Canadian Citizenship Act
Helps introduce distinct Canadian citizenship.
Historical events in 1947
710 historical records
January 194738 historical events
Constitution Promulgated
Promulgates the new Constitution of the Republic of China, which is scheduled to take effect later in the year.
Nationalisation of Coal
The National Coal Board assumes ownership of Britain's coal mines on Vesting Day.
Nationalisation of Cable and Wireless
Cable and Wireless enters public ownership under the postwar nationalisation programme.
Nationalization
The coal industry is nationalised
Occupation
The American and British occupation zones in Germany are economically joined together
President of Switzerland
Begins a one-year term as President of the Swiss Confederation.
Atomic Energy Commission
The United States Atomic Energy Commission (AEC) is an agency of the United States Government established after World War II by Congress to foster and control the peacetime development of atomic science and technology
Coal Vesting Day
On 1 January 1947 the National Coal Board took over coal mines under the nationalisation programme overseen by the Labour government.
Nationalised Pits Open
Nationalisation transferred the principal coal mines into a single publicly owned organisation managed by the National Coal Board.
Milch Trial Opens
Military Tribunal II opened the trial of former Luftwaffe Field Marshal Erhard Milch.
Speight Serves as Alternate Judge for Milch Case
Speight served as the designated alternate for Military Tribunal II, available to replace a sitting judge if illness or incapacity interrupted the Milch Case.
Toms Presides as Milch Trial Opens
Toms presided as the Milch Case began, placing former Luftwaffe field marshal Erhard Milch before Military Tribunal II on forced-labour and wartime responsibility charges.
Phillips Takes Seat on Milch Tribunal
Phillips took his place as a member of Military Tribunal II when proceedings opened against Erhard Milch at the Palace of Justice.
Musmanno Begins Service in Milch Case
Musmanno began hearing the Milch prosecution as one of the three sitting judges responsible for evaluating testimony, documentary evidence and the defendant's legal responsibility.
Inauguration
1st sworn in as member of Congress, 18th Congress
Doctors Trial Typhus Vaccine Evidence Presented
The prosecution presents evidence on typhus and vaccine experiments carried out on concentration-camp prisoners under coercive conditions.
Peace Mediation
The Marshall Mission ends as American mediation fails to reconcile the Nationalists and Communists.
Birth of David Robert Jones
Birth of David Robert Jones, later known professionally as David Bowie.
Doctors Trial Biological Warfare Evidence Presented
The prosecution examines alleged biological-warfare research and the involvement of medical officials in experimentation on prisoners.
Doctors Trial Euthanasia Evidence Presented
Evidence is presented on the Nazi euthanasia programme and the killing of patients and other persons classified as unfit to live.
Pohl Trial Indictment
Pohl and other WVHA officials were indicted for war crimes, crimes against humanity and SS membership.
President of France
Appointed President of France
Death of Helmuth von Pannwitz
Hanged in Moscow for attrocities committed behind the estaern fron in 1941
Execution
Hanged in Moscow for attrocities committed behind the estaern fron in 1941
Rule of Poland
The Polish elections, held on January 16, 1947, resulted in Polands official transformation to a communist state by 1949
Polish Election and Yalta Commitments
Poland holds elections under a Soviet-dominated political system, intensifying Western claims that Yalta's free-election commitments were not fulfilled.
Refuses to place South West Africa under United Nations trusteeship
Refuses to place South West Africa under United Nations trusteeship
Clayton Public School Enrollment
Lee enrolled at Clayton Public School on January 27, 1947, and completed first grade there with generally good marks.
Birth of David Byron
Birth of David Byron
General Election - General Election
Monje Gutierrez organises the election that returns Bolivia to constitutional government.
General Election Election Outcome
General election outcome recorded for Tomas Monje Gutierrez: Monje Gutierrez organises the election that returns Bolivia to constitutional government.
General Election Government
Government context for this general election: Monje Gutierrez organises the election that returns Bolivia to constitutional government.
General Election
Monje Gutierrez organises the election that returns Bolivia to constitutional government.
Presidential Inauguration
Monje Gutierrez oversees Hertzog's inauguration and ends the interim administration.
Transfer of Power
Hertzog receives power after the interim government organises the 1947 election.
Resignation of Shigeru Yoshida
A strike campaign by Government workers causes the end of the Yoshida cabinet
Executive Council Leadership
Leads the interim Executive Council during independence negotiations
February 194753 historical events
Departs on HMS Vanguard for South Africa to help Jan Smuts against
Departs on HMS Vanguard for South Africa to help Jan Smuts against the Nationalist Party
Visit to Portsmouth
Embarks on the HMS Vanguard for royal state visit to South Africa & Rhodesia. Elizabeth IIs 1st trip outside the British Isles
George V departs to South Africa to help Smuts against the Nationalist
George V departs to South Africa to help Smuts against the Nationalist Party
Great Britain Football Team
Great Britain joins together to form a football team, which Hardwick captained and led to victory (61) against the rest of Europe
Karl Brandt Testifies in Doctors Trial
Karl Brandt took the stand in his own defence and addressed his authority in the German medical system, euthanasia policy and allegations concerning human experimentation.
Karl Brandt Defence Case Begins
Brandt begins his defence against charges involving medical experiments, euthanasia policy and responsibility within the Nazi health system.
Birth of David Russell Gordon Davies
Birth of David Russell Gordon Davies
Speer Gives Sworn Interrogation for Milch Case
Speer was examined under oath in connection with the Milch Case, answering questions about Milch's position, armaments administration, labour matters and wartime organizational relationships.
Second Olafur Thors Government
The Second Olafur Thors Government ends, concluding this term as Prime Minister of Iceland.
Stefan Johann Stefansson Government
Begins the Stefan Johann Stefansson Government and serves as Prime Minister of Iceland.
Prime Minister of Iceland
Appointed Prime Minister of Iceland
Formation of Second Rifai Government
Al-Rifai formed his second government after Jordan had achieved independence in 1946. He served as prime minister while also holding the foreign affairs and defense portfolios.
Hippke Testifies in Milch Defence
Former Luftwaffe medical inspector Erich Hippke gives defence evidence concerning medical administration and responsibility for wartime experiments.
Gutzeit Testifies on Karl Brandt Medical Reputation
Gutzeit testified about Karl Brandt's professional standing and discussed wartime medical administration in support of the lead defendant's case.
Lammers Testifies for Karl Brandt Defence
Lammers gave evidence about Karl Brandt's access to Hitler, governmental responsibilities and the administrative setting in which Brandt exercised medical authority.
Prime Minister of Poland
Appointed Prime Minister of Poland, 1st term
Peace Treaty
Peace treaty with Italy confirms Albanian sovereignty after World War Two
Richter Testifies in Milch Case
Karl Richter appears for the defence as the Milch proceedings examine responsibility for aviation medicine and forced labour.
Handloser Defence Case Begins
Handloser's defence addresses command responsibility within the German armed forces medical service and his connection to wartime experimentation.
Handloser Testifies on Military Medical Command
Handloser testified about the structure of the armed-forces medical service and disputed that his senior position gave him operational control over every experimental programme.
Neff Appears in Milch Trial
Walter Neff gives evidence in the Milch Case concerning matters already examined in connection with concentration-camp medical experiments.
Panglong Agreement
Secures agreement with Shan Kachin and Chin leaders for a future Burmese Union
Ruff Testifies in Milch Case
Siegfried Ruff is called in the Milch defence to address aviation research and questions surrounding high-altitude experimentation.
Harding Named Alternate Judge of Tribunal III
Harding was named alternate judge for the Justice Case, providing the tribunal with a replacement member if one of the regular judges became unable to continue.
Marshall Appointed Presiding Judge of Tribunal III
Marshall was designated presiding judge of Military Tribunal III, the court constituted to hear the Justice Case against judges and Justice Ministry officials.
Brand Appointed Judge of Tribunal III
Brand was appointed a member of Military Tribunal III and joined the judicial panel created to hear the prosecution of Nazi-era legal officials.
Blair Appointed Judge of Tribunal III
Blair received appointment to Military Tribunal III, giving him responsibility for hearing evidence about the use of German courts as instruments of persecution.
Speer Testifies for Milch Defence
Albert Speer testifies about Milch's wartime position, armaments administration and relations within the German war economy.
Visit to Cape Town
Arrives at Duncan Dock received by the Governor of General, Prime Minister & the Cabinet. 1st time a reigning British Sovereign had step foot on South African soil
Wuerfler Testifies for Handloser Defence
Wuerfler described the armed-forces medical hierarchy and offered evidence intended to define the practical limits of Handloser's command authority.
Wolff Testifies in Milch Case
Karl Wolff appears as a defence witness while the Tribunal considers Milch's connections with senior Nazi and SS officials.
Hartleben Testifies on Handloser Command Structure
Hartleben testified about reporting relationships within German military medicine and the channels through which research and administrative decisions were communicated.
Bernhard Schmidt Testifies on Military Medical Organization
Schmidt explained military medical organization and responsibilities, supplying the Tribunal with evidence relevant to the defence of Siegfried Handloser.
Rostock Testifies on Medical Research Administration
Rostock described his work in medical research administration and challenged the prosecution's claim that his office coordinated criminal experiments on concentration-camp prisoners.
Rostock Defence Case Begins
Rostock opens his defence against allegations concerning the organisation and coordination of criminal medical research.
Independence of Great Britain
Agrees to grant Indian independence no later than 1948
Independence of India
Agrees to grant Indian independence no later than 1948
Withdrawal Negotiations
Informs the US Britain cannot afford to keep troops in Greece and will withdraw by April
Christensen Testifies for Rostock Defence
Christensen gave evidence about the Office for Medical Science and Research and supported Rostock's argument that the organization did not centrally direct criminal experiments.
Schroeder Testifies on Luftwaffe Medical Service
Schroeder testified about Luftwaffe medical responsibilities, research requests and his knowledge of experiments involving seawater, aviation medicine and infectious disease.
Schroeder Defence Case Begins
Schroeder's defence examines his Luftwaffe medical responsibilities and the evidence connecting him to experiments on concentration-camp prisoners.
