocol.
Heydrich Conference Preparation
Provides data used in planning continent-wide deportations.
Wannsee Briefing Papers
Prepares briefing materials for Reinhard Heydrich before Wannsee.
Wannsee Conference Participation
Attends the Wannsee Conference as Heydrich's specialist official.
Conference of Wansee
Takes minutes at the Wansee Conference. Summoned by Heydrich to discuss Jewish extermination. Later travels throughout Europe to witness the Wansee decisions
Concentration Camps
During the Wannsee Conference the procedures of the elimination of the European Jews are discussed, shortly after this conference, the elimination camps of Chelmno, Belzec, Sobibor, Treblinka, Majdanek and Auschwitz-Birkenau begin their work
Conference of Wansee
The Conference sets in motion the "Final Solution of the Jewish question". During the Wannsee Conference the procedures of the elimination of the European Jews are discussed, shortly after this conference, the elimination camps of Chelmno, Belzec, Sobibor, Treblinka, Majdanek and Auschwitz-Birkenau begin their work
Final Solution
A surviving copy of the minutes of this meeting was found by the Allies in 1947.
Final Solution
During the Wannsee Conference the procedures of the elimination of the European Jews are discussed, shortly after this conference, the elimination camps of Chelmno, Belzec, Sobibor, Treblinka, Majdanek and Auschwitz-Birkenau begin their work.
Final Solution
During the conference, there was a discussion held by a group of German Nazi officials to decide on the "Final Solution of the Jewish Question."
Final Solution
The Conference sets in motion the "Final Solution of the Jewish question".
Conference of Wansee
Chairs the Conference which sets in motion the "Final Solution of the Jewish question"
Command of Ariete
De Stefanis assumes command of the Ariete Armoured Division during the North African campaign.
Siege of Agedabia
The Allies are forced back to Agedabia
Axis Counteroffensive
Bastico oversees Italian forces as the Axis counteroffensive begins from the El Agheila area toward Cyrenaica.
Capture of Agedabia
Agedabia is captured by the Germans
Siege of Agedabia
Agedabia is captured by the Germans
Visit to Belfast
The first US Army unit to arrive in Britain, elements of the 34th Division, land at Belfast (Northern Ireland)
Social Insurance Committee
Answers Commons questions on the committee examining social insurance and allied services.
Massacre
150 houses are burned to the ground, 8 people are shot dead
Massacre
"the result of the war will be the complete annihilation of the Jews". Celebrates his 9th anniversary of power
Battle of Moulmein
Driven out of Moulmein by the Japanese & forced to withdraw across the Salween
Capture of Japan
The Japanese complete the capture of Malaya
Mobilization
Moves the 6th Army HQ to Kharkov
Siege of Kharkov
The Russians under Timosheko lay siege to Kharkov but call it off after 2 months
Sixth Army
Moves the 6th Army HQ to Kharkov
Flotilla Leader
Appointed Flotilla Leader
Enigma Machine
Leaves Hut 8 to become deputy to Dilly Knox in the section attacking Abwehr Enigma.
Siege of Tobruk
Rommel drives the Eighth Army back to Gazala, only 25 miles outside Tobruk
Operation Overlord
Studies plans written by the British & USA Combined-Chiefs of Staff
Siege of Tobruk
Sent by Churchill to persuade Auchinleck to capture Cyrenaica but Cripps fails
Alliance Great Britain and allied partners not stated in source
The Alliance is confirmed, British Chiefs of Staff confirm their role
Flotilla Leader
Appointed Flotilla Leader
Invasion of Burma
Begins the Japanese invasion of Burma
Invasion of Burma
Helps the Japanese invade Burma after being promised Burmas independence from Britain
Capture of Lozovaya
Captures Lozovaya & discovers a German camp with appalling conditions
Siege of Kharkov
Captures the Barvenkovo salient
Siege of Kharkov
The Russians under Timosheko lay siege to Kharkov but call it off after 2 months
February 194250 historical events
Lieutenant
Appointed Lieutenant General in the Afrika Korps
Enigma Machine
Commands the U-boat force when four-rotor M4 Enigma is introduced for Atlantic submarine traffic.
Capture of Gazala
The Eighth Army is forced to withdraw to the Gazala line
Lieutenant
Appointed Lieutenant General in the Afrika Korps
Formation of Frontier Guard Regiment
A new frontier-guard infantry regiment is formed at Castel Benito under Di Lorenzo for service in North Africa.
Invasion of Malaya
Forces the British back as far as Singapore Island
Dismissal
The dismissal provokes the resignation of all the Bishops in Norway. Dismissed for organizing resistance to the puppet Nazi Government
Jews
Forces all Jews to wear a star & have their passports marked with a J
Capture of Dernia
The Allies evacuate Dernia & Rommel stops between Mechili & the coast
Government
Forms a Wafd government after British pressure at Abdeen Palace before the El Alamein campaign.
Abdeen Palace Incident
Accepts a Wafd government after British forces surround Abdeen Palace.
Capture of Cyrenaica
Completes the capture of Cyrenaica
Battle of Rzhev
Traps a large number of Russian units, the line is closed with 26,000 Russians dead. Begins to attack the Russians in order to hold Rzhev & stop the Russian advance
Battle of Singapore
1st day of the battle to capture Singapore
Capture of Singapore
Launches an assault on Singapore Island
Constituent Assembly Plans
Kerensky continues political activity connected with constituent assembly plans.
Central Planning Authority
Sets out proposals for central planning machinery as reconstruction responsibilities are reorganised.
Cabinet
Churchill goes on the air to rally morale & reorganises his Cabinet
Capture of Singapore
Singapore surrenders to the Japanese
Capture of Singapore
Singapore surrenders to Yamashita, 130,000 British are taken prisoner
Result of Surrender of Singapore Garrison
Singapore falls to Japan and about 130,000 Allied personnel become prisoners.
Surrender of Singapore Garrison
Singapore surrenders to Yamashita, 130,000 British are taken prisoner
Trial
Tried before the French High Court at Riom for the French defeat
US Army Air Force (USAAF) European HQ is established at Daws Hill
US Army Air Force (USAAF) European HQ is established at Daws Hill, High Wycombe (Bucks)
USAAF
US Army Air Force (USAAF) European HQ is established at Daws Hill, High Wycombe (Bucks)
Battle of Sittang
Escapes across the Sittang after an attack by the Japanese but loses heavy equipment
Supreme Commander
Appointed Supreme Commander of Allied forces in India & Burma
Supreme Commander
Appointed Supreme Commander of Allied forces in India & Burma
Operation Biting
Combined Operations supports the Bruneval radar raid.
Operation Biting
British airborne planning supports the Bruneval radar raid.
Operation Biting
Commands paratroopers in the Bruneval radar raid.
Operation Biting
Seeks intelligence on German Wurzburg radar capabilities.
Operation Biting
Dismantles Wurzburg radar components during the raid.
Colonel
Appointed Colonel General
Colonel
Appointed Colonel General
Medal
Awarded the Oak Leaf to the Knights Cross
Birth of Lewis Brian Hopkin Jones
Birth of Lewis Brian Hopkin Jones
Birth of Brian Jones
Birth of Brian Jones, founder and multi-instrumentalist of the Rolling Stones.
Bruneval Raid
The Bruneval raid brings Wurzburg radar parts back to Britain.
Operation Biting
British paratroops seize components from a German Wurzburg radar.
Arrest of Edouard Daladier
Interned by the Vichy Government & tried for betraying his country
Exile of Edouard Daladier
Deported to Germany & held there until the end of the war
Vichy Government
Interned by the Vichy Government & tried for betraying his country
Major General
Promoted to the rank of Major General (Generalmajor)
Invasion of Russia
By the end of Feb there are over 1 million German losses. By the end of Feb German forces are driven 200 miles from Moscow
Siege of Moscow
By the end of Feb German forces are driven 200 miles from Moscow
Major General
Promoted to the rank of Major General (Generalmajor)
Enigma Machine
Faces the loss of readable U-boat traffic when four-rotor Naval Enigma creates the Shark blackout.
Mobilization
The Eighth Army reaches Agheila but it cannot be captured from Rommel
Capture of Sumatra
Leads the principal assault in the Japanese capture of southern Sumatra
March 194251 historical events
Battle of Rzhev
Russian forces are trapped & then destroyed
Command of Folgore
Frattini assumes command of the Folgore parachute division before its deployment to North Africa.
Invasion of Java
Imamura's Sixteenth Army lands on Java as Japan moves to complete the conquest of the Netherlands East Indies.
Birth of Lewis Allan Reed
Birth of Lewis Allan Reed, later known professionally as Lou Reed.
Dismissal
Replaced by Lieutenant General Alexander
Capture of Rangoon
The Japanese capture Rangoon
Surrender of Java
Imamura receives the capitulation of Allied forces on Java, completing the principal Japanese campaign on the island.
350th Infantry Regiment
The frontier-guard formation commanded by Di Lorenzo is redesignated the 350th Infantry Regiment for North African service.
Agreement on Cooperate in strategic planning in the event
US and Britain agree to cooperate in strategic planning in the event the US enters the war, during the ABC-1 talks, the US agree in principal that the defeat of Germany would be the first priority in the event of a two-theatre conflict
Commander of Burma Corps
Appointed Commander of the Burma Corps
Commander of Burma Corps
Appointed Commander of the Burma Corps
Invasion of Burma
Begins to defend the Prome-Toungoo Line
Defencive Line
Establishes a defensive line from Prome to Toungoo & east to the Salween River
Battle of Toungoo
Renews the offensive in Burma by attacking the Chinese Army at Toungoo
Second Battle of Sirte
Iachino leads the Italian battle fleet during the Second Battle of Sirte while attempting to intercept a British convoy bound for Malta.
Jewish Deportations
Deportations of Slovak Jews to Nazi-controlled camps begin.
Promotion to Major General
Promoted to temporary Major General while serving on the War Department General Staff.
Siege of Caucasus
Presents Hitler's plans for the conquest of the Caucasus & Russia up the Volga
Birth of Neil Kinnock
Birth of Neil Kinnock
Operation Chariot
A naval and commando raid on the St Nazaire (Operation Chariot) succeeds at badly damaging the ports dry dock and denying it German navy capital ships
Siege of St Nazaire
A naval and commando raid on the St Nazaire (Operation Chariot) succeeds at badly damaging the ports dry dock and denying it German navy capital ships
Atlantic Patrol
Tazzoli returns to Le Verdon after a 56-day Atlantic patrol in which Fecia di Cossato's submarine sank six merchant ships.
Chief of Staff
Appointed Chief of Staff of the 6th Army
Commander in Chief
Appointed Commander in Chief for the West, replaces Witzleben
Major General
Appointed Major General
Oberkommando des Heeres (OKH)
Appointed Member of OKH Fuhrer Reserve
Plenipotentiary
Appointed Plenipotentiary for Labour Allocation
Operation Reinhard
Named in memory of Reinhard Heydrich, coordinator of the Endlosung der Judenfrage (Final Solution of the Jewish Question), extermination of the Jews living in the European countries occupied by the German 3rd Reich
Eastern Front Operational Control Remains with OKH
The main Eastern Front remains under OKH operational control while Jodl's OKW staff directs other theatres.
OKW Western Theatre Responsibilities Expanded
Jodl's operations staff assumes broader responsibility for theatres facing the Western Allies outside the main Eastern Front.
Western Allied Theatre Direction Expanded
Jodl becomes the principal OKW operational adviser for campaigns against the Western Allies and peripheral theatres.
Chief of Staff
Appointed Chief of Staff of the 6th Army
Dismissal
Dismissed because the 6th Army had not counter-attacked enough at the siege of Kharkov
Sixth Army
Dismissed because the 6th Army had not counter-attacked enough at the siege of Kharkov
Commander in Chief
Appointed Commander in Chief for the West, replaces Witzleben
Final Solution
By spring of 1942, Operation Reinhard began the systematic extermination of the Jews, although hundreds of thousands already had been killed by death squads and in mass pogroms
Holocaust
Code name given to the Nazi plan to murder Polish Jews in the General Government, marks the beginning of the most deadly phase of the Holocaust, the use of extermination camps
Oberkommando der Wehrmacht (OKW)
Directs the command of the West under the OKW & the East under the OKH
Oberkommando des Heeres (OKH)
Directs the command of the West under the OKW & the East under the OKH
Operation Reinhard
By spring of 1942, Operation Reinhard began the systematic extermination of the Jews, although hundreds of thousands already had been killed by death squads and in mass pogroms
Operation Reinhard
Code name given to the Nazi plan to murder Polish Jews in the General Government, marks the beginning of the most deadly phase of the Holocaust, the use of extermination camps.
Operation Reinhard
During the operation, as many as two million people are murdered in Belzec, Sobibor and Treblinka, almost all of whom were Jews.
Operation Reinhard
Named in memory of Reinhard Heydrich, coordinator of the Endlosung der Judenfrage (Final Solution of the Jewish Question), extermination of the Jews living in the European countries occupied by the German 3rd Reich.
Pogroms
By spring of 1942, Operation Reinhard began the systematic extermination of the Jews, although hundreds of thousands already had been killed by death squads and in mass pogroms
Major General
Appointed Major General
Oberkommando der Wehrmacht (OKW)
Appointed Member of OKH Fuhrer Reserve
Plenipotentiary
Appointed Plenipotentiary for Labour Allocation
Atlantic Submarine Attack
Rossetto commands Finzi during an Atlantic attack in which four torpedoes sink a British merchant vessel of about 7,000 tons.
Commander US Naval Forces in Europe
Appointed Commander of the US Naval forces in Europe
Commander US Naval Forces in Europe
Appointed Commander of the US Naval forces in Europe
Enigma Machine
Is selected by NCR to lead engineering of a high-speed U.S. Navy Bombe for four-rotor Enigma.
April 194228 historical events
President of Chile
Takes office as President of Chile during the Second World War.
Invasion of Russia
Army Group Centre would conduct holding attacks, Army Group North would capture Leningrad and link with Finland, and Army Group South would capture the Caucasus.
Invasion of Russia
Hitler laid out the elements of the plan now known as "Case Blue" (Fall Blau) in Fuhrer Directive No. 41.
Invasion of Russia
Hitler's HQ issues orders for the "final victory in the East."
Invasion of Russia
The directive set the 1942 summer campaign's goals on Germany's Eastern Front.
Operation Case Blue
Hitler laid out the elements of the plan now known as "Case Blue" (Fall Blau) in Fuhrer Directive No. 41. The directive stated the main goals of the 1942 summer campaign on Germany's Eastern Front: holding attacks for Army Group (AG) Centre, the capture of Leningrad and the link-up with Finland for AG North, and the capture of the Caucasus region for Army Group South
Battle of Wadi Akarit
Leads the Eighth Armys to victory at Wadi Akarit
Fall of Bataan
Homma's forces secure Bataan after the exhausted American and Filipino defenders surrender.
Battle of Bataan
The US surrenders to the Japanese on Bataan. MacArthur is evacuated but Allied prisoners are forced on the Bataan Death March
Battle of Bataan
The US surrenders to the Japanese on Bataan
Result of Surrender of American Forces on Bataan
American forces surrender and Parker enters Japanese captivity for the remainder of the war.
Surrender of American Forces on Bataan
Surrenders to the Japanese, spends the rest of the war in a prisoner of war camp
Operation Bolero
US and British military commanders discuss the build-up of US forces in the UK for an eventual invasion of German-occupied Europe, the build-up phase is codenamed Bolero
Capture of Konigstein
Escapes from Konigstein, becomes an national hero in France
Bombing of Tokyo
Leads the B52 bombing of Tokyo & other Japanese cities
National Service
Registers for national service
Conscription Plebiscite
Asks voters to release the government from its anti-conscription pledge.
General Maximum Price Regulation
The OPA imposes broad price ceilings to restrain wartime inflation.
Axis Conference
Ciano attends the Klessheim meetings with Mussolini and the German leadership during discussions of Axis strategy.
Axis Conference
Mussolini meets Hitler at Klessheim near Salzburg to discuss Axis strategy, including operations in the Mediterranean and Soviet Union.
Axis Conference
Cavallero accompanies Mussolini to the Klessheim conference, where Italian and German leaders review Mediterranean and Eastern Front plans.
Operation C3 Planning
Cavallero presses plans for the projected Axis assault on Malta, known in Italy as Operation C3, during high-level talks with Germany.
Treasury Bill Rate Support
The Federal Reserve directs Reserve Banks to purchase Treasury bills offered at a fixed three-eighths percent discount rate, supporting wartime government financing and anchoring short-term interest rates.
Enigma Machine
Visits U.S. Navy cryptanalysts and argues for closer sharing of Enigma results and methods.
Dieppe Army Planning Responsibility
Takes responsibility for Army planning connected with the proposed Dieppe raid before leaving home command.
Siege of Dieppe
Made responsible for the Army planning for the raid on Dieppe
Operations Division Appointment
Appointed Assistant Chief of Staff in charge of the Operations Division for Army Chief of Staff George C. Marshall.
Conference of London
At a General Staff Conference the US is given the task of planning entry into Europe. At a General Staff Conference the US is given planning mobilization in Britain
May 194273 historical events
Battle of Coral Sea
Orders Inouye to sieze bases in the southern Solomons & capture Port Moresby
Battle of Coral Sea
Ordered by Yamamoto to sieze bases in the southern Solomons & capture Port Moresby
Capture of Port Moresby
Ordered to capture Port Moresby in the Solomons
Capture of Mandalay
The Japanese capture Mandalay
Second Stauning Premiership
The Second Stauning Premiership ends in Copenhagen, concluding this term as Prime Minister of Denmark.
Capture of Tulagi
Japanese forces occupy the island of Tulagi without opposition
Battle of Coral Sea
Captures the Island of Tulagi in the Coral Sea
Capture of Tulagi
Captures the Island of Tulagi in the Coral Sea
First Buhl Government
Begins the First Buhl Government in Copenhagen and serves as Prime Minister of Denmark.
Midway Occupation Order
Yamamoto receives orders to conduct the occupation of Midway and key western Aleutian positions.
Battle of Midway
Japan must now concentrate on defending the Southern Resources Area. Japan loses its initiative in the Pacific
Capture of Corregidor
The Japanese capture Corregidor
Fall of Corregidor
Homma's forces capture Corregidor, ending organized Allied resistance in the Manila Bay defenses.
Capture of Corregidor
The Japanese complete their capture of the Phillipines
Battle of Bataan
The US surrenders to the Japanese on Corregidor after the surrender of Bataan
Carrier Operations at Coral Sea
Hara commands Carrier Division Five, centered on Shokaku and Zuikaku, during the Coral Sea operation.
Battle of Coral Sea
The Shoho is sunk
Battle of the Coral Sea
Takagi commands the Japanese carrier striking force as the Battle of the Coral Sea begins.
Operation Trappenjagd
Manstein launched Operation Trappenjagd against Soviet forces on the Kerch Peninsula. German attacks, backed by strong air support, broke through the Soviet defensive positions and led to the collapse of their bridgehead.
Battle of Coral Sea
Inouye is forced to call off his planned capture of Port Moresby in the Solomons
Damage to Shokaku
Hara's Carrier Division Five loses operational strength after Shokaku is badly damaged by American dive bombers.
Battle of Coral Sea
The air-sea Battle of the Coral Sea comes out as an tactical victory but strategical defeat for Japan
Battle of Coral Sea
Calls off the plan to sieze bases in the southern Solomons & capture Port Moresby
Carrier Battle at Coral Sea
Takagi's carriers exchange major air strikes with American carriers in the first carrier battle fought beyond visual range.
