Nationalisation of Transport
Railways and long-distance road haulage transfer to the British Transport Commission.
Historical events in 1948
572 historical records
January 194828 historical events
President of Italy
Appointed President of Italy
President of Switzerland
Begins a one-year term as President of the Swiss Confederation.
Generalized Theory of Gravitation
Publishes a generalized theory of gravitation in Reviews of Modern Physics, presenting another stage of his sustained search for a unified geometric field theory.
Independence of Great Britain
Burma becomes an independent republic
Independence of Myanmar
Burma becomes an independent republic
Independence of Myanmar
Chosen as Independence Day by Burmese Astrologers
First Cabinet
Forms the first post-independence government of the Union of Burma
Prime Minister Takes Office
U Nu becomes first Prime Minister of independent Burma
President Takes Office
Sao Shwe Thaik becomes first President of independent Burma
Ministries Trial Opens
The Ministries Case opened against former diplomats, civil servants and political officials.
Hornbostel Testifies in Ministries Case
Theodor Hornbostel gives testimony as prosecutors introduce evidence concerning German diplomacy and the operation of the Foreign Office.
Peters Testifies in Ministries Case
Hans Peters testifies during the early prosecution case as the Tribunal reviews the conduct of senior civil and political officials.
Rodlova Testifies in Ministries Case
Ida Rodlova gives evidence during the prosecution's presentation of occupation policies and their consequences for civilians.
Gandhi Fast and Pakistan Funds
During Gandhi's fast, pressure increases on the Indian government to release Pakistan's agreed share of partition financial assets.
Fast
Threatens to starve if the Government does not pay ล44 million owed to Pakistan
Release of Pakistan Funds
The Indian government agrees to release Pakistan's outstanding share of partition financial assets during Gandhi's fast.
Fast
The Indian Government agrees to Gandhis demands & pays Pakistan ล44 million
Plot
Nearly assassinates Gandhi
Plot
A 3rd assassination attempt is made on Gandhis life
Arrest of Nathuran
Arrested for the assassination of Gandhi
Assassination of Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi
Asssasinates Gandhi in the garden of Birla house by shooting 3 times at him
Assassination of Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi
Assassinates Gandhi
Assassination of Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi
Assassinated by a Hindu journalist
Death of Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi
Death of Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi, assassinated by a Hindu journalist
Death of Orville Wright
Death of Orville Wright
Burial
Gandhi is buried
Western Army Operations
K. M. Cariappa commands the Western Army during major operations in Jammu and Kashmir before the 1949 ceasefire.
February 194834 historical events
Braeutigam Testifies in Ministries Case
Otto Braeutigam testifies about Eastern policy and the activities of government ministries involved in occupied territories.
Birth of Alice Cooper
Birth of Alice Cooper, Vincent Furnier
High Command Trial Opens
The High Command Case opened against senior German commanders and staff officers.
Schmidt Testifies in Ministries Case
Paul Schmidt appears as a witness while the prosecution develops evidence concerning diplomacy, policy decisions and senior government responsibility.
Young Presides as High Command Trial Opens
Young presided when the High Command Case opened against senior German military leaders accused of responsibility for unlawful orders and wartime operations.
Harding Joins High Command Tribunal
Harding joined the High Command Tribunal after earlier service in the Justice Case, participating in the prosecution of senior German military officers.
Hale Takes Seat on High Command Tribunal
Hale took his seat on Military Tribunal V at the opening of the High Command Case and began hearing evidence against senior commanders.
Heusinger Testifies in High Command Case
Adolf Heusinger testifies about German operational planning and the relationships among senior army commands.
Linge Testifies in High Command Case
Kurt Linge gives evidence as prosecutors begin presenting the military command structure and documentary record of wartime orders.
Battle of Naushera
Jadunath Singh leads the defence of a forward post at Naushera and is killed after repelling repeated assaults.
Shake Signs Revised Tribunal VI Procedure Rules
Shake signed an order adopting revised uniform procedural rules for Military Tribunal VI while the IG Farben Case remained in progress.
Army Resignation for Columbia University
Leaves active Army leadership to take up the presidency of Columbia University.
Wagner Testifies in High Command Case
Gerhard Wagner gives evidence concerning naval planning and the role of senior commanders in German military operations.
Westhoff Testifies on Prisoner Policy
Adolf Westhoff testifies about prisoner-of-war administration and military policies examined in the High Command prosecution.
Schemmel Testifies in High Command Case
Nikolaus Schemmel gives evidence while prosecutors develop the record of command responsibility and wartime military orders.
Resignation of Tetsu Katayama
Resigns after the budget is rejected by the head of the budget committee in the Diet
Lahousen Testifies in High Command Case
Erwin Lahousen returns as a witness to describe criminal orders and command discussions within the German armed forces.
Busson Testifies in High Command Case
Henri Busson gives evidence concerning German military conduct in occupied territories during the High Command proceedings.
Ohler Testifies in High Command Case
Paul Ohler appears as a prosecution witness as the Tribunal examines orders, reprisals and military responsibility.
President of Venezuela
Appointed President of Venezuela
Stumpff Testifies in High Command Case
Hans Stumpff testifies as prosecutors question witnesses about the structure, authority and conduct of Germany's senior military leadership.
Schoenig Testifies in High Command Case
Hans Schoenig gives evidence during the prosecution case concerning senior command policies and actions on the Eastern Front.
First Inter-Party Government
Becomes Taoiseach of the state's first inter-party government.
Hostage Trial Judgment
The tribunal found List guilty on war-crimes charges in the Hostage Case.
Hostage Trial Sentence
Kuntze was sentenced to life imprisonment in the Hostage Case.
Birth of Anthony Frank Iommi
Birth of Anthony Frank Iommi, later guitarist and sole continuous member of Black Sabbath.
Wennerstrum Presides over Hostage Judgment
Wennerstrum presided when the tribunal issued its Hostage Case judgment, addressing military command responsibility, reprisals and the treatment of civilians in occupied territory.
Burke Joins Hostage Judgment
Burke participated in the final judicial decision in the Hostage Case after the tribunal completed its review of evidence against the German commanders.
Capture of Prague
The Czechoslovak Communist Party is ordered to take power in Prague
Coup
The Czechoslovak Communist Party is ordered to take power in Prague
First Gottwald Government
The First Gottwald Government ends in Prague, concluding this term as Prime Minister of Czechoslovakia.
Second Gottwald Government
Begins the Second Gottwald Government in Prague and serves as Prime Minister of Czechoslovakia.
Doctors' Terms
Offers concessions to secure medical profession participation.
First Federal Budget
The government presents Pakistan's first federal budget.
March 194819 historical events
Birth of Christopher Russell Edward Squire
Birth of Christopher Russell Edward Squire, later Yes bassist and founding member.
Death of Jan Garrigue Masaryk
Death of Jan Garrigue Masaryk
Death of Jan Garrigue Masaryk
Dies by suicide or murder, then a communist putsch leads to Soviet power in Czech
RuSHA Trial Judgment and Sentence
Greifelt was convicted and sentenced to life imprisonment in the RuSHA Case.