Karlstetter Testifies in Rostock Defence
Karlstetter testified about administrative matters surrounding Rostock's office and supplied evidence concerning its daily work and personnel relationships.
Jentsch Testifies for Schroeder Defence
Jentsch described Luftwaffe medical administration and offered testimony concerning Schroeder's responsibilities, communications and involvement in wartime research programmes.
Augustinick Testifies on Luftwaffe Medical Work
Augustinick gave evidence about Luftwaffe medical operations and sought to clarify how research proposals and orders moved through the service during Schroeder's tenure.
Genzken Testifies on Waffen SS Medical Authority
Genzken explained the organization of Waffen-SS medical services and responded to allegations linking his command position with experiments performed on prisoners.
Genzken Defence Case Begins
Genzken begins answering charges arising from his senior medical role in the Waffen-SS and alleged participation in experimentation.
Witt Testifies for Schroeder Defence
Witt appeared for Schroeder's defence and provided evidence about the administrative context of Luftwaffe medical work examined by the Tribunal.
Citizenship
Takes the oath of allegiance & becomes a British subject
Normanton By-Election
Contests the Normanton by-election as a Conservative candidate but is not elected.
Offers to return to Britain from the tour of South Africa
Offers to return to Britain from the tour of South Africa, but Attlee refuses
Opens the new session of Parliament in Cape Town
Opens the new session of Parliament in Cape Town
Rule of Mahabad
The Kurdish Republic of Mahabad falls under control of the Shah
Famine
Famine in the Ukraine, 1946-1947
March 194751 historical events
Secretary of State for Defence
Appointed Minister of Defence, 1st term, replaces Stalin in position
Raeder Testifies in Milch Case
Erich Raeder gives defence testimony concerning Milch's standing within the German leadership and wartime command structure.
Gebhardt Testifies on Ravensbrueck Experiments
Gebhardt defended the surgical experiments conducted at Ravensbrueck and described the medical reasoning he claimed lay behind wound-treatment and bone-transplant procedures.
Gebhardt Defence Case Begins
Gebhardt opens his defence concerning surgical experiments, SS medical authority and operations conducted on prisoners at Ravensbrueck.
Alliance Clement Richard Attlee Attlee, 1st and France
A treaty of alliance, the Treaty of Dunkirk, is signed with France
Treaty of Dunkirk
A treaty of alliance, the Treaty of Dunkirk, is signed with France
Justice Trial Opens
The Justice Case opened against former judges and Justice Ministry officials accused of using the legal system for persecution.
Leaves Paymaster General
Leaves the office of Paymaster General and is succeeded by Hilary Marquand.
Justice Case Tests Criminal Use of Courts
The Justice Case examines whether judges and ministry officials used legal institutions as instruments of persecution and unlawful punishment.
Death of Josef Meisinger
Executed by the Polish authorities for war crimes
Execution
Executed by the Polish authorities for war crimes
President of Bolivia
Hertzog begins his constitutional presidency.
Birth of Avril Phaedra Campbell
Birth of Avril Phaedra Campbell
Pohl Trial Arraignment
Pohl and the other WVHA defendants were arraigned before Military Tribunal II.
Fischer Testifies on Experimental Surgery
Fischer testified about his work as Gebhardt's assistant and described his participation in surgical experiments carried out on women imprisoned at Ravensbrueck.
Fischer Defence Case Begins
Fischer begins his defence over his work as Gebhardt's assistant and his participation in experimental surgery on prisoners.
Milch Begins Personal Defence Testimony
Milch takes the stand in his own defence and addresses allegations involving forced labour and his responsibilities in the Luftwaffe war economy.
Kosmehl Testifies before Blome Defence
Kosmehl testified about medical research and administrative matters before Blome's own testimony began, providing background for the biological-warfare allegations.
Blome Defence Case Begins
Blome answers allegations involving biological warfare, medical research administration and the Nazi euthanasia programme.
North Atlantic Treaty Organisation (NATO)
Support free people who resist subjugation by armed minorities or outside pressure
North Atlantic Treaty Organisation (NATO)
Support free people who resist subjugation by armed minorities or outside pressure
Blome Testifies on Biological Warfare Research
Blome gave evidence about biological-warfare research, plague and vaccine work, while denying that he personally conducted criminal experiments on concentration-camp inmates.
Flick Trial Indictment
Flick and five executives were indicted for offences including slave labour, plunder and support for the SS.
Flick Amended Indictment Filed
An amended indictment refines the charges against Flick and five associates concerning forced labour, plunder and financial support for the SS.
Behl Testifies in Justice Case
Conrad Behl testifies as the prosecution develops its case concerning the use of German courts as instruments of political persecution.
Citizenship
Becomes Lieutenant Philip Mountbaten, RN
Prime Minister of Belgium
Appointed Prime Minister of Belgium, 3rd term
Siege of Yanan
Nationalist forces capture Yanโan, the principal Communist base, though Communist field forces avoid decisive destruction.
Camille Huysmans Government
The Camille Huysmans Government ends in Brussels, concluding this period as Prime Minister of Belgium.
Third and Fourth Spaak Governments
Begins the Third and Fourth Spaak Governments in Brussels and serves as Prime Minister of Belgium.
Pieck Testifies during Blome Defence
Pieck appeared during Blome's defence and gave evidence used to challenge parts of the prosecution's account of wartime medical and biological research.
Rudolf Brandt Defence Case Begins
Rudolf Brandt begins his defence concerning administrative support for SS medical programmes and correspondence handled for Heinrich Himmler.
Meine Testifies for Rudolf Brandt Defence
Meine described work within Himmler's staff and helped explain the administrative environment in which Rudolf Brandt handled correspondence concerning SS medical matters.
Rudolf Brandt Testifies on Himmler Correspondence
Rudolf Brandt described his administrative work for Heinrich Himmler and attempted to distinguish clerical transmission of orders from responsibility for the medical programmes discussed in correspondence.
Mrugowsky Testifies on SS Hygiene Institute
Mrugowsky testified about the Waffen-SS Hygiene Institute, vaccine research and his relationship to typhus, poison and other experiments examined by the prosecution.
Mrugowsky Defence Case Begins
Mrugowsky's defence addresses vaccine research, camp experiments and his leadership role in the Waffen-SS Hygiene Institute.
Seiler Testifies in Justice Case
Irene Seiler gives evidence about Nazi racial law enforcement and the human consequences of politically controlled judicial proceedings.
Ferber Testifies in Justice Case
Karl Ferber begins testimony concerning judicial practice under National Socialism and the operation of special political courts.
Horn Testifies in Mrugowsky Defence
Horn testified about medical and laboratory matters relevant to Mrugowsky's defence against allegations involving vaccines, poisons and the Waffen-SS Hygiene Institute.
Reform of Education
Fundemental Law of Education
February 28 Reinforcements
Orders Nationalist troops to Taiwan during the February 28 crisis; subsequent repression causes extensive civilian deaths and arrests.
Capture of Changchun
20,000 communist soldiers die in the process of capturing Changchun
Siege of Shaanxi
Nationalist forces launch a major offensive into Communist-held Shaanxi during renewed civil war.
Lear Tolstoy and the Fool
Publishes Lear, Tolstoy and the Fool.
CEPS
Founds the Central Economic Planning Staff
Doctrine of Truman Doctrine
The US announces the Truman Doctrine
Civil War
Survives a civil war that consolidates Colorado Party military influence.
Conference of Big Four
Russia demands $10 billion in reparations & control of the Ruhr, this is not agreed. A conference opens in Moscow to discuss the development of post-war Germany
Temporary Loss of Ukrainian Party Post
Leaves the Ukrainian party first-secretary post while remaining head of the republican government.
Independence of South Korea
Visits Chiang Kai-shek to gain support for the establishment of a Korean Government
Asian Relations Conference
A Tibetan delegation presents territorial concerns during the Asian Relations Conference.
April 194739 historical events
Accession of King Paul
Paul succeeds his brother George II as King of Greece.
Becomes Crown Prince
After King George II dies and Paul becomes king, Constantine becomes heir apparent to the Greek throne.
Oberheuser Testifies on Ravensbrueck Medical Work
Oberheuser described her duties at Ravensbrueck and answered evidence concerning treatment of prisoners subjected to wound, drug and surgical experiments.
Oberheuser Defence Case Begins
Oberheuser begins her defence concerning medical experiments performed on women imprisoned at Ravensbrueck.
Birth of Florian Schneider
Birth of Florian Schneider, later Kraftwerk co-founder and electronic sound innovator.
Death of Henry Ford
Death of Henry Ford
Pohl Trial Opens
The Pohl Case opened against officials of the SS Economic and Administrative Main Office.
Poppendick Testifies on SS Medical Administration
Poppendick testified about SS medical administration and denied exercising the degree of control over experimental programmes alleged by the prosecution.
Poppendick Defence Case Begins
Poppendick opens his defence against charges connected with SS racial institutions and criminal medical experimentation.
Birth of Stephen James Howe
Birth of Stephen James Howe, later Yes guitarist and key progressive rock figure.
Sievers Testifies on Ahnenerbe Medical Projects
Sievers gave evidence about Ahnenerbe research, its links with SS medical projects and the administrative chain behind experiments and the Jewish skeleton collection.
Doebig Testifies in Justice Case
Friedrich Doebig gives evidence on the transformation of German judicial institutions and pressures placed on judges under the Nazi regime.
Sievers Defence Case Begins
Sievers begins his defence over the Ahnenerbe's role in medical experiments and the Jewish skeleton collection project.
Birth of Fabian Ernesto Alarcon Rivera
Birth of Fabian Ernesto Alarcon Rivera
Borkenau Testifies during Sievers Defence
Borkenau testified during the Sievers case and supplied background evidence intended to assist the defence in interpreting the defendant's political and institutional circumstances.
May Testifies for Sievers Defence
May gave evidence concerning the Ahnenerbe and the institutional setting in which Sievers carried out administrative duties connected with research projects.
Topf Testifies on Sievers Activities
Topf gave evidence about Sievers's wartime activities and relationships, adding testimony to the defence case concerning the Ahnenerbe administrator.