Battle of Coral Sea
Japanese expansion is stopped at New Guinea
Battle of Coral Sea
Japanese expansion in the Pacific is stopped off New Guinea
German Decoration
Fecia di Cossato receives a German decoration after successful Atlantic submarine operations conducted from the Betasom base.
Fridericus
Submits plans to von Bock to eliminate the Barvenkovo salient
Battle of Kalewa
Gets his remaining troops across the Chindwin River & into the border region
Siege of Kharkov
Timoshenko breaks through Heitzs VIII Corps to within 12 miles of Kharkov
Siege of Kharkov
Timoshenko breaks through Heitzs VIII Corps to within 12 miles of Kharkov
Birth of Ian Dury
Birth of Ian Dury
Siege of Kharkov
Timoshenko breaks through Heitzs VIII Corps to within 12 miles of Kharkov. Launches an attack to cut off Kharkov with 640,000 men, 1,200 tanks & 1,000 planes
Birth of Jeff Astle
Birth of Jeff Astle
Fourth Hermann Jonasson Government
The Fourth Hermann Jonasson Government ends, concluding this term as Prime Minister of Iceland.
First Olafur Thors Government
Begins the First Olafur Thors Government and serves as Prime Minister of Iceland.
Prime Minister of Iceland
Appointed Prime Minister of Iceland
Siege of Kharkov
Strikes at the Barvenkovo salient, as ordered by Hitler
Siege of Kharkov
Timoshenko requests further support from Stalin who just refuses withdrawal. Kleist counter-attacks & forces Timoshenko back
Siege of Kharkov
Timoshenko requests further support from Stalin who just refuses a withdrawal. Kleist counter-attacks & forces Timoshenko back
Siege of Kharkov
The "Barvenkovo mousetrap" is sprung by Kleist & Paulus, 240,000 Russians are taken
Siege of Kharkov
The "Barvenkovo mousetrap" is sprung by Kleist & Paulus, 240,000 Russians are taken
Siege of Kharkov
Timoshenko calls off his offensive after Kleists advance into the Barvenko salient
Siege of Kharkov
The "Barvenkovo mousetrap" is sprung by Kleist & Paulus, 240,000 Russians are taken
Siege of Kharkov
Timoshenko calls off his offensive after Kleists advance into the Barvenko salient. The "Barvenkovo mousetrap" is sprung by Kleist & Paulus, 240,000 Russians are taken
Siege of Kharkov
Timoshenko is forced to call off his attack
Battle of Bir-Hakeim
Rommel sends his armour south of Bir-Hakeim to outflank the British
Invasion of Libya
Commences the invasion of Libya
Treaty of Anglo-Soviet
An Anglo-Soviet Treaty of alliance is signed in London
Battle of Gazala
De Stefanis leads Ariete as the Axis offensive opens against the British Gazala defensive line.
Battle of Gazala
Azzi commands the Trieste Motorised Division as it enters the fighting around the Gazala line.
Departure for Aleutians
Kakuta sails from Ominato with the carrier force assigned to strike the Aleutians during the Midway operation.
Treaty of Anglo-Soviet
An Anglo-Soviet Treaty of alliance is signed in London
Operation Anthropoid
Is mortally wounded by Czechoslovak parachutists.
Assassination of Reinhard Tristan Eugen Heydrich
After the plans for the Final Solution are laid down at the Wannsee conference, Heydrich is attacked by members of the Czech underground resistance
1st Meeting With Eisenhower
1st meets Eisenhower, disagrees with him about how to defend the British coast
Battle of Bir Hakeim
Ariete under De Stefanis attacks positions around Bir Hakeim during the opening phase of the Gazala battle.
Departure for Midway
Nagumo's four-carrier striking force sails for Midway as the principal offensive element of Yamamoto's plan.
Midway Main Body Sortie
Yamamoto sorties with the Combined Fleet main body aboard Yamato in support of the Midway operation.
Norway Defence Planning Overseen
Jodl's staff oversees strategic planning for the defence of occupied Norway against possible Allied attack.
Medal
Awarded the Knights Cross after the siege of Kharkhov
Promotion to Major
Is promoted to major after assuming responsibilities normally associated with more senior intelligence officers.
Invasion of Burma
Withdraws to India with his Burmese Corps
Bombing of Bath
Visits Bath
Invasion of Egypt
Backs German invasion because he believes Cairo will be quickly captured
Invasion of Egypt
Malta retains independence & provides an Allied supply route
Invasion of Malta
Calls off an invasion of Malta in order to support the Germans in Egypt, a mistake
Battle of Midway
Ordered to make diversionary strikes against US Alaskan bases before the Midway strike
Kharkov Offensive Political Role
Serves with the Southwestern Front leadership during the failed Soviet offensive near Kharkov.
Manhattan Project
Oppenheimer is given the title "Coordinator of Rapid Rupture", specifically referring to the propagation of a fast neutron chain reaction in an atomic bomb
Manhattan Project
Groves appoints Oppenheimer to head the project's secret weapons laboratory
Manhattan Project
Groves appoints Oppenheimer to head the project's secret weapons laboratory
London Allied Coordination Mission
Conducts a mission to London to improve coordination between American and British military planning.
June 194299 historical events
Bombing of Dutch Harbor
Kakuta's carrier aircraft attack Dutch Harbor as the Aleutian diversion opens alongside the Midway operation.
Battle of Midway
Bombards Dutch Harbour in the Aleutians to divert the Japanese from the Midway Islands
Siege of Dutch Harbour
Bombards Dutch Harbour in the Aleutians to divert the Japanese from the Midway Islands
Assassination of Reinhard Tristan Eugen Heydrich
Dies after an attack by the Czech resistence, 3 Czech parachutists with British support in an open car
Death of Reinhard Tristan Eugen Heydrich
The Czech resistence assassinates Heydrich, "the Protector of Bohemia"
Battle of Midway
The Americans retreat & he gives up the battle. All the Japanese carriers are lost at Midway
Loss of Soryu
Yanagimoto commands Soryu when American dive bombers mortally damage the carrier during the Battle of Midway.
Loss of Akagi
Aoki commands Akagi when American dive bombers fatally damage the carrier during the Battle of Midway.
Loss of Hiryu
Kaku commands Hiryu when American dive bombers fatally damage the last operational Japanese carrier at Midway.
Battle of Midway
Orders a 2nd attack when the Japanes are caught with their decks crowded with planes. Launches the Midway invasion believing there are no US carriers in the central Pacific. By 5:00PM Japan had lost her entire carrier force
Invasion of Midway
Launches the Midway invasion believing there are no US carriers in the central Pacific
Air Strike on Midway
Tomonaga leads the Japanese carrier strike that bombs Midway Island shortly after dawn.
Counterattack from Hiryu
Yamaguchi directs Hiryu's surviving air group in two counterstrikes that badly damage USS Yorktown.
Battle of Midway
Provides the Japanese code which inform the Americans of the Japanese plans
Battle of Midway
Spruance & Fletcher sink 4 Japanese carriers with the loss of the Yorktown
Battle of Midway
Attacks Japanese carriers heading for Midway, lulls Nagumo into false sense of victory
Declaration of War
USA declares war on Bulgaria, Hungary and Romania
Declaration of War
USA declares war on Bulgaria, Hungary and Romania
Declaration of War
USA declares war on Bulgaria, Hungary and Romania
Cancellation of Midway Invasion
Yamamoto abandons the Midway invasion after the destruction of Nagumo's four fleet carriers.
Death of Tomeo Kaku
Kaku remains aboard Hiryu with Yamaguchi and dies after the carrier is abandoned.
Death of Tamon Yamaguchi
Yamaguchi remains aboard the crippled Hiryu and dies when the carrier is abandoned and scuttled.
Capture of Kiska
Occuppies the Island of Kiska in the Aleutian Islands
Battle of Midway
Turns away from Yamamoto & frustrates the his plan for trapping US forces
Capture of Attu
Occuppies the Island of Attu in the Aleutian Islands
Birth of Muammar Abu Minyar al-Gaddafi
Birth of Muammar Abu Minyar al-Gaddafi
Lidice Reprisal
German forces destroy Lidice after Heydrich's assassination.
Massacre
Ordered by Hitler after the assassination of Reinard Heydrich. Lidice is raized to the ground. 189 men are shot &184 women are sent to Ravensbruck
Great Britain and Soviet Russia Treaty
Speaks during Commons consideration of the Anglo-Soviet treaty of alliance.
Operation Harpoon
Da Zara sails from Palermo with the 7th Naval Division to intercept the British Harpoon convoy approaching Malta.
Attack on Harpoon Convoy
Da Zara manoeuvres through British smoke screens and attacks escorts and merchant ships during the Battle of Pantelleria.
Battle of Pantelleria
Da Zara's cruisers intercept the Harpoon convoy south of Pantelleria and open fire shortly after 05:30.
Operation Vigorous
The threat from Iachino's battle fleet contributes to the British decision to turn the Vigorous convoy back toward Alexandria.
Capture of Burluk
Captures Burluk
Battle of Tobruk
Captures Tobruk then plans to move onto the Suez Canal
Capture of Tobruk
Captures Tobruk then plans to move onto the Suez Canal
Siege of Tobruk
Captures Tobruk then plans to move onto the Suez Canal
Suez Canal
Captures Tobruk then plans to move onto the Suez Canal
Fighting France
Holds a rally in the Albert Hall in front of 10,000 French who sing the "Marseillaise"
Birth of Paul McCartney
Birth of Paul McCartney, born in Walton General Hospital in Liverpool, England, where his mother, Mary, had previously worked as a nursing sister in the maternity ward
Birth of Paul McCartney
Birth of Paul McCartney at Walton Hospital in Liverpool.
Conference of Washington
An allied pact becomes the United Nations
Conference of Washington
Molotov receives military assistance & economic aid. A second front is established & atomic research is intensified. An allied pact becomes the United Nations
Conference of Washington
Molotov gains military assistance & economic aid. A 2nd front is established & atomic research intensified
Conference of Washington
Molotov gains military assistance & economic aid. A 2nd front is established & atomic research intensified
Birth of Thabo Mbeki
Birth of Thabo Mbeki
Army Atomic District Organisation
Brigadier General Wilhelm Styer directs Colonel James C. Marshall to organise an Army Corps of Engineers district to consolidate atomic bomb development.
Capture of Tobruk
Captures Tobruk and drives toward Egypt, creating the greatest Axis threat to the Suez Canal.
Capture of Tobruk
Ariete under De Stefanis takes part in the final attack that captures Tobruk from the British garrison.
Capture of Tobruk
Trieste under Azzi participates in the Axis assault that results in the capture of Tobruk.
Capture of Tobruk
Bastico remains the senior Italian commander in Libya when Axis forces capture Tobruk after the Gazala campaign.
European Theatre of Operations
Eisenhower assumes command of the US Armys European Theatre of Operations (ETOUSA)
Agreement on Attack German forces in North Africa (Operation
Churchill and Roosevelt meet and agree to attack German forces in North Africa (Operation Torch) before launching invasion of Continental Europe, Torch serves to stall Bolero troop build-up in UK
Operation Torch
Churchill and Roosevelt meet and agree to attack German forces in North Africa (Operation Torch) before launching invasion of Continental Europe, Torch serves to stall Bolero troop build-up in UK
Agreement on Attack German forces in North Africa (Operation
Churchill and Roosevelt meet and agree to attack German forces in North Africa (Operation Torch) before launching invasion of Continental Europe, Torch serves to stall Bolero troop build-up in UK
Operation Torch
Churchill and Roosevelt meet and agree to attack German forces in North Africa (Operation Torch) before launching invasion of Continental Europe, Torch serves to stall Bolero troop build-up in UK
Invasion of Egypt
Arrives at Rommels HQ & reluctantly agrees to his continuation into Egypt
President of Argentina
Appointed Presidenr of Argentina
President of Argentina
Appointed President of Argentina after the resignation of Roberto Marcelino Ortiz
Battle of Mersa Matruh
Rommel captures Mersa Matruh
Capture of Mersa Matruh
Rommel captures Mersa Matruh
Siege of Mersa Matruh
Rommel captures Mersa Matruh
Battle of Kursk
Sweeps forward to the south of Kursk
Unternehmen Blau
The German Armed Forces (Wehrmacht) 1942 strategic summer offensive in southern Russia between 28 June and 24 November 1942.
Unternehmen Blau
The operation was a continuation of the previous years Operation Barbarossa, intended to knock the Soviet Union out of the war.
Unternehmen Blau
and involved a two-pronged attack against the oil fields of Baku as well as an advance in the direction of Stalingrad along the Volga River, to cover the flanks of the advance towards Baku.
Fourth Panzer Army
The German offensive commenced on 28 June 1942, with 4th Panzer Army starting its drive towards Voronezh. Due to a chaotic Soviet retreat, the Germans were able to advance rapidly, restoring Wehrmacht confidence for the upcoming major offensive
Invasion of Russia
Case Blue is a continuation of the previous years Operation Barbarossa, intended to knock the Soviet Union out of the war, and involved a two-pronged attack against the oil fields of Baku as well as an advance in the direction of Stalingrad along the Volga
Invasion of Russia
River, to cover the flanks of the advance towards Baku
Invasion of Russia
The German Armed Forces (Wehrmacht) 1942 strategic summer offensive in southern Russia between 28 June and 24 November 1942.
Invasion of Russia
The German offensive commenced on 28 June 1942, with 4th Panzer Army starting its drive towards Voronezh. Due to a chaotic Soviet retreat, the Germans were able to advance rapidly, restoring Wehrmacht confidence for the upcoming major offensive.
Operation Case Blue
Case Blue is a continuation of the previous years Operation Barbarossa, intended to knock the Soviet Union out of the war, and involved a two-pronged attack against the oil fields of Baku as well as an advance in the direction of Stalingrad along the Volga
Operation Case Blue
River, to cover the flanks of the advance towards Baku
Operation Case Blue
The German Armed Forces (Wehrmacht) 1942 strategic summer offensive in southern Russia between 28 June and 24 November 1942.
Operation Case Blue
The German offensive commenced on 28 June 1942, with 4th Panzer Army starting its drive towards Voronezh. Due to a chaotic Soviet retreat, the Germans were able to advance rapidly, restoring Wehrmacht confidence for the upcoming major offensive.
Command of Ariete
Arena becomes acting commander of Ariete after De Stefanis moves to corps command.
Capture of Bessarabia
Succesfully demands Romania hand over Bessarabia to Russia, Germany does not object
Defence of Alexandria
Faces the threat of an Axis advance toward Alexandria as Rommel reaches El Alamein.
Siege of Donetz
Crosses the Donetz toward the oil centres of the Caucus
Advance to El Alamein
Rommel reaches El Alamein, the Axis army's most advanced position in Egypt.
Field Marshal
Appointed Field Marshal after the Capture of Tobruk
France Coastal Defence Planning Monitored
Jodl monitors OKW planning for the defence of occupied France against an expected Allied return.
Battle of Bir-Hakeim
Captures Bir-Hakeim
Capture of Bardia
The Allies capture Bardia
Capture of Benghazi
Captures Benghazi
Capture of Bir-Hakeim
Captures Bir-Hakeim
Capture of Gazala
Captures Gazala by destroying 250-300 British tanks
Crusade
The Allies capture Bardia
Field Marshal
Appointed Field Marshal after the Capture of Tobruk
Operation Blue
Launched by Hitler to advance on Stalingrad & cut off Timoshenkos troops
Battle of Bardia
Rommel recaptures Bardia for the 2nd time
H2S Radar
Dies during airborne radar testing after major electronics work.
Battle of Bir Hakeim
Trieste under Azzi operates around Bir Hakeim and the Axis supply corridor during the Gazala fighting.
Command of XX Corps
De Stefanis leaves divisional command and takes over XX Corps during the Axis advance into Egypt.
Advance into Egypt
Mussolini supports exploiting the capture of Tobruk by continuing the Axis advance eastward into Egypt.
Advance into Egypt
Cavallero accepts the decision to continue the Axis pursuit into Egypt despite his earlier preference for an assault on Malta.
Malta Invasion Deferred
After the fall of Tobruk, Cavallero's preferred plan to seize Malta is displaced by the decision to continue the advance into Egypt.
Commander of US forces in Europe
Appoints Eisenhower as the Commander of the US forces in Europe
Commander of US forces in Europe
Appoints Eisenhower as the Commander of the US forces in Europe
July 1942145 historical events
Battle of Alamein, 1st
Rules Egypt while the First Battle of El Alamein halts the Axis advance west of Alexandria.
Battle of Alamein, 1st
Attacks at El Alamein after reaching Egypt, but is stopped before he can advance toward the Suez Canal.
Battle of Alamein, 1st
Auchinleck halts Rommel's advance at the First Battle of El Alamein, gaining time for the defence of Egypt.
Poll-War
Opinion polls show half the population is dissatisfied with the conduct of the war
Vote of Confidence
Opinion polls show half the population is dissatisfied with the conduct of the war. Churchill wins a resounding victory of 476 votes to 25 on the conduct of the War
Battle of Alamein, 1st
Holds the Axis advance at El Alamein, preventing Rommel from breaking through toward Alexandria and the Suez Canal.
Battle of Alamein, 1st
The Axis advance into Egypt is stopped at El Alamein before it can reach Alexandria or Suez.
Promotion to Marshal of Italy
Cavallero is promoted to Marshal of Italy while serving as Chief of the Supreme General Staff.
Battle of Sevastopol
Manstein captures Sevastopol
Invasion of Crimea
Manstein captures Sevastopol
Siege of Sevastopol
Manstein captures Sevastopol
Capture of Sevastopol
Meets von Bock after the capture of Sevastopol & the success at Kharkohov
First Battle of El Alamein
Ariete reaches El Alamein with depleted strength and attacks British positions under Arena's acting command.
Battle of Alamein, 1st
Auchinleck breaks up attacks by exhausted German armour on Ruweisat Ridge during the First Battle of El Alamein.
Siege of Voronezh
Reaches Voronezh
Fourth Panzer Army
Forward elements of 4th Panzer Army had reached the Don River near Voronezh and became embroiled in the battle to capture the city
Invasion of Russia
Forward elements of 4th Panzer Army had reached the Don River near Voronezh and became embroiled in the battle to capture the city
Operation Case Blue
Forward elements of 4th Panzer Army had reached the Don River near Voronezh and became embroiled in the battle to capture the city
Siege of Voronezh
Forward elements of 4th Panzer Army had reached the Don River near Voronezh and became embroiled in the battle to capture the city
Siege of Voronezh
Hoth reaches Voronezh, Vatutin is ordered to create a new Voronezh Front. Creates a new front & forces Bock to divert both Paulus & Hoth to deal with it
Ariete Withdrawn
After heavy fighting at El Alamein, the weakened Ariete Division is temporarily withdrawn from the front.
Promotion to Lieutenant General
Promoted to temporary Lieutenant General while commanding American forces in the European theatre.
Siege of Dieppe
The raid on Dieppe is postponed because of bad weather
Siege of Dieppe
Troops cannot embark for the raid on Dieppe because of bad weather, it is postponed
Command of Littorio
Becuzzi assumes temporary command of the Littorio Armoured Division during the summer fighting in Egypt.