Prime Minister of Japan
Appointed Prime Minister of Japan
Wyatt Presides over RuSHA Judgment and Sentencing
Wyatt presided when the RuSHA Tribunal announced its judgment and sentences, resolving charges arising from SS racial and resettlement policies.
O'Connell Participates in RuSHA Judgment
O'Connell participated in the tribunal's final determination of criminal responsibility in the RuSHA Case and the penalties imposed on convicted defendants.
Potsdam Agreement
Advised the west is going to transform Germany into a "military-political bloc". Accuses the west of breaking the Potsdam Agreement & the London Conference is invalid
Rule of Germany
Advised the west is going to transform Germany into a "military-political bloc"
Reballion of Kachin
Mandalay is captured by Kachin rebels. Kachin rebels capture Manadalay
Capture of Mandalay
Mandalay is captured by the Kachin rebels
Reballion of Kachin
Mandalay is captured by Kachin rebels. Kachin rebels capture Manadalay
Treaty of Brussels
The Treaty of Brussels, signed on 17 March 1948 by Belgium, The Netherlands, Luxembourg, France, and the United Kingdom, is considered the precursor to the NATO agreement
Clark Elementary Enrollment
Lee entered Clark Elementary School on March 19, 1948, after leaving Clayton Public School during his mother's divorce proceedings.
Reballion of Communists begin their
The White Flag Communists begin their rebellion
Reballion of Rebels in Communists
The White Flag Communists begin a revolt
Reballion of Communists begin their
The White Flag Communists begin their rebellion. The White Flag Communists begin a revolt
Declaration of War
Civil War breaks out when Picado attempts to annul the annual elections
Election
Civil War breaks out when Picado attempts to annul the annual elections
April 194833 historical events
Nationalisation of Electricity
The British Electricity Authority and regional boards assume control of the electricity supply industry.
Berlin Emergency Air Supply Tested
Clay orders an early emergency air-supply operation to test whether Berlin can be sustained without unrestricted land access.
Blockade of Berlin
General Clay orders a "baby airlift" into Berlin of enough supplies for 45 days
Russia halts 2 US & British trains
Russia halts 2 US & British trains after theiy refuse access to Russian inspectors
European Recovery Program
Marshall Plan assistance begins supporting European reconstruction and American export markets.
North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)
Signs the Treaty establishing the NATO alliance
North Atlantic Treaty Organisation (NATO)
Signs the Treaty establishing the NATO alliance
Treaty of NATO
Present at the signing ceremony
North Atlantic Treaty Organisation (NATO)
The North Atlantic Treaty is signed
Rule of Germany
The western powers & the US are committed to the defense of Germany & Berlin
Treaty of NATO
The North Atlantic Treaty is signed
western powers & the US are committed to the defense of
The western powers & the US are committed to the defense of Germany & Berlin
Treaty of NATO
Describes the Treaty as a "sheild against agression & the fear of agression"
North Atlantic Treaty Organisation (NATO)
Signs the Treaty establishing the NATO alliance
Treaty of NATO
Signs the Treaty establishing the NATO alliance
North Atlantic Treaty Organisation (NATO)
Signs the Treaty establishing the NATO alliance
North Atlantic Treaty Organisation (NATO)
The North Atlantic Treaty is signed
Rajauri Road Clearance
Rama Raghoba Rane clears mines and roadblocks under fire, enabling Indian armour to advance toward Rajauri.
Wyatt Presides over Einsatzgruppen Judgment
Wyatt presided when the tribunal delivered its judgment in the Einsatzgruppen Case after considering responsibility for organized mass executions in the occupied Soviet territories.
Crawford Participates in Einsatzgruppen Sentencing
Crawford participated when the tribunal imposed sentences on the convicted Einsatzgruppen defendants two days after the judgment was announced.
Constitution of Romania
Groza's government adopts the first communist constitution.
McCabe Becomes Federal Reserve Chairman
Thomas McCabe begins his term as chairman of the Federal Reserve Board during a period of growing disagreement between the central bank and the Treasury over the continued wartime policy of supporting government security prices.
Presidential Election
The National Assembly elects Chiang Kai-shek as the first President under the new Constitution.
Award
Awarded by George VI marking the 600th anniversary of the Order of the Garter
Capture of San Jose
Leads the National Liberation Party which captures San Jose
Resignation of Teodoro Picado
Picado resigns & the regular army is disbanded
Capture of Mandalay
The Government recaptures Manadalay from the Kachin rebels
Reballion of Kachin
The Government recaptures Manadalay from the Kachin rebels
Baby of the House
Enters the Commons as one of the youngest MPs of the post-war Parliament.
House of Commons Entry
Begins his first period of service in the House of Commons.
Southwark Central By-election
Wins the Southwark Central by-election and enters the House of Commons.
Siege of Yanan
Communist forces reoccupy Yanโan after Nationalist troops withdraw from the area.
OEEC Participation
Iceland joins the Organisation for European Economic Co-operation and participates in the post-war European recovery framework associated with Marshall Plan assistance.
May 194826 historical events
Birth of William Thomas Ward
Birth of William Thomas Ward, later drummer and founding member of Black Sabbath.
Defence Ministry Returns
Returns as Minister of National Defence for a long 2nd term
Temporary Provisions Promulgated
Promulgates the Temporary Provisions Effective During the Period of Communist Rebellion, expanding emergency presidential powers during the civil war.
Birth of Steve Winwood
Birth of Steve Winwood.
President of Italy
Appointed President of Italy
Independence of Great Britain
Britain surrenders its mandate over Palestine
Independence of Great Britain
Britain surrenders its mandate over Palestine
Independence of Israel
Britain surrenders its mandate over Palestine
Independence of Israel
Signs the Declaration of Independence
Palestine War
Commits Egyptian forces to the war following the end of the British Mandate in Palestine.
Invasion of Israel
The Arabs invade Israel on the day the British mandate ends
Prime Minister of Israel
1st day of the War of Independence
Birth of Olivia Trinidad Arias
Birth of Olivia Trinidad Arias
Presidential Inauguration
Takes office as the first constitutional President of the Republic of China.
Constitution of Czechoslovakia
The Communists assumed complete power in a coup
Coup
The Communists assumed complete power in a coup
Election to Parliament
Wins election to Parliament for the constituency of George.
George Constituency Victory
Enters national politics as the National Party takes power.
Trial
Opening of Godses trial for the assasination of Gandhi
Promoted General
Promoted to General and becomes the first full general of the Vietnam People's Army
Birth of John Bonham
Birth of John Bonham
Birth of John Bonham
Birth of John Bonham, later Led Zeppelin's drummer.
Capture of Shanghai
Shanghai surrenders to the Communists
Visit to Paris
Elizabeth & Philip make their 1st official tour, a royal state visit to France
Visit to Paris
Elizabeth & Philip make their 1st official tour, a royal state visit to France
Congress of Europe
Attends the Congress of Europe at the Hague, Churchill becomes its central figure
June 194843 historical events
Apartheid
Forms the 1st all Afrikaner Government, with a majority of 5
Constitution of South Africa
Forms the 1st all Afrikaner Government, with a majority of 5
Prime Minister of South Africa
Appointed Prime Minister of South Africa
Malan Premiership Begins
Begins implementing the formal apartheid programme.