Hielscher Testifies for Sievers Defence
Hielscher described his contacts with Sievers and provided personal and political evidence that the defence used to characterize Sievers's conduct under the Nazi regime.
Milch Trial Judgment Delivered
Military Tribunal II delivers judgment, acquitting Milch on medical-experiment allegations but convicting him on forced-labour charges.
Block Testifies for Gerhard Rose Defence
Block testified about infectious-disease research and professional circumstances relevant to Gerhard Rose's defence against charges connected with typhus and malaria experimentation.
Rose Defence Case Begins
Rose opens his defence concerning typhus research, vaccine testing and experiments carried out on concentration-camp prisoners.
Birth of Lee Kirslake
Birth of Lee Kirslake
Toms Presides over Milch Judgment
Toms presided when Military Tribunal II announced its judgment in the Milch Case after completing the evidentiary and argument stages of the trial.
Milch Trial Sentence
Milch was sentenced to life imprisonment after conviction on two counts.
Hoering Testifies on Rose Medical Research
Hoering discussed scientific work associated with Rose and addressed medical research practices that the defence argued were distinct from coercive camp experimentation.
Minister without Portfolio
Moves from the office of Lord Privy Seal to serve again as Minister without Portfolio.
Rose Testifies on Typhus and Malaria Research
Rose testified about infectious-disease research and defended his actions concerning typhus and malaria work that prosecutors connected with experimentation on prisoners.
Flick Trial Opens
The fifth Subsequent Nuremberg Proceeding opened against Friedrich Flick and five associates.
Flick Arraigned before Military Tribunal IV
Flick is arraigned with the other defendants and enters a plea as the industrialist prosecution moves into open court.
Dixon Serves as Alternate Judge in Flick Case
Dixon served as alternate judge for the Flick Tribunal, standing ready to preserve continuity of the trial if a regular member could no longer sit.
Sears Presides as Flick Trial Opens
Sears presided when the Flick Case opened against industrialist Friedrich Flick and five associates accused of wartime exploitation and support for criminal organizations.
Richman Joins Flick Tribunal
Richman joined the sitting judicial panel as the Flick proceedings commenced and the prosecution began presenting its case against the industrial defendants.
Christianson Takes Seat on Flick Tribunal
Christianson took his seat on the tribunal at the opening of the Flick Case and began hearing evidence concerning industrial conduct during the war.
Ruff Defence Case Begins
Ruff begins his defence regarding aviation medicine and the high-altitude experiments conducted at Dachau.
Ruff Testifies on High Altitude Research
Ruff described aviation-medicine research and sought to separate his scientific work from the lethal high-altitude experiments conducted on prisoners at Dachau.
JPS
Appointed as Joint Parliamentary Secretary to the Board of Agriculture and Fisheries
Parliamentary Private Secretary
Appointed PPS for Chancellor of the Exchequer Hugh Dalton
Berlin Land Routes Blocked
Soviet restrictions close major land routes into the Western sectors of Berlin.
Blockade of Berlin
The Russians blockade land routes to Berlin
May 194724 historical events
Romberg Testifies on Dachau Aviation Experiments
Romberg testified about his participation in aviation experiments and explained the role he claimed to have played during high-altitude research at Dachau.
IG Farben Trial Indictment
Krauch and other IG Farben executives were indicted for aggressive war, plunder, slave labour and related crimes.
Constitution of Japan
The new constitution takes effect
Weltz Testifies on Aviation Medicine Institute
Weltz described the Institute for Aviation Medicine and denied responsibility for criminal experimentation carried out outside the research activities he supervised.
Constitution Promulgated
Approves constitutional arrangements for a limited parliamentary monarchy
Hederich Testifies during Brack Defence
Hederich gave evidence about administrative and political matters relevant to Viktor Brack's role in the Chancellery and the programmes examined at trial.
Pfannmueller Testifies on Euthanasia Programme
Pfannmueller testified about the euthanasia programme and institutional medical practices, providing evidence during the defence phase of Viktor Brack's case.
Hostage Trial Indictment
List and other German commanders were indicted over reprisals, hostage killings and crimes in southeastern Europe.
Constitution
Promulgates the constitution of the Kingdom of Laos within the French Union
Brack Testifies on Euthanasia and Sterilization
Brack testified about his role in the Chancellery, the euthanasia programme and proposals for mass sterilization, while disputing aspects of the prosecution's account.
Aid
Senate votes funds for Greece & Turkey against communist insurgency
Marshall Plan
Senate votes funds for Greece & Turkey against communist insurgency
Rule of Greece
Senate votes funds for Greece & Turkey against communist insurgency
Rule of Turkey
Senate votes funds for Greece & Turkey against communist insurgency
Senate votes funds for Greece & Turkey against communist insurgency
Senate votes funds for Greece & Turkey against communist insurgency
Becker-Freyseng Testifies on Seawater Research
Becker-Freyseng described Luftwaffe research into making seawater drinkable and answered allegations concerning the design and approval of experiments at Dachau.
Death of Bruno Brauer
Death of Bruno Brauner, found guilty by a Greek Court of war crimes & executed
Execution
Found guilty by a Greek Court of war crimes & executed
Death of Freidrich-Wihelm Muller
Found guilty by a Greek Court of war crimes & executed
Execution
Found guilty by a Greek Court of war crimes & executed
NHS Scotland Act
Secures Scottish legislation for the new health service.
Prime Minister of Japan
Appointed Prime Minister of Japan
Debut
Mortensen makes his full England debut against Portugal and scores four goals in a 100 win
Jaeger Testifies for Becker-Freyseng Defence
Jaeger appeared for Becker-Freyseng and discussed aviation-medicine research and scientific questions associated with the defendant's work.
June 194725 historical events
Birth of Ronnie Wood
Birth of Ronnie Wood, later guitarist of the Rolling Stones.
Schaefer Testifies on Seawater Treatment Methods
Schaefer explained competing methods for treating seawater and denied that his scientific work made him responsible for coercive testing performed on prisoners.
Vollhardt Testifies in Schaefer Defence
Vollhardt testified during Schaefer's defence about scientific work on seawater treatment and the research context in which the competing methods were evaluated.
Dorn Testifies before Beiglboeck Defence
Dorn gave evidence concerning medical research and procedures relevant to the seawater experiments before Beiglboeck's own extended testimony began.
Marshall Plan
The US is prepared to finance European reconstruction
Beiglboeck Testifies on Dachau Seawater Experiments
Beiglboeck defended his conduct during the Dachau seawater experiments and addressed the treatment, observation and condition of the prisoners used as test subjects.
Trial
The death sentence is later commuted to life. Sentenced to death by a British Military Court for shooting 335 Italian civilians
Ivy Gives Expert Testimony on Human Experimentation
Ivy presented expert evidence on accepted medical research standards, voluntary consent and the ethical distinctions between legitimate experimentation and coercive testing on prisoners.
Tschofenig Testifies on Seawater Experiments
Tschofenig gave prosecution testimony concerning the Dachau seawater experiments and described conditions surrounding the prisoners who were used as experimental subjects.
Milch Sentence Affirmed by Military Governor
The United States Military Governor affirms Milch's life sentence after review of the judgment in the second Subsequent Nuremberg Proceeding.
Brand Becomes Presiding Judge of Tribunal III
Brand became presiding judge after Carrington Marshall was relieved because of illness, while Harding moved from alternate status to a full judicial seat.
Hoven Testifies on Buchenwald Medical Activity
Hoven testified about his duties at Buchenwald and answered charges involving typhus experiments, killings by injection and participation in the euthanasia programme.
Justice Case Defence Phase Addresses Rothaug
The defence phase begins as Rothaug and other judicial defendants answer allegations that courts were deliberately used for persecution and unlawful punishment.
Taft-Hartley Act
Congress overrides Truman's veto and enacts restrictions on union practices and strikes.
Legislation
The Taft-Hartley Act (also known as the Labor-Management Relations Act) is passed over the veto of Harry S. Truman, when it was passed by Congress Truman denounces it as a "slave-labor bill"
Taft-Hartley Act
The Taft-Hartley Act declares the closed shop illegal and permits the union shop only after a vote of a majority of the employees. The Taft-Hartley Act (also known as the Labor-Management Relations Act) is passed over the veto of Harry S.
Taft-Hartley Act
The Taft-Hartley Act enables the United States Attorney General the power to obtain an 80-day injunction when a threatened or actual strike that he/she believed "imperiled the national health or safety".
Taft-Hartley Act
The Taft-Hartley Act forbids jurisdictional strikes and secondary boycotts & allows the right of employers to be exempted from bargaining with unions unless they wish to.
Taft-Hartley Act
The Taft-Hartley Act forbids unions from contributing to political campaigns and requires union leaders to affirm they were not supporters of the Communist Party.
Taft-Hartley Act
Truman, when it was passed by Congress Truman denounces it as a "slave-labor bill"
Pokorny Testifies on Sterilization Proposal
Pokorny defended the memorandum in which he discussed a possible sterilization method and argued that he had not taken part in experiments on prisoners.
Death of Richard Bedford Bennett
Death of Richard Bedford Bennett
UEM
Launches the United Europe Movement
Speaker Appointed
Serves as Speaker of the Constituent Assembly during constitution drafting
Plan-Marshall Plan
Forces the Eastern block & Russia to reject the Marshall plan
July 194739 historical events
Altstoetter Defence Case Presented
Altstoetter's defence contests allegations arising from his Justice Ministry position and his membership in the SS.
Flick Defence Case Opens
The defence opens its case and Flick begins giving evidence about his companies, wartime labour practices and relations with Nazi institutions.
Cominform
Cominform (from Communist Information Bureau) is the common name for what is officially referred to as the Information Bureau of the Communist and Workers' Parties
Cominform
The Cominform has as its stated goal. "..to organize an exchange of experience, and where necessary to coordinate the activity of the Communist parties, on the basis of mutual agreement."
Cominform
The Cominform has its own newspaper, For Lasting Peace, for People's Democracy!