Army Group South
As part of the second phase of the operation, on 9 July, Army Group South was split into Army Group A and B with Wilhelm List appointed as commander of Army Group A in place of von Bock
Invasion of Russia
As part of the second phase of the operation, on 9 July, Army Group South was split into Army Group A and B with Wilhelm List appointed as commander of Army Group A in place of von Bock
Operation Case Blue
As part of the second phase of the operation, on 9 July, Army Group South was split into Army Group A and B with Wilhelm List appointed as commander of Army Group A in place of von Bock
Formation of ARMIR
The Italian 8th Army, known as ARMIR, is activated under Gariboldi for expanded operations on the Eastern Front.
Prime Minister of Turkey
Appointed Prime Minister of Turkey
Citadel
Defends the Second Army at the River Orel against Russian counter-attack
Second Army
Defends the Second Army at the River Orel against Russian counter-attack
Citadel
In 2 days destroys 100 Russian tanks & holds an important sector near the Ssush River
Peoples Court
The Court handed down an enormous number of death sentences under Judge-President Roland Freisler
Army Group South
Hitler and von Bock, commander of Army Group South, argued over the next steps in the operation. The heated debate, and continuing Soviet counterattacks, which tied down 4th Panzer Army until 13 July, caused Hitler to lose his temper and dismiss von Bock
Fourth Panzer Army
Hitler and von Bock, commander of Army Group South, argued over the next steps in the operation. The heated debate, and continuing Soviet counterattacks, which tied down 4th Panzer Army until 13 July, caused Hitler to lose his temper and dismiss von Bock
Invasion of Russia
Hitler and von Bock, commander of Army Group South, argued over the next steps in the operation. The heated debate, and continuing Soviet counterattacks, which tied down 4th Panzer Army until 13 July, caused Hitler to lose his temper and dismiss von Bock
Operation Case Blue
Hitler and von Bock, commander of Army Group South, argued over the next steps in the operation. The heated debate, and continuing Soviet counterattacks, which tied down 4th Panzer Army until 13 July, caused Hitler to lose his temper and dismiss von Bock
Fighting France
Announces on Bastille Day that his movement will be known as "Fighting France"
Return to El Alamein Line
Ariete returns to the El Alamein front after receiving limited replacement tanks and equipment.
Transfer to Russia
Ricagno begins the transfer of the Julia Alpine Division from Italy to the Eastern Front.
Advance to Stalino
Nebbia's Ravenna Division reaches the Stalino area while moving toward the Don with the expanded Italian 8th Army.
Chile Films
Creates Chile Films by decree to develop a national film industry.
Invasion of Russia
Hitler moves his HQ to Vinnitsa in the Ukraine
Wounded in Action
Lombardi is seriously wounded while commanding the Brescia Division during the First Battle of El Alamein.
Commander of Sixty Second Army
Appointed Commander of the Sixty Second Army
Siege of River Don
Give the task of defending the River Don
Commander of Sixty Second Army
Appointed Commander of the Sixty Second Army to hold the Germans west of the River Don
Transfer Orders for Russia
Battisti's Cuneense Division receives orders for movement to the Eastern Front as part of the Alpine Corps.
Citadel
The Soviet High Command, Stavka, try to break Rendulics defenses with 400 tanks. The Russians are driven back, 300 Russian tanks destroyed
STAVKA
The Soviet High Command, Stavka, try to break Rendulics defenses with 400 tanks
Transfer to Russia
Reverberi departs Italy with the Tridentina Alpine Division for service with the Italian army on the Eastern Front.
Citadel
The Russians launch a 3rd attack against Rendulic but are drive back
Citadel
The Russian fail to take Orel
Operation Gymnast
The British propose "Operation Gymnast," the invasion of French North Africa
Operation Sledgehammer
The Americans wish to launch Operation Sledgehammer in France directly against Germany. Sledgehammer is dropped in favour of Operation Torch, preferred by the British. General Marshall, Admiral King & Harry Hopkins discuss "Sledgehammer" at Chequers. Churchill refuses to co-operate & inisists on an invasion of North Africa instead
Battle of Stalingrad
Orders the Stalingrad Defence Committee to prepare the city for war immediately
Stalingrad Defence Committee
Orders the Stalingrad Defence Committee to prepare the city for war immediately
Battle of Stalingrad
Bock has been dismissed & Paulus placed in charge of capturing Stalingrad
Invasion of Russia
The Germans began to suffer logistics difficulties, which slowed down the tempo of the advance. The German 6th Army was continually delayed by fuel shortages. Eight days later, on 20 July, shortages of fuel were still undermining operations, leaving many units unable to execute their orders
Operation Adler
Anti-partisan operation centreed on the Chechivichi region of Belarus begun
Operation Case Blue
The Germans began to suffer logistics difficulties, which slowed down the tempo of the advance. The German 6th Army was continually delayed by fuel shortages. Eight days later, on 20 July, shortages of fuel were still undermining operations, leaving many units unable to execute their orders
Siege of Don
Hoth is ordered to move to the Don, the target is the oil wells rather than Stalingrad
Sixth Army
The Germans began to suffer logistics difficulties, which slowed down the tempo of the advance. The German 6th Army was continually delayed by fuel shortages. Eight days later, on 20 July, shortages of fuel were still undermining operations, leaving many units unable to execute their orders
Landing at Buna
Horii's South Seas Detachment lands near Buna to begin the Japanese overland advance toward Port Moresby.
Dismissal
Stalin dismisses Timoshenko
Dismissal
Stalin dismisses Timoshenko
Capture of Rostov
With air support from the Ju 87s of Sturzkampfgeschwader 77, Lists Army Group A recaptured Rostov, the "gate to the Caucasus"
Invasion of Caucasus
Extends Operation Blue for the 6th Army to occupy Stalingrad & invade the Caucasus
Invasion of Russia
With air support from the Ju 87s of Sturzkampfgeschwader 77, Lists Army Group A recaptured Rostov, the "gate to the Caucasus"
Operation Case Blue
With air support from the Ju 87s of Sturzkampfgeschwader 77, Lists Army Group A recaptured Rostov, the "gate to the Caucasus"
Siege of Stalingrad
Extends Operation Blue for the 6th Army to occupy Stalingrad & invade the Caucasus
Sixth Army
Extends Operation Blue for the 6th Army to occupy Stalingrad & invade the Caucasus
Agreement on the postponement of a 2nd front until
Stalin informs Churchill he cannot agree to the postponement of a 2nd front until 1943
Agreement on the postponement of a 2nd front until
Stalin informs Churchill he cannot agree to the postponement of a 2nd front until 1943
Capture of Rostov
The Germans capture Rostov
Capture of Novocherkasak
Captures Novocherkasak
Capture of Rostov
The Germans capture Rostov
Advance to Voroshilovgrad
Ravenna under Nebbia reaches Voroshilovgrad and continues toward the Don front.
Siege of River Don
The Germans attack the 64th Army on the River Don
Siege of River Don
The Germans attack the 64th Army on the River Don
Command of Ariete
Infante assumes command of Ariete during the defensive phase around El Alamein.
Siege of River Don
The 33rd Guards lose 1,000 men & are forced to retreat
Battle of Alamein, 1st
The First Battle of El Alamein ends with the Axis advance checked and the Allied line intact.
Departure for Russia
Battisti leaves Cuneo with the divisional command as the Cuneense moves east by rail in a large series of troop trains.
Irradiated Uranium Shipment
The first shipment of irradiated uranium, about 300 pounds, arrives at the Metallurgical Laboratory for plutonium research.
Constitution of Germany
The style of the Head of State was changed to Fuhrer des Groadeutschen Reiches (Leader of the Greater German Reich)
Command of Trieste
La Ferla takes command of the Trieste Motorised Division in Egypt.
Report on Slovenia
Roatta briefs Mussolini and senior commanders on the security and insurgency situation in Slovenia and neighbouring occupied areas.
Gorizia Military Conference
Mussolini convenes senior Italian commanders at Gorizia to review the military situation in occupied Yugoslav territory.
Gorizia Military Conference
Cavallero attends Mussolini's Gorizia conference with commanders responsible for operations in Slovenia and adjacent occupied territory.
Field Marshal
Appointed Field Marshal
North Africa Strategic Situation Reviewed
Jodl advises Hitler on the strategic consequences of the changing Axis position in North Africa.
Battle of Stalingrad
Reaches Kotelnikovo 125 miles south west of Stalingrad
Battle of Kursk
Commands the 4th Panzer Army at the Battle of Kursk
Battle of Stalingrad
Helps capture Kalach near Stalingrad
Battle of Stalingrad
Placed in full charge of capturing Stalingrad after the dismissal of Bock
Dismissal
Bock is dismissed by the OKW
Operation Blue
Opposes Hitler's plans to split Operation Blue into 2 parts
Field Marshal
Appointed Field Marshal
Army Group South
The splitting of Army Group South enabled the launching of Operation Edelweiss and Operation Fischreiher, the two main thrusts of the Army Groups. Both groups had to achieve their objectives simultaneously.
Army Group South
The success of the initial advance was such that Hitler ordered the 4th Panzer Army south to assist the First Panzer Army to cross the lower Don river.
Army Group South
This assistance was not needed and Kleist later complained that 4th Panzer Army clogged the roads and that if they had carried on toward Stalingrad, they could have taken it in July.
Army Group South
When it turned north again two weeks later, the Soviets had gathered enough forces together at Stalingrad to check its advance
Battle of Stalingrad
The splitting of Army Group South enabled the launching of Operation Edelweiss and Operation Fischreiher, the two main thrusts of the Army Groups. Both groups had to achieve their objectives simultaneously.
Battle of Stalingrad
The success of the initial advance was such that Hitler ordered the 4th Panzer Army south to assist the First Panzer Army to cross the lower Don river.
Battle of Stalingrad
This assistance was not needed and Kleist later complained that 4th Panzer Army clogged the roads and that if they had carried on toward Stalingrad, they could have taken it in July.
Battle of Stalingrad
When it turned north again two weeks later, the Soviets had gathered enough forces together at Stalingrad to check its advance
Capture of Sebastopol
German forces capture Sebestopol
Dismissal
Dismisses Bock because of his dissaproval of the reorganisation of Army Group Centre
First Panzer Army
The splitting of Army Group South enabled the launching of Operation Edelweiss and Operation Fischreiher, the two main thrusts of the Army Groups. Both groups had to achieve their objectives simultaneously.
First Panzer Army
The success of the initial advance was such that Hitler ordered the 4th Panzer Army south to assist the First Panzer Army to cross the lower Don river.
First Panzer Army
This assistance was not needed and Kleist later complained that 4th Panzer Army clogged the roads and that if they had carried on toward Stalingrad, they could have taken it in July.
First Panzer Army
When it turned north again two weeks later, the Soviets had gathered enough forces together at Stalingrad to check its advance
Fourth Panzer Army
The splitting of Army Group South enabled the launching of Operation Edelweiss and Operation Fischreiher, the two main thrusts of the Army Groups. Both groups had to achieve their objectives simultaneously.
Fourth Panzer Army
The success of the initial advance was such that Hitler ordered the 4th Panzer Army south to assist the First Panzer Army to cross the lower Don river.
Fourth Panzer Army
This assistance was not needed and Kleist later complained that 4th Panzer Army clogged the roads and that if they had carried on toward Stalingrad, they could have taken it in July.
Fourth Panzer Army
When it turned north again two weeks later, the Soviets had gathered enough forces together at Stalingrad to check its advance
Invasion of France
Plans are completed for the German occupation of France
Mobilization
Splits Army Group South into 2, Army Group A to go into the Caucasus & Army Group B
Operation Blue
Diverts some of the forces from Operation Blue so that the Caucasus can be captured
Operation Edelweis
The splitting of Army Group South enabled the launching of Operation Edelweiss and Operation Fischreiher, the two main thrusts of the Army Groups. Both groups had to achieve their objectives simultaneously.
Operation Edelweis
The success of the initial advance was such that Hitler ordered the 4th Panzer Army south to assist the First Panzer Army to cross the lower Don river.
Operation Edelweis
This assistance was not needed and Kleist later complained that 4th Panzer Army clogged the roads and that if they had carried on toward Stalingrad, they could have taken it in July.
Operation Edelweis
When it turned north again two weeks later, the Soviets had gathered enough forces together at Stalingrad to check its advance
Operation Fischreiher
The splitting of Army Group South enabled the launching of Operation Edelweiss and Operation Fischreiher, the two main thrusts of the Army Groups. Both groups had to achieve their objectives simultaneously.
Operation Fischreiher
The success of the initial advance was such that Hitler ordered the 4th Panzer Army south to assist the First Panzer Army to cross the lower Don river.
Operation Fischreiher
This assistance was not needed and Kleist later complained that 4th Panzer Army clogged the roads and that if they had carried on toward Stalingrad, they could have taken it in July.
Operation Fischreiher
When it turned north again two weeks later, the Soviets had gathered enough forces together at Stalingrad to check its advance
Rule of France
Plans are completed for the German occupation of France
Siege of Sevastopol
German forces capture the Russian garrison at Sebastopol
Siege of Stalingrad
The splitting of Army Group South enabled the launching of Operation Edelweiss and Operation Fischreiher, the two main thrusts of the Army Groups. Both groups had to achieve their objectives simultaneously.
Siege of Stalingrad
The success of the initial advance was such that Hitler ordered the 4th Panzer Army south to assist the First Panzer Army to cross the lower Don river.
Siege of Stalingrad
This assistance was not needed and Kleist later complained that 4th Panzer Army clogged the roads and that if they had carried on toward Stalingrad, they could have taken it in July.
Siege of Stalingrad
When it turned north again two weeks later, the Soviets had gathered enough forces together at Stalingrad to check its advance
Field Marshal
Appointed Commander of the Eighth Army after the fall of Tobruk
Lieutenant
Appointed Lieutenant
Field Marshal
Appointed Commander of the Eighth Army after the fall of Tobruk
Lieutenant
Appointed Lieutenant
Manhattan Project
Robert Oppenheimer convenes a summer conference at the University of California, Berkeley to discuss the design of a fission bomb, Edward Teller brings up the possibility of a hydrogen bomb as a major point of discussion
Manhattan Project
Robert Oppenheimer convenes a summer conference at the University of California, Berkeley to discuss the design of a fission bomb, Edward Teller brings up the possibility of a hydrogen bomb as a major point of discussion
Arrival on Eastern Front
Nasci brings the reconstituted Alpine Corps to the Eastern Front, where its divisions assemble in the Izyum region.
Battle of Stalingrad
Moved up to the north-west Front
Manhattan Project
Robert Oppenheimer convenes a summer conference at the University of California, Berkeley to discuss the design of a fission bomb, Edward Teller brings up the possibility of a hydrogen bomb as a major point of discussion
Manhattan Project
Robert Oppenheimer convenes a summer conference at the University of California, Berkeley to discuss the design of a fission bomb, Edward Teller brings up the possibility of a hydrogen bomb as a major point of discussion
August 1942129 historical events
Battle of Stalingrad
Helps capture Kalach near Stalingrad
Battle of Stalingrad
Arrives in Stalingrad to assume command
Meeting
Churchill visits Auchinleck at the Eighth Army HQ in the Egyptian desert. Agrees to appoint a new Commander for the Eighth Army. Advised he cannot be C-in-C Middle East & Command the Eighth Army
Meeting
Auchinleck agrees Brookes proposal to make Montgomery Comander of the Eighth Army
Meeting
Churchill visits Auchinleck at the Eighth Army HQ in the Egyptian desert
Mobilization
Advises the War Cabinet to split-off Persia & Irak from the Middle East Command. Advises the War Cabinet to replace Auchinleck by Alexander. Advises the War Cabinet to appoint Gott as the Commander of the Eighth Army
Commander of Eighth Army
Appointed Commander of the Eighth Army
Lieutenant General
Appointed Lieutenant General
Death of Edward William Gott
Death of Edward William Gott, plane shot down. Aircraft shot down the day after Churchill advises appointing him Eighth Army Commander
Commander of Eighth Army
Appointed Commander of the Eighth Army
Lieutenant General
Appointed Lieutenant General
Response to Guadalcanal Landings
Mikawa assembles a cruiser force at Rabaul to attack Allied ships supporting the Guadalcanal landings.
Dismissal
Advised that he is being relieved of his command of the Eighth Army
Siege of Maikop
Reaches Maikop, Grozny, Batumi & Baku all appear to be within grasp
Battle of Savo Island
Mikawa's cruiser force surprises the Allied screening force and wins a major night victory off Savo Island.
Commander of Stalingrad Front
Appointed Commander of the Stalingrad front by Stalin
General
Yeremenko is appointed to command the entire Stalingrad front by Stalin
Commander of Stalingrad Front
Yeremenko is appointed to command the entire Stalingrad front by Stalin
Siege of Stalingrad
Appointed Commander of the Stalingrad front by Stalin
General
Yeremenko is appointed to command the entire Stalingrad front by Stalin
Mobilization
Leaves Britain to take command of the Eighth Army
Loss of Submarine Scirè
Zelik and the entire crew of Scirè are killed when the submarine is sunk off Haifa during a special-operations mission.
Frequency-Hopping Patent
Receives a patent with George Antheil for frequency-hopping communication.
Secure Radio Communication
Proposes synchronized signal changes to resist radio jamming and interception.
Leningrad Symphony
The "Leningrad Symphony" is premiered by a half-starved orchestra
Capture of Krasnodar
Krasnodar was captured and German mountain troops hoisted the Nazi flag on the highest mountain of the Caucasus, Mount Elbrus
Commander of Eighth Army
Arrives at Cairo to take command of the Eighth Army
Commander of Eighth Army
Arrives at Cairo to take command of the Eighth Army
Promotion to Marshal of Italy
Bastico is promoted to Marshal of Italy while serving as the senior Italian commander in Libya.
Charter
Declares the Allied war aims of world peace, freedom & self-determination
Middle East Command
Takes over Middle East Command and works with Montgomery to rebuild the Eighth Army before the El Alamein battles.
Suez Canal
Takes command of the Eighth Army and prepares the defence of Egypt against any renewed Axis push toward Suez.
Commander of Eighth Army
Takes over active command of the Eighth Army
Visit to Moscow
Churchill visits Moscow to discuss second front issues with Stalin, Soviets suspicious over Allied strategy in Mediterranean, demand action in NW Europe
Commander of Eighth Army
Takes over active command of the Eighth Army
Visit to Moscow
Churchill visits Moscow to discuss second front issues with Stalin, Soviets suspicious over Allied strategy in Mediterranean, demand action in NW Europe
Landing on Guadalcanal
Ichiki lands the first echelon of his detachment east of the American perimeter on Guadalcanal.
Dieppe Raid Defence Lessons Reviewed
Jodl's staff reviews the Dieppe raid as evidence of future Allied amphibious threats to Western Europe.
Siege of Dieppe
New weapons & methods of amphibious assault are tested which are used during D-Day. Much is learnt for Normandy landings in 1944. Ends in disaster with over 3,000 killed & 2,000 captured out of 6,000
Alpine Corps Assigned to ARMIR
Gariboldi retains the Alpine Corps under 8th Army control rather than allowing its divisions to be detached toward the Caucasus.
First Defensive Battle of the Don
Ravenna under Nebbia enters heavy fighting during the first major Soviet attacks against the Italian positions on the Don.
Birth of Isaac Lee Hayes
Birth of Isaac Lee Hayes, Jr
Pure Plutonium Isolation
Seaborg isolates pure plutonium using a separation method suitable for development on an industrial scale.