National Party Government
Forms a National Party government after the general election.
Resignation of Eduard Benes
Benes resigns as President and Gottwald succeeds him as President
London Recommendations
The London Recommendations call on German Laender premiers to convene a Constituent Assembly
Conference of London
Authorizes the Lander & provisional assemblies to open a constituent assembly
Constitution of Russia
Authorizes the Lander & provisional assemblies to open a constituent assembly
Columbia University Inauguration
Inaugurated as president of Columbia University.
Independence of Vietnam
Bollaert signs an accord with Van Xuan recognizing Vietnams independence
Prime Minister of Turkey
Appointed Prime Minister of Turkey, 2nd term
IG Farben Trial Concludes
The evidentiary proceedings in the IG Farben Case concluded after a lengthy trial.
Nationalisation
Groza's government nationalises major industrial, banking, and transport enterprises.
Second Gottwald Government
The Second Gottwald Government ends in Prague, concluding this term as Prime Minister of Czechoslovakia.
Zapotocky Government
Begins the Zapotocky Government in Prague and serves as Prime Minister of Czechoslovakia.
Berlin Counter-Blockade Announced
Western governments answer Soviet restrictions with economic countermeasures while refusing to abandon Berlin.
Blockade of Berlin
The west announces a counter-blockade from west to east. Announces the British will not withdraw from Berlin
Occupation
Announces the British will not withdraw from Berlin
Berlin Road Rail and Power Restrictions Intensified
Soviet measures halt road and rail access and restrict power supplies while the Western airlift and counter-blockade expand.
Blockade of Berlin
The west announces a counter-blockade from west to east. Russian power cuts in west Berlin & a halt of all railway traffic. Russia imposes a blockade on Berlin. Announces the blockade & imposes a total road & rail blockade in & out of Berlin
Birth of Patrick Moraz
Birth of Patrick Moraz, later Yes keyboard player during the Relayer period.
Siege of Berlin
The west anounces a counter-blockade from west to east. Russia blockades Berlin, the US says that it will stay in Berlin
Berlin US Position Reaffirmed
Clay states that the United States will remain in Berlin despite Soviet pressure and access restrictions.
Blockade of Berlin
Announces only a war can drive the US out of Berlin
President of South Korea
Appointed President of South Korea
Berlin Airlift
First day of the Berlin Airlift
Berlin Blockade Removal Demanded
Attlee's government demands restoration of access to Berlin and rejects Soviet pressure on the Western sectors.
Blockade of Berlin
Demands that Russia lift its blockade of Berlin
Berlin Crisis Compared with Munich
Churchill warns that the confrontation over Berlin poses a grave international danger comparable with earlier European crises.
Blockade of Berlin
Makes a speech saying the crisis is potentially as serious as the Munich conference
Flick Sentences Affirmed by Military Governor
The United States Military Governor affirms the sentences imposed in the Flick Case after post-trial review.
Treaty of Friendship are reversed
The policies resulting from the Treaty of Friendship are reversed after the Tito-Stalin split when Bulgaria, being subordinated to the interests of the Soviet Union, took a stance against Yugoslavia
Treaty of Friendship
The policies resulting from the Treaty of Friendship are reversed after the Tito-Stalin split when Bulgaria, being subordinated to the interests of the Soviet Union, took a stance against Yugoslavia
Treaty of Friendship
When the Cominform campaign against Yugoslavia severed the Yugoslav Communist party leadership, the government of the People's Republic of Bulgaria deleted the Treaty of Friendship, Cooperation and Mutual Assistance of Bled with all agreements, except the decision of pardon of war damages
Doctor Sign-Up
Secures broad general practitioner participation before launch.
NHS Leaflet
Explains the new service to households before Appointed Day.
Public Information Campaign
Promotes the new service before launch day.
Reform of Imperial Titles
Surrenders the title Emperor of India
Rule of India
Surrenders the title Emperor of India
Reform of Education
The Imperial Rescript on Education is annuled by the Diet
Cominform
Yugoslavia is expelled from the Cominform
Diplomatic Expulsion
Yugoslavia is expelled from the Cominform
July 194854 historical events
State Bank of Pakistan
Jinnah inaugurates the State Bank of Pakistan.
Hospital Nationalisation
free medical treatment for the entire population from the cradle to the grave. Bevan opens the NHS, 90% of doctors sign up
NHS Launch
Bevan opens the NHS at Park Hospital, Manchester; about 90 percent of doctors have signed up.
National Health Service Launch
By NHS Appointed Day, July 5, 1948, 90% of doctors had signed up for the new service. Bevan opens one of the world's first and most comprehensive health services to the British people
National Health Service Launch
Ends doctors' professional independence and their right to buy or sell general practices. Charity hospitals and former poor law hospitals run by local authorities are nationalised.
Poor Law
Charity hospitals and former poor law hospitals run by local authorities are nationalised
NHS Launch
Presides over the government that launches the NHS.
Park Hospital Launch
Receives Bevan during the Park Hospital launch ceremony.
Ambulance Services
Ambulance provision forms part of the new public service.
Dental Treatment
Dental treatment becomes available through the NHS.
Executive Councils Begin
Executive councils start administering contracts and payments for general practitioners, dentists, pharmacists and opticians within the new NHS structure.
Executive Councils Start
Executive councils begin managing family practitioner services.
Family Doctors
Brings most family doctors into the health service.
First NHS Hospital
Receives symbolic hospital keys at Park Hospital.
Free at Point of Use
Establishes services free at the point of delivery.
General Practice
General practice enters the new service after difficult negotiations.
General Practitioner Contractor Status
General practitioners enter the NHS as independent contractors rather than salaried state employees, preserving a model that becomes central to British primary care.
General Taxation
Launches a service mainly funded through general taxation.
Hospital Boards
Oversees regional hospital boards at launch.
Hospital Consultants
Consultants join the NHS while retaining private practice rights.
Hospital Management Committees Begin
Hundreds of hospital management committees begin administering local groups of NHS hospitals under the supervision of the regional hospital boards.
Hospital Transfer
Hospitals transfer into the new national service.
Local Authority Services
Local authorities begin new community health duties.
Local Health Authority Services
Local health authorities retain responsibility for community services including health visiting, maternity support, ambulances and preventive health work within the NHS settlement.
Maternity Services
Maternity care is brought into the health service framework.
Mental Health Hospitals
Mental hospitals transfer into the national hospital system.
Municipal Hospitals Transfer
Municipal hospitals pass into the new NHS, integrating a large network of general, mental health and long-stay beds into the national service.
NHS Appointed Day
The National Health Service begins across Britain.
NHS Finance
The new service is financed mainly from taxation.
NHS Launch
Launches the NHS at Park Hospital near Manchester.
NHS Opening Speech
Marks the opening of the health service at Park Hospital.
NHS Principles
Launches a service universal and free at the point of use.
Optical Treatment
Optical treatment becomes available through the NHS.