Cominform
The Cominform is based on the Comintern which was dissolved in 1942, it co-ordinates European Communist Parties
Cominform
The Cominform the first official forum of the International Communist Movement since the dissolution of the Comintern and confirmed the new realities after World War II, including the creation of an Eastern Bloc
Information Bureau of the Communist and Workers' Partie
Cominform (from Communist Information Bureau) is the common name for what is officially referred to as the Information Bureau of the Communist and Workers' Parties
Constitution of Venezuela
The Constitution of 1947 established universal suffrage and expanded democratic and social rights.
Marriage
George VI makes public his consent for Elizabrth to marry Prince Philip
Marriage
Philips engagement to Princess Elizabeth is announced from Buckingham Palace
Marriage
Philips engagement to Princess Elizabeth is announced from Buckingham Palace
Death of Sidney James Webb
Death of Sidney James Webb
Flick Cross-Examination Begins
Prosecutors begin cross-examining Flick about corporate decisions, forced labour, occupied property and payments connected with the SS.
Hostage Trial Opens
The Hostage Case opened before Military Tribunal V.
Oeschey Defence Evidence Presented
Oeschey's defence addresses his work in special courts and the prosecution's claim that judicial authority became an instrument of persecution.
Birth of Peter William Brockbanks
Birth of Peter William Brockbanks, later known as Peter Banks, original Yes guitarist.
Sterling Convertibility
Britain makes sterling convertible for current transactions under the Anglo-American loan agreement.
Russian Emigre Movement
Kerensky participates in russian emigre movement during his political career.
Wennerstrum Presides as Hostage Trial Opens
Wennerstrum presided when the Hostage Case opened against German commanders charged over reprisals, hostage killings and occupation warfare in southeastern Europe.
Carter Joins Hostage Tribunal
Carter joined the judicial panel at the start of the Hostage Case and participated in examining the legality of German occupation orders and reprisals.
Burke Takes Seat on Hostage Tribunal
Burke took his place on the Hostage Tribunal as the prosecution began presenting evidence about command responsibility and retaliatory measures against civilians.
Birth of Wolfgang Flur
Birth of Wolfgang Flur, later Kraftwerk electronic percussionist during the classic period.
Assassination of Aung San
Assassinated with members of his Executive Council by gunmen linked to U Saw
Assassination of Aung San
Aung San is killed while chairing a meeting before independence
Death of Aung San
Death of Aung San in the Secretariat assassination attack
Martyrs Day
Assassination of Aung San and ministers later commemorated as Martyrs Day
Assassination of Aung San
Assassinated alongside 7 of his ministers by a political rival
Death of Aung San
Assassinated alongside 7 of his ministers by a political rival
Birth of Bernie Leadon
Birth of Bernie Leadon, later founding guitarist, banjo player and country-rock influence in Eagles.
Schacht Testifies in Flick Trial
Hjalmar Schacht appears as a defence witness during the industrialist trial and gives evidence concerning German economic policy and Flick's position.
Birth of Don Henley
Birth of Don Henley, later founding drummer, vocalist and songwriter with Eagles.
Einsatzgruppen Trial Indictment
Ohlendorf and other Einsatzgruppen leaders were indicted for mass murder, war crimes and crimes against humanity.
Steinbrinck Begins Flick Trial Testimony
Otto Steinbrinck takes the stand in his defence and addresses his corporate activities and links with SS financial circles.
Marriage
Give consent under the Royal Marriages Act for Elizabet to marry the Duke of Edinburgh
Premier Appointed
Becomes head of the interim government after Aung San is assassinated
Comecon
Orders communist-dominated Governments to pull out of the Paris Conference on the European Recovery Programme
Conference of European Recovery Programme
Orders communist-dominated Governments to pull out of the Paris Conference on the European Recovery Programme
Marshall Plan
The Marshall Plan Conference is held in Paris, Russia refuses to attend
August 194750 historical events
Balkan Federative Republic
The Bled Agreement is signed by Georgi Dimitrov, Bulgarian leader, and Josip Broz Tito, Yugoslav leader, which paves the way for future unification between the states in a new Balkan Federative Republic
Bled Agreement
The Bled Agreement is signed by Georgi Dimitrov, Bulgarian leader, and Josip Broz Tito, Yugoslav leader, which paves the way for future unification between the states in a new Balkan Federative Republic
Bled Agreement
The Bled Agreement supports the unification of Vardar Macedonia and Pirin Macedonia and the return of Western Outlands to Bulgaria
Bled Agreement
The Bled agreement was accepted with the Treaty on Friendship, cooperation and mutual assistance between Yugoslavia and the People's Republic of Bulgaria, signed and published in Evksinograd
Bled Agreement
The Yugoslav Government negotiates in the conference of Bled that Bulgaria will waive $25 million in war damages owed by Yugoslavia
Bled Agreement
The first time that Bulgaria recognizes Ethnic Macedonians and the Macedonian language
Treaty of Friendship
The treaty contains: several of the Agreement on economic cooperation, on customs facilitation, agreement for preparation of a customs union, the facilitation of border crossings, border crossing on the border of population and of the citizenship between Yugoslavia and Bulgaria
Treaty of Friendship
The Bled agreement was accepted with the Treaty on Friendship, cooperation and mutual assistance between Yugoslavia and the People's Republic of Bulgaria, signed and published in Evksinograd
Balkan Federative Republic
The Bled Agreement is signed by Georgi Dimitrov, Bulgarian leader, and Josip Broz Tito, Yugoslav leader, which paves the way for future unification between the states in a new Balkan Federative Republic
Bled Agreement
The Bled Agreement is signed by Georgi Dimitrov, Bulgarian leader, and Josip Broz Tito, Yugoslav leader, which paves the way for future unification between the states in a new Balkan Federative Republic
Bled Agreement
The Yugoslav Government negotiates in the conference of Bled that Bulgaria will waive $25 million in war damages owed by Yugoslavia
Berlin Crisis Diplomacy Opened
Western ambassadors seek a negotiated solution with Stalin as access to Berlin becomes an international crisis.
Blockade of Berlin
British, French & US Ambassadors meet Stalin to find a solution
Birth of Ian Anderson
Birth of Ian Anderson
Birth of Ibrahim Anwar
Birth of Ibrahim Anwar
Election as Assembly President
The Constituent Assembly elects Jinnah as its first President.
Constituent Assembly Address
Jinnah addresses the Constituent Assembly and advocates equal citizenship regardless of religion.
IG Farben Defendants Arraigned
Krauch and other IG Farben executives enter pleas as Military Tribunal VI formally brings the industrial defendants before the court.
Independence of Great Britain
Grants independence to Pakistan
Independence of Pakistan
Grants independence to Pakistan
Governor-General of Pakistan
Muhammad Ali Jinnah becomes Pakistan's first Governor-General.
Transfer of Power Ceremony
Jinnah attends the formal transfer-of-power ceremony in Karachi.
Independence of Great Britain
The King is no longer King-Emperor
Independence of India
The King is no longer King-Emperor
Deputy Prime Minister
Vallabhbhai Patel becomes Deputy Prime Minister and Home Minister in independent India's first government.
Minister of Education
Maulana Abul Kalam Azad becomes independent India's first Education Minister.
Independence of India
Jawaharlal Nehru becomes the first Prime Minister of independent India as the Dominion of India comes into existence.
Independence of India
Plans for the independence & partition of India are declared. Gandhi opposes the partition between Muslim Pakistan & Hindu India. 1st day of the existence of the Dominion of India
Partition
Gandhi opposes the partition between Muslim Pakistan & Hindu India
Independence of India
Gandhi opposes the partition between Muslim Pakistan & Hindu India
Partition
Gandhi opposes the partition between Muslim Pakistan & Hindu India
Finance Ministry
Ghulam Muhammad assumes responsibility for the new state's federal finances.
Foreign Affairs Ministry
Zafarullah Khan becomes Pakistan's first Foreign Minister.
First Federal Cabinet
Liaquat Ali Khan forms Pakistan's first federal cabinet.
Prime Minister of Pakistan
Liaquat Ali Khan begins service as Pakistan's first Prime Minister.
Doctors Trial Verdict
The tribunal found Brandt guilty as it delivered the Doctors Trial verdicts.
Nuremberg Code
The Doctors Trial judgment set out ten principles for permissible human experimentation, later known as the Nuremberg Code.
Doctors Trial Sentence
Brandt received a death sentence after conviction in the Doctors Trial.
Sterling Convertibility Suspension
The Government suspends sterling convertibility after rapid losses of dollar reserves.
Economy of Great Britain
Dalton is forced to suspend the convertibility of the pound
President of Ecuador
Appointed President of Ecuador
President of Ecuador
Appointed President of Ecuador after overthrowing Jose Maria Velasco Ibarra
Birth of Keith Moon
Birth of Keith Moon
Manhattan Engineer District Abolished
The Manhattan Engineer District is formally abolished, ending the Army organisation that built the first atomic bombs.
IG Farben Trial Opens
Military Tribunal VI opened the IG Farben Case against company executives.
Lautenschlaeger Arraigned in IG Farben Case
Friedrich Lautenschlaeger is separately arraigned as the prosecution formally opens the IG Farben case.
Merrell Serves as Alternate Judge in IG Farben Case
Merrell served as the alternate member of Military Tribunal VI throughout the opening phase of the lengthy prosecution of IG Farben executives.
Shake Presides as IG Farben Trial Opens
Shake presided as Military Tribunal VI opened the IG Farben Case against senior company executives accused of offences including plunder and slave labour.
Morris Takes Seat on IG Farben Tribunal
Morris joined the bench when the IG Farben trial began and shared responsibility for assessing a vast documentary record concerning the wartime chemical conglomerate.
Hebert Begins Service on IG Farben Tribunal
Hebert began service as a judge in the IG Farben Case, hearing allegations involving aggressive war, economic plunder and forced labour.
September 194730 historical events
President of Ecuador
Appointed President of Ecuador
President of Ecuador
Appointed acting President of Ecuador
Birth of Kjell Magne Bondevik
Birth of Kjell Magne Bondevik
Hans Wagner Testifies in IG Farben Case
Hans Wagner gives testimony as prosecutors develop documentary evidence about IG Farben's wartime organisation and activities.