Battle of Stalingrad
The Swastika is raised over Mount Elbrus
Invasion of Russia
The Swastika is raised over Mount Elbrus
Battle of the Tenaru
Ichiki attacks the American perimeter near the Tenaru and is killed as his detachment is destroyed.
Collaboration
Laval proclaims on that he," hoped for German victory because without it tomorrow Bolshevism will be everywhere". Laval goes on the radio to announce la Releve , under which the Germans agree to free one French prisoner for every three French workers who volunteer for work in Germany
Battle of Stalingrad
Leads the 16th Panzer Division across the River Don
Battle of Stalingrad
The 6th Army reach the Volga north of Stalingrad
Sixth Army
The 6th Army reach the Volga north of Stalingrad
Bombing of Stalingrad
Carpet bombs Stalingrad with 1,600 sorties & 1,000 tons of bombs
Battle of Stalingrad
The 6th Army crossed the Don and Army Group B established a defensive line on one of its bends.The 6th Army reached the northern suburbs of Stalingrad later that day, beginning the Battle of Stalingrad
Invasion of Russia
The 6th Army crossed the Don and Army Group B established a defensive line on one of its bends.The 6th Army reached the northern suburbs of Stalingrad later that day, beginning the Battle of Stalingrad
Operation Case Blue
The 6th Army crossed the Don and Army Group B established a defensive line on one of its bends.The 6th Army reached the northern suburbs of Stalingrad later that day, beginning the Battle of Stalingrad
Sixth Army
The 6th Army crossed the Don and Army Group B established a defensive line on one of its bends.The 6th Army reached the northern suburbs of Stalingrad later that day, beginning the Battle of Stalingrad
Battle of Solomons
Leads his ships as the vanguard group at the carrier battles of the eastern Solomons
Battle of Stalingrad
After the Luftwaffe attack Stalingrad & kill 40,000 Pauluss 6th Army attack
Luftwaffe
After the Luftwaffe attack Stalingrad & kill 40,000 Pauluss 6th Army attack
Sixth Army
After the Luftwaffe attack Stalingrad & kill 40,000 Pauluss 6th Army attack
Kokoda Track Offensive
Horii directs the Japanese advance over the Owen Stanley Range toward Port Moresby.
Operation Blue
Orders the capture of the Grozny oilfields in the Caucus
Atomic Project Status Report
Conant's status report, relayed through Vannevar Bush to the Secretary of War, reports encouraging results from Oppenheimer's bomb-design group.
Battle of Alam Halfa
Wounded in battle & returned to Germany for treatment
Battle of Alam Halfa
Attacks the Alam Halfa line in a final attempt to break through toward the Nile Delta and the Suez Canal.
Battle of Alam Halfa
Rommel attacks south of El Alamein at Alam Halfa, attempting to renew the Axis advance toward Suez.
Battle of Alam Halfa
Rommel fails to break through the British line south of El Alamein during the Battle of Alam Halfa.
Battle of Alam Halfa
Rommel's renewed attack near Alam Halfa is contained by the British defence.
Battle of Alam Halfa
Serves on Rommel's staff during the failed Axis attack at Alam Halfa.
Battle of Alam Halfa
Auchinleck foresees Axis intentions and his defensive preparations help frustrate Rommel at Alam Halfa.
Battle of Alam Halfa
Commands XIII Corps on the southern flank during the Battle of Alam Halfa.
Armoured Reserve Held for Alam Halfa
Keeps British armour concentrated rather than allowing it to be drawn into Rommel's preferred mobile battle.
Battle of Alam Halfa
Defeats Rommel's attack at Alam Halfa, protecting the approaches to Cairo and the Suez Canal.
Battle of Alam Halfa
Commands Italian X Corps during the Axis attack at Alam Halfa.
Battle of Alam Halfa
Commands Italian mobile forces committed to Rommel's Alam Halfa attack.
Battle of Alam Halfa
Rommel attacks the Alam Halfa Ridge
Chief of Staff
Appointed Chief of Staff of the OB West
Chief of Staff
Appointed Chief of Staff of the OB West
Atlantic Wall
Hitler orders Keitel to build defences in north west France with "fanatical energy"
Battle of Stalingrad
Attacks Stalingrad from the south West
Bombing of Stalingrad
Diverted to the Stalingrad Front with 1,200 planes
Transfer to Leningrad Front
After the Crimean campaign, Manstein and elements of Eleventh Army were redeployed toward the Leningrad front. The intended offensive against the city was overtaken by Soviet attacks and fighting south of Lake Ladoga.
Army Group South
Believing that the main Soviet threat had been eliminated, short of oil and needing to meet all the of Case Blue, Hitler makes changes to the Fuhrer Directive No. 45: reorganized Army Group South into two.
Army Group South
smaller Army Groups, A and B; directed Army Group A to advance to the Caucasus and capture the oil fields (Operation Edelweis); directed Army Group B to attack towards the Volga and Stalingrad (Operation Fischreiher).
Atlantic Wall
Should proceed with "fanatic energy". Advocates construction of a concrete coastal wall in north west France
Fuhrer Directive No. 45
45: reorganized Army Group South into two smaller Army Groups, A and B; directed Army Group A to advance to the Caucasus and capture the oil fields (Operation Edelweis); directed Army Group B to attack towards the Volga and Stalingrad (Operation Fischreiher)
Fuhrer Directive No. 45
Believing that the main Soviet threat had been eliminated, short of oil and needing to meet all the of Case Blue, Hitler makes changes to the Fuhrer Directive No.
Fuhrer Directive No. 45
Logistics lines were already at breaking point with ammunition and fuel shortages most apparent and it would be impossible to advance using the conservative supply rates he demanded.
Fuhrer Directive No. 45
The new directive created enormous logistical difficulties, with Hitler expecting both Army Groups to advance along different routes.
Fuhrer Directive No. 45
There is no evidence Hitler was opposed by, or received complaints from Franz Halder, the Chief of the General Staff, or anyone else, about the directive until August 1942.
Invasion of Russia
45: reorganized Army Group South into two smaller Army Groups, A and B; directed Army Group A to advance to the Caucasus and capture the oil fields (Operation Edelweis); directed Army Group B to attack towards the Volga and Stalingrad (Operation Fischreiher)
Invasion of Russia
Believing that the main Soviet threat had been eliminated, short of oil and needing to meet all the of Case Blue, Hitler makes changes to the Fuhrer Directive No.
Invasion of Russia
Logistics lines were already at breaking point with ammunition and fuel shortages most apparent and it would be impossible to advance using the conservative supply rates he demanded.
Invasion of Russia
The new directive created enormous logistical difficulties, with Hitler expecting both Army Groups to advance along different routes.
Invasion of Russia
There is no evidence Hitler was opposed by, or received complaints from Franz Halder, the Chief of the General Staff, or anyone else, about the directive until August 1942.
Invasion of Russia
The Germans reach Ordzhonikidze, the most easterly part of the invasion
Operation Case Blue
45: reorganized Army Group South into two smaller Army Groups, A and B; directed Army Group A to advance to the Caucasus and capture the oil fields (Operation Edelweis); directed Army Group B to attack towards the Volga and Stalingrad (Operation Fischreiher)
Operation Case Blue
Believing that the main Soviet threat had been eliminated, short of oil and needing to meet all the of Case Blue, Hitler makes changes to the Fuhrer Directive No.
Operation Case Blue
Logistics lines were already at breaking point with ammunition and fuel shortages most apparent and it would be impossible to advance using the conservative supply rates he demanded.
Operation Case Blue
The new directive created enormous logistical difficulties, with Hitler expecting both Army Groups to advance along different routes.
Operation Case Blue
There is no evidence Hitler was opposed by, or received complaints from Franz Halder, the Chief of the General Staff, or anyone else, about the directive until August 1942.
Operation Edelweis
Believing that the main Soviet threat had been eliminated, short of oil and needing to meet all the of Case Blue, Hitler makes changes to the Fuhrer Directive No. 45: reorganized Army Group South into two.
Operation Edelweis
smaller Army Groups, A and B; directed Army Group A to advance to the Caucasus and capture the oil fields (Operation Edelweis); directed Army Group B to attack towards the Volga and Stalingrad (Operation Fischreiher).
Operation Fischreiher
Believing that the main Soviet threat had been eliminated, short of oil and needing to meet all the of Case Blue, Hitler makes changes to the Fuhrer Directive No. 45: reorganized Army Group South into two.
Operation Fischreiher
smaller Army Groups, A and B; directed Army Group A to advance to the Caucasus and capture the oil fields (Operation Edelweis); directed Army Group B to attack towards the Volga and Stalingrad (Operation Fischreiher).
Siege of Dieppe
The raid is defeated but Hitler concludes north west France needs more defences. The Canadians conduct a raid on Dieppe
Promotion to Lieutenant Colonel
Is promoted to lieutenant colonel during his service in Middle East military intelligence.
Eighth Army Command Change
Visits the Eighth Army in north Africa. Auchenlick is dismissed & replaced by Montgomery
Meeting with Stalin at the Kremlin
Churchill meets Stalin at the Kremlin
Suez Canal
Assumes Middle East command and oversees the defence of Egypt and the Suez Canal before the El Alamein offensive.
Alam Halfa Defensive Ground Selected
Strengthens the Alam Halfa position and prepares a defence designed to absorb Rommel's armoured attack.
Eighth Army Morale Restoration Begins
Begins rebuilding Eighth Army morale and confidence immediately after arriving in Egypt.
Retreat Plans Cancelled at Alamein
Rejects preparations for further retreat and orders Eighth Army to hold the Alamein position.
Atlantic Patrol
Fecia di Cossato continues long-range Betasom operations in the Atlantic, extending Tazzoli's record against Allied merchant shipping.
Deployment on the Don
Gariboldi deploys the divisions of the 8th Army along a broad defensive sector of the Don.
First Defensive Battle of the Don
Gariboldi directs the 8th Army through the first sustained Soviet offensive against its Don positions.
Alpine Corps Diverted to Don
Nasci's Alpine Corps is redirected from projected Caucasus operations toward the Don sector and Italian 8th Army.
Arrival in Russia
Battisti brings the Cuneense into the Eastern Front deployment of the Alpine Corps.
Arrival in Russia
Ricagno's Julia Division completes its movement to the Eastern Front and joins the Alpine Corps.
Defence of the Don
Pellegrini's Sforzesca Division holds a sector of the Don during the first defensive battles faced by ARMIR.
Reinforcement of Don Front
Reverberi's Tridentina is moved to help close a dangerous gap that develops in the Italian line during Soviet attacks.
Commander in Chief
Appointed Commander in Chief, NKVD
Commander of South East Front
Appointedmand the front from Stalingrad to Kalmyk in the south west
Commander of South East Front
Appointedmand the front from Stalingrad to Kalmyk in the south west
Battle of Stalingrad
The Russians outflank & encircle the German 6th, 9th & 4th Panzer Armies
Battle of Stalingrad
Gathers 190,000 men, 350 tanks, 340 planes & 8,000 guns on the Staingrad front
Bombing of Stalingrad
Refuses the Stalingrad to be evacuated in order to make the Russians defend it
Meeting with Stalin at the Kremlin
Churchill meets Stalin at the Kremlin
Visit to Moscow
Stalin has the impression that Churchill promises to invade France in 1943. Churchill visits Stalin & says there can be no invasion of Europe in 1942. Churchill visits Stalin & promises that south east Europe will be attacked in 1943
Operation Sledgehammer
The Dieppe raid is defeated, concerns about Operation Sledgehammer are confirmed
September 194253 historical events
Commander of XXX Corps
Appointed Commander of XXX Corps in the Eighth Army by Montgomery
Commander of XXX Corps
Appointed Commander of XXX Corps in the Eighth Army by Montgomery
Battle of Alam Halfa
Helps defeat Rommels attack on Alam Halfa Ridge
Battle of Alam Halfa
Rommels attack is turned back, Cairo & Alexandra are safeguarded
Battle of Alam Halfa
Rommel calls off the Alam Halfa attack after heavy losses in men, tanks, vehicles and guns.
Battle of Alam Halfa
Rommel is forced to retreat after the failure of the Axis attack at Alam Halfa.
Axis Alam Halfa Offensive Repulsed
Eighth Army stops the Axis attack and preserves the defensive position protecting Egypt.
Command of Brescia
Predieri assumes command of the Brescia Division on the El Alamein front.
Battle of Stalingrad
After defeating the last Soviet counter-attacks, 6th Army resumed its offensive on 2 September, linking up with 4th Panzer Army the following day. On 12 September, the Germans entered Stalingrad
Fourth Panzer Army
After defeating the last Soviet counter-attacks, 6th Army resumed its offensive on 2 September, linking up with 4th Panzer Army the following day. On 12 September, the Germans entered Stalingrad
Invasion of Russia
After defeating the last Soviet counter-attacks, 6th Army resumed its offensive on 2 September, linking up with 4th Panzer Army the following day. On 12 September, the Germans entered Stalingrad
Operation Case Blue
After defeating the last Soviet counter-attacks, 6th Army resumed its offensive on 2 September, linking up with 4th Panzer Army the following day. On 12 September, the Germans entered Stalingrad
Sixth Army
After defeating the last Soviet counter-attacks, 6th Army resumed its offensive on 2 September, linking up with 4th Panzer Army the following day. On 12 September, the Germans entered Stalingrad
Battle of Edson's Ridge
Kawaguchi directs a major night assault against the American positions protecting Henderson Field.
Electromagnetic Pilot Plant Recommendation
The S-1 Executive Committee recommends a Tennessee pilot plant based on Lawrence's electromagnetic isotope-separation work.
Project Y
At a meeting of the S-1 Executive Committee, it is decided that a centralized laboratory should be established to study fast neutrons, code-named "Project Y"
Manhattan Project
At a meeting of the S-1 Executive Committee, it is decided that a centralized laboratory should be established to study fast neutrons, code-named "Project Y"
Project Y
At a meeting of the S-1 Executive Committee, it is decided that a centralized laboratory should be established to study fast neutrons, code-named "Project Y"
Battle of Guadalcanal
Begins to build up ground forces at Guadalcanal, reaches 20,000
Battle of Guadalcanal
Sent to support the defence of Guadalcanal
National Liberation Movement
Helps organize the National Liberation Movement against occupation
Exile of Pahlavi
Moves to South Africa
Return to Command of Ariete
Arena returns to command Ariete as the division rebuilds for the next British offensive.
Command of Pasubio
Olmi takes acting command of the Pasubio Division while it serves with the Italian 8th Army in Russia.
Manhattan Engineering District
Colonel Leslie Groves is assigned command of the Manhattan Engineering District
Manhattan Project
Colonel Leslie Groves is assigned command of the Manhattan Engineering District
Manhattan Project
Takes command of the Manhattan Project.
Belgian Congo Uranium Purchase
Groves purchases about 1,250 tons of high-grade Belgian Congo uranium ore stored on Staten Island.
Return to Command of Littorio
Bitossi resumes command of the Littorio Armoured Division before the decisive autumn fighting at El Alamein.
Promotion to Brigadier General
Groves is promoted to brigadier general shortly after taking command of the Manhattan Engineer District.
Manhattan Project
Groves purchases 52,000 acres (210 km) of land in Tennessee for "Site X", which will become the Oak Ridge, Tennessee laboratory and production site
Site X
Groves purchases 52,000 acres (210 km) of land in Tennessee for "Site X", which will become the Oak Ridge, Tennessee laboratory and production site
Prime Minister of Norway
A puppet of the German Reichskommissar, Josef Terboven. Appointed Minister of President of the State Council the Germans
Prime Minister of Norway
A puppet of the German Reichskommissar, Josef Terboven. Appointed Minister of President of the State Council the Germans
Manhattan Project
The Manhattan Project is given permission to use the highest wartime priority rating by the War Production Board
War Production Board
The Manhattan Project is given permission to use the highest wartime priority rating by the War Production Board
Atlantic Wall
Orders that the construction of the Atlantic Wall be completed by 1st May 1943
Atlantic Wall
Holds a meeting where he asks for 15,000 strong points to be defended by 300,000 men
Invasion of Russia
In the Chancellery says Russia will be defeated in 1943 by a push in the Spring
Battle of Stalingrad
Advances across the Volga into the southernmost suburb of Stalingrad
Dismissal
Fails to capture the Black Sea & the oilfields of the Caucasus & is dismissed
Commander of 10 Corps
Appointed Commander of 10 Corps of the Eighth Army by Montgomery
Alliance Great Britain and Soviet Union
Churchill agrees to send Stalin Arctic convoys
Commander of 10 Corps
Appointed Commander of 10 Corps of the Eighth Army by Montgomery
Eighth Army Re-Equipment Programme
Builds up tanks, artillery, ammunition and transport before the planned offensive at El Alamein.
Premature Alamein Attack Rejected
Refuses pressure for an early offensive while Eighth Army is still training and accumulating supplies.
Formation of the Indian National Army
Mohan Singh organizes Indian prisoners of war in Southeast Asia into the first Indian National Army.
Consolidation of Don Front
Gariboldi reorganises ARMIR's defensive deployment after the August fighting and maintains the army along the Don.
Alpine Corps Takes Don Sector
Nasci's Alpine Corps takes responsibility for the northern sector of the Italian 8th Army line on the Don.
Battle of Stalingrad
Chuikov had witnessed firsthand the blitzkrieg tactics the Nazis had used to sweep across the Russian steppe, so he used the Germans carpet-bombing of the city to draw panzer units into the rubble and chaos, where their progress was impeded.
Battle of Stalingrad
Here they could be destroyed with Molotov cocktails and Russian artillery operating at close range. This tactic also rendered the German Luftwaffe ineffective, since Stuka dive-bombers could not attack Red Army positions without endangering their own forces
Battle of Stalingrad
It was at Stalingrad that Chuikov developed the important tactic of hugging the enemy, Guerrilla warfare, by which under-armed Soviet soldiers kept the German army so close to them as to minimize the superior firepower enjoyed by the Wehrmacht.
Battle of Stalingrad
Put in charge of defending Stalingrad.
October 194289 historical events
V2 Rocket
1st successful test launching of of thew V2, liquid fuelled rocket
V2 Rocket
1st successful test launching of of thew V2, liquid fuelled rocket
Command of Ravenna
Dupont assumes command of the Ravenna Division while it is deployed on the Don.
Met Lab Engineering Deadline
During a visit to the Metallurgical Laboratory, Groves orders long-delayed engineering decisions for plutonium production to be settled within five days.
Battle of Alamein, 2nd
Montgomery issues final plans for the Eighth Army's offensive before the Second Battle of El Alamein.
Battle of Cape Esperance
Goto leads a Japanese cruiser force into the Battle of Cape Esperance and is mortally wounded.
Death of Alessandro Predieri
Predieri is killed while commanding the Brescia Division on the El Alamein front.
Bombing of Grozny
As a result, on 10 October 1942, Luftflotte Fours Fliegerkorps IV was ordered to send every available bomber against the oilfields at Grozny.
Bombing of Grozny
He was now down to 232, of which only 129 were combat ready.
Bombing of Grozny
Hitler called for the air offensive to be carried out no later than 14 October, as he required air assets for a major effort at Stalingrad.
Bombing of Grozny
The air fleet was in poor shape by this time.
Bombing of Grozny
Von Richthofen had begun Case Blue with 323 serviceable bombers out of a total of 480.