Poor Law Hospitals
Former poor law hospitals become part of the NHS.
Prescriptions
Prescriptions are supplied free under the new service.
Regional Hospital Boards Begin
Fourteen regional hospital boards begin operating in England and Wales, taking strategic responsibility for hospital planning and specialist services.
Regional Hospital Boards Start
Regional hospital boards begin administering hospital services.
Teaching Hospitals
Teaching hospitals receive special boards of governors.
Tuberculosis Services
Tuberculosis services are absorbed into the new health system.
Voluntary Hospitals Transfer
More than one thousand voluntary hospitals in England and Wales transfer into the NHS, bringing their beds and services into public administration.
Voluntary Hospitals
Voluntary hospitals transfer into the national hospital service.
NHS Scotland Launch
Launches the Scottish NHS arrangements on the same appointed day.
First NHS Patient
Becomes the first patient treated at the symbolic launch hospital.
Ordination of Tomas O'Fiaich
ร Fiaich is ordained to the priesthood for the Archdiocese of Armagh after completing his clerical formation.
President of Panama
Appointed President of Panama
North Atlantic Treaty Organisation (NATO)
The US Senate ratifies the NATO Treaty after 2 weeks of debate
North Atlantic Treaty Organisation (NATO)
The US Senate ratifies the NATO Treaty after 2 weeks of debate
Prime Minister
Takes office as Prime Minister of Finland and forms a government in Helsinki.
Government Ends
His government ends in Helsinki, concluding this term as Prime Minister of Finland.
IG Farben Trial Sentence
Krauch received a prison sentence as the tribunal sentenced the convicted IG Farben defendants.
Krupp Trial Judgment and Sentence
Krupp was convicted and sentenced to twelve years imprisonment in the Krupp Case.
Anderson Participates in Krupp Judgment
Anderson participated in the final Krupp judgment, which addressed forced labour, plunder and the responsibility of industrial managers for wartime conduct.
Wilkins Issues Separate Opinion in Krupp Case
Wilkins issued a separate opinion in connection with the Krupp judgment, recording his individual legal reasoning alongside the tribunal's principal decision.
President of South Korea
Appointed President of the Republic of Korea
August 19487 historical events
President of Paraguay
Takes office during a turbulent Colorado Party period.
Democratic Opposition
Kerensky develops his views through democratic opposition after 1917.
Gold Yuan Reform
The government replaces the failing fabi currency with the gold yuan in an unsuccessful effort to control wartime inflation.
Birth of Robert Anthony Plant
Birth of Robert Anthony Plant
Birth of Robert Plant
Birth of Robert Plant, later Led Zeppelin's singer and lyricist.
Constitution of South Korea
The Government of the Republic of Korea is formally founded
Independence of South Korea
The Government of the Republic of Korea is formally founded
September 194813 historical events
President of Ecuador
Appointed President of Ecuador
President of Ecuador
Appointed President of Ecuador
Law for Permanent Defense of Democracy
Promulgates legislation outlawing the Communist Party and removing many members from electoral rolls.
Death of Eduard Benes
Death of Eduard Benes.
Democratic Peoples Republic of Korea
Proclaims the Democratic Peoples Republic of Korea.
Supreme Peoples Assembly
Becomes first head of state under the new constitution.
Death of Muhammad Ali Jinnah
Muhammad Ali Jinnah dies after thirteen months as Governor-General.
Death of Mohammed Ali Jinnah
Spends many months at his official retreat in Ziarat, but dies from a combination of tuberculosis and lung cancer
Death of Mohammed Ali Jinnah
Spends many months at his official retreat in Ziarat, but dies from a combination of tuberculosis and lung cancer
Governor-General of Pakistan
Khwaja Nazimuddin succeeds Jinnah as Governor-General.
Birth of Kenney Jones
Birth of later Who drummer Kenney Jones.
Western European Unions Defence Organization
The Treaty of Brussels and the Soviet Berlin Blockade led to the creation of the Western European Union's Defence Organization in September 1948
Integration of Hyderabad
Patel oversees the political integration of Hyderabad into the Indian Union after Operation Polo.
October 19487 historical events
Battle of Tithwal
Karam Singh holds a forward position at Tithwal under repeated attacks and later receives the Param Vir Chakra.
Prime Minister of Japan
Appointed Prime Minister of Japan, 2nd term
Young Presides over High Command Judgment
Young presided as the tribunal began delivering judgment in the High Command Case, assessing the individual responsibility of senior German commanders.
High Command Trial Sentence
Leeb was sentenced to three years imprisonment, effectively time served, in the High Command Case.
Hale Participates in Final High Command Judgment Session
Hale participated as the High Command Tribunal completed its judgment and resolved the remaining findings against the military defendants.
Capture of Manchuria
300,000 Nationalist troops surrender & the Communists gain power over Manchuria
Visit to Japan at the invitation of General Douglas
Visits Japan at the invitation of General Douglas MacArthur
November 194818 historical events
Operation Bison
K. S. Thimayya directs the armoured operation that breaks through at Zoji La and restores the route toward Ladakh.
President of USA
Appointed President of the USA, 33rd President, 2nd term
Battle of Huai-Hai
The Huaihai Campaign begins; catastrophic Nationalist defeats during the campaign destroy major armies and accelerate the collapse of Chiangโs mainland position.
Birth of Glenn Frey
Birth of Glenn Frey, later founding guitarist, vocalist and songwriter with Eagles.
Birth of Luiz Felipe Scolari
Birth of Luiz Felipe Scolari
Trial
Sentenced to death for war crimes
Birth of Charles
Birth of Charles, Elizabeth Is 1st son & heir
Birth of Charles
Birth of Charles, Elizabeth's 1st son & heir
Prime Minister of Canada
Becomes prime minister after Mackenzie King retires.
1st Sound Barrier
1st to break the sound barrier
Military Coup
The armed forces overthrew President Romulo Gallegos and installed a military junta.
President of Venezuela
Appointed President of the Military Junta of Venezuela after the overthrow of Romulo Gallegos
Battle of Huai-Hai
The Nationalist 7th & Second Army Groups are defeated along the Lung-Hai railway
Capture of Chungking
Chunking surrenders to the Communists
Second Army
The Nationalist 7th & Second Army Groups are defeated along the Lung-Hai railway
Pingjin Campaign
Nationalist forces suffer mounting pressure in the Pingjin Campaign as Communist armies isolate major cities across northern China.
Nineteen Eighty-Four Draft
Completes the manuscript of Nineteen Eighty-Four.
Purge
Lenigrad is purged
December 194817 historical events
Birth of John Michael Osbourne
Birth of John Michael Osbourne, later singer with Black Sabbath and a major solo artist.
Emergency Martial Law
Declares emergency martial-law measures as Communist military victories intensify the Nationalist governmentโs crisis.
Invasion of Costa Rica
Ex-President, Guardia, invades Costa Rica from Nicaragua with an army of 1,000
Invasion of Costa Rica
Ex-President, Guardia, invades Costa Rica from Nicaragua with an army of 1,000
Deposed in Coup
Castaneda Castro is overthrown by young military officers
Revolutionary Council Takes Power
Oscar Osorio becomes a leading figure in the Revolutionary Council of Government
First French Controlled Chain Reaction
Achieves the first controlled nuclear chain reaction on French territory.