Prime Minister of Turkey
Appointed Prime Minister of Turkey, 1st term
John Morgan Testifies in IG Farben Case
General John Morgan appears as a prosecution witness during presentation of evidence concerning industrial operations in occupied Europe.
President of Ecuador
Appointed President of Ecuador
Einsatzgruppen Trial Arraignment
Blobel pleaded not guilty during his arraignment in the Einsatzgruppen Case.
President of Ecuador
Appointed President of Ecuador
Hanneken Testifies in IG Farben Case
Hermann von Hanneken gives evidence about wartime industrial administration and the relationship between the German state and major companies.
Birth of Don Felder
Birth of Don Felder, later Eagles guitarist and co-writer of Hotel California.
Constitution of Burma
Helps guide the constitution approved before independence
Einsatzgruppen Trial Opens
The Einsatzgruppen Case opened before a United States military tribunal.
Leaves Ministerial Office
Leaves the Attlee government after serving as Minister without Portfolio during 1947.
Board of Trade
Appointed President of the Board of Trade, first term
Board of Trade
Appointed President of the Board of Trade in Clement Attlee's Labour Government.
Board of Trade
Becomes the youngest member of the Cabinet in the Twentieth century
Cabinet
Becomes the youngest member of the Cabinet in the twentieth century.
President of Board of Trade
Appointed President of the Board of Trade, first term
President of Board of Trade
Becomes the youngest member of the Cabinet in the Twentieth century
President of Board of Trade
Takes charge of the Board of Trade at the age of thirty one.
Einsatzgruppen Case Targets Mobile Killing Commanders
The Einsatzgruppen proceeding prosecutes commanders and officers accused of directing systematic mass shootings in occupied eastern Europe.
Wyatt Presides as Einsatzgruppen Trial Opens
Wyatt presided when the Einsatzgruppen Case opened against commanders and officers of mobile killing units responsible for mass shootings in occupied eastern Europe.
O'Connell Takes Seat in Einsatzgruppen Case
O'Connell joined the bench at the opening of the Einsatzgruppen trial and began hearing documentary and testimonial evidence concerning systematic mass murder.
Crawford Joins Einsatzgruppen Tribunal
Crawford served on the three-judge panel that heard the Einsatzgruppen prosecution against senior members of the mobile killing formations.
RuSHA Tribunal Constituted
Military Tribunal I was reconstituted to hear the RuSHA Case against racial and resettlement officials.
Elias Testifies in IG Farben Case
Nathaniel Elias testifies as the Tribunal hears evidence concerning wartime corporate operations and occupied property.
Birth of Marc Bolan
Birth of Marc Bolan.
Cominform
Cominform was a Soviet-dominated organization of Communist parties founded at a conference of Communist party leaders in Szklarska Poreba, Poland
International Conference at Szklarska Poreba
Cominform was a Soviet-dominated organization of Communist parties founded at a conference of Communist party leaders in Szklarska Poreba, Poland
October 194728 historical events
Schmidt Testifies in IG Farben Case
Paul Otto Schmidt appears as a witness while prosecutors explore diplomatic and governmental aspects of German economic expansion.
Marriage in the Shadows
Directs Ehe im Schatten, an early post-war DEFA film.
Einsatzgruppen Trial Testimony
Ohlendorf testified in his own defence during the Einsatzgruppen Trial.
Rothaug Final Defence Arguments Heard
Defence counsel presents final arguments for Rothaug as the Justice Case approaches the end of its evidentiary and argument phase.
Nu Attlee Treaty
Signs the treaty establishing Burmese independence from Britain
Independence of Myanmar
Signs the Treaty establishing Burmese independence
Justice Trial Final Statements
The Justice Case concluded its evidentiary phase with final statements from the defendants.
RuSHA Trial Opens
The RuSHA Case opened against officials involved in Nazi racial and resettlement policies.
Wyatt Presides as RuSHA Trial Opens
Wyatt presided when the RuSHA Case opened against SS officials charged in connection with racial policies, population transfers, kidnapping and persecution.
O'Connell Takes Seat on RuSHA Tribunal
O'Connell took his place on the RuSHA Tribunal and began hearing evidence concerning SS racial administration and forced population policies.
Crawford Joins RuSHA Tribunal
Crawford joined the RuSHA judicial panel as prosecutors opened a case centred on racial resettlement programmes and the removal of children from occupied populations.
Wirsich Testifies in RuSHA Case
Kuno Wirsich testifies as prosecutors present evidence about forced resettlement, Germanization and SS racial policy.
Birth of Abdel Aziz al-Rantissi
Birth of Abdel Aziz al-Rantissi
Bach-Zelewski Testifies in RuSHA Case
Erich von dem Bach-Zelewski gives evidence concerning SS structures and policies connected with population transfers and racial persecution.
Birth of Hillary Diane Rodham Clinton
Birth of Hillary Diane Rodham Clinton
Roegner Testifies in RuSHA Case
Adolf Roegner appears as a prosecution witness during evidence on resettlement operations and treatment of occupied populations.
Hitzfeld Testifies in RuSHA Case
Ernst Hitzfeld testifies while the Tribunal examines the machinery used to classify and displace populations in occupied territories.
Heinze-Wisswede Testifies in RuSHA Case
Maria Heinze-Wisswede gives testimony relating to racial selection, family policy and the administration of SS resettlement programmes.
Ehlich Testifies in RuSHA Case
Hans Ehlich gives evidence concerning SS population policy and the institutions responsible for resettlement and Germanization.
Pancke Testifies for RuSHA Defence
Guenther Pancke appears for the defence and addresses the organisation and authority of the SS Race and Settlement Main Office.
Bureau of Narcotics Interview
Federal narcotics agents interviewed Jack and Hyman Rubenstein after Paul Roland Jones was arrested; both brothers acknowledged knowing Jones but denied knowing about his narcotics activity.
RuSHA Trial Testimony
Dolezalova, a child abducted after the destruction of Lidice, was sworn as a prosecution witness.
Hanfova Testifies about Nazi Racial Policies
Maria Hanfova gives evidence as the prosecution documents the human effects of racial selection and occupation policy.
Independence of Pakistan
Jinnah asserts in a speech that the League had accepted partition because "the consequences of any other alternative would have been too disastrous to imagine"
Independence of Pakistan
Jinnah asserts in a speech that the League had accepted partition because "the consequences of any other alternative would have been too disastrous to imagine"
Birth of Timothy B
Birth of Timothy B. Schmit, later bassist and vocalist with Poco and Eagles.
Parliamentary Selection
Builds his Conservative candidacy for the Bexley parliamentary seat.
Operation Lea Resistance
Resists French Operation Lea against the Viet Bac base area
November 194729 historical events
Spruce Goose
Flies "The Spruce Bruce", a flying boat
Pohl Trial Judgment and Sentence
Pohl was convicted and sentenced to death in the WVHA trial.
Battle of Badgam
Major Somnath Sharma leads his company at Badgam and is killed while resisting an attack threatening Srinagar.
Rationing
Celebrates a "bonfire of controls" by making 200,000 permits & licences unnecessary
First Hedtoft Premiership
Begins the First Hedtoft Premiership in Copenhagen and serves as Prime Minister of Denmark.
Kristensen Government
The Kristensen Government ends in Copenhagen, concluding this term as Prime Minister of Denmark.
Krupp Trial Arraignment
Krupp and the other defendants were arraigned before the United States military tribunal.
Strike
1st day of National strikes throughout the Winter of 1947-48
Ministries Trial Indictment
Weizsaecker and other senior officials were indicted in the Ministries Case.
Peerage
Created Duke of Edinburgh
Marriage
Acts as Prince Philips best man
Marriage
Gives Elizabeth away to the Duke of Edinburgh at Westminster Abbey
Peerage
Makes Philip the Duke of Edinburgh prior to his wedding to Elizabeth
Marriage
Marries Elizabeth II
Marriage
Marries Philip Mountbatten, Duke of Edinburgh, formerly Prince of Greece & Denmark
Birth of Joe Walsh
Birth of Joe Walsh, later Eagles guitarist after success with the James Gang and solo work.
Election
National Assembly elections begin under the new constitutional framework; the Communist Party does not participate.
Marriage
Philip is to be known as HRH Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh
Flick Prosecution Closing Statement
The prosecution delivers its closing argument, summarising allegations of slave labour, plunder and support for criminal SS organisations.
Greifelt Begins RuSHA Defence Testimony
Ulrich Greifelt begins his own testimony and disputes prosecution claims about his responsibility for coercive resettlement policy.
Flick Defence Closing Arguments Begin
Defence counsel begins final argument for Flick and his co-defendants, challenging the legal and factual basis of the prosecution case.
Council of Foreign Minister's
1st day of the council to discuss the future of post-war Germany
Diels Testifies in IG Farben Case
Former Gestapo chief Rudolf Diels gives evidence during the IG Farben proceedings concerning political and economic relationships in the Nazi state.
High Command Trial Indictment
Leeb and other senior Wehrmacht commanders were indicted in the High Command Case.
High Command Case Examines Senior Military Responsibility
The High Command prosecution addresses the responsibility of senior commanders for unlawful orders, occupation practices and crimes committed by forces under their authority.
Flick Prosecution Rebuttal Delivered
The prosecution answers the defence closing submissions before the Tribunal withdraws to consider the industrialist case.
UN Partition Proposal
The United Nations adopted a plan to partition Palestine, confronting Abdullah with a proposed territorial settlement that shaped his subsequent diplomacy and military calculations.
Coup
Rama VIIIs death serves as a pretext for a coup which restores Phibul Songkram
Coup
Forced into exile during a coup
December 194731 historical events
Ohlendorf Testifies in IG Farben Case
Otto Ohlendorf appears as a witness as the industrial trial considers links between corporate activity and Nazi state institutions.
Justice Trial Judgment
Military Tribunal III began delivering judgment in the Justice Case.
Justice Case Judgment Begins
Military Tribunal III begins reading its judgment on the criminal responsibility of judges and Justice Ministry officials.