Manhattan Project
Leslie Richard Groves appoints Robert Oppenheimer to coordinate the scientific research of the project at the "Site Y" laboratory
Site Y
Leslie Richard Groves appoints Robert Oppenheimer to coordinate the scientific research of the project at the "Site Y" laboratory
Manhattan Project
Leslie Richard Groves appoints Robert Oppenheimer to coordinate the scientific research of the project at the "Site Y" laboratory
Site Y
Leslie Richard Groves appoints Robert Oppenheimer to coordinate the scientific research of the project at the "Site Y" laboratory
Commando Order Covering Memorandum Signed
Jodl signs the covering memorandum transmitting Hitler's criminal Commando Order.
Commando Order
Hitler issued a Kommandobefehl (Commando Order) that proscribed any Allied personnel captured in commando raids would be executed
Death of Federico Ferrari Orsi
Ferrari Orsi is killed by a mine while inspecting forward positions shortly before the Second Battle of El Alamein.
Commando Order Supplement Transmitted
Jodl's staff transmits a restricted explanation concerning implementation of the Commando Order.
Command of Folgore
Bignami assumes acting command of Folgore after Frattini leaves the division.
Command of Brescia
Brunetti assumes command of Brescia during the final days before the British offensive at El Alamein.
Relinquishes Folgore Command
Frattini leaves command of the Folgore Division shortly before the main British offensive at El Alamein.
Battle of Yenangyaung
The Japanese capture the Yenangyaung oilfields & Magwe
Revenue Act of 1942
The Act greatly expands the number of Americans subject to federal income tax.
Battle of Alamein, 2nd
Maintains Egypt's wartime government during the Allied offensive at El Alamein.
Battle of Alamein, 2nd
Remains Egypt's monarch as the Second Battle of El Alamein is fought in the Western Desert.
Battle of Alamein, 2nd
Commands Axis forces at El Alamein and fails to break through to the Nile Delta and the Suez Canal.
Battle of Alamein, 2nd
The British Eighth Army opens the offensive at El Alamein while Georg Stumme commands Axis forces in Rommel's absence.
Battle of Alamein, 2nd
Helps manage Panzer Army Africa staff work during the Second Battle of El Alamein.
Battle of Alamein, 2nd
Commands 90th Light Africa Division on the Axis line at El Alamein.
Battle of Alamein, 2nd
Commands Axis forces at the start of the Second Battle of El Alamein while Rommel is absent.
Battle of Alamein, 2nd
Leese's XXX Corps leads the infantry assault in the northern sector at the opening of the Second Battle of El Alamein.
Battle of Alamein, 2nd
Directs Desert Air Force support for Montgomery's offensive at El Alamein, helping secure the canal route.
Operation Lightfoot
Begins Operation Lightfoot, the infantry and artillery opening phase of the Second Battle of El Alamein.
Battle of Alamein, 2nd
Commands XIII Corps in the southern diversion during the opening of the Second Battle of El Alamein.
Battle of Alamein, 2nd
Launches an attack at El Alamein to stop the Axis advance toward the Suez Canal.
Battle of Alamein, 2nd
Launches the El Alamein offensive that turns back the Axis threat to Egypt and the Suez Canal.
Battle of Alamein, 2nd
Montgomery launches a diversionary attack in the southern sector on the opening night of the battle.
Battle of Alamein, 2nd
Montgomery launches the Second Battle of El Alamein with coordinated attacks by XXX Corps and XIII Corps.
Lightfoot
Operation Lightfoot is launched to recapture north Africa
Northern Alamein Break-In Ordered
Orders the principal infantry assault in the north to open routes through Axis defensive belts.
Southern Alamein Diversion Maintained
Maintains pressure in the south to hold Axis formations away from the decisive northern sector.
Defence of Southern El Alamein
Bignami's Folgore defends the southern sector against repeated British attacks during the opening of the El Alamein offensive.
Battle of Alamein, 2nd
Commands the Folgore paratroopers holding the southern sector during the Second Battle of El Alamein.
Second Battle of El Alamein
Arena commands Ariete, initially held in the southern armoured reserve during the Second Battle of El Alamein.
Second Battle of El Alamein
Bitossi commands Littorio when the British offensive begins at El Alamein.
Second Battle of El Alamein
La Ferla leads Trieste as the British Eighth Army opens the Second Battle of El Alamein.
North Africa Campaign
Monitors the North African crisis from Comando Supremo during the Second Battle of El Alamein.
Battle of Alamein, 2nd
Holds senior Italian command responsibility in Libya as Italian and German forces fight at El Alamein.
Birth of John Michael Crichton
Birth of John Michael Crichton
British Attack on Brescia
Brunetti's Brescia sector comes under heavy British attack during the Second Battle of El Alamein.
October Offensive on Henderson Field
Maruyama's division begins a difficult jungle assault against the southern defenses of Henderson Field.
Battle of Alamein, 2nd
Returns from Germany to command Panzer Army Africa during the Second Battle of El Alamein.
Battle of Alamein, 2nd
Montgomery confirms that the breakout effort must continue despite stubborn Axis resistance.
North Africa Campaign
Oversees Axis air and supply efforts while the El Alamein battle strains North African logistics.
Film
Birth of Robert William "Bob" Hoskins, Jr
Battle of Alamein, 2nd
Axis tankers Proserpina and Tergeste are sunk, worsening fuel shortages during the battle.
Battle of Alamein, 2nd
The loss of Axis supply tankers deprives Panzer Army Africa of fuel during the battle.
Armoured Counter-Move
Arena moves Ariete north toward Deyr el-Murra for an Axis armoured counter-move during the El Alamein battle.
Battle of Santa Cruz
Leads his ships as the vanguard group at the carrier battles of Santa Cruz
Battle of Alamein, 2nd
The Afrika Korps is reduced to 114 tanks but Hitler orders that they must hold its ground
Battle of Alamein, 2nd
Rommel's armour is badly reduced during the Second Battle of El Alamein while Hitler forbids withdrawal.
Battle of Alamein, 2nd
The Afrika Korps is reduced to 114 tanks but Hitler orders that they must hold its ground
Battle of Alamein, 2nd
Commands 15th Panzer Division as Axis armoured strength declines during the battle.
Alamein Attrition Phase Continued
Continues the battle despite slow progress, using artillery and infantry to wear down Axis reserves.
Supercharge Breakthrough Sector Chosen
Chooses a more northerly sector for the final breakout operation against the weakened Axis line.
Supercharge
Decides to launch the break-out Supercharge as far north as possible
Enigma Machine
Enters U-559 with Fasson and helps recover documents vital to renewed attacks on four-rotor Naval Enigma.
Enigma Machine
Boards sinking U-559 and retrieves Enigma key material before drowning when the submarine founders.
Enigma Machine
Carries captured U-559 codebooks and Enigma material from the sinking submarine to the British boarding party.
Battle of Britain
Germany bombs Canterbury in the biggest daylight raid since the Battle of Britain
Invasion of Russia
Hitler came to recognise that the capture of the Caucasus oil fields was unlikely before the Russian Winter forced the German forces to take up winter positions. Unable to capture them, he was determined to deny them to the enemy and ordered the Oberkommando der Luftwaffe (OKL) to inflict as much damage as possible
Oberkommando der Luftwaffe (OKL)
Hitler came to recognise that the capture of the Caucasus oil fields was unlikely before the Russian Winter forced the German forces to take up winter positions. Unable to capture them, he was determined to deny them to the enemy and ordered the Oberkommando der Luftwaffe (OKL) to inflict as much damage as possible
Operation Case Blue
Hitler came to recognise that the capture of the Caucasus oil fields was unlikely before the Russian Winter forced the German forces to take up winter positions. Unable to capture them, he was determined to deny them to the enemy and ordered the Oberkommando der Luftwaffe (OKL) to inflict as much damage as possible
Commander in Chief
Appointed SOE Commander of the Independent French
Enigma Machine
Joins Birch in Washington negotiations that strengthen British-American cooperation against Naval Enigma.
Enigma Machine
Travels to Washington and helps negotiate full collaboration with the U.S. Navy on communications intelligence.
Commander in Chief
Appointed SOE Commander of the Independent French
El Alamein Intelligence Planning
Contributes intelligence assessment and planning to British operations culminating in the Second Battle of El Alamein.
Broadcast
Churchill broadcasts to Italy appealing to them to oust their leaders
Suez Canal
Commands Mediterranean naval forces while the El Alamein campaign protects Alexandria and the Suez Canal.
Alamein Artillery Concentration Prepared
Masses artillery to support infantry corridors through the Axis minefields at the start of the offensive.
Operation Bertram Deception Supported
Supports deception measures intended to disguise the timing and main direction of the coming Alamein offensive.
Deployment at Podgornoje
Reverberi's Tridentina is shifted to the left of the Alpine Corps in the Podgornoje area.
Los Alamos Laboratory
Is selected to direct bomb-design work at Los Alamos.
Centrifuge Separation Abandoned
The centrifuge method for uranium isotope separation is abandoned after persistent technical difficulties.
British Information Exchange Restriction
Conant recommends sharply restricting atomic information exchange with Britain; Bush forwards the recommendation to Roosevelt.
DuPont Plutonium Assignment
Groves places DuPont in charge of engineering and construction for the plutonium-production project.
November 1942172 historical events
Afrika Korps
Bernard Montgomery launches an attack on the Deutsches Afrika Korps at Kidney Ridge
Battle of Kidney Ridge
Bernard Montgomery launches an attack on the Deutsches Afrika Korps at Kidney Ridge
Battle of Tobruk
Rommel captures Tobruk. Bernard Montgomery launches an attack on the Deutsches Afrika Korps at Kidney Ridge
Capture of Tobruk
Rommel captures Tobruk
Siege of Tobruk
Rommel captures Tobruk. Bernard Montgomery launches an attack on the Deutsches Afrika Korps at Kidney Ridge
Command of XXXV Corps
Zingales takes command of the former CSIR formation, redesignated XXXV Corps, within Gariboldi's 8th Army.
Leaves XXXV Corps Command
Messe relinquishes command of the former CSIR and XXXV Corps after prolonged service on the Eastern Front.
Battle of Alamein, 2nd
Rommel begins withdrawing after Montgomery's forces break the Axis position at El Alamein.
Supercharge
After the success of the Allied operation Rommel decides to rereat to Fuka
Battle of Alamein, 2nd
Leese's XXX Corps supports the breakout during the closing phase of the Second Battle of El Alamein.
Battle of Alamein, 2nd
Coordinates air support and interdiction during the decisive armoured breakout at El Alamein.
Operation Supercharge
Launches Operation Supercharge to break through the Axis position west of El Alamein.
Battle of Alamein, 2nd
Commands X Corps armoured formations during Operation Supercharge at the Second Battle of El Alamein.
Battle of Alamein, 2nd
Leads 7th Armoured Division during the breakout phase of the Second Battle of El Alamein.
Battle of Alamein, 2nd
Montgomery's offensive forces Rommel's army into retreat during the Second Battle of El Alamein.
Supercharge
151st & 152nd brigades launch Operation Supercharge & reach their objectives
Axis Counterattack
Arena leads Ariete during the final large Axis armoured counterattack, which fails to restore the El Alamein front.
Siege of Tobruk
Rommell decides to withdraw from Tobruk, Hitler forces Rommel to stay
Battle of Tobruk
Rommell decides to withdraw from Tobruk, Hitler forces Rommel to stay. Bernard Montgomery launches an attack on the Deutsches Afrika Korps at Kidney Ridge
Siege of Tobruk
Rommell decides to withdraw from Tobruk, Hitler forces Rommel to stay
Stand-fast Order
Orders Rommel's army to stand fast despite the collapse of the Axis position at El Alamein.
Axis Armour Reduced before Breakout
Presses the offensive as Axis armoured strength falls to a fraction of its original level.
Battle of Alamein, 2nd
Montgomery's offensive reduces the Axis armoured reserve to a small number of serviceable tanks.
Battle of Alamein, 2nd
Mussolini supports Hitler's order that Axis troops hold their ground despite Rommel's request to retreat.
Closing the Breakthrough
Ariete moves north under Arena in an attempt to contain the widening British breakthrough.
Plutonium Neutron Impurity Warning
Seaborg warns that plutonium's alpha activity can make light-element impurities a serious unwanted neutron source.
Supercharge
The Axis troops are forced to rereat
Retreat from El Alamein
Begins the retreat from El Alamein after the Axis line is broken.
Battle of Alamein, 2nd
The Axis army is defeated at El Alamein and retreats westward across Libya.
Battle of Alamein, 2nd
Is captured during the Axis collapse at the Second Battle of El Alamein.
Alamein Breakthrough Achieved
Eighth Army breaks the Axis front and begins the pursuit westward across Egypt and Libya.
Battle of Alamein, 2nd
The British armoured formations break through the Axis front as the Second Battle of El Alamein nears its decision.
Folgore Withdrawal
Bignami receives orders to withdraw the battered Folgore formations after days of defensive fighting in the southern sector.
Last Message of Ariete
Arena reports that Ariete has been surrounded and its tanks are still fighting as British armour breaks through.
Destruction of Littorio
Littorio suffers catastrophic losses during the British breakthrough and ceases to function as an effective armoured division.
Fifth Atlantic War Patrol
Fecia di Cossato begins another long Atlantic patrol in Tazzoli, continuing operations against Allied merchant shipping.
Retreat from El Alamein
Brunetti's Brescia withdraws westward from El Alamein, much of the division moving on foot under pressure from British forces.
North African Crisis
Cavallero confronts the military crisis created by the collapse at El Alamein and the urgent need to preserve forces in North Africa.
General
Appoints Legentilhomme High Commissioner of Madagascar
Operation Ironclad
Agrees with Britain to appoint Legentilhomme High Commissioner of Madagascar
Invasion of France
Troops are alerted to the occupation of Vichy France
Pursuit after Alamein
Orders the pursuit westward after the Axis army abandons the El Alamein position.
Mersa Matruh Pursuit Maintained
Continues the pursuit as withdrawing Axis forces abandon positions around Mersa Matruh.
Operation Torch Consequences Assessed
Jodl evaluates the strategic effect of Allied landings in French North Africa on Axis positions in the Mediterranean.
Invasion of Africa
Plans the naval landings for British & American forces at Algiers, Oran & Casablance
Operation Torch
Allied forces land in Morocco and Algeria (Operation Torch)
Operation Torch Response
Mussolini faces a new strategic emergency when Anglo-American forces land in French North Africa during Operation Torch.
Operation Torch
1st day of Operation Torch
Operation Torch
Commands the Allied landings in French North Africa, indirectly securing the Mediterranean route to Egypt and the Suez Canal.
Operation Torch
Supports Operation Torch, which opens a western front in North Africa and eases pressure on Egypt and Suez.
Scavenius Government
Begins the Scavenius Government in Copenhagen and serves as Prime Minister of Denmark.
First Buhl Government
The First Buhl Government ends in Copenhagen, concluding this term as Prime Minister of Denmark.
Speech
"it is not even the beginning of the end, but it is perhaps the end of the beginning"
Battle of Alamein, 2nd
Describes El Alamein as a turning point after news of the Axis retreat reaches Britain.
Political Support at Vichy Government
France fully supports the Allies after the German occupation of Vichy France
Capture of Vichy
Germany occupies the remainder of Vichy France
Invasion of France
German troops reach the Spanish border & Mediterranean
Siege of Toulon
German troops advance as far as Toulon
Battle of Bardia
The British recapture Bardia
Siege of Tunis
Commands the creation of a bridgehead at Tunis & defends it from advancing Allies
Operation Torch
American troops land at Casablanca, Oran & Algiers overcoming Vichy resistance
Vichy Government
American troops land at Casablanca, Oran & Algiers overcoming Vichy resistance
Battle of Stalingrad
Most of Stalingrad is captured but the 6th Armys flanks are exposed
Industrial Scale Production Decision
The Military Policy Committee decides to bypass pilot stages for major production methods and proceed directly toward industrial-scale plants.
Battle of Alamein, 2nd
The Axis loss of Tobruk follows the retreat from El Alamein and weakens Rommel's North African position.
Capture of Tobruk
British forces recapture Tobruk after the Axis retreat following the Second Battle of El Alamein.
Capture of Tobruk
Montgomerys forces enter Tobruk which was never again to fall under German control
Tobruk Reoccupied during Pursuit
Eighth Army re-enters Tobruk while the Axis retreat continues westward.
Battle of Midway
Abes "Tokyo Express" is stopped at Ironbottom Sound & Abe is removed from command
Battle of Midway
Leads the bomardment at Midway & Wake Island
Loss of Hiei
Abe withdraws after Hiei is crippled in the night battle and later lost to repeated American air attacks.
Naval Battle of Guadalcanal
Abe leads a battleship bombardment force into a confused night action against American cruisers and destroyers.
Guadalcanal Reinforcement Convoy
Tanaka escorts fast transports carrying reinforcements toward Guadalcanal during the naval battle for the island.
Capture of Tobruk
Orders Church bells to be rung throughout England after the capture of Tobruk
Capture of Derna
Helps capture Derna
Second Naval Battle of Guadalcanal
Kondo leads a renewed Japanese bombardment force that is defeated by American battleships near Guadalcanal.
Manhattan Project
Groves and Oppenheimer visit Los Alamos, New Mexico and designate it as the location for "Site Y
Site Y
Groves and Oppenheimer visit Los Alamos, New Mexico and designate it as the location for "Site Y
Manhattan Project
Groves and Oppenheimer visit Los Alamos, New Mexico and designate it as the location for "Site Y
Site Y
Groves and Oppenheimer visit Los Alamos, New Mexico and designate it as the location for "Site Y
Birth of Martin Scorsese
Birth of Martin Scorsese
Battle of Stalingrad
Crushes the Romanians & begins to entrap von Pauluss Army
Afrika Korps
OKW upgrades its presence in Africa by creating the XC Army Corps in Tunisia & creating a new 5th Panzer Army headquarters under the command of Colonel General Hans-Jurgen von Arnim
Fifth Panzer Army
OKW upgrades its presence in Africa by creating the XC Army Corps in Tunisia & creating a new 5th Panzer Army headquarters under the command of Colonel General Hans-Jurgen von Arnim
XC Army Corps
OKW upgrades its presence in Africa by creating the XC Army Corps in Tunisia & creating a new 5th Panzer Army headquarters under the command of Colonel General Hans-Jurgen von Arnim
Afrika Korps
OKW upgrades its presence in Africa by creating the XC Army Corps in Tunisia & creating a new 5th Panzer Army headquarters under the command of Colonel General Hans-Jurgen von Arnim
Battle of Stalingrad
3rd Romanian Army had been transferred from Caucasus on 10 September, to take over Italian positions on the Don, opposite the Soviet bridgeheads. The Romanians were understrength and had only around six modern anti-tank guns per division.
Battle of Stalingrad
3rd Romanian Army, on the Don River west of Stalingrad, and 4th Romanian Army, south-east of Stalingrad, had been under constant Soviet attack since September.
Battle of Stalingrad
Hitler ordered 6th Army to remain on the defensive, rather than try to break out. It was intended the army would be supplied by air, but the quantity of supplies necessary was far beyond the ability of the Luftwaffe to carry. 6th Armys strength diminished and the Soviets gained the upper hand inside the city. Hitler forbids any retreat or surrender, they are "liquidated" by 25 January 1943
Battle of Stalingrad
The Soviets launched Operation Uranus, a two-pronged counter-offensive against the flanks of 6th Army. With the battle for the city and the exhaustion of 4th Panzer Army, the flanks were mainly guarded by Romanian, Hungarian and Italian soldiers.