Zoe Reactor Criticality
Helps bring Frances first experimental nuclear reactor to criticality.
French Reactor
Leads work culminating in France's first nuclear reactor.
Baptism
The Princes godparents are King George VI, Queen Mary, Princess Margaret, the Dowager Marchioness of Milford Haven, David Bowes-Lyon, Lady Brabourne, King Haakon VII of Norway (for whom the Earl of Athlone stood proxy), and Prince George of Greece. Prince Charles baptised in the Music Room of Buckingham Palace by the Archbishop of Canterbury, Dr Geoffrey Fisher
Capture of La Cruz
La Cruz is captured by armed supporters of Calderon Guardia
Capture of La Cruz
La Cruz is captured by armed supporters of Calderon Guardia
Occupation
The US National Security Council issues the 9-Point Program
Republic of Ireland Act
Costello's administration secures enactment of the Republic of Ireland Act, ending the Crown's remaining statutory external role.
Chen Cheng Appointment
Appoints Chen Cheng as Governor of Taiwan Province while preparing the island as an increasingly important Nationalist base.
Chiang Ching-kuo Taiwan Party Appointment
Places Chiang Ching-kuo in charge of the Kuomintang organization in Taiwan Province as the party prepares for possible retreat from the mainland.
Assassination of Mahmoud el-Nokrashy Pasha
Is assassinated by a member of the Muslim Brotherhood.
Grundzuge der Naturphilosophie
Publication of "Grundzuge der Naturphilosophie"
Field Theory Publications
Publishes further work on field theory as part of his sustained effort to find a unified mathematical framework for fundamental interactions.
Death of Ferdinand I
Death of Ferdinand I
Secretary of State for External Affairs
Appointed Foreign Secretary
Minister of Finance
Serves as Minister of Finance and pursues fiscal restraint during the Gonzalez Videla government.
Kuomingtang
Founder of the Kuomindang Revolutionary Committee, 1 of Chinas 8 democratic parties
Capture of Shanghai
Shanghai surrenders to the Communists. Shanghai surrenders to the Communists who then gain control of Canton
President of Costa Rica
Appointed President of Costa Rica, 1st term
President of Costa Rica
Appointed President of Costa Rica
Election
President Picado declare the election of Otilio Ulate a fraud & refuses to stand down
Election
President Picado declare the election of Otilio Ulate a fraud & refuses to stand down
Election
President Picado declare the election of Otilio Ulate a fraud & refuses to stand down
President of Cuba
Appointed President of Cuba
Bishop
Appointed Bishop of Kitium
President of Czechoslovakia
Appointed President of Czechoslovakia
Prime Minister of Czechoslovakia
Appointed Prime Minister of Czech
Institute for Advanced Study Research
Works in the United States at the Institute for Advanced Study, extending his training in theoretical and nuclear physics before moving to Columbia University.
High Dam Concept
Daninos develops a proposal for a much larger storage dam upstream of Aswan.
Battle of Faluja
Receives serious wounds during the Battle of Faluja
Independence of Egypt
Heads a group of officers dedicated to Egyptian nationalism
Invasion of Israel
Israel gains more land than had been allocated to it by the United Nations Palestine resolution of 1947
Rule of Gaza
During the 1948 Arabi War, Egypt holds Gaza and its surrounding area and occupies the city after the war. After the Armistice with Israel Egypt retains the Gaza Strip
Leader Officers
Heads a group of officers dedicated to Egyptian nationalism
Council of Europe
During the last days of his first administration, Schuman's Government proposed plans that later resulted in the Council of Europe and the European Community single market
Council of Europe
Schuman's government promoted post-war European cooperation, including initiatives that contributed to the Council of Europe and later supranational integration.
Foreign Secretary of France
Appointed Foreign Secretary
Council of Europe
During the last days of his first administration, Schuman's Government proposed plans that later resulted in the Council of Europe and the European Community single market
Prime Minister of France
Appointed Prime Minister of France, 1st term
Sense and Non-Sense
Merleau-Ponty publishes Sense and Non-Sense, collecting essays on philosophy, art and politics.
The Blum Affair
Directs Affaire Blum, a DEFA film about antisemitism and justice.
Chairman
Appointed Chairman of the Parliamentary Council, West Germany's ruling body
Constitution of Germany
The Basic Laws are drawn up to provide West Germany with a working constitution. The Basic Law rests on the will of the people of the western Lander. A Federal Assembly, the Bundestag, is to be elected every 4 yrs by universal suffrage. A Constitution is postponed until re-unification
Legislation
The Basic Law rests on the will of the people of the western Lander
Universal Suffrage
A Federal Assembly, the Bundestag, is to be elected every 4 yrs by universal suffrage
Basel Professorship
Jaspers moves to the University of Basel to continue his philosophical work.
State Department Research Career
Marcuse continued German and Central European political research within American government institutions after the war.
FDP-Scheel
Appointed Member of Federal Democratic Party
Death of Walter von Brauchitsch
Death of Walter Brauchitsch
Trial
Extradited to the Soviet Union where he is condemned to a 10-years sentence in 1952 for war crimes
Arrest of Siegmund Wilhelm von List
Imprisoned for war crimes in the Balkans during Word War II
Oliver Twist
Starts in "Oliver Twist", Fagin
Scott of the Antarctic
Appears as Captain Robert Falcon Scott in Scott of the Antarctic
Anna Karenina
Stars in "Anna Karenina"
The Loved One
Publication of "The Loved One"
Writers and Leviathan Draft
Orwell worked on reflections about the difficult relationship between writers and political power.
Heart of the Matter
Publication of "Heart of the Matter"
On Seeming To Presume
Publication of "On Seeming To Presume"
Barnhill Writing
Works on Nineteen Eighty-Four while seriously ill.
Birth of Chris Smith
Musician Chris Smith is born in Birmingham.
Congress of Europe
Attends the Congress of Europe at the Hague
Treaty of Brussels Defence
Britain, France & the Benelux sign the Brussels Defence Treaty
Southwark Central By-election
Elected Labour MP for Southwark Central at a by-election.
Companies Act
Oversees company law reform through the Companies Act during Attlee's Labour Government.
Economic Controls
Reduces the number of licences and permits required by businesses after wartime controls.
Economy of Great Britain
Exchange controls are removed, a trade surplus changes to a deficit
Exchange Controls
Exchange controls are removed, a trade surplus changes to a deficit
Legislation
Gets the Monopolies Act passed & is responsible for its implementation
Legislation
The Monopolies Act is passed, sponsored by the Board of Trade
Monopolies and Restrictive Practices Act
Sponsors legislation creating machinery to investigate monopolies and restrictive trade practices.
Rationing
Begins removing wartime controls and rationing restrictions in a policy known as the bonfire of controls.