Justice Trial Sentence
Rothaug received life imprisonment after conviction in the Justice Case.
Justice Case Sentences Announced
The Tribunal announces sentences after convicting ten defendants and acquitting others in the Justice Case.
Wolff Testifies in RuSHA Case
Karl Wolff appears as a defence witness and gives evidence concerning SS command relationships and racial-policy organisations.
Krupp Trial Opens
The Krupp Case opened against industrial managers accused of plunder and forced-labour offences.
Anderson Presides as Krupp Trial Opens
Anderson presided as the Krupp Case opened against industrial executives accused of exploiting forced labour and participating in the seizure of property in occupied territories.
Daly Takes Seat on Krupp Tribunal
Daly took his seat as a member of the Krupp Tribunal when proceedings began against Alfried Krupp and senior officials of the industrial concern.
Wilkins Joins Krupp Tribunal
Wilkins joined the judicial panel at the opening of the Krupp Case and shared responsibility for deciding the industrialists' criminal liability.
First Goal at New Chamartin
Scores the first goal at the newly inaugurated stadium during a 3-1 friendly win over Belenenses.
Presidential Election
Romulo Gallegos won Venezuela's first direct presidential election based on universal suffrage.
Council of Foreign Minister's
The controlling Council of Germany breaks up after failing to agree the future
Krauch Defence Opening Presented
Counsel opens Krauch's defence, challenging allegations that senior IG Farben management bears criminal responsibility for wartime policies.
Central Intelligence Agency (CIA)
Uses the CIA to run covert ops in Europe. 1st institution of national security in the US
NSC orders Hillenkoeter to use covert methods against communists in Italy
The NSC orders Hillenkoeter to use covert methods against communists in Italy
Flick Trial Judgment and Sentence
Flick was convicted on selected counts and sentenced to seven years imprisonment.
Sears Presides over Flick Judgment and Sentencing
Sears presided when the tribunal delivered judgment and imposed sentences in the Flick Case after months of testimony, documents and closing arguments.
Point-Contact Transistor Demonstration
With Walter Brattain, demonstrates transistor amplification using controlled electron and hole transport in germanium.
Tuberculosis
Enters Hairmyres Hospital for tuberculosis treatment.
Constitution Takes Effect
The Constitution of the Republic of China takes effect, formally ending the Nationalist period of political tutelage.
End of Second Government
The second al-Rifai cabinet concluded its period in office. The administration had served during the early years of Jordanโs independence, with al-Rifai leading the government and overseeing foreign affairs and defense.
Romanian Peoples Republic
Parhon heads the provisional presidium after proclamation of the republic.
Abdication of Michael I
Michael is forced to abdicate as the monarchy is abolished.
Trade Agreement at Moscow
Leads a trade mission & agrees to exchange manufactured goods for Russian grain
Government
Forms a Democrat & Socialist coalition Government
Reform of Industry
Law for Elimination of Excessive Concentration of Economic Power
Congress of Peoples Congress
The Peoples Congress first meets at Berlin to attempt to replace the Marshall Plan
Economy of Russia
The Russian currency is reformed
Reform of Currency
The Russian currency is reformed
Restored to Ukrainian Party Leadership
Returns as First Secretary of the Ukrainian Communist Party after a nine-month interruption.
Independence of Albania
Italy recognizes the Independence of Albania
Eva embarked on a much-publicized Rainbow Tour of Europe, meeting with numerous
Eva embarked on a much-publicized "Rainbow Tour" of Europe, meeting with numerous dignitaries and heads of state, such as Francisco Franco and the Pope
Rainbow Tour
Eva embarked on a much-publicized "Rainbow Tour" of Europe, meeting with numerous dignitaries and heads of state, such as Francisco Franco and the Pope
Move to Buenos Aires
The Guevara family moves to Buenos Aires, where Ernesto later studies medicine.
Chairman
Appointed Chairman of the World Food Council
Peerage
Created Lord Melbourne, 1st Australian in the British House of Lords
General Relativity Research
Continues mathematical investigations into general relativity and attempts to formulate unified descriptions of gravitation and electromagnetism.
Death of Alexander Lohr
Death of Alexander Lohr, executed for war crimes
Execution
Hanged by a Yugoslav court for war crimes
Prime Minister of Belgium
Appointed Prime Minister of Belgium, 2nd term
Election
Hertzog campaigns for president as the candidate of the Republican Socialist Unity Party.
Vice President
Urriolagoitia is elected vice president alongside Enrique Hertzog.
Burial
Buried in Mickleham, England
Break with Soviet Bloc
Breaks diplomatic relations with the Soviet Union and several Eastern European governments.
Two-Hundred-Mile Maritime Claim
Proclaims Chilean sovereignty and jurisdiction over a two-hundred-mile maritime zone.
University Technical of the State
Creates the Universidad Tecnica del Estado by reorganizing state technical education institutions.
Capture of Manchuria
Half of Manchuria is captured by the Communists
Foreign Secretary of Colombia
Appointed Foreign Secretary
Alliance Jose Figueres Ferrer and Costa Rican supporters
Gains support by allowing Costa Rica to become a platform for destroying dictatorships
Armament
Begins training local and foreign militia in one of his farms
Exile of Jose Figueres Ferrer
Gains support by allowing Costa Rica to become a platform for destroying dictatorships
Mobilization
Begins training local and foreign militia in one of his farms
Partido Ortodoxos
Castro joins the Partido Ortodoxos which had been newly formed by Eduardo Chibas
Prime Minister of Denmark
Appointed Prime Minister of Denmark, 1st term
Succession
Succeeds as King of Denmark
Invasion of Israel
Egypt, Transjordan (now Jordan), Syria, Lebanon, & Iraq attack Israel
Rule of Palestine
The United Nations adopts a resolution to divide Palestine into Jewish & Arab states, rejected by the Arabs
Independence of Ethiopia
Italy recognizes the independence of Ethiopia
Antoine and Antoinette
Directs Antoine and Antoinette.
Prime Minister of France
Appointed Prime Minister of France
The Plague
Camus publishes The Plague, portraying solidarity and moral resistance during an epidemic.
Humanism and Terror
Merleau-Ponty publishes Humanism and Terror, examining Marxism, violence and political responsibility.
The Ethics of Ambiguity
Beauvoir publishes The Ethics of Ambiguity, developing an existential account of ethical freedom.
Party Leader
Appointed Party Leader of the Rassemblement du Peuple Francais
Rassemblement du Peuple Francais (RPF)
Founds the Rassemblement du Peuple Francais, a new anti-communist party
Tour de France
Appointed Tour Director of the Tour de France
Death of Jacques Philippe Leclerc
Death of Jacques Philippe Leclerc, killed in an aircrash
Dr Faustus
Publication of "Dr Faustus"
Letter on Humanism
Heidegger publishes Letter on Humanism, clarifying themes in his postwar philosophy.
Dialectic of Enlightenment
Horkheimer and Theodor W. Adorno publish Dialectic of Enlightenment.
Dialectic of Enlightenment
Adorno and Max Horkheimer publish Dialectic of Enlightenment.
Death of Arthur Liebehenschel
Death of Arthur Liebehenschel, executed by the Polish authorities for war crimes
Execution
Executed by the Polish authorities for war crimes
Death of Erich Muhsfeldt
Death of Erich Muhsfeldt, executed for war crimes
Execution
Executed by the Polish authorities for war crimes
Execution
Hoess is executed for his part played in the slaughter at Auschwitz
Hue and Cry
Directs Hue and Cry
Knighthood
Richardson recieves a Knighthood
Brighton Rock
Plays the ruthless gang leader Pinkie Brown in Brighton Rock, a breakthrough performance in British cinema.
Whisky Galore
Publication of "Whisky Galore"
Toward European Unity Essay
Orwell argued about the prospects for democratic socialism and a more united Europe.
Collected Stories for Children
Publication of "Collected Stories for Children"
Collected Stories
Publication of "Collected Stories for Children"
Age of Anxiety
Publication of "Age of Anxiety"
Palestine Mission
Publishes Palestine Mission, describing his work on the Anglo-American Committee of Inquiry.
Guildhall School
Studies piano and oboe at the Guildhall School of Music after wartime naval service.
Charter
The Industrial Policy Committee draws up the Industrial Charter, "Butskellism"
Death of Stanley Baldwin
Death of Stanley Baldwin
Knighthood
Alfred Duff Cooper is Knighted
Governor
Appointed Governor General of Australia, 2nd term
Agriculture Act
George Brown works to pass the Agriculture Act 1947 which provides price support to farmers, and also more arable land and ease shortages of machinery and foodstuffs at a time when Government policy aimed at increasing food production so rationing in the United Kingdom could be lifted
Legislation
George Brown works to pass the Agriculture Act 1947 which provides price support to farmers, and also more arable land and ease shortages of machinery and foodstuffs at a time when Government policy aimed at increasing food production so rationing in the United Kingdom could be lifted
Rationing
George Brown works to pass the Agriculture Act 1947 which provides price support to farmers, and also more arable land and ease shortages of machinery and foodstuffs at a time when Government policy aimed at increasing food production so rationing in the United Kingdom could be lifted
Privy Council
Appointed Member of Privy Council
Minister of Economics
Appointed Minister of Economic Affairs
Crisis
Britain suffers from an acute fuel shortage in the autumn
Minister of Fuel & Power
Appointed Minister of Fuel & Power
International Agreement at London
Visits Russia to agree an exchange of manufactured goods for grain
Statistics of Trade Act
Oversees legislation giving the Board of Trade powers to collect business statistics for economic planning.
Statistics of Trade Act
Statistics of Trade Act 1947 gives powers to collect business statistics for economic planning
Chancellor of the Exchequer
Resigns as Chancellor of the Exhchequer
Secretary
Appointed Secretary in the Ministry of Transport
Exchange Control Act
Exchange Control Act 1947 creates a statutory exchange control system for foreign currency transactions
Finance Act
Finance Act 1947 sets taxation and fiscal measures during the postwar economic crisis
NHS Preparatory Administration
Jameson supports the detailed administrative preparations needed to transfer wartime and local health arrangements into the planned National Health Service.