Battle of Stalingrad
The bulk of the German tank reserve, the 48th Panzer Corps, consisted of about 180 tanks, half being obsolete Panzer 35(t)s. The two Romanian armies were routed and 6th Army, with parts of 4th Panzer Army, were encircled in Stalingrad.
Fourth Panzer Army
3rd Romanian Army had been transferred from Caucasus on 10 September, to take over Italian positions on the Don, opposite the Soviet bridgeheads. The Romanians were understrength and had only around six modern anti-tank guns per division.
Fourth Panzer Army
3rd Romanian Army, on the Don River west of Stalingrad, and 4th Romanian Army, south-east of Stalingrad, had been under constant Soviet attack since September.
Fourth Panzer Army
The Soviets launched Operation Uranus, a two-pronged counter-offensive against the flanks of 6th Army. With the battle for the city and the exhaustion of 4th Panzer Army, the flanks were mainly guarded by Romanian, Hungarian and Italian soldiers.
Fourth Panzer Army
The bulk of the German tank reserve, the 48th Panzer Corps, consisted of about 180 tanks, half being obsolete Panzer 35(t)s. The two Romanian armies were routed and 6th Army, with parts of 4th Panzer Army, were encircled in Stalingrad
Invasion of Russia
The Soviet counter-offensive at Stalingrad compelled von Richthofen to once more withdraw his units north to the Volga and bring an end to the aerial offensive
Invasion of Russia
3rd Romanian Army had been transferred from Caucasus on 10 September, to take over Italian positions on the Don, opposite the Soviet bridgeheads. The Romanians were understrength and had only around six modern anti-tank guns per division.
Invasion of Russia
3rd Romanian Army, on the Don River west of Stalingrad, and 4th Romanian Army, south-east of Stalingrad, had been under constant Soviet attack since September.
Invasion of Russia
Hitler ordered 6th Army to remain on the defensive, rather than try to break out. It was intended the army would be supplied by air, but the quantity of supplies necessary was far beyond the ability of the Luftwaffe to carry. 6th Armys strength diminished and the Soviets gained the upper hand inside the city
Invasion of Russia
The Soviets launched Operation Uranus, a two-pronged counter-offensive against the flanks of 6th Army. With the battle for the city and the exhaustion of 4th Panzer Army, the flanks were mainly guarded by Romanian, Hungarian and Italian soldiers.
Invasion of Russia
The bulk of the German tank reserve, the 48th Panzer Corps, consisted of about 180 tanks, half being obsolete Panzer 35(t)s. The two Romanian armies were routed and 6th Army, with parts of 4th Panzer Army, were encircled in Stalingrad.
Operation Case Blue
The Soviet counter-offensive at Stalingrad compelled von Richthofen to once more withdraw his units north to the Volga and bring an end to the aerial offensive
Operation Case Blue
3rd Romanian Army had been transferred from Caucasus on 10 September, to take over Italian positions on the Don, opposite the Soviet bridgeheads. The Romanians were understrength and had only around six modern anti-tank guns per division.
Operation Case Blue
3rd Romanian Army, on the Don River west of Stalingrad, and 4th Romanian Army, south-east of Stalingrad, had been under constant Soviet attack since September.
Operation Case Blue
Hitler ordered 6th Army to remain on the defensive, rather than try to break out. It was intended the army would be supplied by air, but the quantity of supplies necessary was far beyond the ability of the Luftwaffe to carry. 6th Armys strength diminished and the Soviets gained the upper hand inside the city
Operation Case Blue
The Soviets launched Operation Uranus, a two-pronged counter-offensive against the flanks of 6th Army. With the battle for the city and the exhaustion of 4th Panzer Army, the flanks were mainly guarded by Romanian, Hungarian and Italian soldiers.
Operation Case Blue
The bulk of the German tank reserve, the 48th Panzer Corps, consisted of about 180 tanks, half being obsolete Panzer 35(t)s. The two Romanian armies were routed and 6th Army, with parts of 4th Panzer Army, were encircled in Stalingrad.
Operation Uranus
3rd Romanian Army had been transferred from Caucasus on 10 September, to take over Italian positions on the Don, opposite the Soviet bridgeheads. The Romanians were understrength and had only around six modern anti-tank guns per division.
Operation Uranus
3rd Romanian Army, on the Don River west of Stalingrad, and 4th Romanian Army, south-east of Stalingrad, had been under constant Soviet attack since September.
Operation Uranus
The Soviets launched Operation Uranus, a two-pronged counter-offensive against the flanks of 6th Army. With the battle for the city and the exhaustion of 4th Panzer Army, the flanks were mainly guarded by Romanian, Hungarian and Italian soldiers.
Operation Uranus
The bulk of the German tank reserve, the 48th Panzer Corps, consisted of about 180 tanks, half being obsolete Panzer 35(t)s. The two Romanian armies were routed and 6th Army, with parts of 4th Panzer Army, were encircled in Stalingrad
Sixth Army
3rd Romanian Army had been transferred from Caucasus on 10 September, to take over Italian positions on the Don, opposite the Soviet bridgeheads. The Romanians were understrength and had only around six modern anti-tank guns per division.
Sixth Army
3rd Romanian Army, on the Don River west of Stalingrad, and 4th Romanian Army, south-east of Stalingrad, had been under constant Soviet attack since September.
Sixth Army
Hitler ordered 6th Army to remain on the defensive, rather than try to break out. It was intended the army would be supplied by air, but the quantity of supplies necessary was far beyond the ability of the Luftwaffe to carry. 6th Armys strength diminished and the Soviets gained the upper hand inside the city
Sixth Army
The Soviets launched Operation Uranus, a two-pronged counter-offensive against the flanks of 6th Army. With the battle for the city and the exhaustion of 4th Panzer Army, the flanks were mainly guarded by Romanian, Hungarian and Italian soldiers.
Sixth Army
The bulk of the German tank reserve, the 48th Panzer Corps, consisted of about 180 tanks, half being obsolete Panzer 35(t)s. The two Romanian armies were routed and 6th Army, with parts of 4th Panzer Army, were encircled in Stalingrad.
Death of Tomitaro Horii
Horii dies while attempting to cross the flooded Kumusi River during the Japanese retreat in New Guinea.
Battle of Stalingrad
Leads the attack on the north & south flanks of the Germans
Battle of Stalingrad
The Red Army begins to encircle the German forces besieging Stalingrad
Red Army
The Red Army begins to encircle the German forces besieging Stalingrad
Benghazi Reoccupied during Pursuit
Eighth Army enters Benghazi as Montgomery sustains pressure on the retreating Axis army.
Capture of Benghazi
Commands the Eighth Army in the recapture of Benghazi
Eighth Army
Commands the Eighth Army in the recapture of Benghazi
Battle of Stalingrad
The 6th Army is completely encircled by the Red Army
Sixth Army
The 6th Army is completely encircled by the Red Army
Army Group A
Placed in command of Army Group A
Resignation of Stafford Cripps
Resigns as Leader of the House
Minister of Aircraft Production
Appointed Minister of Aircraft Production
War Cabinet
Appointed Member of War Cabinet
Battle of Stalingrad
Captures the supply bridge at Kalach
Capture of Kalach Bridge
Part of Operation Uranus, captures the only bridge over the Don. Cuts off the German 6th armys main communications
Battle of Stalingrad
The south west & Stalingrad fronts link up, 330,000 Germans are encircled. Hitler orders "Where the German Soldier sets his foot, there he remains"
Battle of Stalingrad
The Stalingrad fronts link up, 330,000 Germans are encircled. Hitler orders the 6th Army to hold their position
Sixth Army
Hitler orders the 6th Army to hold their position
El Agheila Position Reached
Eighth Army reaches the El Agheila region after the rapid advance across Cyrenaica.
Commander of Eighteenth Army
Appointed Commander of the 8th Army in New Guinea
Commander of Eighteenth Army
Appointed Commander of the 8th Army in New Guinea
Battle of Stalingrad
Zhukov begins attacking the German 5th Army & 4th Panzer Army in the rear. The 300,000 force of the German 6th Army is encircled
Sixth Army
The 300,000 force of the German 6th Army is encircled
Siege of Rhzev
The Russians lose 42,000 men. The 4th Battle for Rhzev begins
Unternehmen Blau
The 4th Battle for Rhzev begins
Invasion of Russia
The Case Blue offensive saw gains, with an advance into the Caucasus capturing large areas of land and several oil fields. However, the Red Army defeated the Germans at Stalingrad, following Operations Uranus and Little Saturn. This defeat forced the Axis to retreat from the Caucasus. Only the city of Kursk and the Kuban region remained tentatively occupied by Axis troops
Operation Case Blue
The Case Blue offensive saw gains, with an advance into the Caucasus capturing large areas of land and several oil fields. However, the Red Army defeated the Germans at Stalingrad, following Operations Uranus and Little Saturn. This defeat forced the Axis to retreat from the Caucasus. Only the city of Kursk and the Kuban region remained tentatively occupied by Axis troops
Operation Little Saturn
The Case Blue offensive saw gains, with an advance into the Caucasus capturing large areas of land and several oil fields. However, the Red Army defeated the Germans at Stalingrad, following Operations Uranus and Little Saturn. This defeat forced the Axis to retreat from the Caucasus. Only the city of Kursk and the Kuban region remained tentatively occupied by Axis troops
Operation Uranus
The Case Blue offensive saw gains, with an advance into the Caucasus capturing large areas of land and several oil fields. However, the Red Army defeated the Germans at Stalingrad, following Operations Uranus and Little Saturn. This defeat forced the Axis to retreat from the Caucasus. Only the city of Kursk and the Kuban region remained tentatively occupied by Axis troops
Red Army
The Case Blue offensive saw gains, with an advance into the Caucasus capturing large areas of land and several oil fields. However, the Red Army defeated the Germans at Stalingrad, following Operations Uranus and Little Saturn. This defeat forced the Axis to retreat from the Caucasus. Only the city of Kursk and the Kuban region remained tentatively occupied by Axis troops
Field Marshal
Has the task of supporting Paulus, given 1 Luftwaffe, 4 panzer & 6 infantry divisions
Luftwaffe
Has the task of supporting Paulus, given 1 Luftwaffe, 4 panzer & 6 infantry divisions
Field Marshal
Has the task of supporting Paulus, given 1 Luftwaffe, 4 panzer & 6 infantry divisions
Luftwaffe
Has the task of supporting Paulus, given 1 Luftwaffe, 4 panzer & 6 infantry divisions
Birth of Jimi Hendrix
Birth of Jimi Hendrix
Battle of Tassafaronga
Tanaka's destroyers launch an effective torpedo counterattack during the Battle of Tassafaronga.
Suez Canal
Welcomes Allied gains in North Africa as strengthening the Allied position in the Mediterranean and the approaches to Suez.
Commander of XXIV Panzer Corps
Appointed Commander of XXIV Panzer Corps
Lieutenant Colonel
Appointed Lieutenant Colonel
Tunisia Reinforcement Strategy Reviewed
Jodl participates in decisions concerning reinforcement of Axis forces in Tunisia after Operation Torch.
Invasion of Africa
The Allies invade Algeria & Tunisia
Invasion of Sicily
Moves HQ to Sicily for an Allied invasion
Commander of XXIV Panzer Corps
Appointed Commander of XXIV Panzer Corps
Army Group Don Command
Manstein took command of the newly established Army Group Don during the crisis following the Soviet encirclement of German Sixth Army. He was charged with coordinating forces on the southern Eastern Front and attempting to stabilise the German position.
Lieutenant Colonel
Appointed Lieutenant Colonel
Cabinet
Herbert Morrison replaces Sir Stafford Cripps
Air Marshal
Leigh-Mallory replaces Sholto Douglas as head of Fighter Command and is promoted to Air Marshal
Enigma Machine
Works on the specialised Abwehr-Enigma Bombe Funf, installed at Bletchley Park in November.
Air Marshal
Leigh-Mallory replaces Sholto Douglas as head of Fighter Command and is promoted to Air Marshal
Result of Surrender of Italy
Ciano's advice reflects growing Italian recognition that the war is becoming unsustainable.
Surrender of Italy
Claims that the war is lost & advises surrender to avoid useless slaughter
Retreat of X Corps
Nebbia commands the remnants of X Corps as surviving formations withdraw from the El Alamein front toward Fuka.
Tunisia Bridgehead
Cavallero directs the rapid commitment of Italian forces to Tunisia as the Axis seeks to establish a bridgehead after Operation Torch.
Retreat from Egypt
Bastico again has formal authority over Italian forces retreating from Egypt as the Axis withdraws across Libya.
Operation Torch
The Allies launch Operation Torch & jointly invade north Africa
Capture of Oran
Captures Oran during the North African landings
December 194275 historical events
Beveridge Report
Beveridge proposes comprehensive social insurance against major causes of poverty.
Report
The Beveridge scheme for compulsory social insurance is announced
Beveridge Report
Publishes Social Insurance and Allied Services.
Comprehensive Health Proposal
Calls for comprehensive health services in postwar reconstruction.
Five Giants
Frames Want, Disease, Ignorance, Squalor and Idleness as postwar challenges.
Beveridge Report
Supports ambitious implementation of postwar social reform.
Chicago Pile-1 Chain Reaction
Participates in the Chicago Pile-1 experiment proving a controlled self-sustaining neutron chain reaction.
First Nuclear Chain Reaction
A uranium and graphite pile achieves the first self-sustaining nuclear chain reaction.
1st Nuclear Reactor
Present at the opening of the 1st nuclear reactor at the University of Chicago
Nuclear Power
Sees the opening of the first nuclear reactor in a squash court at the Univ of Chicago
Chicago Pile-1 Criticality
Directs Chicago Pile-1 as it achieves the first controlled self-sustaining nuclear chain reaction beneath the stands of Stagg Field at the University of Chicago.
Command of Pasubio
Boselli assumes command of the Pasubio Division during the deteriorating winter situation on the Don.
Conclusion of First Ministerial Appointment
Al-Rifai’s service as minister of interior and education in the fourth Abu al-Huda government ended on this date. His initial cabinet tenure had begun in July 1941.
Battle of Guadalcanal
Given command of all US forces in the campaign in Guadalcanal
Medal
Awarded the Knights Cross of the Iron Cross
Siege of Tunis
Joins up with Rommel to defend Tunis with his newly created XC Corps
Soviet Attacks on Alpine Sector
Nasci's Alpine Corps begins facing renewed Soviet attacks against its sector on the Don.
Battle of Stalingrad
Sets the Panzers rolling to relieve Paulus trapped 6th Army. Manstein is 30 miles away from Stalingrad
Battle of Stalingrad
Following the success of Operation Uranus, the Red Army began Operation Saturn, to cut off Army Group A and all troops east of Rostov.During the German relief operation at Stalingrad, Soviet forces had been redeployed, lesser objectives substituted, and the operation renamed "Little Saturn".
Battle of Stalingrad
Spearheaded by some of the first Tiger tanks, the offensive got within 48 km (30 mi) of the southern 6th Army front, but the Germans made no attempt to break out.
Battle of Stalingrad
The attack fell on Eighth Italian Army and the remnants of 3rd Romanian Army, and led to the destruction of most of Eighth Army. A relief operation called Operation Winter Storm began.
Battle of Stalingrad
The failure was followed by a siege that lasted for almost three months, during which 6th Army was destroyed
Invasion of Russia
During the German relief operation at Stalingrad, Soviet forces had been redeployed, lesser objectives substituted, and the operation renamed "Little Saturn".
Invasion of Russia
Following the success of Operation Uranus, the Red Army began Operation Saturn, to cut off Army Group A and all troops east of Rostov.
Invasion of Russia
Spearheaded by some of the first Tiger tanks, the offensive got within 48 km (30 mi) of the southern 6th Army front, but the Germans made no attempt to break out.
Invasion of Russia
The attack fell on Eighth Italian Army and the remnants of 3rd Romanian Army, and led to the destruction of most of Eighth Army. A relief operation called Operation Winter Storm began.
Invasion of Russia
The failure was followed by a siege that lasted for almost three months, during which 6th Army was destroyed
Operation Case Blue
During the German relief operation at Stalingrad, Soviet forces had been redeployed, lesser objectives substituted, and the operation renamed "Little Saturn".
Operation Case Blue
Following the success of Operation Uranus, the Red Army began Operation Saturn, to cut off Army Group A and all troops east of Rostov.
Operation Case Blue
Spearheaded by some of the first Tiger tanks, the offensive got within 48 km (30 mi) of the southern 6th Army front, but the Germans made no attempt to break out.
Operation Case Blue
The attack fell on Eighth Italian Army and the remnants of 3rd Romanian Army, and led to the destruction of most of Eighth Army. A relief operation called Operation Winter Storm began.
Operation Case Blue
The failure was followed by a siege that lasted for almost three months, during which 6th Army was destroyed
Operation Little Saturn
Following the success of Operation Uranus, the Red Army began Operation Saturn, to cut off Army Group A and all troops east of Rostov. During the German relief operation at Stalingrad, Soviet forces had been redeployed, lesser objectives substituted, and the operation renamed "Little Saturn". The attack fell on Eighth Italian Army and the remnants of 3rd Romanian Army, and led to the destruction of most of Eighth Army
Operation Uranus
Following the success of Operation Uranus, the Red Army began Operation Saturn, to cut off Army Group A and all troops east of Rostov. During the German relief operation at Stalingrad, Soviet forces had been redeployed, lesser objectives substituted, and the operation renamed "Little Saturn". The attack fell on Eighth Italian Army and the remnants of 3rd Romanian Army, and led to the destruction of most of Eighth Army
Operation Winter Storm
A relief operation called Operation Winter Storm began. Spearheaded by some of the first Tiger tanks, the offensive got within 48 km (30 mi) of the southern 6th Army front, but the Germans made no attempt to break out. The failure was followed by a siege that lasted for almost three months, during which 6th Army was destroyed
Red Army
Following the success of Operation Uranus, the Red Army began Operation Saturn, to cut off Army Group A and all troops east of Rostov. During the German relief operation at Stalingrad, Soviet forces had been redeployed, lesser objectives substituted, and the operation renamed "Little Saturn".
Red Army
The attack fell on Eighth Italian Army and the remnants of 3rd Romanian Army, and led to the destruction of most of Eighth Army
Red Army
The attack fell on Eighth Italian Army and the remnants of 3rd Romanian Army, and led to the destruction of most of Eighth Army.
Siege of Stalingrad
A relief operation called Operation Winter Storm began. Spearheaded by some of the first Tiger tanks, the offensive got within 48 km (30 mi) of the southern 6th Army front, but the Germans made no attempt to break out. The failure was followed by a siege that lasted for almost three months, during which 6th Army was destroyed
Sixth Army
A relief operation called Operation Winter Storm began. Spearheaded by some of the first Tiger tanks, the offensive got within 48 km (30 mi) of the southern 6th Army front, but the Germans made no attempt to break out. The failure was followed by a siege that lasted for almost three months, during which 6th Army was destroyed
Birth of David Dave Clark
Birth of David Dave Clark
Prime Minister of Iceland
Appointed Prime Minister of Iceland
Bjorn Thordarson Government
Begins the Bjorn Thordarson Government and serves as Prime Minister of Iceland.
First Olafur Thors Government
The First Olafur Thors Government ends, concluding this term as Prime Minister of Iceland.