Reform of Monopolies
Gets the Monopolies Act passed & is responsible for its implementation
Reform of Monopolies
The Monopolies Act is passed, sponsored by the Board of Trade
Reform of Trade
The Development of Industry Bill is passed, sponsored by the Board of Trade
Reform of Trade
The Distribution of Industry Bill is passed, sponsored by the Board of Trade
Reform of Trade
The Export Guarantees Bill is passed, sponsored by the Board of Trade
Companies Act
Companies Act 1948 consolidates and reforms company law
Monopolies and Restrictive Practices Inquiry and Control Act
Monopolies and Restrictive Practices Inquiry and Control Act 1948 creates machinery to investigate monopolies
House of Commons Members Fund Act
House of Commons Members Fund Act 1948 alters arrangements for assistance to former members and dependants
NHS Foundation Government
The Labour Party Government is in office as this NHS milestone occurs: The National Health Service begins, providing healthcare free at the point of delivery.
NHS Foundation NHS Development
This NHS development occurs while Clement Attlee serves as Prime Minister: The National Health Service begins, providing healthcare free at the point of delivery.
NHS Foundation
During Clement Attlee's government, the National Health Service begins, providing healthcare free at the point of delivery.
Treaty of Brussels Allliance
Negotiates the Brussels alliance Treaty
Royal Institute of International Affairs
From 1948 to 1960 he was a councillor for the Royal Institute of International Affairs.
Ramblers Association
Appointed President of the Ramblers Association
Finance Act
Finance Act 1948 sets taxation and economic measures during austerity
Alliance Great Britain and United States
Informs the Cabinet Defence Committee the USA will be the major partner in conflicts
Berlin Airlift Response Expanded
Western powers answer the blockade by supplying Berlin from the air while governments prepare for possible escalation.
Blockade of Berlin
The Russians blockade Berlin and the West responds with an airlift; during the Berlin crisis the government makes contingency plans for war
Defence Agreement at London
Informs the Cabinet Defence Committee the USA will be the major partner in conflicts. Concludes a further secret agreement on intelligence collaboration with the USA
Mobilization
The Civil Defence Act is passed
Nationalization
The railways are nationalised
British Nationality Act
British Nationality Act 1948 creates citizenship of the United Kingdom and Colonies
Children Act
Children Act 1948 reforms child care and local authority duties toward children
Criminal Justice Act
Criminal Justice Act 1948 reforms sentencing and abolishes penal servitude
Representation of the People Act
Representation of the People Act 1948 reforms electoral law and abolishes plural voting
Law Reform Personal Injuries Act
Law Reform Personal Injuries Act 1948 changes civil damages rules in personal injury cases
Agricultural Holdings Act
Agricultural Holdings Act 1948 consolidates law on agricultural tenancies in England and Wales
Gas Act
Gas Act 1948 nationalises the gas industry and creates area gas boards
Local Government Act
Local Government Act 1948 changes local government finance and Exchequer grant arrangements
Nurseries and Child-Minders Regulation Act
Nurseries and Child-Minders Regulation Act 1948 regulates nurseries and child minding
Employment and Training Act
Employment and Training Act 1948 provides powers for employment services and training after the war
Wages Councils Act
Wages Councils Act 1948 consolidates wage council law for trades with regulated minimum pay
National Assistance Act
National Assistance Act 1948 abolishes the Poor Law and creates a national assistance scheme
NHS Doctor Concessions
Offers concessions to bring doctors into the new service.
Standing Medical Advisory Committee
Cohen chairs the Standing Medical Advisory Committee, providing ministers with professional advice on clinical policy during the NHS's formative years.
Agricultural Holdings Scotland Act
Agricultural Holdings Scotland Act 1948 consolidates Scottish agricultural tenancy law
Election
The visit to South Africa does not prevent Nationalist victory at the elections
Visit to To South Africa does not prevent Nationalist
The visit to South Africa does not prevent Nationalist victory at the elections
Painting as a Pastime Published
Churchill published Painting as a Pastime, reflecting on painting as a creative activity and intellectual respite.
The Gathering Storm Published
Churchill published The Gathering Storm, the first volume of his historical account of the Second World War.
Human Knowledge, Its Scope and Limits
Publication of "Human Knowledge, Its Scope & Limits"
BMA Ballot
Doctors vote amid dispute over joining the new service.
Trinity Hall Cambridge
Begins reading law at Trinity Hall, Cambridge, after completing his national service.
Advocates recognizing the state of Israel
Advocates recognizing the state of Israel
European Unity
Engages in Conservative debates over postwar European cooperation and security
Editor
Rejoins Tribune as editor from 1948 to 1952
Tribune
Rejoins Tribune as editor from 1948 to 1952
Mr Attlee
Publishes Mr Attlee, an interim biography of the Labour Prime Minister.
Press Monopoly
Uses Tribune to criticise concentrated press ownership and defend independent socialist journalism.
State of Israel
Supports the establishment and survival of Israel while challenging aspects of British policy.
Young Labour Member of Parliament
Becomes one of the youngest Labour members in the postwar House of Commons.
Chatham House
Healey serves as a councillor of the Royal Institute of International Affairs.
Royal Institute of International Affairs
Healey begins service as a councillor of the Royal Institute of International Affairs.
Honorary Fellow of Queen's College
Queen's College, Oxford elects Edwin Hubble an Honorary Fellow in recognition of his notable contributions to astronomy and his international standing as an observational cosmologist.
The Greatest of All Telescopes
Hubble publishes The Greatest of All Telescopes in The Listener, describing the scientific promise of the 200-inch Hale telescope as the new leading instrument for deep-space astronomy.
Steady State Theory
Bondi formulates the steady state model in which the universe has no beginning in time
Steady State Theory
Gold helps formulate the steady state model as a rival to Big Bang cosmology
Continuous Creation
Uses continuous creation of matter to preserve constant cosmic density in steady state cosmology.
Steady State Theory
Develops the steady state alternative to evolving-universe cosmology with Bondi and Gold.
Creation Field Theory
Hoyle formulated a field theory in which matter creation maintained the density of an expanding steady-state universe.
Steady-State Cosmology Collaboration
Hoyle, Bondi, and Gold developed related steady-state cosmologies while exchanging ideas in Cambridge.
Chess Program
Begins writing a chess program for a computer that does not yet exist
Departure from NPL
Leaves the National Physical Laboratory after delays in constructing the full ACE design.
Generalised Cholesky Method
Describes a generalisation of Choleskys method with advantages for numerical accuracy and convenience.
Intelligent Machinery
Writes the NPL report Intelligent Machinery, one of the earliest substantial discussions of machine intelligence.
Machine Learning by Training
Explores the idea that intelligent behaviour can emerge by training a machine through experience and modification.
Manchester Computing Laboratory
Moves to the University of Manchester as Deputy Director of the Computing Machine Laboratory.
Manchester Mark I Contribution
Begins contributing to the practical and theoretical development of the Manchester Mark I computer.
Matrix Numerical Stability
Shows that several standard matrix methods need not suffer catastrophic exponential accumulation of rounding error.
Practical Forms of Type Theory
Publishes Practical Forms of Type Theory, proposing nested-type and concealed-type logical systems.