Indian Independence Act
Indian Independence Act 1947 provides for the independence and partition of British India
Fire Services Act
Fire Services Act 1947 transfers fire services from wartime national control to local authority responsibility
Polish Resettlement Act
Polish Resettlement Act 1947 supports resettlement and welfare of Polish forces and refugees in Britain
Crown Proceedings Act
Crown Proceedings Act 1947 allows civil proceedings against the Crown in ordinary courts
Agriculture Act
Agriculture Act 1947 gives farmers guaranteed prices and supports planned agricultural production
Teachers Superannuation Act
Teachers Superannuation Act 1947 reforms pension arrangements for teachers
Coal Mines Conservation and Safety Act
Coal Mines Conservation and Safety Act 1947 strengthens safety and conservation law in coal mining
Electricity Act
Electricity Act 1947 nationalises the electricity supply industry
Town and Country Planning Act
Town and Country Planning Act 1947 creates a comprehensive planning system and development control
Dock Workers Regulation of Employment Act
Dock Workers Regulation of Employment Act 1947 creates a statutory scheme for dock labour employment
Transport Act
Transport Act 1947 nationalises railways, long distance road haulage, and other transport undertakings
Appointed Day Order
Fixes 5 July 1948 as the launch date for the NHS.
Appointed Day Preparation
Prepares the service for launch on 5 July 1948.
Consultant Negotiations
Negotiates terms for hospital consultants within the NHS.
Dental Service Planning
Prepares dental services for entry into the NHS.
Executive Councils
Plans executive councils for family practitioner services.
Health Centres Debate
Supports health centres but faces cost and staffing limits.
Hospital Management Committee Planning
The Ministry prepares hospital management committees to run groups of hospitals beneath the regional boards when the NHS comes into operation.
Hospital Transfer Planning
Prepares voluntary and municipal hospitals for transfer.
Housing Targets
Faces pressure over the pace of postwar housing construction.
Local Health Authorities
Assigns local health authorities duties for community services.
NHS Regulations
Prepares regulations for NHS administration.
Optical Service Planning
Prepares ophthalmic services for free treatment at launch.
Pharmaceutical Service Planning
Plans pharmaceutical services free at the point of use.
Prefabricated Housing
Uses temporary and prefabricated housing to ease shortages.
Regional Hospital Board Appointments
Bevan oversees the appointment and preparation of regional hospital boards that will take responsibility for hospital services on the appointed day.
Regional Hospital Boards
Plans regional hospital boards for England and Wales.
Specialist Services
Integrates specialist hospital services into national planning.
Agriculture Scotland Act
Agriculture Scotland Act 1947 supports Scottish agriculture within the postwar production framework
National Health Service Scotland Act
National Health Service Scotland Act 1947 establishes the Scottish National Health Service framework
Town and Country Planning Scotland Act
Town and Country Planning Scotland Act 1947 creates a parallel Scottish planning framework
Secretary
Appointed Secretary to Princess Elizabeth
Tours South Africa and offers to return to Britain
Tours South Africa and offers to return to Britain, but Attlee refuses
Visit to Salisbury
Pays a Royal visit to Rhodesia & opens the state Parliamen
Tours South Africa & celebrates her 21st birthday at Cape Town
Tours South Africa & celebrates her 21st birthday at Cape Town
Speech
Makes a "dedication" speech to the Empire on her 21st birthday from South Africa
Professor
Appointed Professor at University College London
Professor
Appointed Professor at Oxford
BMA Campaign
Helps lead medical profession resistance to NHS terms.
Cold War Policy
Supports a firm anti-Communist foreign policy as the Cold War begins
Keep Left
Co-authors Keep Left with Michael Foot and Richard Crossman.
Keep Left
Co-authors Keep Left, a pamphlet associated with Labour's left-wing foreign policy debate.
Keep Left
Co-authors Keep Left with Michael Foot and Ian Mikardo.
Purpose and Policy
Edits a collection of Clement Attlee speeches under the title Purpose and Policy.
Labour Policy Writing
Develops his reputation as a political writer and Labour policy commentator.
Anti-Communism
Healey promotes a democratic socialist foreign policy that firmly opposes Soviet-backed communism.
Cold War
Healey argues for a firm anti-communist Labour foreign policy during the early Cold War.
University of Birmingham Appointment
Medawar becomes professor of zoology and continues research on transplantation biology.
Pion Discovery
Powell's Bristol group identifies the pion using photographic emulsions.
Automatic Computing Engine Lecture
Lectures on the Automatic Computing Engine and explains how electronic machinery can implement general-purpose computation.
Cambridge Sabbatical
Takes leave from NPL and returns to Cambridge for a period of theoretical research.
Computer Intelligence Lecture
Discusses the possibility of computer intelligence in lectures on machine design, anticipating his later artificial-intelligence work.
Neurology and Physiology Studies
Studies neurology and physiology while reconsidering how learning and brain organisation might inform machine intelligence.
Williams Tube Memory Developed
Frederic Williams and collaborators pursued cathode ray tube storage of digital information. Its consequences influenced later approaches to production or experimentation.
Transfer
Despite being at the peak of his playing career, shocks the football world with a move to 3rd Division Notts County for a record transfer fee of ล20,000
Charlton Athletic Cup Win Under Seed
Seed's Charlton Athletic lift the cup after a 1-0 final success over Burnley.
Postwar Championship Forward
Albert Stubbins strengthened Liverpool's attack following his arrival from Newcastle United and helped the club claim the 1946โ47 league championship.
Historic FA Cup Winning Goal
Duffy scores the extra-time winner against Burnley to secure the first FA Cup in Charlton Athletic's history.
Cup Winning Attacking Role
Welsh contributes to Charlton Athletic's attacking line during the club's successful FA Cup campaign.
Postwar Brentford Forward
Fidler appeared in the Brentford attacking ranks as the club adjusted to the demands of postwar league competition.
Title Season Forward Leadership
Jack Balmer supplied experience and important goals as Liverpool ended the 1946โ47 season as English First Division champions.
FA Cup Final Clean Sheet
Bartram prevents Burnley from scoring as Charlton Athletic win the 1947 FA Cup final in extra time.
Supreme Commander
Appointed Supreme Commander of the British forces in India & Pakistan
Succession
Succeeds as King of Greece
Ambassador
Appointed Ambassador of France
Hostess
Serves her father, the Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru.
High Commissioner
V.K. Krishna Menon is appointed India's High Commissioner in London.
Minister of Food and Agriculture
Rajendra Prasad serves in the Interim Government with responsibility for food and agriculture.
Constitution of India
B.R. Ambedkar serves as Law Minister and chairs the Drafting Committee responsible for preparing the Constitution.
Minister of Law
B.R. Ambedkar becomes the first Law Minister of independent India.
Partition
Nehru's government confronts mass communal violence and refugee movements following the partition of British India.
Prime Minister of India
Appointed Prime Minister of India, the first under Indian independence.
Partition
Gandhi urges Hindus not to retaliate against Muslim attrocities
Partition
Gandhi urges Hindus not to retaliate against Muslim attrocities
Physical Research Laboratory
Vikram Sarabhai founds the Physical Research Laboratory, initially concentrating on cosmic rays and upper-atmosphere research.
First Indo-Pakistani War
Nehru's government commits Indian forces to Kashmir after the princely state accedes to India amid an invasion from Pakistan.
Agreement of Linggadjati
Secures Indonesian authority in Java & Sumatra from the Dutch
Prison Notebooks", a record of 29 notebooks
Publication of "Prison Notebooks", a record of 29 notebooks
Prison Notebooks
Publication of "Prison Notebooks", a record of 29 notebooks
Diet
Appointed Member of Diet
Constitution of Japan
Under the constitution sovereignty rests in the people, not the Emperor
Constitution of Japan
Under the constitution sovereignty rests in the people, not the Emperor. The new constitution renounces war & abolishes the divinity of the Emperor
The Essence of Zen Buddhism
Publication of "The Essence of Zen Buddhism"
Member of Parliament
First Elected to the Japanese Parliament
Suicide
Sentenced to life imprisonmentfor war crimes then commits suicide
Trial
Sentenced to life imprisonmentfor war crimes then commits suicide
Kenya African National Union (KANU)
Helps found KANU, a nationalist group seeking political rights for black
Party Leader
Appointed Party Leader of the KANU
Constitutional Politics
Participates in the emerging constitutional politics of the Kingdom of Laos
Assassination of San Aung
The Head of the Government of Burma is assassinated
Death of San Aung
The Head of the Government of Burma is assassinated
Independence of Myanmar
Visits London & successfully negotiates Burmas independence. Involved in the conference decision to vote for a Burmese Union
Prime Minister of Myanmar
Appointed Prime Minister of Burma
Unification
Involved in the conference decision to vote for a Burmese Union
Prime Minister of Myanmar
Appointed Prime Minister of Burma, after the assassination of Aung San
Constitution of Myanmar
Helps draft the new constitution for Burma
Speaker
Appointed Speaker of the Constituent Assembly
Anti-Fascist Peoples Freedom League
Founder of the anti-fascist Peoples Federation League
Independence of Myanmar
Uses the Peoples Federation League to establish independence from Britain. The Peoples Federation League is used to win independence for Burma. Founder of the anti-fascist Peoples Federation League
PFL
Founder of the Peoples Federation League
Party Leader
Appointed Party Leader of the Peoples Federation League
Mount Everest
Tenzing Norgay joins Earl Denman's unauthorised Everest attempt from the Tibetan side.
Ajax League Champion as Player
Rinus Michels plays for Ajax during the 1946โ47 Dutch championship campaign, long before he returns as coach to transform the club's tactical identity.
Expedition
Sails a balsa raft from Peru to Tuamotu Island in the South Pacific. Proves Peruvian Indians could have settled in Polynesia
Law Commission Codification Requested
The General Assembly directed work toward formulating principles recognized at Nuremberg.