Soviet Winter Offensive
Gariboldi's 8th Army is struck by the Soviet offensive later known as Operation Little Saturn, breaking key sectors of the Don front.
Catavi Massacre
Government forces kill striking miners and civilians during the Catavi Massacre.
Sixth Army
Blocked on the Myshkova by the 2nd Guards Army, the German 6th Army cannot break out
Winter Storm
Blocked on the Myshkova by the 2nd Guards Army, the German 6th Army cannot break out
Winter Storm
Leads Opeartion Winter Storm to support Field Marshal Paulus
Assassination of Jean Francois Darlan
Assassination of the Vichy leader in north Africa
Death of Jean Francois Darlan
Death of Jean Francois Darlan, assassinated
Vichy Government
Assassination of the Vichy leader in north Africa
Battle of Stalingrad
Zhukov drives Hoths army back across Kotelnikov
Battle of Stalingrad
Zhukov drives the Germans back from the north & sth. Supply lines can no longer reach Paulus on land
Battle of Stalingrad
Zhukov drives the German forces in the north beyond the Chir & Aksay. Zhukov drives Hoths army back across Kotelnikov
Bethlehem Childrens Home Admission
Oswald entered the Bethlehem Children's Home on December 26, 1942, and remained there for about thirteen months.
Full Production Programme Approval
Roosevelt approves detailed plans for full-scale production facilities and atomic-weapon development.
Battle of Barents Sea
Defeated in battle & later forced to resign by Hitler
Concentration Camps
85% of Polish Jews have been transported to concentration camps
Commander of 6th Army
Appointed Commander of the 6th Army
Commander of 6th Army
Appointed Commander of the 6th Army
Invasion of France
The Army Felber is given the responsibility for the occupation of the Medierranean
Health Reform
The Beveridge scheme for compulsory social insurance is announced
Reform of Government
The Beveridge scheme for compulsory social insurance is announced
United States Cryptographic Mission
Leaves Britain for the United States to assist cooperation on high-speed Bombe development and secure communications.
Enigma Machine
Works in the Naval Section's U-boat watch as renewed Enigma decrypts begin arriving after the December Shark break.
Enigma Machine
Helps restore reading of four-rotor U-boat Enigma as Hut 8 breaks Shark again in December.
Enigma Machine
Contributes to the December recovery of four-rotor Shark, ending a prolonged Naval Enigma blackout.
Battle of Pearl Harbour
Japan informs Mussolini they are about to attack the US, Mussolini offers full support
Bombing of Pearl Harbour
Japan informs Mussolini they will attack the US, Mussolini offers his full support
Defence of the Don
Battisti's Cuneense holds positions on the northern Italian front while the wider ARMIR line begins to collapse farther south.
Defence of the Don
Ricagno's Julia remains committed on the Don as Soviet pressure intensifies against the Italian 8th Army.
Defence of the Don
Reverberi's Tridentina maintains its Alpine Corps positions while Soviet operations threaten the flanks of the Italian deployment.
Kellex Gaseous Diffusion Programme
Kellex is organised to design the gaseous-diffusion plant, with Percival Keith directing work on plant engineering and diffusion barriers.
Four Hundred Million Dollar Estimate
Roosevelt approves a greatly increased Manhattan Project cost estimate of about 400 million dollars submitted through Vannevar Bush.
Coup
Costas was a synonym for the highly conservative provincial aristocracies in Northern Argentina, and there were widespread rumors the Government planned a massive fraud to install him as president. Announced as the Governments candidate to succeed the President
War Cabinet
Invited by Churchill to join the War Cabinet
War Cabinet
Appointed Australian representative in the British War Cabinet
Minister of Netherlands, The
Appointed Minister of The Netherlands
War Cabinet
Invited by Churchill to join the War Cabinet
War Cabinet
Appointed Australian representative in the British War Cabinet
Unified Field Theory Research
Pursues mathematical approaches to unifying gravitation and electromagnetism while directing theoretical-physics research in Dublin.
Element 85 in Nature
Provides evidence that element 85 exists naturally in trace quantities.
Natural Astatine Detection
Co-detects naturally occurring astatine in uranium decay products.
Commander in Chief
Appointed Commander in Chief, South East
Commander in Chief
Appointed Commander in Chief, South East
Award
Awarded the Kinights Cross of the Iron Cross
Commander of XXXV Corps
Appointed Commander of the XXXV Corps
Belgian Deportations
His office helps organize deportations from Belgium.
Dutch Deportations
His office coordinates deportations from the Netherlands.
French Deportations
His office coordinates deportation transports from occupied France.
Jewish Transports from Belgium
Transports carry deportees toward Auschwitz-Birkenau.
Jewish Transports from France
Victims are sent primarily toward Auschwitz-Birkenau.
Jewish Transports from Netherlands
Transport schedules connect transit camps with killing centres.
Slovak Jews Sent to Killing Centres
Transports send victims toward German-occupied Poland.
Slovakia Deportations
His office organizes deportations of Jews from Slovakia.
Arrest of Maxime Weygand
Imprisoned by the Germans, 1942-1945
Party Leader
Appointed Party Leader of the MNR
Revolutionary Nationalist Movement
Estenssoro founds the MNR
Eldorado Uranium
Canadian uranium supply becomes part of Allied nuclear planning.
Isabel Allende Birth
Isabel Allende was born in Lima, Peru, and later became widely known as a Chilean novelist.
National Literature Prize
Promulgates legislation establishing the National Prize for Literature.
Arrest of Ho Chi Minh
Releases Ho Chi Minh
Independence of China
Sets up Ho Chi Minh as head of the Vietnam Revolutionary League
Independence of Vietnam
Sets up Ho Chi Minh as head of the Vietnam Revolutionary League
Vietnam Revolutionary League
Sets up Ho Chi Minh as head of the Vietnam Revolutionary League
Alliance China, Britain and Allied forces in Burma
Coordinates with British and Allied forces in Burma as Japanese advances threaten China’s southwestern supply routes.
Arrest of Jose Figueres Ferrer
Arrested during criticizing the Government during a radio broadcast
Exile of Jose Figueres Ferrer
Starts plotting the military take over of the Costa Rican Government. Forced into exile
Execution
Operation Anthropoid results in brutal German reprisals such as the execution of thousands of Czechs and the eradication of two villages of Lidice and Lezaky
Massacre
Operation Anthropoid results in brutal German reprisals such as the execution of thousands of Czechs and the eradication of two villages of Lidice and Lezaky
Operation Anthropoid
Operation Anthropoid results in brutal German reprisals such as the execution of thousands of Czechs and the eradication of two villages of Lidice and Lezaky
Historien om Borge
Publication of "Historien om Borge"
Les Visiteurs du soir
Directs Les Visiteurs du soir.
Government
Raises an army for Hitler & allows deportation to Germany for forced Labour. Leads a German puppet Government
Prime Minister of France
Appointed Prime Minister of France, 2nd term
The Myth of Sisyphus
Camus publishes The Myth of Sisyphus, developing his philosophy of the absurd.
The Stranger
Camus publishes The Stranger, a novel centred on alienation, judgment and absurdity.
Water and Dreams
Bachelard publishes Water and Dreams, extending his philosophical study of poetic imagination.
The Structure of Behavior
Merleau-Ponty publishes The Structure of Behavior, connecting phenomenology with psychology and biology.
Chief of Staff
Appointed Chief of Staff
Commander of Free French
Appointed Commander of the Free French in the Levant
Free French
Appointed Commander of the Free French in the Levant
Arrest of Pierre Laval
Released from prison under Hitler's orders
Chief of Staff
Appointed Chief of Staff
Arrest of Jean Francois Darlan
Captured by the Allies & transfers allegiance to the Allies
Recognition of As head of French north Africa by
Recognized as head of French north Africa by Eisenhower to gain French co-operation
Commander of Free French
Appointed Commander of the Free French in the Levant
Free French
Appointed Commander of the Free French in the Levant
Armee Secrete
Forms the Armee Secrete, a nucleus for the French uprising at the Liberation
Free French
Submits plans to the British for the succesful Free French invasion of Madagascar
Invasion of Madagascar
Submits plans to the British for the succesful Free French invasion of Madagascar
Arrest of Paul Reynaud
Imprisoned by the Germans
Prime Minister of France
Appointed Prime Minister of France, 2nd term
Trial
Trials held by the Vichy Government of those responsible for the 1940 French collapse
Trial
Blum & Daladier expose the trials & Vichy France loses American support
Vichy Government
Trials held by the Vichy Government of those responsible for the 1940 French collapse
Greater German Empire
Treats Poles as "slaves of the Greater German Empire"
Persecution
Treats Poles as "slaves of the Greater German Empire"
Office of War Information Work
Marcuse joined the United States Office of War Information and contributed his expertise on German society.
Departure from Leipzig
Leaves Leipzig to become director of the Kaiser Wilhelm Institute for Physics in Berlin.
Brigadier General
Appointed Brigadier General
Chief of Army Personnel
Appointed Chief of Army Personnel
Chief of Staff
Appointed Chief of Staff of the Ninth Army
Chief of Staff
Appointed Chief of Staff of the OB West after the British siege of St Nazaire
Commander in Chief
Appointed Commander in Chief, South
Commander of 4th Panzer Army
Appointed Commander of the 4th Panzer Army
Commander of Army Group A
Appointed Commander of Army Group A created to advance into the Caucasus
Commander of Fourteenth Division
Appointed Commander of the 14th Division Panzer Regiment
Commander of Mountain Corps 19
Appointed Commander of the Mountain Corps XIX in Lapland
General
Appointed General
General
Entrusted by Hitler to write the history of the 2nd World War
Major General
Appointed Major General
Minister of Armaments
Appointed Minister of Armaments
Reich Commissioner
Appointed Reich Commissioner during Germany's occupation of Denmark
Rule of Denmark
Appointed Reich Commissioner during Germany's occupation of Denmark
SS
Appointed SS-Hauptsturmfuhrer, Captain
Supreme Commander
Appointed Supreme Commander of the Army
Operation Barbarossa
Commands the Soviet winter offensive, von Brauchitsch is dismissed
Brigadier General
Appointed Brigadier General
Chief of Army Personnel
Appointed Chief of Army Personnel
Dismissal
Stalingrad & the Caucasus oil fields are not taken & Halder is dismissed
Invasion of Russia
The Kerch Peninsular, Kharkov, Crimea & Sebastopol are captured
Operation Barbarossa
The Kerch Peninsular, Kharkov, Crimea & Sebastopol are captured
Chief of Staff
Appointed Chief of Staff of the Ninth Army
Chief of Staff
Appointed Chief of Staff of the OB West after the British siege of St Nazaire
Execution
Mass gassing of Jews using Zyklon-B begins at Auschwitz
Alliance Germany and Italy
Responsible for land & air forces & keeping Italy in the war
Bombing of Malta
Orders heavy bombing of Malta because of its strategic importance to the British
Commander in Chief
Appointed Commander in Chief, South
Hercules
At the last moment Hitler decides to cancel Operation Hercules
Atlantic Wall
Commands the forces defending the Atlantic Wall, Hitler controls the troop movements
Battle of Stalingrad
Commands the 4th Panzer Army at the Battle of Stalingrad
Commander of 4th Panzer Army
Appointed Commander of the 4th Panzer Army
Commander of Army Group A
Appointed Commander of Army Group A created to advance into the Caucasus
Siege of Caucasus
Kleist is sent to command troops in the Caucasus in order to capture important oil wells in the area
Commander of Fourteenth Division
Appointed Commander of the 14th Division Panzer Regiment
Commander of Mountain Corps 19
Appointed Commander of the Mountain Corps XIX in Lapland
Unternehmen Blau
When the 3rd Battle for Rhzev ends the Russians have casualties of 380,000 dead. Leads the Summer Offensive in the Rzhev sector
Invasion of Russia
Holds the Corps bridgehead on the east bank of the Dneiper River
Operation Barbarossa
Holds the Corps bridgehead on the east bank of the Dneiper River
Battle of Kasserine
Defeats the II US Corps in Tunisia
Battle of Sidi Bou Zid
Defeats the II US Corps in Tunisia
Dismissal
Witzleben is removed from active command after disputes with the Nazi leadership
Resistance
Witzleben becomes a symbolic senior military figure for officers planning action against Hitler
Retirement
After dismissal from command Witzleben is placed in retirement but remains important to the military opposition
Atlantic Wall
Adolf Hitler advocates construction of a concrete coastal wall in north west France.
Atlantic Wall
Adolf Hitler constructs a 5000 Km defensive wall to defend the west.
Atlantic Wall
Hitler ordered construction of the Atlantic Wall to proceed with "fanatic energy.."
Atlantic Wall
Over 17 million tons of concrete and 1.2 million tons of steel are used.
Atlantic Wall
Preparations to counter an invasion of Western Europe are limited to the construction, by the Organisation Todt, of impressive fortifications covering the major ports.
Atlantic Wall
The strongest concentration of defences will be at Calais, Cherbourg and Le Havre.
Atlantic Wall
Work begins on construction, mainly French harbours & ports after the siege of Dieppe
Atlantic Wall
In Normandy there are 27 heavy gun emplacements & 20 mobile heavy guns
Atlantic Wall
The strongest part has 93 heavy gun emplacements & 39 mobile heavy guns
Siege of St Nazaire
Hitler decides to step up the defence of north west France. Britain conducts a successful raid in the Loire
General
Appointed General
General
Entrusted by Hitler to write the history of the 2nd World War
Eastern Front
His service on the Eastern Front strengthens his opposition to Nazi military and occupation policies
German Resistance
Quirnheim becomes increasingly connected with officers opposed to Hitler and the Nazi regime
Promotion
Quirnheim is promoted to lieutenant colonel during the war
Twenty Fourth Army Corps
Quirnheim becomes Head of Staff of the Twenty Fourth Army Corps on the Eastern Front
Wilhelm Dieckmann
Through his brother in law Wilhelm Dieckmann Quirnheim strengthens his links with the German military resistance
Major General
Appointed Major General
Capture of Barak
Captures Barak on the Donets & unites with the 6th Army
Minister of Armaments
Appointed Minister of Armaments
Massacre
The NAZIs respond to Heydrichs assassination by massacaring the population of Lidice
Reich Commissioner
Appointed Reich Commissioner during Germany's occupation of Denmark
Rule of Denmark
Appointed Reich Commissioner during Germany's occupation of Denmark
Battle of Stalingrad
Claims the Luftwaffe can supply the encircled German army at Stalingrad by air
Death of Fritz Todt
Death of Fritz Todt, killed in an airplane crash
SS
Appointed SS-Hauptsturmfuhrer, Captain
Supreme Commander
Appointed Supreme Commander of the Army
Invasion of Russia
Commands the Soviet winter offensive, von Brauchitsch is dismissed
BBC Talks
Produces cultural and political broadcasts for Indian audiences.
Theres One Born Every Minute
Taylor appears in her first motion picture at the age of nine in Theres One Born Every Minute
Hatters Castle
Stars with Deborah Kerr and Robert Newton in Hatters Castle
In Which We Serve
Appears in In Which We Serve
In Which We Serve
Co-directs In Which We Serve with Noel Coward, moving from film editing into feature direction.
Looking Back on Spanish War
Orwell wrote Looking Back on the Spanish War, reflecting on propaganda and contested truth.
Rudyard Kipling Essay
Orwell published a critical essay considering Kipling's writing and the moral assumptions of empire.
The Rediscovery of Europe Broadcast
Orwell delivered a radio talk exploring literary connections across Europe.
Phoenix
Publication of "Phoenix"
Leader of House of Commons
Appointed Leader of the House of Commons
Minister of Supply
Appointed Minister of Supply, 2nd term
Minister of Production
Appointed Minister of Production
Lord Privy Seal
Appointed Lord Privy Seal
Board of Trade
Appointed President of the Board of Trade
President of Board of Trade
Appointed President of the Board of Trade
Deputy Prime Minister
Appointed Deputy Prime Minister, serves under Winston Churchill
Secretary of State for Dominion Affairs
Appointed Dominions Secretary
Leader of the House of Lords
Appointed Leader of the House of Lords, 1st term
The Unrelenting Struggle Published
Churchill published The Unrelenting Struggle, collecting speeches from a difficult phase of the Second World War.
The Truth About Soviet Russia
Publication of "The Truth About Soviet Russia"
Editor
Beaverbrook appoints Foot editor of the Evening Standard at the age of 28.
Daily Mirror Defence
Defends press freedom after government pressure against the Daily Mirror during wartime.
Member of Parliament
Appointed Member of National Independents
Scottish National Party
Professor Douglas Young, leader of the Scottish National Party from 1942 to 1945 campaigns for the Scottish people to refuse conscription and his activities were vilified as undermining the British war effort against the Axis powers, Young is imprisoned for refusing to be conscripted
Naval Radar Development
Hoyle contributed mathematical and theoretical work to British naval radar development.
Manhattan Project
Simon and Kurti develop gaseous-diffusion methods for separating uranium-235.
Oxford University
Simon and Kurti develop gaseous-diffusion methods for separating uranium-235.
Manhattan Project
Simon and Kurti develop gaseous-diffusion methods for separating uranium-235.
Oxford University
Simon and Kurti develop gaseous-diffusion methods for separating uranium-235.
Chief of Staff
Appointed Chief of Staff to Field Marshal Montgomery
Commander in Chief
Appointed Commander in Chief, Western Approaches
Commander in Chief
Appointed Commander of Air forces in India
Lieutenant Colonel
Appointed Lieutenant Colonel
Chiefs of Staff
Appointed Member of Combined-Chiefs of Staff
Joint Staff Mission (JSM)
Appointed Member of Joint-Staff-Mission
Joint Chiefs of Staff
Appointed Member of Joint Chiefs-of-Sraff
Joint Chiefs of Staff
Appointed Member of Joint Chiefs-of-Sraff
Joint-Staff-Mission
Appointed Member of Joint-Staff-Mission
Commander in Chief
Commands forces in Persia & Iraq
Joint-Staff-Mission
Appointed Member of Joint-Staff-Mission
Supreme Commander
Appointed Supreme Commander of Allied forces in the Southwest Pacific
Chairman
Appointed Chairman of the Chiefs of Staff Committee
Commander in Chief
Appointed Commander in Chief of Malta
Joint Chiefs of Staff
Appointed Member of Joint Chiefs-of-Sraff
Manhattan Project
Simon and Kurti develop gaseous-diffusion methods for separating uranium-235.
Oxford University
Simon and Kurti develop gaseous-diffusion methods for separating uranium-235.
Fish Cipher Statistics
Applies statistical analysis to the Fish cipher problem, influencing later mechanised attacks on Lorenz traffic.
Turingery
Develops a statistical technique later called Turingery for attacking German Lorenz teleprinter cipher traffic.
Manhattan Project
Simon and Kurti develop gaseous-diffusion methods for separating uranium-235.
Oxford University
Simon and Kurti develop gaseous-diffusion methods for separating uranium-235.
Operation Overlord
The planning process was started in earnest after the Casablanca and Tehran Conferences with the appointment of British Lieutenant General Frederick E. Morgan as Chief of Staff to the Supreme Allied Commander
Enigma Machine
Leads Hut 8 work on the four-rotor Naval Enigma problem during the Shark blackout.
Enigma Machine
Works in Hut 8 on German Naval Enigma and contributes to the attack on four-rotor Shark traffic.