Rounding-Off Errors in Matrix Processes
Publishes a major numerical-analysis paper examining error growth in methods for solving linear equations and inverting matrices.
Unorganised Machines
Introduces unorganised machines as networks whose behaviour can be trained rather than completely fixed in advance.
Tootill Helps Build Experimental Computer
Geoff Tootill worked alongside Williams and Kilburn on the Manchester Small Scale Experimental Machine. The development made new measurements available to physical science.
Manchester Baby Executes Stored Program
The Small Scale Experimental Machine successfully ran an electronically stored program in June. The project established a technique that other researchers could build upon.
Electron Holography Concept
Proposes wavefront reconstruction as a method to overcome limitations in electron microscopy, establishing the principle of holography.
Debut
Makes his England debut against Switzerland; goes on to captain his country three times
Player of the Year
FWA Footballer of the Year
Busby Secures Cup Against Blackpool
A 4-2 result over Blackpool brings Manchester United the trophy under Busby.
1948 League Championship Manager
Wins the First Division championship in his first full season as Arsenal manager.
Clarke Leads Portsmouth Post War Attack
Clarke offers experienced centre-forward play as Portsmouth emerges as a leading First Division side after the resumption of regular league football.
Harris Develops as Pompey Right Winger
Harris becomes a prominent right-sided attacker for Portsmouth, bringing pace and scoring threat to Bob Jackson's team.
Welsh Centre Forward At Villa
Trevor Ford established himself as a forceful Aston Villa centre-forward and earned recognition for his goal-scoring performances.
Minister of Internal Affairs
Appointed Minister of Internal Affairs, 1st term
Der Junge Hegel
Publication of "Der Junge Hegel"
Kashmir Dispute
Nehru's government remains engaged in the unresolved Kashmir dispute as India and Pakistan contest the state's political future.
PSI
Founds & leads the Partai Sosialis Indonesia
Parliamentary Secretary
Appointed Parliamentary Secretary to the Minister for Industry and Commerce
Republic of Ireland Bill
Supports the government's legislation ending the remaining statutory role of the British Crown in external relations.
Foreign Secretary of Israel
Appointed Foreign Minister
President of Israel
Appointed provisional President of Israel
President of Israel
Appointed President of Israel
Prime Minister of Israel
Appointed Prime Minister of Israel, 1st term
Rule of Jerusalem
Jerusalem is divided with Jordan ruling the east & Israel the west of the city
Party Leader
Appointed Party Leader of the Herut Party
Independence of Israel
Declares the State of Israel
Drunken Angel
Kurosawas Drunken Angel
Election
Wins the election with an outright majority
Renormalized Quantum Electrodynamics
Develops a renormalized formulation of quantum electrodynamics for calculating electron-photon interactions.
Execution
Executed as a war criminal
Independence of Jordan
Palestine does not receive international recognition
Independence of Palestine
Palestine does not receive international recognition
Rule of Jerusalem
Jerusalem is divided with Jordan ruling the east & Israel the west of the city
Rule of West Bank
After the Armistice with Israel Jordan retains the West Bank
Arab Legion Enters Palestine
The Arab Legion entered the former British Mandate territory of Palestine after the British withdrawal, becoming a major force in the 1948 Arab-Israeli war.
Battle for Old City
Arab Legion troops fought for control of Jerusalem's Old City and held it through the war, giving Abdullah control of an especially sensitive religious and political centre.
Prime Minister of Kampuchea
Appointed Prime Minister of Kampuchea, 1st term
Invasion of Burma
The Kuomingtang are supplied by the US & hope to recapture China. The defeated Kuomingtang Army in China occuppies Shan State
Succession
Succeeds as Queen of The Netherlands
Genocide Convention Is Adopted
The General Assembly adopted the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide.
Universal Human Rights Declaration Adopted
The United Nations adopted the Universal Declaration of Human Rights in December.
War Crimes Commission Closes
The United Nations War Crimes Commission concluded its operations at the end of March.
Refugee Crisis
Abbas and his family leave Safed during the 1948 war and become part of the Palestinian refugee population
Pardon
Pardons all wartime collaborators
Communist Party
Appointed Member of Communist Party of Poland
Party Leader
Appointed Party Leader of the Polish Workers Party
Polish United Workers Party
The Polish Workers Party & the Polish Soc Party form the Polish United Workers Party
Story of a Real Man
Composes, "Story of a Real Man"
Assassination of Andrei Aleksandrovich Zhdanov
Assassinated during what in 1953 would become the "doctors plot"
Death of Andrei Aleksandrovich Zhdanov
Death of Andrei Aleksandrovich Zhadnov, assassinated during the "doctors plot"
Plot
Assassinated during what in 1953 would become the "doctors plot"
Withdrawal Negotiations at Moscow
Russia withdraws from the Allied Control Council, followed by the Berlin Blockade
Berlin Western Sectors Pressured
The Soviet blockade is intended to force Britain, France and the United States to abandon their positions in Berlin.
Blockade of Berlin
Trys to push the Allies out of their zones by blockading Berlin, June 1948-Spring 1949
Cominform
After the expulsion of Yugoslavia from the group the seat is moved to Bucharest, Romania
DPRK
Russia founds the DPRK in North Korea
Diplomatic Expulsion at Moscow
Yugoslavia is expelled from the Cominform. The German D-Mark is banned from circulation in the FDR
Politburo
Appointed Member of Politburo
Collective Farm Consolidation in Ukraine
Supports consolidation of Ukrainian collective farms and continued postwar agricultural reconstruction.
Birth of Anatoly Shcharansky
Birth of Anatoly Shcharansky
F-1 Reactor
Soviet reactor work uses uranium for plutonium production.
Nuclear Power
Helps invent the hydrogen bomb
Soviet Delegates Address Human Rights
Soviet representatives participated in debates preceding adoption of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, while abstaining on the final vote.
Soviets Debate Berlin Crisis
The Soviet Union faced Security Council deliberations concerning the Berlin blockade under Stalin's leadership.
Constitution of South Africa
The Statute of Westminster abolishes the 2/3 majority for constitutional change. The Status of the Union Act & Statute of Westminster abolish 2/3 maj for const change. The Status of the Union Act abolishes the 2/3 majority for constitutional change. The Status of the Union Act abolishes 2/3 majority vote for constitutional change. The Status of the Union Act abolishes 2/3 majority needed for constitutional change
Election
Establishes an epoch of unbroken Nationalist rule
Franchise
The Coloured Voters Bill to disenfranchise blacks is rejected by the courts
Government
Establishes a Government with the support of the Afrikaner Party
Legislation
The Statute of Westminster abolishes the 2/3 majority for constitutional change. The Status of the Union Act abolishes 2/3 majority vote for constitutional change. The Coloured Voters Bill to disenfranchise blacks is rejected by the courts. Responsible for introducing Apartheid
Legislation
The Statute of Westminster abolishes the 2/3 majority for constitutional change. The Status of the Union Act abolishes the 2/3 majority for constitutional change. The Status of the Union Act abolishes 2/3 majority needed for constitutional change
Reform of Legal System
The Statute of Westminster abolishes the 2/3 majority for constitutional change. The Status of the Union Act abolishes 2/3 majority vote for constitutional change. The Coloured Voters Bill to disenfranchise blacks is rejected by the courts. Responsible for introducing Apartheid
Statute of Westminster
The Statute of Westminster abolishes the 2/3 majority for constitutional change
ANCYL National Secretary
Is elected national secretary of the ANC Youth League.