Independence of Pakistan
Along with Liaquat Ali Khan and Abdur Rab Nishtar, Muhammad Ali Jinnah represents the League in the Partition Council to appropriately divide public assets between India and Pakistan
Independence of Pakistan
Along with Liaquat Ali Khan and Abdur Rab Nishtar, Muhammad Ali Jinnah represents the League in the Partition Council to appropriately divide public assets between India and Pakistan
Independence of Pakistan
The North-West Frontier Province votes to join Pakistan in a referendum. Along with Liaquat Ali Khan and Abdur Rab Nishtar, Muhammad Ali Jinnah represents the League in the Partition Council to appropriately divide public assets between India and Pakistan
Partition
Along with Liaquat Ali Khan and Abdur Rab Nishtar, Muhammad Ali Jinnah represents the League in the Partition Council to appropriately divide public assets between India and Pakistan
Referendum
The North-West Frontier Province votes to join Pakistan in a referendum
Independence of Pakistan
Along with Liaquat Ali Khan and Abdur Rab Nishtar, Muhammad Ali Jinnah represents the League in the Partition Council to appropriately divide public assets between India and Pakistan
Independence of Pakistan
Along with Liaquat Ali Khan and Abdur Rab Nishtar, Muhammad Ali Jinnah represents the League in the Partition Council to appropriately divide public assets between India and Pakistan
Independence of Pakistan
The North-West Frontier Province votes to join Pakistan in a referendum. Along with Liaquat Ali Khan and Abdur Rab Nishtar, Muhammad Ali Jinnah represents the League in the Partition Council to appropriately divide public assets between India and Pakistan
Partition
Along with Liaquat Ali Khan and Abdur Rab Nishtar, Muhammad Ali Jinnah represents the League in the Partition Council to appropriately divide public assets between India and Pakistan
Referendum
The North-West Frontier Province votes to join Pakistan in a referendum
Reballion of Huks
Ramon Magsaysay puts down a communist peasant rebellion by the Huks
Symphony No 6
Composes, "Symphony No 6"
Conference of Marshall Plan
Moves for a German Peoples Congress to remove Allied control in Germany
Conference of Marshall Plan
Russia does not attend & refuses to allow its Eastern European satellites to attend
Economic Commission
Creates an Economic Commission for Eastern Germany
Economy of Russia
Creates an Economic Commission for Eastern Germany
Unification
Proposes reunification of Germany & international control of the Ruhr. Proposes centralized German Government at a meeting of Foreign Minister's, not accepted
Dnepropetrovsk Regional First Secretary
Becomes First Secretary of the Dnepropetrovsk regional Communist Party organization.
Cominform
Cominform was initially located in Belgrade (then the capital of the Federative People's Republic of Yugoslavia)
Comintern
The Cominform is based on the Comintern which was dissolved in 1942, it co-ordinates European Communist Parties
Minister of Armed Forces
Appointed Minister of the Armed Forces
Party Leader
Appointed Party Leader of the Communist Party in the Ukraine
Dnepropetrovsk Reconstruction
Oversees industrial reconstruction and party administration in the heavily damaged Dnepropetrovsk region.
Secretary
Appointed 2nd Secretary of the Central Committee in Karelia
Anti-Communist Advocacy
Supports democratic opposition to Soviet communism.
Stasi
Serov helps organize the construction of the Stasi, the East German secret police
Soviet Atomic Project
Leads Soviet uranium and plutonium bomb research.
Moscow Backs Partition Recommendation
The Soviet Union supported the General Assembly proposal to partition Palestine into Jewish and Arab states.
Soviet Diplomacy Addresses Palestine
The Soviet delegation participated in United Nations debate over the future of Palestine.
Visited by the British Royal family
Visited by the British Royal family
Election
Unsuccesfully stands for election
Government
Russia sets up a Government in Pyongyang under the Korean Workers Party
Government
Appointed Head of State for North Korea
Constitution of Spain
Reorganizes the Government with himself as Regent for the monarchy & Chief of State
Tetra Pak Package Concept
Creates an efficient disposable carton formed from a continuous tube.
Tetrahedral Carton
Develops the tetrahedral paper package for liquid food products.
Coup
Forced into exile during a coup
Exile of Phanomyong Pridi
Forced into exile during a coup
Kings African Rifles
Amin joins the King's African Rifles (KAR) of the British colonial army as part of the laundry and kitchen army staff whilst undergoing training
The Lady from Shanghai
Directs, "The Lady from Shanghai"
Dangerous Years
First appears in a film as a waitress in the drama Dangerous Years
Little Lost Robot
Asimov published Little Lost Robot, investigating modified robotic safeguards and their unforeseen risks.
The Struggle for the World
Publication of "The Struggle for the World"
The Struggle
Publication of "The Struggle for the World"
Golden Age of Gospel
Singer Mahalia Jackson inaugurates "golden age of gospel music"
Hibbing
Moves with his family to Hibbing, Minnesota.
Secretary
Appointed Secretary of State for Defence
Truman Doctrine
Uses the Truman Doctrine to defend US interests in Germany against Russian expansion
Uses the Truman Doctrine
Uses the Truman Doctrine to defend US interests in Germany against Russian expansion
Constitution of USA
The US & British authorize the German Economic Council, the basis for self-Government
German Economic Council
The US & British authorize the German Economic Council, the basis for self-Government
Atomic Energy Commission
The United States Atomic Energy Commission (AEC) is an agency of the United States Government established after World War II by Congress to foster and control the peace time development of atomic science and technology
Independence of Germany
The British support Byrnes proposals, Russia & France do not support them. Invites the other 3 German occupying powers to join their zones together
Independence of United States of America
The British support Byrnes proposals, Russia & France do not support them. Invites the other 3 German occupying powers to join their zones together
Unification
Invites the other 3 German occupying powers to join their zones together
Unification
The US & British authorize the German Economic Council, the basis for self-Government
Secretary of State
Appointed Secretary of State
International Trade Mart Managing Director
Shaw became managing director of the developing International Trade Mart in New Orleans after returning from military service.
Singapore Supper Club
Opens the Singapore Supper Club
Director of Central Intelligence
Appointed Director of the CIA
Election
Elected Congressman for Massachusetts 1947-1953
House of Representatives
First elected Republican member of the US House of Representatives
merican Association for the Advancement of Science
Appointed President of the American Association for the Advancement of Science
The 200-Inch Telescope and Its Scientific Problems
Hubble publishes an assessment of the 200-inch Hale telescope and the astronomical problems it could address, outlining how the larger aperture would extend extragalactic observations beyond Mount Wilson's limits.
Cosmic Ray Research
Studies high-energy cosmic-ray interactions and develops theoretical models for how energetic particles produce secondary particles in the atmosphere.
Lamb Shift Calculation
Calculates the radiative correction explaining the measured shift between hydrogen electron energy levels.
Electron Magnetic Moment Anomaly Measured
Polykarp Kusch's precision measurements challenged the simplest magnetic moment prediction for the electron. Its significance included improved measurement or operational reliability.
Lamb Shift Measurement
With Willis Lamb, measures the small separation between hydrogen electron levels predicted equal by Dirac theory.
Hydrogen Lamb Shift Measured
Willis Lamb and Robert Retherford observed a small separation between atomic energy levels previously treated as degenerate. The advance provided methods later adopted by other engineers.
Synchrotron Radiation from Electrons
Participates in the first observation of visible synchrotron radiation emitted by relativistic electrons circulating in a synchrotron.
Semiconductor Surface States
Explains how electronic surface states affect semiconductor behaviour, helping guide the Bell Labs transistor experiments.
Electron Magnetic Moment Anomaly
Measures a deviation of the electron magnetic moment from the simplest Dirac prediction, providing another key test for quantum electrodynamics.
Lamb Shift
With Robert Retherford, measures a small shift between hydrogen electron energy levels that becomes a decisive test of quantum electrodynamics.
Point-Contact Transistor
With John Bardeen, demonstrates transistor amplification by controlling electron and hole flow through a germanium semiconductor.
Atomic Energy Commission
After the Atomic Energy Commission (AEC) came into being in 1947, as a civilian agency in control of nuclear research and weapons issues, Oppenheimer was immediately appointed as the Chairman of its General Advisory Committee (GAC)
Institute For Advanced Study
Oppenheimer accepted an offer from Lewis Strauss to take up the directorship of the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton, New Jersey
Atomic Scientists Public Education Campaign
Supports public education campaigns on atomic energy, disarmament and international control.
Industrialist Cases Examine Corporate Complicity
The Flick, IG Farben and Krupp proceedings test individual responsibility for forced labour, plunder and corporate participation in the Nazi war economy.
Diplomatic Negotiations at Hong Kong
Offers to negotiate with France on the unity & independence of Vietnam
Independence of Vietnam
Offers to negotiate with France on the unity & independence of Vietnam
Recognition of Vietnams independence
The French High Commissioner recognizes Vietnams independence
Unification
Offers to negotiate with France on the unity & independence of Vietnam
Independence of Vietnam
France will retain control over Vietnams army, finances & foreign affairs
Siege of Viet Bac
The French under General Valluy fail to remove the Viet Minh from the Viet Bac region
Education
Graduates from Vien Dong (Dap Da) Military Academy and Saint Saumur (France) Military Academy, rank of Lieutenant
Lieutenant
Graduates from Vien Dong (Dap Da) Military Academy and Saint Saumur (France) Military Academy, rank of Lieutenant
Rule of Adriatic
Italy cedes most of its Adriatic Islands to Yugoslavia
Rule of Istria
Italy cedes Istria to Yugoslavia
Treaty of Friendship
The Treaty of Friendship agrees to economic cooperation, on customs facilitation, agreement for preparation of a customs union, the facilitation of border crossings, border crossing on the border of population and of the citizenship between Yugoslavia and Bulgaria
The Meaning of Treason
West published The Meaning of Treason, an investigation of espionage and political betrayal.
Death of Willa Cather
Cather died in New York City, leaving a substantial body of American fiction.
Work on Poems in Captivity
Solzhenitsyn continued developing verse and literary projects under imprisonment.
First Postwar Stories
Bรถll published short stories depicting the material and moral wreckage of postwar Germany.