Siege of St Nazaire
Helps plan the raid of St Nazaire
Battle of the Atlantic
Commands Western Approaches during the Battle of the Atlantic from Liverpool.
Fighter Command
Leigh-Mallory replaces Sholto Douglas as head of Fighter Command and is promoted to Air Marshal
Pathfinder Force
Creates a "pathfinder force" that flies ahead of bombing raids to mark targets
Intelligence Corps
Joins British signals intelligence as a captain in the Intelligence Corps.
Chief of Staff
Appointed Chief of Staff to Field Marshal Montgomery
Commander in Chief
Appointed Commander in Chief, Western Approaches
Commander in Chief
Appointed Commander of Air forces in India
Dieppe Raid
Fighter Command operated 50 squadrons in close cover and six in close support. Losses during the ill-fated raid were again heavy, partly because of the superiority of the new German fighter, the Fw 190, over RAFs Spitfire Mark Vs. Apppointed air commander for the Dieppe Raid
Fighter Command
Fighter Command operated 50 squadrons in close cover and six in close support. Losses during the ill-fated raid were again heavy, partly because of the superiority of the new German fighter, the Fw 190, over RAFs Spitfire Mark Vs
Siege of Dieppe
Fighter Command operated 50 squadrons in close cover and six in close support. Losses during the ill-fated raid were again heavy, partly because of the superiority of the new German fighter, the Fw 190, over RAFs Spitfire Mark Vs. Apppointed air commander for the Dieppe Raid
Dismissal
Releived of Command of the Eighth Army by Auchinleck after the fall of Tobruk
Retreat to El Alamein
After Tobruk falls to Axis forces, Ritchie's Eighth Army retreats eastward toward El Alamein.
Capture of Mareth Line
Leads the Eighth Armys advance across the Mareth Line
Capture of Tripoli
Leads the Eighth Armys advance along the coast road from Benghazi to Tripoli
Invasion of Sicily
Captures the Western beachead in the Eighth Armys landind in Sicily
H2S Radar
Works on airborne radar for navigation and bombing.
Bletchley Park
Works in wartime intelligence after earlier service in the Royal Artillery.
Lorenz Cipher
Works on intelligence derived from the German Lorenz high-command teleprinter cipher.
Testery
Joins the Testery research team in Block F at Bletchley Park.
Lieutenant Colonel
Appointed Lieutenant Colonel
Chiefs of Staff
Appointed Member of Combined-Chiefs of Staff
Joint Staff Mission (JSM)
Appointed Member of Joint-Staff-Mission
Joint Chiefs of Staff
Appointed Member of Joint Chiefs-of-Sraff
Joint Chiefs of Staff
Appointed Member of Joint Chiefs-of-Sraff
Joint-Staff-Mission
Appointed Member of Joint-Staff-Mission
Battle of the Atlantic
Leads escort operations connected with Liverpool and the Western Approaches command.
Bodyguard
Launches an operation to mislead the Germans about the Allied Invasion Plans
International Agreement at Washington
Agrees with Roosevelt that it will be impossible to open a 2nd Front in Europe in 1943
Invasion of Asia
Japanese invasion, "The greatest disaster in the history of the British Empire"
Invasion of Europe
Agrees with Roosevelt, it will be impossible to open a 2nd Front in Europe in 1943
Operation Overlord
Churchill unofficially informs the Soviets in a memorandum handed to Soviet Foreign Secretary Vyacheslav Molotov that the resources necessary for an invasion were lacking in 1942
Operation Overlord
In a joint statement with Soviet Union Communist Party General Secretary Joseph Stalin and United States President Franklin D. Roosevelt, Churchill had announces a "full understanding" with regard to the urgent tasks of creating a Second Front in Europe.
Operation Overlord
The planning process was started in earnest after the Casablanca and Tehran Conferences with the appointment of British Lieutenant General Frederick E. Morgan as Chief of Staff to the Supreme Allied Commander.
Operation Overlord
Two preliminary proposals were drawn up: Operation Sledgehammer, for an invasion in 1942, and Operation Roundup, for a larger attack in 1943, which was adopted and became Operation Overlord, although it was delayed until 1944.
Operation Roundup
Two preliminary proposals were drawn up: Operation Sledgehammer, for an invasion in 1942, and Operation Roundup, for a larger attack in 1943, which was adopted and became Operation Overlord, although it was delayed until 1944
Operation Sledgehammer
Two preliminary proposals were drawn up: Operation Sledgehammer, for an invasion in 1942, and Operation Roundup, for a larger attack in 1943, which was adopted and became Operation Overlord, although it was delayed until 1944
Persuades Roosevelt to invade North Africa rather than France
Persuades Roosevelt to invade North Africa rather than France. Informs Stalin there will be no 2nd front in Europe this year. Informs Stalin that there should be an attack in South East Europe in 1943
Radio Propaganda
Develops radio material intended to weaken confidence in the Nazi regime.
Desert Service
Healey serves in North Africa during the Allied campaign against Axis forces.
North African Campaign
Healey sees active service in the North African campaign against Axis forces.
Retirement
Retires drom the RAF
Bombing of Cologne
Cologne is bombed at night by over 1,000 bombers
Commander in Chief
Commands forces in Persia & Iraq
Peerage
Created Baron Dowding of Bentley Priory
Joint-Staff-Mission
Appointed Member of Joint-Staff-Mission
Invasion of Burma
Chiang Kai-Shek sends Stilwell to join up with Alexander at Maymyo
Siege of Rangoon
Abandons Rangoon to the Japanese
Supreme Commander
Appointed Supreme Commander of Allied forces in the Southwest Pacific
George Cross
Awards the George Cross to the Island of Malta
Chairman
Appointed Chairman of the Chiefs of Staff Committee
Commander in Chief
Appointed Commander in Chief of Malta
Joint Chiefs of Staff
Appointed Member of Joint Chiefs-of-Sraff
Prime Minister of Hungary
Attempts to extricate Hungary from the Nazi alliance but is imprisoned in 1944
Manhattan Project
Robert Oppenheimer convenes a summer conference at the University of California, Berkeley to discuss the design of a fission bomb, Edward Teller brings up the possibility of a hydrogen bomb as a major point of discussion.
Manhattan Project
Theorists Hans Bethe, John Van Vleck, Edward Teller, Felix Bloch, Emil Konopinski, Robert Serber, Stanley S. Frankel, and Eldred C. Nelson (the latter three all former students of Oppenheimer) quickly confirm that a fission bomb is feasible.
Marriage
Marries Feroze Gandhi.
Quit India Movement
Indira Gandhi participates in Congress politics as the Quit India Movement challenges British rule.
Arrest of Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi
Gandi is imprisoned, goes on hunger strike
Council of Scientific and Industrial Research
Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar becomes the founding director of CSIR and begins building a national network of scientific laboratories.
Arrest of Achmed Sukarno
Released by the Japanese
Chicago Pile Control System
Develops and supervises the control strategy for Chicago Pile-1 using neutron-absorbing rods to regulate the approach to criticality safely.
Chicago Pile Design
Directs the design of a graphite and uranium lattice whose geometry and purity are calculated to permit a controlled self-sustaining chain reaction.
Metallurgical Laboratory Work
Moves his reactor research to the Metallurgical Laboratory in Chicago and directs the experimental programme leading toward a critical pile.
Dvises Hitler to make peace with Russia & concentrate against Britain &
dvises Hitler to make peace with Russia & concentrate against Britain & America
Invasion of Libya
Italy's invasion of Libya is thwarted by Britain who decode messages from Rome
Commander in Chief
Appointed Commander in Chief, 3rd Fleet
Commander of First Army
Appointed Commander of the First Army Group in Manchuria
First Army
Appointed Commander of the First Army Group in Manchuria
Commander of Pacific Fleet
Appointed Commander of the Central Pacific Fleet
Battle of Midway
Fights at the Battle of Midway
Commander in Chief
Appointed Commander in Chief, 3rd Fleet
Capture of Japan
Provides air cover for the capture of the Dutch East Indies
Commander of First Army
Appointed Commander of the First Army Group in Manchuria
First Army
Appointed Commander of the First Army Group in Manchuria
Capture of Manila
Captures Manila. Allows the Allies time to withdraw & consolidate behind the Bataan-Corregidor line
Dismissal
Dismissed for breing too pro-western
Commander of Pacific Fleet
Appointed Commander of the Central Pacific Fleet
Battle of Midway
Commands the battleship Kirishima
Battle of Midway
Commands the Midway Occupation Force
Minister of National Defence
Appointed Minister of National Defence
Minister of National Defence
Appointed Minister of National Defence
Declaration of War
Declares war on the Axis powers
Secretary
Appointed 2nd Secretary in the Dutch Foreign Office
Runaround
Publication of "Runaround"
Jelgalla Punitive Mine
Shalamov was transferred to the punitive mine at Jelgalla, another experience reflected in his camp literature.
Russian War Debate
Balances anti-Bolshevism with support for Russia against Germany.
Commander in Chief
Appointed Commander of Russian forces opposing the German 6th Army
Commander of Black Sea Front
Appointed Commander of the Black Sea Front
Commander of Stalingrad
Appointed Commander of Stalingrad
Deputy Supreme Commander
Appointed Deputy Supreme Commander in Chief by Stalin
Soviet Government Pledges Joint Victory
Stalin's government supported the Allied pledge to employ resources against Axis powers rather than seek a separate peace.
Soviet Union Signs Allied Declaration
The Soviet Union joined the January Declaration by United Nations, pledging cooperation against the Axis powers.
Stalin Supports Allied War Coordination
Stalin maintained cooperation with Britain and the United States under the wartime United Nations alliance.
Commander of Black Sea Front
Appointed Commander of the Black Sea Front
Commander of Stalingrad Front
Appointed Commander of Stalingrad
Operation Overlord
Churchill unofficially informs the Soviets in a memorandum handed to Soviet Foreign Secretary Vyacheslav Molotov that the resources necessary for an invasion were lacking in 1942
Deputy Supreme Commander
Appointed Deputy Supreme Commander in Chief by Stalin
Battle of Stalingrad
The Russians outflank & encircle the German 6th, 9th & 4th Panzer Armies. Commands Russian forces on the Don River Front
Field Marshal
Appointed Commander of the Russian forces opposing the German 6th Army
Siege of Sevastopol
Defends Sevastopol for several months before it is captured by the Germans
Siege of Stalingrad
Commands the south western forces
Stalingrad Front Political Work
Works with Soviet military commanders during the defense and counteroffensive around Stalingrad.
Front-Line Political Administration
Serves in political administration supporting Soviet forces fighting on the southern sector of the Eastern Front.
Strike
War Measure 145 is introduced to prohibit strikes by Africans
Completes BA Degree
Finishes his undergraduate degree while living in Johannesburg.
UNISA Bachelor of Arts
Completes his Bachelor of Arts through UNISA.
Begins Attending ANC Meetings
Begins attending African National Congress meetings informally.
Early ANC Involvement
Develops closer involvement with African nationalist politics.
Death of James Hertzog
Death of James Hertzog
Battle of Tobruk
Taken prisoner at the Battle of Tobruk
Trial
Convicted of the murder of Leon Trotsky & sentenced to 20 yrs
Alfven Waves
Predicts waves travelling through magnetized electrically conducting fluids.
Magnetohydrodynamic Waves
Establishes a central phenomenon in plasma physics and space science.
The Magnificent Ambersons
Directs, "The Magnificent Ambersons"
Academy Award
Winner of the Academy Award for Best Direction for Mrs. Miniver
Mrs. Miniver
Directs, Mrs. Miniver
Black Friar of the Flame
Asimov published Black Friar of the Flame, an early space adventure demonstrating his developing narrative style.
Foundation Serial Begins
Asimov began publishing Foundation stories in Astounding Science Fiction, establishing a future history of galactic decline.
Capitol Records
Mercer founds Capitol Records, the 1st West Coast label
Governor
Appointed Governor of New York State, 1st term
United States Army Enlistment
Shaw enlisted in the United States Army in 1942 during the Second World War.
The Problem of the Expanding Universe
Hubble publishes The Problem of the Expanding Universe, assessing the observational evidence for cosmic expansion and the uncertainties that remained in interpreting galaxy redshifts.
Graphite Reactor Design Work
Contributes reactor theory and neutron-economy calculations to early plutonium-production reactor designs.
Uranium Enrichment Methods
The Manhattan Project commits to parallel development of electromagnetic and gaseous-diffusion methods for large-scale uranium isotope separation.
Chicago Pile Neutron Detectors
Builds and monitors neutron detectors used during Chicago Pile-1 experiments.
SCR-584 Radar
Helps develop precise microwave tracking radar for anti-aircraft use.
Chief of General Staff
Appointed Chief of General Staff, chief of the war plans division
Commander in Chief
Appointed Commander in Chief
Commander of Alied Forces Northwest Africa
Appointed Commander of Allied forces in Northwest Africa
Joint Chiefs of Staff
Appointed Member of Joint Chiefs of Staff
Commander of 2nd Corps
Appointed Commander of II Corps
Commander of Western Tank Force
Appointed Commander of the Western Task Force during the North African Landings
Joint Chiefs of Staff
Appointed Member of Joint Chiefs of Staff
Joint Chiefs of Staff
Appointed Member of Joint Chiefs of Staff
Director
Appointed Director of War Mobilization
Commander of US Forces in China, Burma and India
Appointed Commander of US forces in China, Burma & India
Joint Chiefs of Staff
Appointed Member of Joint Chiefs of Staff
Commander of Tenth Corps
Appointed Commander of Tenth Corps
Joint Chiefs of Staff
Appointed Member of Joint Chiefs of Staff
US Biological Warfare Programme Authorized
Authorizes an American biological warfare programme during the Second World War while emphasizing retaliatory preparedness.
Manhattan Project
Arthur Compton organizes the University of Chicago Metallurgical Laboratory in early 1942 to study plutonium and fission piles (primitive nuclear reactors)
Manhattan Project
Theorists Hans Bethe, John Van Vleck, Edward Teller, Felix Bloch, Emil Konopinski, Robert Serber, Stanley S. Frankel, and Eldred C. Nelson (the latter three all former students of Oppenheimer) quickly confirm that a fission bomb is feasible
Manhattan Project
Theorists Hans Bethe, John Van Vleck, Edward Teller, Felix Bloch, Emil Konopinski, Robert Serber, Stanley S. Frankel, and Eldred C. Nelson (the latter three all former students of Oppenheimer) quickly confirm that a fission bomb is feasible
Manhattan Project
Groves appoints Oppenheimer to head the project's secret weapons laboratory. Theorists Hans Bethe, John Van Vleck, Edward Teller, Felix Bloch, Emil Konopinski, Robert Serber, Stanley S. Frankel, and Eldred C.
Manhattan Project
Nelson (the latter three all former students of Oppenheimer) quickly confirm that a fission bomb is feasible.
Manhattan Project
Oppenheimer and Robert Serber of the University of Illinois work on the problems of neutron diffusion (how neutrons moved in the chain reaction) and hydrodynamics (how the explosion produced by the chain reaction might behave). Arthur Compton asks theoretical physicist J.
Manhattan Project
Robert Oppenheimer convenes a summer conference at the University of California, Berkeley to discuss the design of a fission bomb, Edward Teller brings up the possibility of a hydrogen bomb as a major point of discussion.
Manhattan Project
Robert Oppenheimer of the University of California, Berkeley to take over research on fast neutron calculations-key to calculations about critical mass and weapon detonation
Manhattan Project
Oppenheimer and Robert Serber of the University of Illinois work on the problems of neutron diffusion (how neutrons moved in the chain reaction) and hydrodynamics (how the explosion produced by the chain reaction might behave).
Manhattan Project
Theorists Hans Bethe, John Van Vleck, Edward Teller, Felix Bloch, Emil Konopinski, Robert Serber, Stanley S. Frankel, and Eldred C. Nelson (the latter three all former students of Oppenheimer) quickly confirm that a fission bomb is feasible.
Manhattan Project
Groves appoints Oppenheimer to head the project's secret weapons laboratory. From 1942-1946 under the control of the US Army Corps of Engineers, under the administration of General Leslie R. Groves
Manhattan Project
The scientific research is directed by American physicist J. Robert Oppenheimer
Metallurgical Laboratory Reactor Program
Directs the Metallurgical Laboratory program seeking a controlled uranium-graphite neutron chain reaction.
Chief of General Staff
Appointed Chief of General Staff, chief of the war plans division
Commander in Chief
Appointed Commander in Chief
Commander of Alied Forces Northwest Africa
Appointed Commander of Allied forces in Northwest Africa
Operation Roundup
Opposes Churhills invasion of north Africa claiming it will jeopardise Roundup
Operation Sledgehammer
The US wish to relieve pressure on Russia by attacking the Pas de Calais in the summer
Alliance United States and partner not stated in source
Responsible within the Operations Division of the War Dept for the "US point of view"
Joint Chiefs of Staff
Appointed Member of Joint Chiefs of Staff
Battle of Luzon
Defends the eastern part of Luzon
Commander of 2nd Corps
Appointed Commander of II Corps
Commander of Western Tank Force
Appointed Commander of the Western Task Force during the North African Landings
Joint Chiefs of Staff
Appointed Member of Joint Chiefs of Staff
Joint Chiefs of Staff
Appointed Member of Joint Chiefs of Staff
Director
Appointed Director of War Mobilization
Mobilization
Appointed Director of War Mobilization
Commander of US Forces in China, Burma and India
Appointed Commander of US forces in China, Burma & India
Battle of Kasserine
Defeated by Rommel in Tunisia
Battle of Wadi Bou Zid
As Commander of the II US Corps in Tunisia defeated by Rommel
Battle of Midway
Commands the Enterprise-Hornet force
Joint Chiefs of Staff
Appointed Member of Joint Chiefs of Staff
Commander of Tenth Corps
Appointed Commander of Tenth Corps
X Corps
Appointed Commander of Tenth Corps
Manhattan Project
From 1942-1946 under the control of the US Army Corps of Engineers, under the administration of General Leslie R. Groves
Manhattan Project
The scientific research is directed by American physicist J. Robert Oppenheimer
Joint Chiefs of Staff
Appointed Member of Joint Chiefs of Staff
Home South American Championship
Varela contributes attacking quality as Uruguay wins every match at the 1942 South American Championship on home soil.
Early Continental Championship Success
Varela is part of Uruguay's triumphant 1942 South American Championship team, years before he becomes captain of the 1950 world champions.
Arrest of Ho Chi-Minh
Released by Chang Fa-kwei with when he forms part of a mutual alliance
Vietnam Revolutionary League
Appointed Head of the Vietnam Revolutionary League, a nationalist organisation
Vietnam Revolutionary League
Sets up by the Chinese as head of the Vietnam Revolutionary League
Cao Bang Bases
Builds early guerrilla bases among upland communities
Wartime Commentary
West continued political and cultural journalism during the Second World War.
The Conquest of Time
Wells published The Conquest of Time, reflecting on historical development.
Military Officer Training
Solzhenitsyn trained as an artillery officer while maintaining literary ambitions.
Writes for Aufbau
Arendt contributed political essays to the German Jewish newspaper Aufbau.
Churchill Endorses United Nations Declaration
Churchill joins the Allied commitment to cooperate against Axis powers through the Declaration by United Nations.
Churchill Supports No Separate Peace Pledge
The Allied declaration commits participating governments to avoid making a separate peace with their common enemies.
Eden Develops Allied Postwar Planning
Eden works within the growing Allied diplomatic framework that is influenced by the charter's promises.