Youth League Leadership
Takes a senior organisational role in the Youth League.
NRC
Appointed Member of Native Representitive Council
Election
Elected Senator
Election
Succesfully stands for election
Election
Smuts and the United Party lost the 1948 election to the National Party. It was never to hold power again
United Party
Smuts and the United Party lost the 1948 election to the National Party. It was never to hold power again
Election
Victory in De Villiers constituency (Hottentots) was the only UP pickup in the election. Becomes a member of Parliament in 1948, the year his United Party was ousted from Government by the conservative National Party, which promised to enact a de jure system of apartheid
Foreign Secretary of South Korea
Appointed Foreign Minister
Constitution of South Korea
The Government of the Republic of Korea is formally founded. Enacts the Constitution of the Republic of Korea
Independence of South Korea
The Government of the Republic of Korea is formally founded. Enacts the Constitution of the Republic of Korea
Vice Premier
Appointed Vice Premier
Joan of Arc
Stars in Joan of Arc
Education
Studies at Kenyon College, Ohio 1947-1948, graduating with a B.A. in less than a year
Nobel Prize
Receives the Nobel Prize in Chemistry for research on electrophoresis and adsorption analysis, particularly for discoveries concerning the complex nature of serum proteins.
Hasselblad 1600F
Introduces the Hasselblad 1600F medium-format camera.
Modular Medium-Format Camera
Establishes a modular professional camera system with interchangeable components.
Prime Minister of Thailand
Appointed Prime Minister of Thailand, 2nd term
Academy Award
Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress in Key Largo
Key Largo
Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress in Key Largo
Black Magic
Stars in, "Black Magic"
Purchase of RKO
Hughes owns the RKO movie studio from 1948 to 1955
(1948
Monroes only film at Colombia is the low-budget musical Ladies of the Chorus (1948), in which she had her first starring role as a chorus girl who is courted by a wealthy man
Endochronic Properties of Resublimated Thiotimoline
Asimov published a mock scientific paper about thiotimoline, satirizing the language of academic research.
A Perfect Day for Bananafish
Submits a short story titled "A Perfect Day for Bananafish" to The New Yorker
100 best novels in English language
"The Naked and the Dead", based on his personal experiences during World War II, hailed by many as one of the best American novels to come out of the war years and named one of the "100 best novels in English language" by the Modern Library
The Naked and the Dead
"The Naked and the Dead", based on his personal experiences during World War II, hailed by many as one of the best American novels to come out of the war years and named one of the "100 best novels in English language" by the Modern Library
Other Voices, Other Rooms
Publication of "Other Voices, Other Rooms"
Economic Cooperation Administration
Appointed Head the US Economic Cooperation Administration
Economy of USA
Appointed Head the US Economic Cooperation Administration
Plan-Marshall Plan
Directs the Marshall Plan in Europe
Constitution of USA
The London Reccomendations plan & a constitution for the Federal Republic
European Recovery Programme
The London Reccomendations plan for West Germany in the European Recovery Programme
Federal Republic
The London Reccomendations plan & a constitution for the Federal Republic
London Reccomendations
The London Reccomendations plan & a constitution for the Federal Republic
Rule of Germany
The London Reccomendations plan & a constitution for the Federal Republic
Election
Defeated by Harry S Truman
International Trade Mart First Location
Under Shaw's management, the International Trade Mart opened its first location in 1948.
Big Bang Nucleosynthesis
Gamow promotes the hot Big Bang model as a way to explain cosmic element abundances
Big Bang Nucleosynthesis
Bethe is included on the alpha beta gamma paper that publicises early universe nucleosynthesis
Big Bang Nucleosynthesis
Alpher publishes work on element formation in a hot dense early universe
Cosmic Microwave Background
Alpher predicts with Herman that the expanding universe should contain cooled remnant radiation
Cosmic Microwave Background
Herman predicts with Alpher that a relic radiation field should remain from the hot early universe
Weather Radar
Develops radar meteorology after wartime radar experience.
Cosmology
Godel discovers a rotating universe solution of general relativity with closed timelike curves
Generalized Theory of Gravitation
Publishes a generalized theory of gravitation during his continuing search for a unified field theory.
First Observation of Free-Neutron Decay
With Leonard Miller, observes free neutrons decaying into a proton and electron.
Particle Acceleration Theory
Develops ideas explaining how charged particles can gain energy through repeated interactions with moving magnetic fields in astrophysical environments.
Free-Neutron Decay Observation
With Arthur Snell, records the first observation of free-neutron beta decay.
Electron Anomalous Magnetic Moment
Calculates the leading quantum-electrodynamic correction to the electron magnetic moment with striking agreement to experiment.
Junction Transistor Concept
Develops the junction-transistor concept for controlling charge carriers inside semiconductor material.
Junction Transistor Theory
Develops the junction-transistor concept, providing a more robust way to control charge carriers in semiconductors.
Crusade In Europe
Publication of "Crusade In Europe"
Chief of Staff
Appointed Chief of Staff of the Army
Barcelona League Championship
Guides Barcelona to the Spanish league championship in his first season as manager.
Coup
Leads coup against President Romulo Geologies
Coup
Assumes power
Coup
seizes power with American aid, he is ousted by Bettancourt in 1958
Prime Minister of Vietnam
Appointed Prime Minister of Vietnam by the French
Coronation
Asserts he will not put on the crown until "true unity & real independence"
Independence of Vietnam
Asserts he will not put on the crown until "true unity & real independence"
Unification
Asserts he will not put on the crown until "true unity & real independence"
Independence of Vietnam
Promises the Vietminh will be neutral if Vietnam is granted inependence
Neutrality
Promises the Vietminh will be neutral if Vietnam is granted inependence
Promises the Vietminh will be neutral if Vietnam is granted inependence
Promises the Vietminh will be neutral if Vietnam is granted inependence. Issues a last appeal for a comprimise with the French
Balkan Federative Republic
During the Cominform, the Yugoslav and Bulgarian Communist leaders Josip Broz Tito and Georgi Dimitrov work on a project to merge their two countries into a Balkan Federative Republic
Balkan Federative Republic
Proposes a Balkan Federation including a customs union with Czech & Poland. Eastern European countries drop the Balkan Federation after Russian opposition
Economy of Yugoslavia
Proposes a Balkan Federation including a customs union with Czech & Poland
Independence of Yugoslavia
Begins to leads Yugoslavia away from Stalin
The Old Beauty and Others
The Old Beauty and Others, a collection of Cather's stories, was published posthumously.
Marfino Prison Experiences
Solzhenitsyn experienced the special prison at Marfino later portrayed in The First Circle.
Jewish Cultural Reconstruction Work
Arendt worked to recover and preserve European Jewish cultural materials after the war.